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Anura, Rhacophoridae)
Zoologica Scripta Patterns of reproductive-mode evolution in Old World tree frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae) MADHAVA MEEGASKUMBURA,GAYANI SENEVIRATHNE,S.D.BIJU,SONALI GARG,SUYAMA MEEGASKUMBURA,ROHAN PETHIYAGODA,JAMES HANKEN &CHRISTOPHER J. SCHNEIDER Submitted: 3 December 2014 Meegaskumbura, M., Senevirathne, G., Biju, S. D., Garg, S., Meegaskumbura, S., Pethiya- Accepted: 7 May 2015 goda, R., Hanken, J., Schneider, C. J. (2015). Patterns of reproductive-mode evolution in doi:10.1111/zsc.12121 Old World tree frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. The Old World tree frogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae), with 387 species, display a remarkable diversity of reproductive modes – aquatic breeding, terrestrial gel nesting, terrestrial foam nesting and terrestrial direct development. The evolution of these modes has until now remained poorly studied in the context of recent phylogenies for the clade. Here, we use newly obtained DNA sequences from three nuclear and two mitochondrial gene fragments, together with previously published sequence data, to generate a well-resolved phylogeny from which we determine major patterns of reproductive-mode evolution. We show that basal rhacophorids have fully aquatic eggs and larvae. Bayesian ancestral-state reconstruc- tions suggest that terrestrial gel-encapsulated eggs, with early stages of larval development completed within the egg outside of water, are an intermediate stage in the evolution of ter- restrial direct development and foam nesting. The ancestral forms of almost all currently recognized genera (except the fully aquatic basal forms) have a high likelihood of being ter- restrial gel nesters. Direct development and foam nesting each appear to have evolved at least twice within Rhacophoridae, suggesting that reproductive modes are labile and may arise multiple times independently. -
Is Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871 (Amphibia, Anura) an Available Nomen?
Zootaxa 3838 (5): 590–594 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.5.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:87DD8AF3-CB72-4EBD-9AA9-5B1E2439ABFE Is Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871 (Amphibia, Anura) an available nomen? ANNEMARIE OHLER1 & ALAIN DUBOIS Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR7205 ISYEB, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris 1Corresponding autho. E-mail: [email protected] Abbreviations used: BMNH, Natural History Museum, London; SVL, snout–vent length; ZMB, Zoologisch Museum, Berlin. Anderson (1871a: 38) mentioned the family nomen DICROGLOSSIDAE, without any comment, in a list of specimens of the collections of the Indian Museum of Calcutta (now the Zoological Survey of India). He referred to this family a single species, Xenophrys monticola, a nomen given by Günther (1864) to a species of MEGOPHRYIDAE from Darjeeling and Khasi Hills (India) which has a complex nomenclatural history (Dubois 1989, 1992; Deuti et al. submitted). Dubois (1987: 57), considering that the nomen DICROGLOSSIDAE had been based on the generic nomen Dicroglossus Günther, 1860, applied it to a family group taxon, the tribe DICROGLOSSINI, for which he proposed a diagnosis. The genus Dicroglossus had been erected by Günther (1860), 11 years before Anderson’s (1871a) paper, for the unique species Dicroglossus adolfi. Boulenger (1882: 17) stated that this specific nomen was a subjective junior synonym of Rana cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799, and therefore Dicroglossus a subjective junior synonym of Rana Linnaeus, 1758 (Boulenger, 1882: 7). -
Vertebrate Fauna of Morankanda-Mukalana Secondary Forest Patch in Sri Lanka: a Checklist Reported from 2004-2008 Survey
RUHUNA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Vol 6: 21- 41, June 2015 ISSN: 1800-279X Faculty of Science University of Ruhuna Vertebrate fauna of Morankanda-Mukalana secondary forest patch in Sri Lanka: A checklist reported from 2004-2008 survey Hareschandra Bandula Jayaneththi Young Zoologists’ Association of Sri Lanka, National Zoological Gardens, Sri Lanka Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26th February 2015, Revised: 29th June 2015, Accepted: 30th June 2015 Abstract. Morankanda-Mukalana is a fragmented forest patch which is located in the Galle district, Southern wet zone of Sri Lanka. Biogeography of the Morankanda is noteworthy because it is located in the middle of the transition area of forest reserves or proposed forest reserves, which includes Beraliya Mukalana. This basic field survey was carried out upon the request made by Morakanda Estate management to define vertebrate checklist in the related area with the aim of starting analogue forestry as a future practice. During the study, a total of nine freshwater fish species were recorded (including four endemics), together with 14 species of amphibians (8 endemics), 43 reptile species (20 tetrapods and 23 serpentoids incl. 16 endemics), and 26 mammals (3 endemics). Avifauna comprised of 112 species (9 migrants) with 12 endemic birds (including proposed endemics). The high vertebrate faunal diversity revealed in this study paved the way for the estate management to change their plantation practice by maintaining partially analogue forestry following conservation practices which will positively affect to improve the status of wild fauna. Keywords. Agro-ecosystem, analogue forestry, endemic fauna, rain forests, vertebrate checklist. 1 Introduction Sri Lanka is an island off the southern tip of India, and is a biodiversity hotspot. -
Primitive Breeding in an Ancient Indian Frog Genus Indirana
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 32. Parle, J. N., Activities of microorganisms in soil and influence of ied the courtship, spawning behaviour and reproduc- these on soil fauna. Ph D thesis, University of London, 1959. tive mode of an Indirana sp. from Amboli Reserve 33. Gomez-Brandon, M., Lazcano, C., Lores, M. and Dominguez, J., Forest located in the northern Western Ghats, Maha- Detritivorous earthworms modify microbial community structure rashtra, India. This species showcases a primitive type and accelerate plant residue decomposition. Appl. Soil Ecol., 2010, of inguinal amplexus and exhibits pronounced sexual 44, 237–244. 34. Pelczar Jr, M. J., Chan, E. C. S. and Kreig, N. R., Microbiology size dimorphism, where females are significantly lar- Concept and Application, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993, pp. 80– ger than the males. Average clutch size was 226 41.5 100; 158–161; 370. eggs, with an egg diameter of 3.25 0.32 mm. Fertili- 35. Jackson, M. L., Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pvt zation rate was 87% with 100% hatching success. Ad- Ltd, New Delhi, 1973, pp. 25–214. ditionally, this frog has evolved terrestrial eggs 36. Drake, H. L. and Horn, M. A., As the worm turns: the earthworm without the dependent traits like parental care and gut as a transient habitat for soil microbial biomes. Annu. Rev. large egg size/small clutch size witnessed in other ter- Microbiol., 2007, 61, 169–189. restrially egg-laying anurans (frogs and toads). This 37. Sruthy, P. B., Anjana, J. C., Rathinamala, J. and Jayashree, S., frog has reproductive mode 19, with its characteristic Screening of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) gut as a transient semi-terrestrial tadpoles. -
Herpetological Journal FULL PAPER
Volume 27 (April 2017), 217–229 Herpetological Journal FULL PAPER Published by the British Trophic segregation of anuran larvae in two temporary Herpetological Society tropical ponds in southern Vietnam Anna B. Vassilieva1,2,3, Artem Y. Sinev3 & Alexei V. Tiunov1,2 1A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia 2Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre, Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam 3Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119911, Russia Trophic differentiation of tadpoles of four anuran species (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Microhyla fissipes, M. heymonsi, Polypedates megacephalus) with different oral morphologies was studied in temporary ponds in a monsoon tropical forest in southern Vietnam. All tadpole species were found to be omnivorous, including filter-feeding microhylids. Both gut contents analysis and stable isotope analysis provided enough evidence of resource partitioning among coexisting species. Gut contents analysis supported the expected partitioning of food resources by tadpoles with different oral morphologies and showed differences in the food spectra of filter-feeding and grazing species. Stable isotope analysis revealed more complex trophic niche segregation among grazers, as well as amongst filter-feeders. Tadpole species differed mainly in δ13C values, indicating a dependency on carbon sources traceable to either of aquatic or terrestrial origins. Furthermore, tadpoles with generalised grazing oral morphology (P. megacephalus) can start feeding as suspension feeders and then shift to the rasping mode. Controlled diet experiment with P. megacephalus larvae showed a diet-tissue isotopic fractionation of approximately 1.9‰ and 1.2‰ for Δ13C and Δ15N, respectively. -
Gekkotan Lizard Taxonomy
3% 5% 2% 4% 3% 5% H 2% 4% A M A D R Y 3% 5% A GEKKOTAN LIZARD TAXONOMY 2% 4% D ARNOLD G. KLUGE V O 3% 5% L 2% 4% 26 NO.1 3% 5% 2% 4% 3% 5% 2% 4% J A 3% 5% N 2% 4% U A R Y 3% 5% 2 2% 4% 0 0 1 VOL. 26 NO. 1 JANUARY, 2001 3% 5% 2% 4% INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTRIBUTORS Hamadryad publishes original papers dealing with, but not necessarily restricted to, the herpetology of Asia. Re- views of books and major papers are also published. Manuscripts should be only in English and submitted in triplicate (one original and two copies, along with three cop- ies of all tables and figures), printed or typewritten on one side of the paper. Manuscripts can also be submitted as email file attachments. Papers previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere should not be submitted. Final submissions of accepted papers on disks (IBM-compatible only) are desirable. For general style, contributors are requested to examine the current issue of Hamadryad. Authors with access to publication funds are requested to pay US$ 5 or equivalent per printed page of their papers to help defray production costs. Reprints cost Rs. 2.00 or 10 US cents per page inclusive of postage charges, and should be ordered at the time the paper is accepted. Major papers exceeding four pages (double spaced typescript) should contain the following headings: Title, name and address of author (but not titles and affiliations), Abstract, Key Words (five to 10 words), Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, Literature Cited (only the references cited in the paper). -
Anura: Ranidae)
Hamadryad Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 75 – 82 , 2000 Copyright 2000 Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust MOLECULAR AND KARYOLOGICAL DATA ON THE SOUTH ASIAN RANID GENERA INDIRANA, NYCTIBATRACHUS AND NANNOPHRYS (ANURA: RANIDAE) Miguel Vences1,4, Stefan Wanke1, Gaetano Odierna2, Joachim Kosuch3 and Michael Veith3 1Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. Email: [email protected] 2Dipartimento Biologia Evolutiva e Comparata, Universitá di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Napoli, Italy. Email: [email protected] 3Zoologisches Institut der Universität Mainz, Abteilung Ökologie, Saarstrasse 21, D55099 Mainz, Germany. Email: [email protected] 4Present address: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire des Reptiles et Amphibiens, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France. (with four text-figures) ABSTRACT.– Phylogenetic relationships of the endemic south Asian frogs of the genera Indirana, Nyctibatrachus and Nannophrys were studied using DNA sequences (a total of 880 bp) of the mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA genes. The topology of the obtained cladograms was largely unresolved, indicating a star-like radiation of the main ranid lineages. No molecular affinities were found between the south Asian taxa and Malagasy ranids. Nannophrys was positioned as sister group of Euphlyctis in all analyses. This grouping, which was supported by moderate to high bootstrap values, indicates that Nannophrys is an offshoot of Asian ranids, and not related to the South African cacosternines. Karyotypes were obtained for Nannophrys ceylonensis (2n = 26), N. marmorata (2n = 26), Indirana sp. (2n = 30) and I. cf. leptodactyla (2n = 24). The 2n = 30 karyotype of Indirana sp. -
A Review of Amphibian Fauna of Sri Lanka: Distribution, Recent Taxonomic Changes and Conservation
Journal of Animal Diversity (2019), 1 (2): 44–82 Online ISSN: 2676-685X Research Article DOI: 10.29252/JAD.2019.1.2.4 A review of amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka: distribution, recent taxonomic changes and conservation Sudesh Batuwita1*, Sampath Udugampala2*, Madura De Silva2, Jiaojiao Diao3 and Udeni Edirisinghe4 1The Society for the Biodiversity Conservation, 63/4, Adikaramwatta, Yaggahapitiya, Gunnepana 20270, Kandy, Sri Lanka 2Wildlife Conservation Society- Galle, Hiyare reservoir, Hiyare 80056, Galle, Sri Lanka 3College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, China 4Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka *These authors contributed equally to this work Corresponding author : [email protected] Abstract The amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka comprises 120 species, including 107 (~90.0%) endemic species. They belong to five families: Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Ichthyophiidae, Microhylidae, and Rhacophoridae. Based on distribution, we recognized five zoogeographic zones for them, Central Hills, Dry Zone, Knuckles Range, Lowland Wet Zone, and Rakwana Hills. Fifty three species were reported from the Central Hills (48 endemics [90.6%] and 42 [79.2%] threatened species). 47 species were recorded from the Lowland Wet Zone, including 36 (76.6%) endemics and 28 (59.6%) threatened species. The Knuckles Range had 25 species, of which, 19 (76.0%) were endemics and 15 (60.0%) are Received: 25 November 2019 threatened species. 19 species were reported from Dry Zone including Accepted: 24 December 2019 seven endemics (36.8%) and four threatened species (21.1%). Out of 29 Published online: 31 December 2019 species, which inhabited in the Rakwana Hills, 26 were endemics (~89.7%) including 24 (82.8%) threatened species. -
Nomination File 1203
Nomination of The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka: Its Cultural and Natural Heritage for inscription on the World Heritage List Submitted to UNESCO by the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1 January 2008 Nomination of The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka: Its Cultural and Natural Heritage for inscription on the World Heritage List Submitted to UNESCO by the Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1 January 2008 Contents Page Executive Summary vii 1. Identification of the Property 1 1.a Country 1 1.b Province 1 1.c Geographical coordinates 1 1.e Maps and plans 1 1.f Areas of the three constituent parts of the property 2 1.g Explanatory statement on the buffer zone 2 2. Description 5 2.a Description of the property 5 2.a.1 Location 5 2.a.2 Culturally significant features 6 PWPA 6 HPNP 7 KCF 8 2.a.3 Natural features 10 Physiography 10 Geology 13 Soils 14 Climate and hydrology 15 Biology 16 PWPA 20 Flora 20 Fauna 25 HPNP 28 Flora 28 Fauna 31 KCF 34 Flora 34 Fauna 39 2.b History and Development 44 2.b.1 Cultural features 44 PWPA 44 HPNP 46 KCF 47 2.b.2 Natural aspects 49 PWPA 51 HPNP 53 KCF 54 3. Justification for Inscription 59 3.a Criteria under which inscription is proposed (and justification under these criteria) 59 3..b Proposed statement of outstanding universal value 80 3.b.1 Cultural heritage 80 3.b.2 Natural heritage 81 3.c Comparative analysis 84 3.c.1 Cultural heritage 84 PWPA 84 HPNP 85 KCF 86 3.c.2 Natural Heritage 86 3.d Integrity and authenticity 89 3.d.1 Cultural features 89 PWPA 89 HPNP 90 KCF 90 3.d.2 Natural features 91 4. -
Species Diversity and Threat Status of Amphibians in the Kanneliya Forest, Lowland Sri Lanka
SALAMANDRA 47(3) 173–177 20 August 2011 CorrespondenceISSN 0036–3375 Correspondence Species diversity and threat status of amphibians in the Kanneliya Forest, lowland Sri Lanka Malaka M. Bopage 1, Krishan Wewalwala 1, Milivoje Krvavac 2, Olga Jovanovic 3, Goran Safarek 3 & Vishan Pushpamal 4 1) Bio-diversity Education and Exploration Society 63/C Wackwella Road, Galle 8000, Sri Lanka 2) Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3) Society for Research and Popularization of Science Baobab, Trg k. Kresimira 10, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia 4) Kanneliya Road, Koralegama Panangala 2, Galle 8000, Sri Lanka Corresponding author: Olga Jovanovic, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 30 August 2010 Sri Lanka is endowed with rich biodiversity and, like the lowland wet zone of southern Sri Lanka, about 35 km Western Ghats of India, considered one of the global bio- northeast of the historic city of Galle. The total area of for- diversity hotspots (Myers 2000). Both regions have a high est in the KDN complex is 12,196 hectares (Jayasuriya & number of endemic species, including lower vertebrate Abayawardana 2008). The Kanneliya Forest is the larg- groups such as amphibians, reptiles and fish, and inver- est of the three conjoined forests, about 6,114 hectares in tebrates such as freshwater crabs and shrimps (Bossuyt extent, with an average annual rainfall of about 4445 mm et al. 2004). Amphibians are an important faunal group mainly during the southwest monsoon season (Jayasuri- in this region, and research in this area over the past few ya & Abayawardana 2008). -
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild Amphibian Species 136 Threatened Amphibians of the World
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild Amphibian Species 136 Threatened Amphibians of the World EX Adenomus kandianus (Günther, 1872) Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Habitat and Ecology While there is nothing known with certainty about the habitat and ecology of this species, it Country Distribution: Sri Lanka (Extinct) presumably bred by larval development in water as do other members of Adenomus. Major Threats Although the causes of the species extinction not known, if the original collection locality was truly Geographic Range This species was endemic to Sri Lanka, and is known only from the general type locality of in the vicinity of Kandy, then it is quite likely that extensive urban development has destroyed any suitable habitat “Ceylon” (= Sri Lanka). The scientific name suggests that it might have been collected in the vicinity of the city of (Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 1998). Kandy, central Sri Lanka. As the site of collection is unclear, the species has not been mapped. Conservation Measures It was not recorded from any protected areas. Population It is known only from the type specimen. There have been no sightings since the original description Bibliography: Günther, A. (1872), Manamendra-Arachchi, K. and Pethiyagoda, R. (1998) and the species is now believed to be extinct (Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 1998). The general area of Data Providers: Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, Anslem de Silva Kandy, where this frog is presumed to have occurred, has been well surveyed. EX Atelopus ignescens (Cornalia, 1849) Order, Family: Anura, Bufonidae Habitat and Ecology An inhabitant of humid montane forest, humid sub-páramo (high-altitude bushland), and Country Distribution: Ecuador (Extinct) páramo (high-altitude grassland). -
Tigerpaper Vol 35-2.Pmd
REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RAP), BANGKOK April-June 2008 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Regional Quarterly Bulletin on Wildlife and National Parks Management Vol. XXXV : No. 2 Spotlight on & Asia-Pacific Forestry Week Featuring APFC 22 Vol. XXII : No. 2 Contents Mutualistic Fishing Between Fishermen and Irrawaddy Dolphins in Myanmar..................................................… 1 Wetlands and Climate Change............................................ 9 Amphibian Faunal Diversity of Beraliya Mukulana Proposed Forest Reserve............................................................... 12 Dry Matter and Organic Value of Cuscus Diet in West Papua........................................................................... 17 Community-based Eco-tourism: Case study of Taman Safari Indonesia....................................................................... 21 Re-sighting of Indian or Greater False Vampire in Gujarat..… 28 REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC TIGERPAPER is a quarterly news bulletin dedicated to the exchange of information Asia-Pacific Forestry Community Gathers for Landmark relating to wildlife and national parks management for the Event in Hanoi............................................................... 1 Asia-Pacific Region. Benefits from Forestry Week Inputs................................… 6 ISSN 1014 - 2789 Parallel events: Protected areas, equity and livelihoods.............................… 9 Potential of bamboo in the Clean Development Mechanism... 11 Address Disseminating