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Given By

U. S. SlIPT. OF DOCUMENTS 3^

THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

Kyushu Airplane Company

CORPORATION REPORT NO. XV

(Airframes) uV

Aircraft Division

February 1947 \b

THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

Kyushu Airplane Company

(Kyushu Hikoki K K)

CORPORATION REPORT NO. XV

(Airframes)

Aircraft Division

Dates of Survey:

13-15 November 1945

Date of Publication:

February 1947

\A/, -, APfi 8 ,947

This report was written primarily for the use of the United States Stra- tegic Bombing Survey in the preparation of further reports of a more comprehensive nature. Any conclusions or opinions expressed in this report must be considered as limited to the specific material covered and as subject to further interpretation in the light of further studies conducted by the Survey. FOREWORD The United States Strategic Bombing Survey was establislied by the Secretary of War on 3 November 1944, pursuant to a directive from the late President Roosevelt. Its mission was to conduct an impartial and expert study of the effects of our aerial attack on Germany, to be used in connection with air attacks on Japan and to establish a basis for evaluating the importance and potentialities of air power as an instrument of military strategy for planning the future development of the United States armed forces and for determining future economic policies with respect to the national defense. A summary report and some 200 support- ing reports containing the findings of the Survey in Germany have been published. On 15 August 1945, President Truman requested that the Survey conduct a similar study of the effects of all types of air attack in the war against Japan, submitting reports in duplicate to the Secretary of War and to the Secretary of the Navy. The officers of the Survey during its Japanese phase were:

Franklin D'Olier, Chairman

Paul H. Nitze and Henry C. Alexander, Vice Chairmen

Directors Harry L. Bowman Frank A. McNamee, Jr. Monroe E. Spaght J. Kenneth Galbraith Fred Searls, Jr. Dr. Lewis R. Thompson Rensis Likert Theodore P. Wright Walter Wilds, Secretary

The Survey's complement provided for 300 civilians, 350 officers, and 500 enlisted men. The military segment of the organization was drawn from the Army to the extent of 60 percent, and from the Navy to the extent of 40 percent. Both the Army and the Navy gave the Survey all possible assistance in furnishing men, supplies, transport, and information. The Survey operated from headquarters established in Tokyo early in September 1945, with subheadquarters in Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, and with mobile teams operating in other parts of Japan, the islands of the Pacific, and the Asiatic mainland. It was possible to reconstruct much of wartime Japanese military plan- ning and execution, engagement by engagement, and campaign by cam- paign, and to secure reasonably accurate statistics on Japan's economy and war production, plant by plant, and indu.stry by industry. In addition, studies were conducted on Japan's over-all strategic plans and the back- ground of her entry into the war, the internal discussions and negotiations leading to her acceptance of unconditional surrender, the course of health and morale among the civilian population, the effectiveness of the Jap- anese civilian defense organization, and the effects of the atomic bombs. Separate reports will be issued covering each phase of the study. The Survey interrogated more than 700 Japanese military, government, and industrial officials. It also recovered and translated many documents which not only have been useful to the Survey, but also will furnish data valuable for other studies. Arrangements have been made to turn over the Survey's files to the Central Intelligence Group, through which they will be available for further examination and distribution. m TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page The Corporation and Its Importance in the Aircraft Industry 1

The Air Attacks 7

Production Statistics 7

Evaluation of Pre-attack Intelligence 7

Appendix A— Layout of the Zasshonokuma Plant facing page 8

Appendix B— Layout of the Kashii Plant 9

Appendix C— Layout of the Itazuke Plant 10

Appendix D— Organizational Table of the Kyushu Airplane Co. . . 11

Appendix E— Component Flow to Final Assembly of the Four Types of Aircraft Manufactured During 1945 .... 12

Appendix F— Graph of Employee and Manhour Trends 16

Appendix G— Indirect, Direct and Total Manhours Worked .... 17

Appendix H— List of Dispersal Locations 18

Appendix I — Map of Dispersed Sites 19

Appendix J— Table of Ordered and Actual Production 20 Appendix K— Graph of Ordered and Actual Production 21 Appendix L—Comparison of MIS Estimates with Actual Produc- tion 22

IV .

THE CORPORATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY

Introduction facture of aircraft landing wheels was decided upon as a logical beginning. The Kyushu Airplane Co. (Kyushu Hilcoki Although Watanabe's previous K K)yv&s, a significant producer of naval trainer connections had been almost entirely with the aircraft and the foremost aircraft manu- Japanese Navy, the Army was the first to place orders facturer on the island of Kyushu. During 1943 for the manufacture of landing wheels. The this firm produced about 12 percent of the Navy soon followed suit, however, and finally, total output of naval trainers but only three realizing his closer associations with this percent of the total combat planes. With the service, Watanabe in 1926 sought production of the Type reconnaissance sea- orders for the manufacture of complete aircraft with the plane, Jake, in 1941, Kyushu Airplane Co., then Naval Air Headquarters. Despite repeated known as the Watanabe Ironworks Ltd {Wata- at- tempts, orders were not forthcoming until 1929 nabe Tekkosho K K) , started assembling com- when Admiral Ando, then the chief of bat aircraft. Production of another combat Naval Air Headquarters, offered the Navy's full coopera- type, the Tokai patrol bomber, Lorna, began tion in establishing a new plant in which Wata- in September 1943. Subsequently, in June nabe was to 1945 Kyushu completed the development of the manufacture aircraft for the Navy. The site chosen for the new plant was at Zass- first of a new pusher-type naval fighter. Shin- honokuma on the southeastern outskirts of den. Only one aircraft of this type was com- Fukuoka. pleted prior to the cessation of hostilities. Plans to produce the twinjet aircraft, Kikka, were Difficulties encountered in the construction never fulfilled and no models of this Nakajima- and operation of the new plant were overcome designed aircraft were ever produced by with the help of the Navy which supplied engi- Kyushu. neers and technical specialists. Furthermore, As a producer of aircraft landing-wheel units, limited numbers of Watanabe personnel were Kyushu was second only to the firm of Oka- trained in aircraft production techniques at the moto Industries Ltd (Okamoto Kogyo K K) Sasebo naval arsenal which was then the only Wheels manufactured by Kyushu were deliv- naval arsenal in the area engaged in aircraft ered to all the principal producers of naval production. aircraft including Mitsubishi, Nakajima, Ka- Construction of the Zas.shonokuma plant wanishi, Aichi and Hitachi. (Appendix A) was completed late in 1930, and Prior to the formation of the Kyushu com- production started in 1931. A new Watanabe pany in 1943, this concern was known as the ordnance plant was built adjacent to the Zass- Watanabe Ironworks. It was founded in 1886 honokuma aircraft plant and ordnance manu- by Fukuo Watanabe. In 1919 this firm com- facture, on a larger scale than previously, was menced the manufacture of torpedo tubes and commenced at this new site in 1934. parts for the Imperial Japanese Navy at its By 1940, the site of the Zasshonokuma plant plant at Chiyomachi near Higashi park in the had been fully built up, and in order to accomo- town of Fukuoka. date additional expansion, the acquisition of construction of further Watanabe anticipated the future importance more land and the envisaged. In 1941, the Kashii of the aircraft industry. Realizing that there plants was (Appendix B) was constructed on re- was no aircraft-manufacturing activity on the plant claimed land to the northeast of Fukuoka, and island of Kyushu other than the small-scale in the following year, landing-wheel manu- production then taking place at the Sasebo facture was transferred from Zasshonokuma naval arsenal, he became determined to start a newly constructed plant at Itazuke (Appen- aircraft manufacture in a section of his iron- to

dix , one mile north of Zasshonokuma. works. During the early 1920s, when Watanabe C) started making plans for aircraft manufacture, By 1943, both the aircraft and ordnance divi- funds were not available for the anticipated sions of Watanabe had grown to such propor- assembly of complete airplanes, so the manu- tions that it was decided to create two distinct organizations. Watanabe remained as presi- dent of both, and the personnel were allotted with respect to their previous activity in the MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION manufacture either of aircraft or naval ord- nance. In October 1943. therefore, the Kyushu Ordnance Co. (Kyushu Heiki K K) and the Kyushu Airplane Co. were established. During 1944, lesser plants of Kyushu Air- plane were constructed at Setaka, 35 miles south of Fukuoka, and Karatsu. 30 miles west-south- west of Fukuoka (Fig. 1). Another small plant was built at Meinohama, 5 miles west of Fuku- oka, in 1945. The Kyushu Airplane Co.'s manufacturing facilities (Table 1) therefore, consisted of two aircraft-assembly plants, one landing-wheel plant, and three lesser parts plants. The Army, Navy and Munitions Ministry did not exei-cise a strong influence over Kyushu, whose failure to meet production orders did not arouse criticism or stricter control. A par- allel may be drawn with Japan International Aircraft Industries, Ltd (Nippon Kokusai Koku

Kogijo K K) , another firm of secondary stand- ing engaged largely in the manufacture of trainers for the Army, and whose low output was never a matter of concern to the officials of the Munitions Ministry. :

in Japan. Under this system, the various divi- spinning mill in Fukuoka city manufactured isions of the Kyushu Airplane Co. received des- Shiragiku fuselages under subcontract to the ignations as follows Kyushua Airplane Co. llfadquai-teis depaitment No. 10-'30 Owing to the lack of impetus and the rela- Zas.shonokuma plant No. 1031 tively small volume of production at all the Kashii plant No. 1032 plants of Kyushu, the production techniques No. 1033 Itazuke plant were almost without exception the "job shop" variety. Organization and Operation Although the population in the Fukuoka area The three principal plants of the Kyushu more than fulfilled the demands of Kyushu for Airplane Co. were under the administrative unskilled labor, the lack of technicians, special- control of a headquarters department located ists and skilled workers was considered a sig- at the Zasshonokuma plant (Appendix D). niffcant limitation to the achievement of This headquarters department controlled ac- maximum output. Total employment at the tivities of its six departments through the di- Kyushu Co.'s plants rose .steadily from 5,000 in rection of the president, Fukuo Watanabe, the April 1939 to 17,000 in the middle of 1943 (Ap- vice-president, Z. Yamamoto, the managing- pendix F). A small drop in employment is director, K. Ozaki, and a board of five directors evident towards the end of 1943, due to the and three auditors. These six departments conscription of a group of men for service in were responsible for general afi'airs, personal the Japanese armed forces. During 1944, how- affairs, accounting, materiel, training and med- ever, employment rose rapidly again, and with ical activities of the whole firm. The branch the utilization of student labor and soldier em- offices and agencies of Kyushu in Tokyo, Osaka, ployees in April and July 1944, respectively, Nagoya, Hiroshima, Omura, and Fusan were employment reached its height in February also under the control of this headquarters. 1945, with a total of almost 27,000 laborers. The general affairs, planning, designing and Many of the students were forced to return to production departments of the Zasshonokuma their schools during May and June 1945, caus- plant were under the control of S. Yamanari, ing a sharp drop. At the conclusion of hostili- the plant manager. Similai'ly, the general af- ties, 20,000 people were in the employ of the fairs, training, planning and production de- Kyushu Airplane Co. and by October 1945, the partments of the Kashii plant were under the figure had dropped to 1,664. jurisdiction of M. Matsuo. The Itazuke plant, Although manhour figures (Appendix G), in- relatively smaller than either of the above- dicate that the effort was almost equally divided mentioned units, and engaged only in the pro- between direct and indirect labor, officials duction of landing wheels, was divided into stated that 60 percent of all regular employees, general affairs, planning and production de- all of the soldiers, and 75 percent of the stu- partments under the direction of the plant dents were utilized in direct-production depart- manager, M. Yamada. ments of the company. Production-flow charts for the four aircraft A two-shift system was utilized in all the types being assembled by Kyushu Airplant plants and departments of the company. The during 1945 (Appendix E) show that with very hours of the day shift were from 0730 to few exceptions all subcontractors and parts sup- 1845 hours and of the night shift, from 1845 pliers were located on the island of Kyushu. to 0730 hours. Personnel on shifts were re- As the Kyushu Airplane Co. had for many versed each Sunday. decades been well established in the Kyushu With the exception of January 1942, during area, it had organized a reasonably effective which month the labor turnover was particu- group of subcontractors in the immediate vicin- larly high, the average ratio of new employees ity of its assembly plants. T-he supply of com- hired during the month to the total number of ponents, therefore, was not such a limiting employees at the beginning of that month was factor as was the case with the more recently 1 :34 for the years 1942 and 1943. This ratio established Mitsubishi No. 7 airframe works was maintained throughout 1944, with the ex- at Kumamoto. As an example, Kanegafuchi's ception of April and October of that year, dur- ing which two months an unusually large The Dispersal Program was hired to replace men number of students Plant officials of the Kyushu Airplane Co. military service. During the conscripted for realized the threat of air attacks, and planned! of 1945 the turnover was first eight months to take action in December 1944. In that month,] ratio for this period being small, the average a preliminary dispersal program was instituted, 1:74. and in addition to the movement of equipment During the months immediately following and personnel to available sites in the Fukuoka | December 1944. approximately 4.500 workers, area, buildings were removed from the Zass- or 50 per cent of the total available skilled-labor honokuma plant, and the construction of more force, was conscripted by the Army and Navy. permanent dispersal sites, both above and un- The firm was powerless to prevent this con- derground, was started. irreplaceable manpower, and the tinual drain on This plan was put into effect during the first considerable. resulting efi'ect on production was quarter of 1945. Due to the destruction by air attack of aircraft-manufacturing and air-depot Appended Plant Reports facilities at Tachiarai (20 miles SE of Fuku- oka) on 1 April 1945, the government ordered Although all the plants of the Kyushu Co., with the exception of the Setaka plant, were in- the Kyushu Airplane Co. to expedite the com- vestigated by members of the Kyushu field team pletion of its dispersal program and to modify it extensive as possible of the Aircraft Division, it was considered that the plan so as to make as there size and significance was not sufficient to and to effect the dispersal of all vital machinery justify the preparation of any individual plant and essential activity. reports. All the information supplied by com- Of the 29 principal dispersal groups to which pany officials and obtained from investigations activity was transferred (Appendix H), seven by survey personnel has therefore been included were located in schools, five partly or wholly in this corporation report. underground ; one was a forest dispersal ; and

^

group. Photo 1. Entrances to underground machine shops of the Kashii-miya dispersal the remainder were housed in newly constructed dicative of the sacrifices in production that were installations, warehouses, public halls, or any made in order to achieve maximum dispersal. requisite floor other enclosed site with the area With one exception, all dispersal was effected (photos 1-4). within a radius of 10 miles of the parent plant The decrease in output from 13o aircraft in (Appendix I). In this way difliculties encount- December 1944 to 76 aircraft in January 1945, ered in the tran-sportation of supplies and work- and the further drop to 26 in April 1945 is in- ers were kept at a minimum.

Photo 2. Dispersal from the Itazuke plant; machine shop located in forest near Ohashi. Note trees growing through center of building. 713277—4'; ~2 Photo 3. Dispersal of the Kashii plant to Wajiro showing five of about 15 entrances to incompleted tunnels.

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Photo 4. Dispersal of the Kashii plant to Wajiro showing two of a group of six hangar-type structures camouflaged with bamboo lattice-work and brush. THE AIR ATTACKS attacks on cities in Honshu had dislocated the delivery of electrical parts and other vital com- Air Attack on Plants ponents from O.saka, Nayoya and Tokyo. Kyushu Airplane None of the plants of the EVALUATION OF PRE-ATTACK of, or damaged by, air Co. was ever the targ-et INTELLIGENCE attack. Owing to the small quantity and, in most Air Attacks on Urban Areas cases, the complete lack of valid source material The Fukuoka urban area was attacked on 19 on which the production of trainer aircraft June 1945. Although 20 percent of the built-up could be estimated, MIS figures for trainer- area was destroyed as a result of this raid, com- aircraft output by Kyushu were far too high. trainer pany officials stated that minor dislocation in Although the Type 2 primary land the transportation of workers existed for only (K9WI) and the Type 2 intermediate land one day subsequent to the raid. Effects on trainer (KiOWl) went out of production in production were negligible. June 1943 and November 1942, respectively, they were each carried at the monthly rate of 10 PRODUCTION STATISTICS for January 1945. The only bases for such esti- A tabulation of production data (Appendix mates were vague documentary sources and J) shows that between April 1942 and August sightings on enemy airfields. Again, in the 1945, the company produced only 2,418 planes case of the trainer, Shiragiku, the estimate of or 53 percent of the 4,517 aircraft ordered from 100 aircraft for January 1945 was on the high were it by the Munitions Ministry. This low output side, for although 70 aircraft of this type placed the firm among- the secondary aircraft completed in December 1944, this was a false manufacturers, and it is known that the gov- peak and regular production was of the order ernment made little or no attempt to spur the of about 30-40 aircraft per month during the firm on to greater efforts. last months of 1944 and the beginning of 1945. Prior to 1939, output consisted almost com- Comparison of estimates and actual produc- pletely of trainer aircraft, these being pro- tion of combat aircraft (Appendix L) is more duced in relatively small numbers. By 1941, the favorable owing to the larger volume of infor- annual output had reached 300 aircraft, and it mation available. Estimates of Jake produc- was in this year that Kyushu completed its first tion closely paralleled actual output until April combat aircraft, the Type reconnaissance 1945, when dispersal caused a drop in produc- floatplane, Jake. Although the Type 96 fighter, tion not reflected by estimates, owing to lack Claude, had been produced since 1940, this type of photo cover and other data indicating dis- was never used extensively in the Pacific war, persal at this time. As captured ferrying being by that time considered obsolete and hav- schedules were the only sources on which esti- ing been replaced by Mitsubishi's Type mates of Lorna output could be based, graphs of fighter, Zeke, as equipment for Japanese air- estimated and actual production do not coincide craft carriers. During 1940 and 1941, the com- closely. A further comparison may be made, pany delivered 59 percent of the orders placed however, with the total number of Lorna air- by the Munitions Ministry. This general per- craft actually produced and the estimated total. centage was maintained throughout 1942, 1943 The former figure amounts to 153 and the latter and 1944 (Appendix K), but dropped sharply to 161 aircraft, an error of 5 percent. In the for pro- when the dispersal program was jut into effect case of Shinden, a total lack of basis rate to early in 1945. As a result of dispersal, output duction assessment caused an arbitrary Decem- dropped from a peak of 133 aircraft in Decem- be assigned of 3 aircraft monthly from only one air- ber 1944 to 26 in April 1945. After a slight ber 1944, to June 1945, although completed. recovery in May and June 1945, output dropped craft of this type was ever or two types of again to 18 in August 1945. Dispersal, however, With the exception of one the early 1930s, MIS was not the only factor which contributed to- trainers in production in the types of wards decreased output in 1945. The supply of information accurately covered Airplane Com- raw materials and parts was failing, and area aircraft included in Kyushu pany's output. The location and significance of to be the case. It was also known to MIS that their three principal plants were known, as was the former Kanegafuchi Industries Ltd {Kan- the system used in transporting test flights and egafuchi Jitsugyo K K) spinning mill in Fuku- acceptances. Although it was thought by MIS oka had been taken over by Kyushu Airplane that Mitsubishi had a share in the control of Co. for the manufacturer of components and the Kyushu Airplane Co., this did not turn out subassemblies. Buildint) Pton KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT August 1945

Dotted lines indicate buildings removed prior to ttiis dote

Kay to buildings Shed metol shop Heat treotment ond plohng shop EKpermentol porls qnd sub -osstmbly shop

Exper I mentol Shop Wind tu nnel

Heal ifeotment shop Pgrtsyfinishing shop Xnperimentol ossembly s hop Glen(EI4YI)fmol Ass embly sh op BTied Tfom which compleled oircroft were dispatched lo Soitozoki oirfiekl by truck ond bullock-corl. Storage fof empty pocking coses

Joke IE IT&I ) wing assembly shop Joke(E'3 AljTrnoT o sse mbly" shop Machine shop_ Shiroq ikutKIIWZlwrng~~~' ~ "o"s5 mSiy shop 15?^ng 7? ^Fieet melgT por ls shop Heat treotmefil ond ploting shop Wing assembly (Monutocture of Belty Sloroqe (G4M2)wings under sub- controct to Mitsubishi)

Sheet metql po rts shop ^ JokTIETSfiiyfuseloge as sembly shop Shiraqiku{KllW21tuselage and fmolossamb. 35 T'onsfo'mer^ sto iTon 35

Forging shop

Irrigotion Ditch

Irrigation Ditch

US.STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY AIRCRAFT DIVISION KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO.

APPENDIX A r 3 co

1 BUILDING PLAN. KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO., ITAZUKE PLANT LAYOUT AS OF AUGUST 1945 KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION HEADQUARTERS Gsierol affair* ' tm««tlgation president; - Tronspof+oticci Fulaio Watonobe GENERAL affairs: -Gu

ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT | General affairs - Accounting ' Wages - Contraction GENERAL AFFAIRS:- -Lobor - Welfare — Transportotion — Guord Hospital

PIANT manager: — Plonning S. Yamanori Pushing PLANNING - - Materiel Technical Inspection EuusinessBusiness DESIGNING Planning

No's I ond2 designing

- - PRODUCTION No's I 7 Branch Corps. J

KASHII PLANT Genial offoirs Accounting — Contraction -Utxx GENERAL AFFAIRS; -Welfare - Transportation manager: -Guard PLAm - Hospital M. Matsuo — Business I TRAINING school: —I— Training

I— Designing Plonning PLANNING ' Technical - Materiel - Mochnery Inspection production: ' Nas 1-4 Branch Corps.

ITAZUKE PLANT

Generol affairs I— GENERAL AFFRKe -I— L*or - Hospital PLANT manager: M.Ytnnda Pkxnng PLANNING :- - Materiel US STRATEGIC BOMBWG SURVEY '— Inspection production: No's 1-4 Bronch Corps KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO.

APPENDIX

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Q

s FLOW OF SHIRAGIKU COMPONENTS AND PARTS TO FINAL ASSEMBLY

r-^o,.,Aor^ KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. FUSELAGE FORWARD ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. OUDSUB-ASSEMBLYMOOiLiviDi_i KANE6AFUCHI INDUSTRIES IN FUKUOKA ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT DISPERSAL TO NAGATARE AREA (SHOP NO. 64) SANYO AIRCRAFT CO. AT KANEGAFUCHI INDUSTRIES YATSUSHIRO, KUMAMOTO IN FUKUOKA CITY REAR (ALUMINUM FUSELAGES) SUB-ASSEMBLY JOHOKU AIRCRAFT CO. AT YAMAGA.KUMATVIOTO (WOODEN FUSELAGES) TAIL

ASAHI AIRCRAFT CO. AT KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. STABILIZERS ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT OKAWA, FUKUOKA DISPERSAL TO IWATO AREA (SHOP NO. 65) MINAMI KYUSHU AIRCRAFT ELEVATORS SHIRAGIKU MATSUBASE, KUMAMOTO CO. FINAL ASSEMBLY JOHOKU AIRCRAFT CO. KYUSHU AIR- FIN PLANE CO YAMAGA, KUMAMOTO DISPERSAL FROM ZASS- HONOKUMA PLANT TO TOGAMi ELECTRIC CO. WINGS IWATO AREA RUDDER (SHOP Na65) SAGA FURUSHU AIRPLANE CO. AT KUMAMOTO KURASHIKI AIRCRAFT TATARA WORKS CHEMICAL CO. AT FLAPS OKAYAMA FUTSUKAICHI

NISHIHARA IRON WORKS AILERONS ENGINE KATAKASU HITACHI AIRCRAFT CO. TOKYO

MITSUBISHI LIGHT METAL CO. FUEL AT OSAKA TAKATA ALUMINUM CO. TANKS OSAKA

OIL MOTOMURA AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES TANKS AT MUROKI, FUKUOKA

LANDING OKAMOTO INDUSTRIES LTD. GEAR NAGOYA

ELECTRICAL TOGAMI ELECTRIC CO. U.S.STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY PARTS AT SAGA KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. APPENDIX E3

14 FLOW OF KIKKA COMPONENTS AND PARTS TO FINAL ASSEMBLY

FORWARD FUKUOKA IRON WORKS AT HAKOZAKI KYUSHU airplane CO. SUBASSEMBLY at aoki and imajuku FUSELAGE CENTER KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT fukuoka steel works SUBASSEMBLY fukuoka steel wks. at shirakibaru at shirakibaru

REAR MATSUI WORKS IN FUKUOKA SUBASSEMBLY

KYUSHU airplane CO.

STABILIZER goto aircraft works in fukuoka DISPERSAL AT AOKI, TAIL

IMAYAMA AND IMAJUKU KIKKA ELEVATOR tatara works at futsukaichi FINAL ASSEMBLY KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. ZASSHONOKUMA PLANT FIN KANEGAFUCHI industries LTD. IN FUKUOKA DISPERSALS AT IMAYAMA AND KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. IMAJUKU

RUDDER T06AMI electric works at sasa WING DISPERSALS AT

AOKI, IMAJUKU OUTER WING NITTO AIRCRAFT CO. AT OGI, SAGA ASSEMBLY PREFECTURE

TATARA WORKS FLAPS AT FUTSUKAICMI SASEBO NAVAL ARSENAL NNER WINg'<^^"'J airplane CQ AT AOKI AND IMAJUKUH TURBINE SUBASSEMBtYpuKUOKA STEEL MITSUBISHI NITTO AIRCRAFT CO. JET AILERONS AT OGI, SAOA ENGINE NAGASAKI PERFEOTURE SHIPYARDS

FUEL TANKS nishihara aircraft co.

OIL TANKS FUKUI WORKS AT ONOMURA NEAR FUKUOKA

KAYABA WORKS LANDING GEAR USUKI WORKS AT OITA

ELECTRICAL PARTS togami electric go at saga U.S.STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO. APPENDIX E 4

15

DISPERSAL FROM THE PLANTS OF THE KYUSHU AIRPLANE CO.

DISPERSAL FROM THE ZAjSHONOKUMA_a^ffl- NO OFSfTE ONATTACHEI MAP KASUGA AREA ANTOKU AREA IWATO AREA NAGATARE AREA IMAYAMA AREA MEINOHAMA AREA SHIHAN AREA NAKA AREA OTOGANE AREA YAMAGUCHI AREA HARUDA AREA SETAKA AREA KASHIIMIYA AREA 14 WAJIRO AREA 15 WAJIRO AREA 16 SAITOZAKI AREA 17 OHASHI AREA 18 ROJI AREA LOCATION OF 19 IWATO AREA 20 KASUGA AREA DISPERSAL SITES OF 21 KASUGA AREA 22 NAKA AREA THE THREE PRINCIPAL 23 SHUYU AREA 24 ONO AREA 25 MIZUKI AREA KYUSHU AIRPLANE 26 DAZAIFU AREA 27 YAMAGUCHI AREA PLANTS 28 FUTSUKAICHI AREA 29 OHASHI AREA DETAILS OF EACH DISPERSAL SITE STED U.S.STRATEGC BOMBING BY NUMBER IN APPENDIX. KYUSHU AIRPLANE

APPENDIX I

19 M

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CO 21 ^ UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY LIST OF REPORTS

The following is a bibliography of reports resulting l(i Mittel-Deutsche Motorenwerke G m b H, Taucha, from the Survey's studies of the European and Pacific Germany wars. Certain of these reports may be purchased from 17 Bavarian Motor Works Inc, Eisenach & Durrer- he Superintendent of Documents at the Government hof, Germany Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 18 Bayerische Motorenwerke A G (BMW) Munich, Germany 19 Henschel Flugmotorenwerke, Kassel, Germany European War Light Melal Branch OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN 20 Light Metals Industry ( Part I, Aluminum of Germany /Part II, Magnesium 1 The United States Strategic Bombing Survey: 21 Vereinigte Deutsche Metallweike, Hildesheim, War) Summary Report (European Germany 2 The United States Strategic Bombing Survey: 22 Metallgussgesellschaft GmbH, Leipzig, Ger- (European War) Over-all Report many 3 The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German 23 Aluminiumwerk G m b H, Plant No. 2, Bitterfeld, War Economy Germany 24 Gebrueder Giulini G m h H, Ludwigshafen, Ger- many AIRCRAFT DIVISION 25 Luftschiffbau Zeppelin G m b H, Friedrichshafen (By Division and Branch) on Bodensee, Germany 4 Aircraft Division Industry Report 26 Wieland Werke A G, Ulm, Germany Leichmetallgiessereien, 5 Inspection Visits to Various Targets (Special 27 Rudolph Rautenbach So- Report) lingen, Germany 28 Lippewerke Vereinigte Aluminiumwerke A G, Lunen, Germany Airframes Branch 29 Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke, Heddernheim, Germany 6 Junkers Aircraft and Aero Engine Works, Des- 30 Duerener Metallwerke A G, Duren Wittenau- sau, Germany Berlin & Waren, Germany 7 Erla Maschinenwerke GmbH, Heiterblick, Germany AREA STUDIES DIVISION 8 A T G Maschinenbau, GmbH, Leipzig (Mockau), Area Studies Division Report Germany 31 32 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing 9 Gothaer Waggonfabrik, A G, Gotha, Germany on Hamburg 10 Focke Wulf Aircraft Plant, Bremen, Germany 33 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing Over-all Report on Wuppertal Part A 34 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing Part B on Dusseldorf Appendices I, II, III i 35 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing 12 Dornier Works, Friedrichshafen & Munich, Ger- on Solingen many 36 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing 13 Gerhard Fieseler Werke G m b H, Kassel, Ger- on Remscheid many 37 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing 14 Wiener Neustaedter Flugzeugwerke, Wiener Neu- on Darmstadt stadt, Austria 38 A Detailed Study of the Effects of Area Bombing on Lubeck Brief of the Effects of Area Bombing on Aero Engines Branch 39 A Study Berlin, Augsburg, Bochum, Leipzig, Hagen, 15 Bussing NAG Flugmotorenwerke GmbH, Bruns- Dortmund, Oberhausen, Schweinfurt, and wick, Germany Bremen 23 CIVILIAN DEFENSE DIVISION 67 Coking Plant Report No. 1, Sections A, B, C, & D 68 Gutehoffnungshuette, Oberhausen, Germany 40 Civilian Defense Division—Final Report 69- Friedrich-Alfred Huette, Rheinhausen, Germany 41 Cologne Field Report 70 Neunkirchen Eisenwerke A G, Neunkirchen, Ger- 42 Bonn Field Report many 43 Hanover Field Report 71 Reichswerke Hermann Goering A G, Hallendorf, 44 Hamburg Field Report—Vol I, Text; Vol II, Ex- Germany hibits 72 August Thyssen Huette A G, Hamborn, Germany 45 Bad Oldsloe Field Report 73 Friedrich Krupp A G, Borbeck Plant, Essen, Ger- 46 Augsburg Field Report many 47 Reception Areas in Bavaria, Germany 74 Dortmund Hoerder Huettenverein, A G, Dort- mund, Germany EQUIPMENT DIVISION 75 Hoesch A G, Dortmund, Germany Electrical Branch 76 Bochumer Verein fuer Gusstahlfabrikation A G, Bochum, Germany 48 German Electrical Equipment Industry Report 49 Brown Boveri et Cie, Mannheim Kafertal, Ger- Motor Vehicles and Tanks Branch many 77 German Motor Vehicles Industry Report Optical and Precision Instrument Branch 78 Tank Industry Report 79 Daimler Benz A G, Unterturkheim, Germany 50 Optical and Precision Instrument Industry Report 80 Renault Motor Vehicles Plant, Billancourt, Paris Abrasives Branch 81 Adam Opel, Russelsheim, Germany 82 Daimler Benz.-Gaggenau Works, Gaggenau, Ger- 51 The German Abrasive Industry many Schmidt, Offenbach on Main, Germany 52 Mayer and 83 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg, Nurnberg, Anti-Friction Branch Germany 84 Auto Union A G, Chemnitz and Zwickau, Germany 53 The German Anti-Friction Bearings Industry 85 Henschel & Sohn, Kassel, Germany 86 Maybach Motor Works, Friedrichshafen, Germany Machine Tools Branch 87 Voigtlander, Maschinenfabrik A G, Plauen, Ger- 54 Machine Tools & Machinery as Capital Equip- many ment 88 Volkswagenwerke, Fallersleben, Germany 55 Machine Tool Industry in Germany 89 Bussing NAG, Brunswick, Germany 56 Herman Kolb Co, Cologne, Germany 90 Muehlenbau Industrie A G (Miag) Brunswick, 57 Collet and Engelhard, Offenbach, Germany Germany 58 Naxos Union, Frankfort on Main, Germany 91 Friedrich Krupp Grusonwerke, Magdeburg, Ger- many MILITARY ANALYSIS DIVISION Submarine Branch 59 The Defeat of the German Air Force Industry Report 60 V-Weapons (Crossbow) Campaign 92 German Submarine Augsburg-Nurnberg A G, Augs- 61 Air Force Rate of Operation 93 Maschinenfabrik 62 Weather Factors in Combat Bombardment Op- burg, Germany Shipyards, Hamburg, Germany erations in the European Theatre 94 Blohm and Voss Kiel, Germany 63 Bombing Accuracy, USAAF Heavy and Medium 95 Deutschewerke A G, Schiff und Maschinenbau, Bremen, Ger- Bombers in the ETO 96 Deutsche 64 Description of RAF Bombing many Germaniawerft, Kiel, Germany 64a The Impact of the Allied Air Effort on German 97 Friedrich Krupp 98 Howaldtswerke A G, Hamburg, Germany Logistics ^ 99 Sulimarine Assembly Shelter, Farge, Germany MORALE DIVISION 100 Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack, Germany

64b The Effects of Strategic Bombing on German Ordnance Branch Morale (Vol I & Vol II) 101 Ordnance Industry Report Medical Branch 102 Friedrich Krupp Grusonwerke A G Magdeburg, Germany 65 The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical 103 Bochumer Verein fuer Gusstahlfabrikation A Gj Care in Germany Bochum, Germany MUNITIONS DIVISION 104 Henschel & Sohn, Kassel, Germany 105 Rheinmetall-Borsig, Dusseldorf, Germany Heavy Industry Branch 106 Hermann Goering Werke, Braunschweig, Hallen- 66 The Coking Industry Report on Germany dorf, Germany

24 — p7 Hannoverische Maschinenbau, Hanover, Germany Gross National Product \Special papers P8 Gusstahlfabrik Friedrich Krupp, Essen, Gei'many Kriegseilberichte which together Herman Goering Works comprise the OIL DIVISION Food and Agriculture above report 134a Industrial Sales Output and Productivity 09 Oil Division, Final Report 10 Oil Division, Final Report, Appendix PHYSICAL DAMAGE DIVISION 11 Powder, Explosives, Special Rockets and Jet Pro- 134b Physical Damage Division pellants. War Gases and Smoke Acid (Minis- Report (ETO) 135 Villacoublay Airdrome, Paris, terial Report #1) France 136 Railroad Repair Yards, Malines, Belgium il2 Underground and Dispersal Plants in Greater Germany 137 Railroad Repair Yards, Louvain, Belgium 138 Railroad Repair Yaids, Hasselt, Belgium 13 The German Oil Industry, Ministerial Report 139 Railroad Repair Team 78 Yards, Namur, Belgium 140 Submarine Pens, Brest, France 14 Ministerial Report on Chemicals 141 Powder Plant, Angouleme, France Plant, Oil Branch 142 Powder Bergerac, France 143 Coking Plants, Montigny & Liege, Belgium 15 Ammoniakwerke Merseburg GmbH, Leuna, 144 Fort St. Blaise Verdun Group, Metz, France Germany—2 Appendices 145 Gnome et Rhone, Limoges, France Braunkohle Benzin A G, Zeitz and Bohlen, Ger- 146 Michelin Tire Factory, Clermont-Ferrand, France many 147 Gnome et Rhone Aero Engine Factory, Le Mans, Wintershall A G, Luetzkendorf, Germany France 17 Ludwigshafen-Oppau Works of I G Farbenin- 148 Kugelfischer Bearing Ball Plant, Ebelsbach, Ger- dustrie A G, Ludwigshafen, Germany many Ruhroel Hydrogenation Plant, Bottrop-Boy Ger- 149 Louis Breguet Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France many, Vol I, Vol II 150 S. N. C. A. S. E. Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France

19 Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Harburg 151 A. I. A. Aircraft Plant, Toulouse, France Refinery, Hamburg, Germany 152 V Weapons in London Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Grasbrook 153 City Area of Krefeld Refinery, Hamburg, Germany 154 Public Air Raid Shelters in Germany Rhenania Ossag Mineraloelwerke A G, Wilhelms- 155 Goldenberg Thermal Electric Power Station, burg Refinery, Hamburg, Germany Knapsack, Germany ;22 Gewerkschaft Victor, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany, 156 Brauweiler Transformer & Switching Station, Vol I & Vol II Brauweiler, Germany 23 Europaeische Tanklager und Transport A G, 157 Storage Depot, Nahbollenbach, Germany Hamburg, Germany 158 Railway and Road Bridge, Bad Munster, Germany 24 Ebano Asphalt Werke A G, Harburg Refinery, 159 Railway Bridge, Eller, Germany Hamburg, Germany 160 Gustloff-Werke Weimar, Weimar, Germany 25 Meerbeck Rheinpreussen Synthetic Oil Plant 161 Henschell & Sohn G m b H, Kassel, Germany Vol I & Vol II 162 Area Survey at Pirmasens, Germany 163 Hanomag, Hanover, Germany Rubber Branch 164 MAN Werke Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany 165 Friedrich Krupp A G, Essen, Germany Deutsche Dunlop Gummi Co., Hanau on Main, 166 Erla Maschinenwerke, GmbH, Heiterblick, Ger- Germany many Continental Gummiwerke, Hanover, Germany 167 A T G Maschinenbau G m b H, Mockau, Germany Huels Synthetic Rubber Plant 168 Erla Maschinenwerke GmbH, Mockau, Germany Ministerial Report on German Rubber Industry 169 Bayerische Motorenwerke, Durrerhof, Germany 170 Mittel-Deutsche Motorenwerke G m b H, Taucha, Propellants Branch Germany Elektrochemischewerke, Munich, Germany 171 Submarine Pens Deutsche-Werft, Hamburg, Ger- Schoenebeck Explosive Plant, Lignose SprengstoflF many Werke GmbH, Bad Salzemen, Germany 172 Multi-Storied Structures, Hamburg, Germany Continental Gummiwerke, Hanover, Germany Plants of Dynamit A G, Vormal, Alfred Nobel & 173 Marshalling Yards, Kassel, Germany Co, Troisdorf, Clausthal, Drummel and Dune- 174 Kassel berg, Germany 175 Ammoniawerke, Merseburg-Leuna, Germany 176 Brown Boveri et Cie, Mannheim, Kafertal, Ger- Deutsche Sprengchemie GmbH, Krailburg, Germany many 177 Adam Opel A G, Russelsheim, Germany OVER-ALL ECONOMIC EFFECTS DIVISION 178 Daimler-Benz A G, Unterturkheim, Germany 179 Valentin Submarine Assembly, Farge, Germany 34 Over-all Economic Effects Division Report 180 Volkswaggonwerke, Fallersleben, Germany 25 181 Railway Viaduct at Bielefeld, Germany 10 Summary Report Covering Air Raid ProtectionI

182 Ship Yards Howaldtswerke, Hamburg, Germany and Allied Subjects in Japan , 183 Blohm and Voss Shipyards, Hamburg, Germany 11 Final Report Covering Air Raid Protection and! 184 Daimler-Benz A G, Mannheim, Germany Allied Subjects in Japan 185 Synthetic Oil Plant, Meerbeck-Hamburg, Germany 186 Gewerkschaft Victor, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany Medical Division 187 Klockner Humboldt Deutz, Ulm, Germany 12 The effects of Bombing on Health and Medical 188 Ruhroel Hydrogenation Plant, Bottrop-Boy, Ger- Services in Japan many 13 The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Health and Med- 189 Neukirchen Eisenwerke A G, Neukirchen, Ger- ical Services in Hiroshima and Nagasaki many li)0 Railway Viaduct at Altenbecken, Germany Morale Division 191 Railway Viaduct at Arnsburg, Germany 192 Deurag-Nerag Refineries, Misburg, Germany 14 The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japanese 193 Fire Raids on German Cities Morale 194 I G Farbenindustrie, Ludwigshafen, Germany, ECONOMIC STUDIES Vol I & Vol II 195 Roundhouse in Marshalling Yard, Ulm, Germany Aircraft Division 196 I G Farbendustrie, Leverkusen, Germany Aircraft Industry 197 Chemische-Werke, Huels, Germany 15 The Japanese 198 Gremberg Marshalling Yard, Gremberg, Germany 16 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Corporation Report No. I 199 Locomotive Shops and Bridges at Hamm, Germany (Mitsubishi Jukogyo KK) TRANSPORTATION DIVISION (Airframes & Engines) 17 Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd. 200 The effects of Strategic Bombing on Gei-man Corporation Report No. II Transportation (Nakajima Hikoki KK) 201 Rail Operations Over the Brenner Pass (Airframes & Engines) 202 Effects of Bombing on Railroad Installations in Kawanishi Aircraft Company Regensburg, Nurnberg and Munich Divisions. Corporation Report No. Ill 203 German Locomotive Industry During the War (Kawanishi Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha 204 German Military Railroad Traffic (Airframes) 19 Kawasaki Aircraft Industries Company, Inc. UTILITIES DIVISION Corporation Report No. IV

205 German Electric Utilities Industry Report (Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo Kabushik Kaisha) 206 1 to 10 in Vol I "Utilities Division Plant Reports" 207 11 to 20 in Vol II "Utilities Division Plant Re- (Airframes & Engines) ports" Aichi Aircraft Company 208 21 Rheinische-Westfalische Elektrizitaetswerk A G Corporation Report No. V (Aichi Kokuki KK) Pacific War (Airframes & Engines) 21 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Propeller Division OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN Corporation Report No. VI (Sumitomo Puroper; 1 Summary Report (Pacific War) Kinzoku Kogyo KK, 2 Japan's Struggle to End The War Seizosho) 3 The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and (Propellers) Nagasaki 22 Hitachi Aircraft Company Corporation Report No. VII CIVILIAN STUDIES (Hitachi Kokuki KK) (Airframes & Engines) Civilian Defense Division 23 Japan International Air Industries, Ltd. Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and Corporation Report No. VIII Allied Subjects, Tokyo, Japan (Nippon Kokusai Koku Kogyo KK) Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and (Airframes) Allied Subjects, Nagasaki, Japan Japan Musical Instrument Manufacturing Com Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and pany Allied Subjects, Kyoto, Japan Corporation Report No. IX Field Reports Covering Air Raid Protection and (Nippon Gakki Seizo KK) Allied Subjects, Kobe, Japan (Propellers) Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and 25 Tachikawa Aircraft Company Allied Subjects, Osaka, Japan Corporation Report No. X Field Report Covering Air Raid Protection and (Tachikawa Hikoki KK) Allied Subjects, Hiroshima, Japan— No. 1 (Airframes) 26 16 Fuji Airplane Company 47 Japanese Motor Vehicle Industry Corporation Report No. XI 48 Japanese Merchant Shipbuilding (Fuji Hilvoki KK) (Airframes) Oil and Chemical Division 17 Showa Airplane Company 49 Chemicals in Japan's War Corporation Report No. XII 50 Chemicals in Japan's War—Appendix (Showa Hikoki Kogyo KK) 51 Oil in Japan's War (Airframes) 52 Oil in Japan's War—Appendix Ishikawajima Aircraft Industries Company, Ltd. Corporation Report No. XIII Over-all Economic Effects Division (Ishikawajima Koku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha) 53 The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan's War Economy (Including Appendix ( Engines) A: U. S. Eco- Nippon Airplane Company nomic Intelligence on Japan—Analysis and Corporation Report No. XIV Comparison; Appendix B: Gross National Pro- (Nippon Hikoki KK) duct on Japan and Its Components; Appendix (Airframes) C: Statistical Sources). to Kyushu Airplane Company Transportation Division Corporation Report No. XV (Kyushu Hikoki KK) 54 The War Against Japanese Transportation, 1941- (Airframes) 1945 Shoda Engineering Company Corpoi-ation Report No. XVI Urban Areas Division (Shoda Seisakujo) 55 Effects of Air Attack on Japanese Urban Economy (Components) (Summary Report) Mitaka Airci'aft Industries 56 Effects of Air Attack on Urban Complex Tokyo- Corporation Report No. XVII Kawasaki-Yokohama (Mitaka Koku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha) 57 Effects of Air Attack on the City of Nagoya (Components) 58 Effects of Air Attack on Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Nissan Automobile Company 59 Effects of Air Attack on the City of Nagasaki Corporation Report No. XVIII 60 Effects of Air Attack on the City of Hiroshima (Nissan Jidosha KK) (Engines) MILITARY STUDIES Army Air Arsenal & Navy Air Depots Military Analysis Corporation Report No. XIX Division (Airframes and Engines) 61 Air Forces Allied with the United States in the Japan Aircraft Underground War Against Japan Report No. XX 62 Japanese Air Power 63 Japanese Air Weapons and Tactics Basic Materials Division 64 The Effect of Air Action on Japanese Ground 6 Coal and Metals in Japan's War Economy Army Logistics 65 Employment of Forces Under the Southwest Capital Goods, Equipment and Construction Division Pacific Command 66 The Strategic Air Operations of Very Heavy 7 The Japanese Construction Industry Bom- bardment in the War Against Japan (Twentieth 8 Japanese Electrical Equipment Air Force) 9 The Japanese Machine Building Industry 67 Air Operations in China, Burma, India—World Electric Power Division War II 68 The Air Transport Command in the War Against The Electric Power Industry of Japan Japan 1 The Electric Power Industry of Japan (Plant Pve- 69 The Thirteenth Air Force in the War Against ports) Japan 70 The Seventh and Eleventh Air Forces in the War Manpower, Food and Civilian Supplies Division Against Japan 71 The Fifth Air Force in the Against The Japanese Wartime Standard of Living and War Japan Utilization of Manpower Naval Analysis Division Military Supplies Division 72 The Interrogations of Japanese Officials (Vols. I Japanese War Production Industries and II) Japanese Naval Ordnance 73 Campaigns of the Pacific War Japanese Army Ordnance 74 The Reduction of Wake Island Japanese Naval Shipbuilding 75 The Allied Campaign Against Rabaul

27 Maloe- 93 Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki, Japan 76 The American Campaign Against Wotje, on III) 94 Effects of the Four Thousand Pound Bomb lap, Mille. and Jaluit (Vols. I, II and Japanese Targets (a Report on Five Incidents) 77 The Reduction of Truk Against 95 Effects of Two Thousand, One Thousand, and Five 78 The Oflfensive Mine Laying Campaign Pound Bombs on Japanese Targets (a Japan Hundred Report on Eight Incidents) 79 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party- Physical Damage in Japan (Sum- Foreword, Introduction, Conclusions, and Gen- 96 A Report on mary Report) eral Summary Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- 80 G-2 Division closure A), Kamaishi Area Party (En- 81 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey 97 Japanese Military and Naval Intelligence closure B), Hamamatsu Area 98 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in (En- 82 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party Japanese Homeland, Part I, Comprehensive Re closure C), Hitachi Area port Party (En- 83 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey 99 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th closure D), Hakodate Area Japanese Homeland, Part II, Airfields Party ( En- 84 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey 100 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th< closure E), Muroran Area Japanese Homeland, Part III, Computed Boml 85 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Plotting closure F), Shimizu Area 101 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th( 86 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Japanese Homeland, Part IV, Urban Area Anal Nojima- closures G and H), Shionomi-Saki and ysis. Saki Areas 102 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th( 87 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Japanese Homeland, Part V, Camouflage Effectiveness closure I), Comments and Data on 103 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in thi of Ammunition Japanese Homeland, Part VI, Shippiyig (En- 88 Report of Ships Bombardment Survey Party 104 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th Accuracy of , and Data on closure J ) Comments Japanese Homeland, Part VII, Electronics Firing 105 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in th 89 Reports of Ships Bombardment Survey Party (En- Japanese Homeland, Part VIII, Beach lutein Bombardments closure K), Effects of Surface gence I on Japanese War Potential 106 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the' Japanese Homeland, Part IX Artillery Physical Damage Division 107 Evaluation of Photographic Intelligence in the Homeland, Part X, Roads and Rail- 90 Effect of the Incendiary Bomb Attacks on Japan Japanese roads (a Report on Eight Cities) Photographic Intelligence in the 91 The Effects of the Ten Thousand Pound Bomb on 108 Evaluation of XI, Industrial Anal- Japanese Targets (a Report on Nine Incidents) Japanese Homeland, Part .92 Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan ysis

ir U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1947—713277

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