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Národní Galerie V Čr a Uk Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Studijní obor: Veřejná ekonomika INSTITUCIONÁLNÍ KOMPARACE KONTINENTÁLNÍHO A ANGLOAMERICKÉHO MODELU: NÁRODNÍ GALERIE V ČR A UK Institutional comparison of a continental and an Anglo- american models: National Gallery in UK and CZ Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Autor: Ing. František Svoboda, Ph.D. Bc. Veronika Králíková Kyjov, 2009 Jméno a příjmení autora: Veronika Králíková Název diplomové práce: Institucionální komparace kontinentálního a angloamerického modelu: Národní Galerie ČR a UK Název v angličtině: Institutional comparison of a continental and an Anglo- american models: National Gallery in UK and CZ Katedra: Veřejná ekonomika Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. František Svoboda, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2009 Anotace Předmětem diplomové práce „Institucionální komparace kontinentálního a angloamerického modelu: Národní Galerie ČR a UK“ je analýza historického vývoje těchto institucí a jejich vzájemná komparace. První část popisuje historický vývoj a tedy i východiska, na kterých byly obě galerie vybudovány. Druhá část je věnována dnešní podobě galerií. Závěrečná kapitola je zaměřena na jejich vzájemnou komparaci. Annotation The objective of the thesis „Institutional comparison of a continental and an Anglo-american models: National Gallery in UK and CZ“ is historical development analysis and their mutual comparison. The first part describes the historical making and thus also origins of the establishment of both galleries. The second part presents their contemporary form. The closing part is focused on their mutual comparison. Klíčová slova Národní Galerie, historický vývoj, Česká republika, Spojené Království, Společnost vlasteneckých přátel umění, komparace Keywords National Gallery, historical making, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Association of the patriotic friends of the arts, comparison Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem diplomovou práci: „Institucionální komparace kontinentálního a angloamerického modelu: Národní galerie v ČR a UK“, vypracovala samostatně pod vedením Ing., Františka Svobody, Ph.D., a uvedla v seznamu literatury všechny pouţité literární a odborné zdroje v souladu s právními předpisy, vnitřními předpisy Masarykovi univerzity a vnitřními akty řízení Masarykovy univerzity a Ekonomicko-správní fakulty MU. V Kyjově dne vlastnoruční podpis autora Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala vedoucímu mé diplomové práce Ing. Františkovi Svobodovi, Ph.D. za podnětné konzultace, cenné připomínky a odborné rady, kterými přispěl k vypracování této diplomové práce. OBSAH ÚVOD ......................................................................................................................................... 7 1 HISTORICKÝ VÝVOJ .................................................................................................... 9 1.1 VZNIK A VÝVOJ NÁRODNÍ GALERIE V PRAZE ............................................................... 9 1.1.1 Počátky (1796-1884) .......................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2 Období v Rudolfinu (1884-1929) ..................................................................................... 15 1.1.3 Vincenc Kramář (1919-1939) .......................................................................................... 17 1.1.4 Vývoj po roce 1939 ........................................................................................................... 19 1.2 VZNIK A VÝVOJ NÁRODNÍ GALERIE V LONDÝNĚ........................................................ 21 1.2.1 Počátky (1649-1824) ........................................................................................................ 21 1.2.2 Období v Pall Mall (1824-1838) ...................................................................................... 24 1.2.3 Období na Trafalgar Square do roku 1855 (1838-1855) ................................................. 25 1.2.4 Sir Charles Lock Eastlake a zlatý věk galerie (1855-1894) ............................................. 27 1.2.5 Dvacáté století .................................................................................................................. 29 2 NÁRODNÍ GALERIE V PRAZE ................................................................................. 35 2.1 LEGISLATIVNÍ ÚPRAVA .............................................................................................. 35 2.1.1 Zákon, jímž Československý stát nabývá sbírek Společnosti vlasteneckých přátel umění v Čechách ...................................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.2 Zákon o Národní galerii v Praze ...................................................................................... 36 2.1.3 Zákon o ochraně sbírek muzejní povahy a o změně některých dalších zákonů ................ 36 2.1.4 Vyhláška Ministerstva kultury č. 275/2000 Sb. ................................................................ 37 2.1.5 Zákon o prodeji a vývozu předmětů kulturní hodnoty ...................................................... 37 2.2 STATUS NG V PRAZE ................................................................................................. 38 2.3 ORGANIZAČNÍ STRUKTURA ........................................................................................ 39 2.4 FINANCOVÁNÍ ............................................................................................................ 41 2.4.1 Zdroje příjmů .................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.2 Výdaje ............................................................................................................................... 46 2.4.3 Budoucí podoba financování ............................................................................................ 47 3 NÁRODNÍ GALERIE V LONDÝNĚ ........................................................................... 48 3.1 LEGISLATIVNÍ ÚPRAVA .............................................................................................. 48 3.1.1 Museums and Galleries Act 1992 ..................................................................................... 48 3.1.2 Charities Act ..................................................................................................................... 49 3.2 STATUS NG V LONDÝNĚ ............................................................................................ 49 3.3 ORGANIZAČNÍ STRUKTURA ........................................................................................ 50 3.4 FINANCOVÁNÍ ............................................................................................................ 52 3.4.1 Zdroje příjmů ................................................................................................................... 52 3.4.2 Výdaje .............................................................................................................................. 55 3.4.3 Budoucí podoba financování ........................................................................................... 57 4 KOMPARACE NG V PRAZE A NG V LONDÝNĚ .................................................. 58 4.1 HISTORICKÉ ASPEKTY ................................................................................................ 58 4.2 LEGISLATIVNÍ ÚPRAVA .............................................................................................. 59 4.3 STATUS ...................................................................................................................... 60 4.4 ORGANIZAČNÍ STRUKTURA ........................................................................................ 61 4.5 FINANCOVÁNÍ ............................................................................................................ 62 ZÁVĚR .................................................................................................................................... 64 SEZNAM POUŢITÉ LITERATURY A DALŠÍCH ZDROJŮ .......................................... 68 SEZNAM POUŢITÝCH ZKRATEK ................................................................................... 73 SEZNAM TABULEK A GRAFŮ: ........................................................................................ 74 PŘÍLOHOVÁ ČÁST .............................................................................................................. 75 SEZNAM PŘÍLOH ................................................................................................................ 76 ÚVOD Lidstvo si nelze představit bez umění, je součástí našich ţivotů jiţ od pravěku. Umělecká díla nás nikdy nepřestanou udivovat, jsou to výsledky lidské činnosti. Tyto projevy nás velmi ovlivňují, stávají se součástí nás samotných. Přitahuje nás lidská podstata těchto výtvorů, která rozvíjí náš potenciál, duchovní stránku bytí a která obohacuje lidský ţivot jiţ odedávna. Součástí kultury není pouze umělecká činnost a výsledky její práce, ale i poznávací, osvětové, zájmové aktivity, tradice a zvyky. V pojmu kultura je tedy obsaţena i činnost muzeí, galerií, knihoven, divadel a jiných zařízení poskytujících nabídku kulturních, společenských a vzdělávacích programů. Sbírky galerií (muzeí) tvoří podstatnou součást národního kulturního bohatství, mají důleţité dokumentační, vědecké, umělecké a vychovatelské poslání. Významným úkolem muzeí a galerií je zejména dokládat kulturní úroveň kaţdého národa. Kultura má nejširší a nejhlubší vliv na lidi obecně, toto
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