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Caracterización Del Vulcanismo Carbonatítico De Catanda (Angola)

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Caracterización Del Vulcanismo Carbonatítico De Catanda (Angola) Caracterización del vulcanismo carbonatítico de Catanda (Angola) Marc Campeny Crego ADVERTIMENT . La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ( www.tdx.cat ) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB ( diposit.ub.edu ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb final itats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB . No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta rese rva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA . La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ( www.tdx.cat ) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB ( diposit.ub.edu ) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente par a usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB . No se autoriza la p resentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis e s obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING . On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX ( www.tdx.cat ) service and by the UB Digital Repository ( diposit.ub.edu ) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrati ve aims is not authorized n or its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX servic e or to the UB Digital Repository . Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Tho s e rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents . In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. Publicaciones originales 9.2. Publicación II Campeny M., Kamenetsky, V.S., Melgarejo J.C., Mangas J., Manuel J., Alfonso P., Bambi A., Kamenetsky, M.B., Gonçalves, O.A. (2015): Carbonatitic lavas in Catanda (Kwanza Sul, Angola): Mineralogical and geochemical constraints on the parental melt. Lithos 232, 1-11. Lithos 232 (2015) 1–11 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Lithos journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos Carbonatitic lavas in Catanda (Kwanza Sul, Angola): Mineralogical and geochemical constraints on the parental melt Marc Campeny a, Vadim S. Kamenetsky b,JoanC.Melgarejoa, José Mangas c, José Manuel d, Pura Alfonso e, Maya B. Kamenetsky b, Aurora C.J.M. Bambi d, Antonio O. Gonçalves d a Dept. Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain b School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia c Depto. Física, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain d Depto. Geologia, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola e Dept. Enginyeria Minera i Recursos Naturals, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Manresa, Catalonia, Spain article info abstract Article history: A set of small volcanic edifices with tuff ring and maar morphologies occur in the Catanda area, which is the only Received 17 January 2015 locality with extrusive carbonatites reported in Angola. Four outcrops of carbonatite lavas have been identified in Accepted 13 June 2015 this region and considering the mineralogical, textural and compositional features, we classify them as: Available online 4 July 2015 silicocarbonatites (1), calciocarbonatites (2) and secondary calciocarbonatites produced by the alteration of pri- mary natrocarbonatites (3). Even with their differences, we interpret these lava types as having been a single Keywords: Carbonatitic lavas carbonatite suite related to the same parental magma. We have also estimated the composition of the parental Natrocarbonatites magma from a study of melt inclusions hosted in magnetite microphenocrysts from all of these lavas. Melt inclu- Silicocarbonatites sions revealed the presence of 13 different alkali-rich phases (e.g., nyerereite, shortite, halite and sylvite) that ar- Angola gues for an alkaline composition of the Catanda parental melts. Mineralogical, textural, compositional and Catanda isotopic features of some Catanda lavas are also similar to those described in altered natrocarbonatite localities worldwide such as Tinderet or Kerimasi, leading to our conclusion that the formation of some Catanda calciocarbonatite lavas was related to the occurrence of natrocarbonatite volcanism in this area. On the other hand, silicocarbonatite lavas, which are enriched in periclase, present very different mineralogical, compositional and isotopic features in comparison to the rest of Catanda lavas. We conclude that its formation was probably re- lated to the decarbonation of primary dolomite bearing carbonatites. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Hornig-Kjarsgaard, 1998)andHigh Field Strength Elements (HFSE) (Chakhmouradian, 2006; Dalou et al., 2009). There are more than 500 known carbonatite localities worldwide Even so, due to their rarity, the scientific literature about carbonatite (Woolley and Kjarsgaard, 2008). Most of these carbonatites (~90%) lava localities is very limited. Petrogenetic studies have been reported are formed in plutonic or hypabyssal environments, while only a minor- for some localities, especially from the East African Rift area (Woolley, ity (~10%) are extrusive and associated with volcanic eruptions 2001) such as Fort Portal, Uganda (Barker and Nixon, 1989; Eby et al., (Woolley and Church, 2005). These volcanic carbonatites are mainly 2009; Nixon and Hornung, 1973; von Knorring and Du Bois, 1961), formed by pyroclastic materials from explosive volcanism, while effu- Tinderet, Kenya (Deans and Roberts, 1984; Zaitsev et al., 2013)or sive carbonatite lavas have only been described in 14 localities by Kerimasi and Oldoinyo Lengai in Tanzania (Church, 1996; Dawson, Woolley and Church, 2005. 1962a; Dawson et al., 1995a; Guzmics et al., 2011, 2012, 2015; Hay, Carbonatite magmas most probably represent low-degree partial 1983; Keller and Zaitsev, 2012). Oldoinyo Lengai is the only active melts of the lithospheric mantle (Bell and Simonetti, 2010; Wallace carbonatite volcano known, and where unique natrocarbonatite lavas and Green, 1988). Therefore, the study of such extrusive products, have also been carefully studied (Bell and Keller, 1995; Dawson, especially lavas, provides significant information about their genesis 1962b; Dawson et al., 1995b; Mitchell and Kamenetsky, 2012). and the concentration of chemical elements in carbonatite magmas In the present contribution, we report mineralogical, geochemical, such as Rare Earth Elements (REE) (Chakhmouradian and Wall, 2012; stable isotopes and melt inclusion data on the carbonatite lavas from Catanda, Angola. This carbonatite locality was first reported by Silva and Pereira (1973), but the Angolan civil war hampered the access to E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Campeny). the area and prevented more detailed studies, until Campeny et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.06.016 0024-4937/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2 M. Campeny et al. / Lithos 232 (2015) 1–11 (2014) described the volcanic processes related to the carbonatites em- et al., 2012; Korolev et al., 2014), which is one of the most productive di- placement. These relatively fresh carbonatite lavas located in the west- amond mines in the African continent. ern African margin, are in a tectonic region affected by the break-up of The volcanic activity in the Catanda region has never been precisely Gondwana (Issa Filho et al., 1991), where carbonatite magmatism is dated. Silva and Pereira (1973) proposed a 92 Ma (±7) K-Ar age also associated to kimberlite pipes (Robles-Cruz et al., 2012). (Torquato and Amaral, 1973) for a tinguaite dyke assumed to be con- The aim of this work is to investigate these well-preserved temporaneous with the carbonatite outcrops. This age is younger than carbonatite lavas through a detailed petrographic description and com- the formation of the Lucapa corridor and the Catoca kimberlite, dated paring their textural and mineralogical features with other carbonatite as Early Cretaceous (Robles-Cruz et al., 2012). However, the occurrence and natrocarbonatite localities worldwide. Melt inclusion study has of multiple episodes of magmatic activity, including those during the also permitted constraints on the composition of Catanda parental Cretaceous, cannot be ruled out and future accurate dating is highly de- melt, which has been determined as alkali-rich. sirable in the area. 2. Geological setting 3. Analytical methods The Catanda carbonatites are located in the Kwanza Sul province Textural and mineralogical studies were carried out by optical mi- (Angola), approximately 50 km SE of the town of Sumbe and 250 km croscopy as well as with an E-SEM-Quanta 200 FEI-XTE-325/ south of Luanda, the national capital. They were formed by a group of D8395.BSE Scanning Electron Microscope with a Genesis EDS micro- relatively eroded monogenetic volcanic cones outcropping in a 50- analysis system, at the Scientific and Technical Centre of the University km2 graben hosted in Archaean granites (Fig.
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