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I Year Dkh11 : History of Tamilnadu Upto 1967 A.D
M.A. HISTORY - I YEAR DKH11 : HISTORY OF TAMILNADU UPTO 1967 A.D. SYLLABUS Unit - I Introduction : Influence of Geography and Topography on the History of Tamil Nadu - Sources of Tamil Nadu History - Races and Tribes - Pre-history of Tamil Nadu. SangamPeriod : Chronology of the Sangam - Early Pandyas – Administration, Economy, Trade and Commerce - Society - Religion - Art and Architecture. Unit - II The Kalabhras - The Early Pallavas, Origin - First Pandyan Empire - Later PallavasMahendravarma and Narasimhavarman, Pallava’s Administration, Society, Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture. The CholaEmpire : The Imperial Cholas and the Chalukya Cholas, Administration, Society, Education and Literature. Second PandyanEmpire : Political History, Administration, Social Life, Art and Architecture. Unit - III Madurai Sultanate - Tamil Nadu under Vijayanagar Ruler : Administration and Society, Economy, Trade and Commerce, Religion, Art and Architecture - Battle of Talikota 1565 - Kumarakampana’s expedition to Tamil Nadu. Nayakas of Madurai - ViswanathaNayak, MuthuVirappaNayak, TirumalaNayak, Mangammal, Meenakshi. Nayakas of Tanjore :SevappaNayak, RaghunathaNayak, VijayaRaghavaNayak. Nayak of Jingi : VaiyappaTubakiKrishnappa, Krishnappa I, Krishnappa II, Nayak Administration, Life of the people - Culture, Art and Architecture. The Setupatis of Ramanathapuram - Marathas of Tanjore - Ekoji, Serfoji, Tukoji, Serfoji II, Sivaji III - The Europeans in Tamil Nadu. Unit - IV Tamil Nadu under the Nawabs of Arcot - The Carnatic Wars, Administration under the Nawabs - The Mysoreans in Tamil Nadu - The Poligari System - The South Indian Rebellion - The Vellore Mutini- The Land Revenue Administration and Famine Policy - Education under the Company - Growth of Language and Literature in 19th and 20th centuries - Organization of Judiciary - Self Respect Movement. Unit - V Tamil Nadu in Freedom Struggle - Tamil Nadu under Rajaji and Kamaraj - Growth of Education - Anti Hindi & Agitation. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Medieval History(A.D 750-A.D1707)
Medieval History(A.D 750-A.D1707) • Early Medieval History (A.D750-A.D1206 ) • Delhi Sultanate (A.D 1206 –A.D1526) • Mughal History (A.D 1526-A.D 1707) Great Mughals • Gap of 15 yrs (A.D 1540-A.D1555) • Later Mughals (A.D1707-A.D1858) www.classmateacademy.com 125 The years AD 750-AD 1206 • Origin if Indian feudalism • Economic origin beginning with land grants first by satavahana • Political origin it begins in Gupta period ,Samudragupta started it (samantha system) • AD750-AD950 peak of feudalism ,it continues under sultanate but its nature changes they allowed fuedalism to coexist. www.classmateacademy.com 126 North India (A.D750 –A.D950) Period of Triangular Conflict –Pala,Prathihara,Rashtrakutas Gurjara Prathiharas-West Pala –Pataliputra • Naga Bhatta -1 ,defends wetern border • Started by Gopala • Mihira bhoja (Most powerful) • Dharmapala –most powerful,Patron of Buddhism • Capital -Kannauj Est.Vikramshila university Senas • Vijayasena founder • • Last ruler –Laxmana sena Rashtrakutas defeated by • Dantidurga-founder, • Bhakthiyar Khalji(A.D1206) defeated Badami Chalukyas (Dasavatara Cave) • Krishna-1 Vesara School of architecture • Amoghvarsha Rajputs and Kayasthas the new castes of Medival India New capital-Manyaketa Patron-Jainism &Kannada Famous works-Kavirajamarga,Ratnamalika • Krishna-3 last powerful ruler www.classmateacademy.com 127 www.classmateacademy.com 128 www.classmateacademy.com 129 www.classmateacademy.com 130 www.classmateacademy.com 131 Period of mutlicornered conflict-the 4 Agni Kulas(AD950-AD1206) Chauhans-Ajayameru(Ajmer) Solankis Pawars Ghadwala of Kannauj • Prithviraj chauhan-3 Patronn of Jainsim Bhoja Deva -23 classical Jayachandra (last) • PrthvirajRasok-ChandBardai Dilwara temples of Mt.Abu works in sanskrit • Battle of Tarain-1 Nagara school • Battle of tarain-2(1192) Chandellas of bundelKhand Tomars of Delhi Kajuraho AnangaPal _Dillika www.classmateacademy.com 132 Meanwhile in South India.. -
Unit 31 Indian Languages and Literature
UNIT 31 INDIAN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE Structure 31.0 Objectives 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Arabic and Persian 31.3 Sanskrit 31.4 North India 31.4.1 Hindi 31.4.2 Urdu 31.4.3 Punjabi 3 1.5 Western India 31.5.1 %uj& 315.2 Marathi 31.6 Eastern India 31.6.1 Bengali 31.6.2 Asaunek 31.6.3 Ckiya 3 1.7 South Indian Languages 31.7.1 Td 31.7.2 Teluy 31.7.3 Kamada 31.7.4 Malayalam 31.8 Let Us Sum Up 31.9 Key Words 31.10 Answers to Cbeck Your Progress Exercises In this unit, we will discuss the languages and literatme tbat flourished m India during the 16th to mid 18th centuries. Aftea gomg through this unit you will: ,. be able to appreciate the variety and richness of literam produced during the period under study; know about the main literary works in India in the following languages: Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sanskrit, HiLdi, Punjabi, Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada; and .a be familiar wit. some of the main historians, writers and poets writing in the above languages. ' cr 31.1 INTRODUCTION The Mughal rule created some semblance of political unity m India. Further, it not only encouraged an integtated internal matket and an increase m foreign trade, but also generated an atmosphere of creative intellectual activity. Apart from the Empexors, the Mughal princes and nobles, too, patronised literary activity. Tbe regional com.of the Rajput Rajas and the ' Deccan and South Indian rulers also did not lag bebind. -
A History of Telugu Literature
THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES lan A P ned by J . N . F R QUHAR , M . A D . Litt . D D . (Aberdeen) . Ri R V . H The ght everend . S AZ AR I A , LL . D a Bishop of Dorn kal . Joi nt K E . C . DEWI C , M . A . (Cantab . ) E ditors . AN LY M a J N C G GU , . A (Birmingh m) , - a Darsan S stri . Already pub li c/zed. f He ar o Bu ism . S . D .Litt . a a The t ddh K J AUNDERS , M A (C nt b . ) i 2 r o f a are se e ra e u P B . Hi o n L ur d ed . E . I A A st y K t t , . R CE , . S e . k a s ud ed . B I I H i . The sam hy y t m , z A ERR EDALE KE T , D . L tt ( Oxo n . ) 2 ed . S . MA AI L . Aso k a , ud JAME M CPH , M A M D in in . 2nd e d . rinc i a Y O u . Indian Pa t g P p l PE R C BR W N , Calc tta f a th S ai . i ra i n s NI O I O . Psalms o M t C L MACN C L , M A , D L tt . f in i i e a u e . r F E . Li . H o H L r . A isto ry d t t . KEAY , M A , D tt a B The Karm A . -
Forumias Prelims Marathon 10Th to 15Th May, 2021
ForumIAS Prelims Marathon 10th to 15th May, 2021 HISTORY ECONOMICS POLITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT PRELIMS MARATHON COMPILATION FOR THE MONTH OF MAY (SECOND WEEK), 2021 Delhi Sultanate (Political and Administrative policies) Q.1) Consider the following statements about the military campaign of Ala-ud-din Khalji: 1. Ala-ud-din himself commanded the large army to plunder Deccan powers. 2. The first target in the peninsula was Devagiri. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 ANS: B Explanation: The inability of the Sultanate to effectively harness the agrarian resources of its North Indian territories to sustain its political ambitions was evident in its relentless military campaigns in search of loot and plunder. • Ala-ud-din’s campaigns into Devagiri (1296, 1307, 1314), Gujarat (1299–1300), Ranthambhor (1301), Chittor (1303) and Malwa (1305) were meant to proclaim his political and military power as well as to collect loot from the defeated kingdoms. • It was with the same plan that he unleashed his forces into the Deccan. • The first target in the peninsula was Devagiri in the western Deccan. Ala-ud-din sent a large army commanded by Malik Kafur in 1307 to capture Devagiri fort. • Following Devagiri, Prataparudradeva, the Kakatiya ruler of Warangal in the Telengana region, was defeated in 1309. • In 1310 the Hoysala ruler Vira Ballala III surrendered all his treasures to the Delhi forces. Source: Tamil Nadu state board. Q.2) Who among the following assisted Qutb-ud-din Aibak in conquering Biahar and Bengal? a) Muhammad Ghori b) Muhammad Bin Bhakthiyar Khalji c) Humayun d) Raziya Sultan ANS: B Explanation: Qutb-ud-din Aibak was enslaved as a boy and sold to Sultan Muhammad Ghori at Ghazni. -
SOCIAL SCIENCE PART - I ENGLISH MEDIUM (Revised) 7
Government of Karnataka SOCIAL SCIENCE PART - I ENGLISH MEDIUM (Revised) 7 SEVENTH STANDARD KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R.) 100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd Stage, Bengaluru - 560 085. Preface The Textbook Society, Karnataka, has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi which in turn are designed on NCF - 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From Standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects, namely, mathematics, science and social science. NCF - 2005 has a number of special features and they are: connecting knowledge to life activities. learning to shift from rote methods. enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks. learning experiences for the construction of knowledge. making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom experiences. caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country. making education relevant to the present and future needs. softening the subject boundaries-integrated knowledge and the joy of learning. the child is the constructor of knowledge. The new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral approach and Intergrated approach. The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the all round development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country, India. -
Irrigation As a Social Responsibility, a Case Study of Kakatiya Period
Vol.3 No. 3 April 2019 E-ISSN: 2456-5571 Irrigation as a Social Responsibility, A Case Study of Kakatiya Period Dr.GUGULOTHU RAVI Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of History & Tourism Management Kakatiya University Warangal Water is the essence of Nature. Without water the commercial inter course with distant communities. The living things cannot survive and the world cannot exist. The rivers acted as the agents in enriching the soil by their qualities of water and its essential nature are recognized seasonal inundation and providing irrigation for the growing since ancient times. Indian literature refers to the precious crops, as well as the highways by which the produce of the nature of water at several instances. In the Atharvaveda, land could be transported to cities7. the importance of water is described thus: Irrigation is the artificial creation of water resources by “Water is good, water indeed is fatness…. constructing dams, tanks, canals, channels etc., for May the strong rain of those who scatter sweetness agriculture. In India, the antiquity of irrigation goes back to Come helpful unto me with breath and vigour. Here, the beginnings of civilizations and early farming O ye waters in your heart. Here is your calf, ye communities. The hunter-gathers of the prehistoric times holiness, turned to be food producers during the Neolithic period8. Flow here, just here, O mighty streams whither I now The people of the “Harappan culture” were also Am leading you” 1. familiar with agriculture as evidenced by the food grains The vital activity of water in the natural phenomena is collected from the sites like Mohenjo-dara, Harappa, Lothal well recognized in India. -
A History of Telugu Literature;
Jf THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES Planned by J. N. FARQUHAR, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.), D.D. (Aberdeen). /The Right Reverend V. S. AZARIAH, LL.D of Dornakal. Joint (Cantab.), Bishop E. C. M.A. Editors DEWICK, (Cantab.) J. N. C. GANGULY, M.A., (Birmingham), Darsan-Sastri. Already published. The Heart of Buddhism. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A., D.Litt. (Cantab.) A History of Kanarese Literature, 2nd ed. E. P. RICE, B.A. The Sarhkhya System, 2nd ed. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. (Oxon.) ASoka, 2nd ed. JAMES M. MACPHAIL, M.A., M.D. Indian Painting. _2nd ed. Principal PERCY BROWN, Calcutta. Psalms of Maratha Saints. NICOL MACNICOL, M.A., D.Litt. A History of Hindi Literature. F. E, KEAY, M.A., D.Litt. The Karma-MImamsa. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt.(Oxon.) Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints. F. KINGSBURY, B.A., and G. E. PHILLIPS, M.A. Rabindranath Tagore. EDWARD THOMPSON, M.A. (Oxon.), Ph.D. Hymns from the Rigveda. A. A. MACDONELL, M.A., Ph.D., Hon. LL.D. Gautama Buddha. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A., D.Litt. (Cantab.) The Coins of India. C. J. BROWN, M.A. Indian Poems by Women. ^ MRS. MACNICOL. Bengali Religious Lyrics, Sakta. EDWARD THOMPSON, M.A. (Oxon.), Ph.D., and A. M. SPENCER. Classical Sanskrit Literature, 2nd ed. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. (Oxon.) The Music of India. H. A. POPLEY, B.A. Subjects proposed and volumes under preparation. HISTORY AND THE HERITAGE. The Early Period. The Gupta Period. The Mogul Period. -
Later Cholas and Pandyas
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com 7th Social Science Lesson 1 Notes in English 1. Emergence of New Kingdoms in South India: Later Cholas and Pandyas 1. What makes Cholas more Important? The Cholas are one among the popular and well-known Tamil monarchs in the history of South India. The elaborate state structure, the extensive irrigation network, the vast number of temples they built, their great contributions to art and architecture and their overseas exploits have given them a pre-eminent position in history. 2. Revival of the Chola Rule: The ancient Chola kingdom reigned supreme with the Kaveri delta forming the core area of its rule and with Uraiyur (present day Tiruchirappalli) as its capital. It rose to prominence during the reign of Karikala but gradually declined under his successors. 3. Who revived the Chola Rule? In the 9th century Vijayalaya, ruling over a small territory lying north of the Kaveri, revived the Chola Dynasty. He conquered Thanjavur and made it his capital. 4. Who Built the New Capital? Later Rajendra I and his successors ruled the empire from Gangaikonda Cholapuram, the newly built capital. 5. Who was the Most Powerful Ruler in this Empire? Rajaraja I (A.D. (CE) 985 - 1016) was the most powerful ruler of Chola empire and also grew popular beyond his times. 6. What are the Importance of Rajaraja I? Rajaraja I established Chola authority over large parts of South India. His much-acclaimed naval expeditions led to the expansion of Cholas into the West Coast and Sri Lanka. He built the famous Rajarajeswaram (Brihadeshwara) Temple in Thanjavur. -
Syllabus T.Y.B.A
1 Syllabus T.Y.B.A. History Paper – IV Medieval India (1000-1707 A.D.) 1. Socio-Economic and Political conditions of India on the eve of Turkish invasion. 2. Delhi Sultanate: (a) Foundation and Consolidation: Qutbuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia and Balban (b) Expansion and Decline: Alauddin Khilji, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’ Sayyids and Lodis 3. Administrative System of the Delhi Sultanate: (a) Administrative and Military Reforms of Alauddin Khilji (b) Firuz Shah Tughlaq and his reforms (c) Central Government and Iqta System 4. Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdoms: (a) Rise, growth and decline of Vijayanagara and Bahamani Kingdoms (b) Administration, economy, society and culture of the Vijayanagara Empire 5. Mughal Empire – Foundation, Struggle and Restoration (1526-1556): (a) Babur (b) Humayun © Sher Shah – conquests and administration 6. Mughal Empire – Expansion, Consolidation and Beginning of Decline: (a) Akbar, (b) Jahangir and Shah Jahan © Aurangzeb 7. Administration of the Mughals: (a) Central and Provincial (b) Mansabdari System © Revenue 2 8. Rise of the Maratha Power: (a) Shivaji and foundation of the Swarajya (b) Shivaji’s Administration © Sambhaji, Rajaram and Tarabai 9. Economic and Social Conditions under the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals: (a) Agriculture, Industry, Trade, Commerce and Currency (b) Caste system, position of women and Slavery © Education and literature 10. Religions and Culture during the Sultanate and Mughals: (a) Religious trends – Bhakti movement, Sufism, Din-I-Ilahi and Sikkhism (b) Art – Painting, Calligraphy, Sculpture (c) Architecture 3 PREFACE It gives us great pleasure in associating ourselves with the writing of study material for the TYBA students of the Institute of Distance Education (IDE), University of Mumbai, in History, Paper 1V-Medieval India (1000-1707 AD). -
An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara
170 THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART II THEME An Imperial Capital SEVEN Vijayanagara (((ccc. fourteenth to sixteenth century) Vijayanagara or “city of victory” was the name of both a city and an empire. The empire was founded in the fourteenth century. In its heyday it stretched from the river Krishna in the north to the extreme south of the peninsula. In 1565 the city was sacked and subsequently deserted. Although it fell into ruin in the seventeenth-eighteenth centuries, it lived on in the memories of people living in the Krishna-Tungabhadra doab. They remembered it as Hampi, a name derived from that of the local mother goddess, Pampadevi. These oral traditions combined with archaeological finds, monuments and inscriptions and other records helped scholars to rediscover the Vijayanagara Empire. Fig. 7.1 A part of the stone wall that was built around the city of Vijayanagara 1. The Discovery of Hampi The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by an engineer and antiquarian named Colonel Colin Mackenzie. An employee of the English East India Company, he prepared the first survey map of the site. Much of the initial information he received was based on the memories of priests of the Virupaksha temple and the shrine of Pampadevi. Subsequently, from 1856, photographers began to record the monuments which enabled scholars to study them. As early as 1836 epigraphists began collecting several dozen inscriptions found at this and other temples at Hampi. In an effort to reconstruct the history of the city and the empire, historians collated information from these sources with accounts of foreign travellers and other literature written in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Sanskrit.