Outrage Over Detention of Ll-Year-Olds
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ANGOLA ZAMBIA Ovausciland RHODESIA BOTSWANA SOUTH
4 • • ANGOLA ZAMBIA OvAUSCILAND : AV ANOO RHODESIA BOTSWANA SWAKOPMUND, • WINDHOEK WALVIS BAY LUDERITZ SOUTH AFRICA NAMIBIA IN OUTLINE Formerly known as South West Africa, Namibia was officially renamed in June 1968 by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. On 27 October 1966, the UN formally assumed direct responsibility amibia for Namibia after unilaterally revoking the Mandate over the territory granted to South Africa by the League of Nations in 1920. However, the UN has so far been unable to translate this formal responsibility into effective control. South Africa refuses to recognize UN authority 1. Introduction in Namibia and continues to administer the country. Amnesty International is particularly concerned about the following issues in A relatively large but sparsely populated country, Namibia has a Namibia: total land area of some 825,000 square kilometers. It is strategically located in the south-western corner of Africa and is bordered on the the widespread use of detention without trial to suppress political west by the Atlantic Ocean. Neighbours to the north are Angola and opposition and intimidate opponents of continued South African rule Zambia, to the east Botswana, and to the south and east South Africa. in Namibia; Walvis Bay, the main port, is a South African enclave. the torture of political detainees; In 1974, Namibia's population was estimated at 852,000. Africans the application to Namibia of various South African security laws such comprised 88%, the whites constituted the remaining 12%. as the Terrorism Act, the Internal Security Act and the "Sabotage Act"; Despite this extreme racial imbalance, 43% of Namibia's land area the imprisonment in South African—rather than in Namibian—prisons is reserved for occupation by the white settler minority under South of Namibians convicted of political offences, and the South African Africa's 1964 Odendaal Commission proposals. -
Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title Directory: African Liberation Movements and Support Groups Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/85p33873 Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 3(2) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Berman, Sanford Publication Date 1972 DOI 10.5070/F732016403 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California -171- DII{CfORY: AFRICAN LIBERATIOO r1MltNTS AND SIFffiRT ---GIUPS*· by Sanford Berman (Ed. Note: Both this Directory and the Spring 1972 Bib Ziogrc:q;hy, "African Liberation Movements 11 (Vo Z. III, No. 1) will be regularly updated by the compiler in future issues. Additions and corrections should be directed to the Compiler, c/o UFAHAMU.) AFRICAN LIBERATIOO fiMI'fNTS Frente Nacional de Libertacao de Angola (FNLA/Angolan National -Liberation Front)§ ·- Founded in 1962 by merger of Uniao dos Populacoes de Angola (UPA) and Partido Democratico Angolano (PDA). Established Governo Revolucionario de Angola no Exilio (GRAE/Angolan Revolutionary Government in Exile) 1962. Leader and GRAE Premier: Holden Roberto. Zaire Republic: Ministere de l'Information, Planet Economie, G.R.A.E., B.P. 1320, Kinshasa. Organ: Actualites (no. 3 dated March 1971). §[Recognized by the O.A.U.] *Dates in parentheses f ollowing periodical titles repre sent first year of pubZication. The abbreviation "AIP" indicates that a full list of material may be found in the 2nd ed. of Alternatives in Print (Columbus, Ohio: Office of Educational Services, Ohio State University Libraries, 1972). -172- Movimento _PopuZar de Libertaaao de AngoZa (MPLA/PeopZe's Movement for the Liberation of AngoZa/Mouvement PopuZaire pour Za Liberation de Z'AngoZa)§ - Founded 10 Dec. -
Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation. an Exiled Namibian
Journal of Namibian Studies, 23 (2018): 101 – 123 ISSN: 2197-5523 (online) Thinking and writing liberation politics – a review article of: Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation . An Exiled Namibian Activist’s Perspective André du Pisani* Abstract Thinking and Writing Liberation Politics is a review article of: Hans Beukes, Long Road to Liberation. An Exiled Namibian Activist’s Perspective; with an introduction by Professor Mburumba Kerina, Johannesburg, Porcupine Press, 2014. 376 pages, appendices, photographs, index of names. ISBN: 978-1-920609-71-9. The article argues that Long Road to Liberation , being a rich, diverse, uneven memoir of an exiled Namibian activist, offers a sobering and critical account of the limits of liberation politics, of the legacies of a protracted struggle to bring Namibia to independence and of the imprint the struggle left on the political terrain of the independent state. But, it remains the perspective of an individual activist, who on account of his personal experiences and long absence from the country of his birth, at times, paints a fairly superficial picture of many internal events in the country. The protracted diplomatic-, political- and liberation struggle that culminated in the independence of Namibia in March 1990, has attracted a crop of publications written from different perspectives. This has produced many competing narratives. It would be fair to say that many of the books published over the last decade or so, differ in their range, quality and usefulness to researchers and the reading public at large. This observation also holds for memoirs, a genre of writing that is most demanding, for it requires brutal honesty, the ability to truthfully recall and engage with events that can traverse several decades. -
Transitions in Namibia Which Changes for Whom?
Transitions in Namibia Which Changes for Whom? Edited by Henning Melber NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UPPSALA 2007 Cover: The restored steam tractor outside the coastal town of Swakop- mund was made in Germany and brought to the country in 1896. It should replace ox wagons as a means of transport in the further colonization of Namibia’s interior. The 2.8 tons heavy machine in need of lots of water never managed it through the sands of the Namib desert. The local colonizers named it after the German reformer Martin Luther, who in 1521 had declared: “Here I stand – may God help me. I can not otherwise.” Today a national monument and put behind glass, Namibia’s “Martin Luther” remains an early symbol for the failure of grand visions. Indexing terms: Social change Economic change Cultural change Political development Liberation Decentralization Gender relations International relations Economic and social development Post-independence Namibia Cover photos: Henning Melber Language checking: Peter Colenbrander © The authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2007 ISBN 978-91-7106-582-7 Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab AB, Stockholm 2007 Table of Contents Preface ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Henning Melber Transitions in Namibia – Namibia in transition An introductory overview ………………………………………………………… 7 Christopher Saunders History and the armed struggle From anti-colonial propaganda to ‘patriotic history’? ……… 13 Phanuel Kaapama Commercial land reforms in postcolonial Namibia What happened to liberation struggle rhetoric? ………………… 29 Herbert -
REPORT UNITED NATIONS COUNCIL for Nal\1IBIA
""'~'~'-_ -.--.~.~._--_.~._-~,-~ ~ ~_.~-.",-,~-~,",,-,_.~_ ~ ,-~ -"""-~'--'~~"~:-'~'~-~-::~:::;-~.:,,~="_~~~~::-=-'::"::==::-:::",:':-~--'-':.- ~~ ~~._-~.>~--~----~--==.:.:-.::~~~::.~:;--T:~;:~"~.::~~=,:::""~:-:.:~':,.,._:'7:-:::::',::J=:~~:.~::~=::':;'¡f:.~~~~;~~i";¡~~- -.-~...".....,-•..• _ _~ ,.~ _.•~~..•.,,_ •. , ,,__~~ " ••••'.·•._,T,~....• _""•• __,_.•,._ _. ~~ _._ .... ... .< W-'" .. .. ',_" , REPORT OF THE UNITED NATIONS COUNCIL FOR NAl\1IBIA VOLUME 1 GENERAL ASSEMBLV 'OFFIGIAL RECORDS: TWENTY-NINTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 24 IA/96'241) ¡ :1 ,í í" \ UNITED NATIONS p. ) REPORT OF THE I UNITED NATIONS COUNCIL \ ¡ , FOR NAMIBIA, VOLUME 1 '1 ¡, GENERAL ASSEMBLV OFFICIAL RECORDS: TWENTY-NINTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 24 (A/9624) UNITED NATIONS New York, 1974 I 'J I' LETTER O) INTRODUC~ PART ONE NOTE l. POL: Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capitalletters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations documento A. The present volume contains the report of the United Nations Council for Namibia I'j B. covering the period from 2S September 1973 to 16 August 1974. Annexes 1to VII to the i! report appear in volume 11. An addendum to the report, covering the period from 17 August to 11 October 1974, appears inSupplement No. 24A (A/9624/Add.l). C. 11. ACT: CON: A. B. c. 111. LEG A. B. PART TWO l. EXPI PRE A. B. C. D. LOrigin~l: Eng1ish7 A~ I :'; II. 11 l.! t CONTENTS I ~{ A. "1 I Pr.rarrephs Pare f 1 B. vi LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL • • • • •• •• ••• • •• •• • • · . ... • • • C. INTRODUCTION . ...... ... ~ . • • • • 1 - 6 1 III. AC PART ONE: SITUATION IN NAMIBIA '1 A. 1. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS •• • • •• •• • • •• 7 98 2 · . · .. 1 B. A. General political situation •.•.•.••.•• o 7 - 16 2 B. -
Towards 'Culture, the Foundation of a Nation': the Shifting Politics and Aest
Journal of Namibian Studies, 18 (2015): 21 – 35 ISSN 2197-5523 (online) From ‘to die a tribe and be born a nation’ towards ‘culture, the foundation of a nation’: the shifting politics and aesthetics of Namibian nationalism Heike Becker* Abstract Namibia’s postcolonial nationalist imaginary is by no means homogeneous. Overall, however, it is conspicuous that as Namibia celebrates her twenty-fifth anniversary of independence, national identity is no longer defined primarily through the common history of the liberation struggle but through the tolerant accommodation, even wholehearted celebration, of cultural difference. This article attempts to understand the shifting politics and aesthetics of Namibian nationalism from two interconnected angles. On the one hand, it takes a historical perspective; it looks into shifting discourses and practices of nationalism over the past century, starting from the anti- colonial resistance at the turn to the 20th century through to the twenty-fifth anniversary of Namibian independence. On the other hand, the article investigates the cultural redefinition of the bonds between the Namibian people(s), which has been a significant aspect of the constructions of postcolonial Namibian nationhood and citizenship. The argument highlights urban social life and cultural expression and the links between everyday life and political mobilization. It thereby emphasizes the nationalist activism of the developing Black urban culture of the post-World War II era and the internal urban social movements of the 1980s. Introduction Namibia’s long-deferred independence, when it finally happened, was delayed by a further quarter of an hour. UN Secretary General Perez de Cuelhar was still giving his speech when all across the country church bells rang in the new era at midnight of 21 March 1990. -
REGISTRATUR AA. 3 (Enlarged and Revised Edition)
REGISTRATUR AA. 3 (Enlarged and Revised Edition) 2 REGISTRATUR AA. 3 (Enlarged and Revised Edition) GUIDE TO THE SWAPO COLLECTION IN THE BASLER AFRIKA BIBLIOGRAPHIEN Compiled by Giorgio Miescher Published by Basler Afrika Bibliographien Namibia Resource Centre & Southern Africa Library 2006 3 © 2006 Basler Afrika Bibliographien Publisher: Basler Afrika Bibliographien P.O.Box 2037 CH 4001 Basel Switzerland http://www.baslerafrika.ch All rights reserved Printed by Typoprint (Pty) Ltd, Windhoek, Republic of Namibia ISBN 3-905141-89-2 4 List of Contents I The General Archives of the Basler Afrika Bibliographien 7 II Introduction to the enlarged and revised edition 9 Changing archiving pattern since 1994 10 Collections of SWAPO material scattered around the world 12 The BAB SWAPO collection and its institutional context 14 Researching the history of SWAPO (and the liberation struggle) 16 Sources to write the history of SWAPO and the liberation struggle 20 III How to work with this Archival Guide 22 Structure of organisation 22 Classification system of the SWAPO collection 22 List of abbreviations 24 IV Inventory AA. 3 25 before 1966 from SWAPO 27 1966 about SWAPO 28 1968 from SWAPO 29 1969 from/about SWAPO 30 1970 from/about SWAPO 32 1971 from/about SWAPO 34 1972 from/about SWAPO 37 1973 from/about SWAPO 42 1974 from/about SWAPO 45 1975 from/about SWAPO 50 1976 from/about SWAPO 56 1977 from/about SWAPO 64 1978 from/about SWAPO 72 1979 from/about SWAPO 82 1980 from/about SWAPO 88 1981 from/about SWAPO 100 1982 from/about SWAPO 113 1983 from/about -
United Nations Council for Namibia - General
UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 161 Date 06/06/2006 Time 11:29:28 AM S-0902-0008-01-00001 Expanded Number S-0902-0008-01 -00001 Title |tems-in-Africa - Question of Namibia - UN organs and sponsored activities - United Nations Council for Namibia - general Date Created 08/05/1972 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0902-0008: Peacekeeping - Africa 1963-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES TIONS. N. Y. 10017 REFERENCE: 22fB.4cimi.ber 1972 ~ Dear Sir, At its 164th meeting, the United Nations Council for Namibia requested me to draw your attention to the fact that, according to newspaper reports, and in spite of assurances given to your Representative whilst in South Africa, the South African authorities have undertaken mass police action resulting in the arrest of 10? Ovambos. At the same time, Members of the Council also requested me to d raw your attention to newspaper reports in which it was stated that the Advisory Council suggested by South Africa to your Representative, has been rejected by the Namibian leaders, Accept_, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration. Osman OLGAY President United Nations Council for Namibia The Secretary-General United Nations New York. Enc. / can Peoples Democratic Organisa- tion (N4PDO). •-'.-.-. \". : The m.u party aims at one united independent South West Africa; national unity among fh9 peoples of South West Africa; "WINDHOEK: South West Afri- pointed by • the United Nations day's meeting as historical, being interim administration of South ca's non-White political leaders and approved by the Namibians." the 13th anniversary of that fate- West Africa by the United Na- yesterday unanimously rejected • " At the .conclusion of the meet- ful clash. -
Memory Sites
WAR, MEMORY, MYTH AND HISTORY MEMORY SITES Journal Cas Novak HIS220 – Winter 2018 Table of Contents GREECE.....................................................................................................................................8 Battle of Thermopylae.............................................................................................................8 Site......................................................................................................................................8 Date....................................................................................................................................8 Location..............................................................................................................................8 Combatants........................................................................................................................8 Purpose..............................................................................................................................8 As A Site of History.............................................................................................................9 Interesting Facts About the Site.......................................................................................10 As A Site of Memory.........................................................................................................10 As A Site of Contested Memory........................................................................................15 Your Concluding -
Internal Developments Under Administrator‐General Appointed
Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume XXIV, January, 1978 South West Africa, Namibia, Page 28789 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Internal Developments under Administrator‐General appointed by South Africa ‐ Deadlock in Five Western Powers' Negotiations on Constitutional Settlement ‐ Other Related Developments Mr Justice Marthinus Steyn, whom the South African Government had, on July 6, 1977, appointed as Administrator-General of South West Africa, took office in Windhoek (the territory's capital) on Sept. 1 with powers "to make laws by proclamation in the Official Gazette of the Territory of South West Africa, for that territory, and in any such law to repeal or amend any legal provision" applying to the territory or connected with its administration (as gazetted in South Africa on Aug. 19). Mr Vorster, the South African Prime Minister, had announced on Aug. 9 that Mr B. J. van der Walt, the Administrator of South West Africa, would vacate his post by Sept. 30, and the post of Mr Jannie de Wet as Commissioner-General for the Indigenous Peoples of South West Africa similarly came to an end during that month. On Sept. 28 it was officially announced in South Africa that the representation of the territory's White voters in the South African Parliament (by six members of the House of Assembly and four of the Senate) had ended–as already foreshadowed by Mr Vorster in his announcement of Sept. 20 concerning the holding of parliamentary and provincial elections in South Africa [see page 28665]. In accordance with decisions previously taken by the Turnhalle constitutional conference [see also page 28366 ] and agreed to by the South African Government, Mr Steyn proceeded to end racial discrimination and other restrictions in the territory while gradually taking over its administration. -
South African Accept
Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume XXIV, June, 1978 South West Africa, Namibia, Page 29039 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Continued Preparations for Election of Constituent Assembly - South African Acceptance of Five Western Powers' Proposals for Transitional Period - Internal Unrest -South African Military Operations - UN Security Council Warning against Further South African Incursions into Angola During December 1977 and January 1978 Mr Justice Marthinus T. Steyn, the Administrator-General of South West Africa appointed by the South African Government [see 28789 A; page 28498], took further measures with the objective of creating a suitable climate in which elections could be held on the basis of one man, one vote for a constituent assembly which would evolve a constitution for an independent Namibia. Mr Steyn announced on Dec. 12 that as from January 1978 the system of separate "Bantu" education would be repealed in the territory and that all population groups would be "educated under one country-wide curriculum". As for the general dismantling of apartheid, Mr Steyn said on Dec. 24 that he had no authority to repeal all apartheid practices but only those which were "an impediment to free political association". On Jan. 12 Mr Steyn announced that municipal elections which would normally have been due would be suspended in view of the proposed general elections for a constituent assembly. On Jan. 30 Mr Steyn took over control of the administration of the Department of Mines from the South African authorities. Mr M. D. J. Steenkamp, a South African acting judge, was on Jan. -
A Personal Account of Dr Alfred M Escher's Visit to South West Africa
A Visit to South West Africa David Tothill Foreword by Dr Lorna Lloyd PO Box 32813 Glenstantia 0010 Pretoria South Africa Copyright © David Tothill 2008 ISBN: 978-0-620-41650-4 2 In memory of Hilgard Muller and Brand Fourie. 3 Acknowledgements I am grateful to Sir Brian Barder, formerly of Her Majesty’s Diplomatic Service, and to Dr Lorna Lloyd for their comments. DT 4 Foreword Dr Tothill’s scholarly articles on the making and execution of apartheid South Africa’s foreign policy are amongst the most useful on the subject. Now he takes us into the inner workings of the Republic’s diplomacy, through his 1972 record of, and contemporary thoughts on, a United Nations mission to Namibia (which he accompanied as the representative of the Department of Foreign Affairs). In so doing, he treats us to a fascinating example of what a former senior UN official described as South Africa’s apparently schizophrenic way of facing its problems: on the one hand agreeing in principle that the problem must be solved, on the other putting every possible obstacle in the way of solving it.1 South Africa was courteous to its unwelcome visitors, overcoming its instinct to conceal rather than reveal, and more or less letting them see what and whom they wanted. However, Dr Alfred Escher (the Swiss ambassador who headed the mission, and was the personal representative of the UN Secretary-General, Dr Kurt Waldheim) often spoke and behaved offensively to his hosts. His failure to guard his tongue and, on one occasion, his appearance at a semi-formal municipal reception (‘jacketless in an open-neck shirt, khaki trousers and black shoes’)2 was strange behaviour for a supposedly ‘able and experienced diplomat’.3 Even odder was his ignorance of not just Namibia but Africa, the United Nations, and key provisions of the UN Charter.