Photo: Nelson Mandela Foundation/Debbie Yazbek In honour of

a legend A Publication of

WHEN ICONS MET … Namibian struggle icon Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo and former President of South Africa Nelson Rolihlahla ‘Madiba’ Mandela spent years together on Robben Island as political prisoners. The photo was taken on 6 May 2010 when Ya Toivo visited Mandela at his office. Page | 2 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Foreword

WAPO lawmaker Kazenambo Ka- ia have overlooked Ya Toivo in the many labour system and then to agitate for the Hardened, perhaps, but if he was embit- zenambo is given to easy outbursts expensive accolades showered on a few of total freedom of its citizens. tered, Ya Toivo has done a very good job not Sof emotions. But he is hardly a their leaders, we, at The Namibian, were For someone who has achieved so much, to show it to his former enemies and com- rabble-rouser. In fact, while most politi- still shocked when founding President Sam Ya Toivo is modest if you follow what he rades alike. cians evoke rhetoric to whip up fervour for Nujoma pointedly declined a request for a says in this supplement and what he has He has continued to play no small part in personal expediency, Kazenambo often lets tribute to Ya Toivo in this publication. said since his activism became public in the shaping Namibia as a democratic country, rip at his own expense. Thus, his outbursts We still do not know what to make of it 1950s. but has done so quietly and with humility. cannot be dismissed as the calculated rants and can only hope our first President was Even his apartheid enemies, while vilify- We can only refer you to another of his of a politician. ill-advised. ing him, would not denegrade his status in messages contained in this publication as he It was thus telling when in April this year The Nelson Mandela Foundation jumped the push for the independence of then South turns 90. KK took a swipe at his own party, Swapo, at the opportunity to honour Ya Toivo on his West Africa. “To the youth and students, I ask you to for not treating the founder of their party, 90 th birthday, saying Madiba himself would Unclassified intelligence files of the apart- dedicate yourself to hard work and to strug- Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, with the have gone to great lengths to acknowledge heid regime refer to Ya Toivo as a “martyr gle against selfishness and greed. Be honest respect he deserves. the feats of his fellow Robben Island pris- leader”, a “very good orator” with an above and stay focused… The struggle to develop Kazenambo was joined by another of the oner, whom he described as a “formidable average intelligence. our beloved Namibia and to share its wealth ruling party’s younger leaders, Peya Mush- freedom fighter”. One part states: “Ya Toivo has since his among all of our people will take longer elenga, in lamenting that the former liber- President Hifikepunye Pohamba delivered incarceration (on Robben Island) not relent- than the political struggle, but where there is ation movement has hugely underplayed his part like a statesman would. ed his anti-white point of view. He is surly, a will, there is always a way.” Ya Toivo’s place in the country’s freedom. Long-term comrades and friends of Ya moody and shows no respect or cooperation. This supplement is our contribution to Mushelenga, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Toivo added their voices to celebrate what is He refuses to communicate with any official Namibia and Namibians, so that we remem- Affairs, complained that Ya Toivo was more undoubtedly another milestone in the life of and his general behaviour is poor. He does ber what drove our forebears and continue to revered in South Africa than in his country, an icon. not summit to any authority and is unsatis- strive for freedom and justice with care for for which he probably suffered more at No living Namibian could possibly claim fied to be in held in a SouthA frican prison. fellow human beings and the environment the hands of the apartheid regime than any to have played a more pivotal role in the His general prognosis can be described that we live in. Swapo leader could claim. liberation of Namibia at the time when as bad and there is no question about any Despite the undercurrents of why Swapo Ya Toivo led a few others to first form an form of rehabilitation. He is embittered and Tangeni Amupadhi and the government of independent Namib- organisation to oppose the slavish migrant hardened.” Editor

A message from Andimba Toivo ya Toivo

Dear comrades and friends

am grateful to be given this opportunity to greet you on my 90th birthday. I most Isincerely thank the Namibian people for the outpouring of love and best wishes that you have showered on me as I approached this milestone. I am proud to be part of a generation of HOME SWEET HOME … men and women who were able to achieve Andimba Toivo ya Toivo is the noble goal that we set for ourselves: to seen kissing the Namibian liberate our motherland and to restore our soil upon his return in dignity as equal members of the human 1989. To his left is the late family. We followed in the footsteps of our Swapo Party chairman David Meroro. brave ancestors, who were prepared to sacri- fice their lives to challenge foreign domina- tion and oppression. The key to our success was that we succeeded to unite the peoples of our land in a common vision. Out of the darkest era emerged the beautiful idea that we are all Namibians. Inspired by this idea, we reached Photo: The Namibian Archives the first goal of our struggle: an independent and sovereign Namibia. This is the foun- dation on which we must build in order to achieve the well-being of our people. In the recent weeks, many have asked me how I managed to survive repeated deten- tions, torture and imprisonment. I can only say that I vowed to myself not to allow my commitment. We must hold hands with our To the youth and students, I ask you struggle, but where there is a will, there is oppressors, torturers and captors to defeat brothers and sisters not only in Namibia, but to dedicate yourself to hard work and to always a way. me. I had no doubt that we would succeed. across the globe, to reach this goal. struggle against selfishness and greed. Be I am a believer in the Namibian people: Namibians are not losers. I knew that I was I am a happy person today because the gift honest and stay focused. Listen to the advice that once we set out to do something, there not alone and we were not alone in our of long life has enabled me to enjoy the In- of your parents. We need you to develop is no doubt we will succeed - no matter what struggle. We knew that the decent people of dependence of the Land of the Brave for the yourselves and to excel as professionals, ac- happens. the world were on our side. past 24 years. Many of those who wanted ademics, artisans, entrepreneurs and public I thank my family, and again I thank the I am confident that the succeeding gen- to destroy me physically and mentally have servants in order to make our country the entire Namibian nation for the support and erations will have the courage to dedicate passed on, but I am still here. I continue best place to live in the world. love that you have given me. themselves to the next phase of our struggle: to exercise every morning and to work to The struggle to develop our beloved to end poverty and inequality. This noble achieve my set objectives every day. I urge Namibia and to share its wealth among all of Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo goal can also be achieved through unity and the young people to follow this example. our people will take longer than the political 22 August 2014

THE special supplement was compiled in honour and as a tribute by The Namibian Copyright: newspaper to the 90th birthday of Namibian struggle hero and political icon Herman The Free Press of Namibia (Pty) Ltd. Andimba Toivo ya Toivo. Coordination of articles was done by Christof Maletsky while advertising was under the Strategic Publications Department. Layout and This special supplement can also be accessed on our design by Charlton de Waal. Published by the Free Press of Namibia (Pty) Ltd. website at www.namibian.com.na Page | 3 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

SPECIAL FRIENDS … Andimba Toivo ya Toi- vo’s relationship with the former Editor of The Namibian, Gwen Lister, dates back to years before independence of Namibia. As a result, the two meet from time to time and when Ya Toivo retired from active politics he took up the challenge of being an editor of the paper for one day.

Photos: Tanja Bause and Sheefeni Nikodemus

For Andimba at 90 From humble roots in Omangundu the young man that was you dreamed of liberation to get your country back. In a journey spanning decades moving mountains for a cause, and inspiring many to do the same. Defiant in the dock along with compatriots you berated the colonisers who responded with draconian ire. When you look back do you miss the camaraderie you shared on the Island? Do you revisit the hopes and dreams you had as you stared out to sea to think of home as it might be, when free? Did you ever wonder if the sacrifice would be in vain? Yet they called you ‘terrorist’ and banished you to a rocky outcrop because you spoke out against the intruders who cruelly subjected a country, a people. And even there (prisoner in a foreign land) and in a lonely cell after torture, interrogation, incarceration, they could not break your spirit with their blows. Though they blacked out the windows so you could not see the sun, still you refused to bow. When they said ‘South West Africa’ you retorted with ‘Namibia’ and stood your ground. ‘Formidable freedom fighter’ was how Mandela spoke of your resolve. Though guns and guards and metal bars kept you distant the thought of you inspired us all. And when your day of liberty came on a dusty March day on home soil in Katutura your light and spirit showed you had overcome, and won your per- sonal fight against apartheid. Then the world wanted to see you and I marvelled at your humility on other shores when they honoured you with rousing cheers in Harlem and you made me stand up too. Then came a time when a young man’s dream came true: a country too, was free. And as you take time now for reverie, and contemplation of all that was and is and could have been. Remind us to remember – icon that you are - what it was all about. That we may never forget why we wanted what we did: from a free people must come a goodness for and in us all.

From Gwen Page | 4 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

TOASTING TO GOOD HEALTH ... Namibia’s liberation struggle icon Andimba Toivo ya Toivo toasting with First Lady Penehupifo Pohamba and Pres- ident Hifikepunye Pohamba during the Head of State’s new year greetings at State House in 2012.

Nampa

Tribute to Comrade Andimba Toivo ya Toivo on the Special Occasion of His 90th Birthday Anniversary by H.E. Hifikepunye Pohamba, President of the Republic of Namibia

t is a great honour for me to pay tribute needed unwavering and principled freedom when our human dignity is restored to us, On the occasion of his 90th birthday anni- to Comrade Herman Andimba Toivo fighters, who were ready to stand their as equals of the whites, will there be peace versary, I take this opportunity, on behalf of Iya Toivo on the auspicious occasion of ground in the face of unrelenting attacks and between us.” the government and people of the Republic his 90th birthday anniversary celebration. threats to their personal safety by the colo- These words demonstrate not only cour- of Namibia, my family and indeed on my Comrade Ya Toivo is one of the stalwarts of nial regime. Andimba Toivo ya Toivo is one age, but the character of a man who was own behalf, to wish Comrade Ya Toivo a Namibia’s national liberation struggle. In of such leaders. He personifies courage and ready to give up everything for the sake of happy birthday celebration. We congratu- the late 1950s, he played a crucial role as steadfast commitment to the cause. the freedom and independence of his Moth- late you and your family on this important a founder member, in fact the main force, During the trial at which Ya Toivo and his erland. milestone and wish you many happy returns. behind the creation of OPO, the forerunner co-accused were sentenced to imprisonment, Throughout his life, both before and after Yours has been an exemplary life. A blessed of Swapo. he articulated the fundamental principles as the attainment of our freedom and independ- life. And, a life well-lived. Once again, For his strong beliefs and convictions, a dedicated freedom fighter. I would like ence, Comrade Ya Toivo has made immense congratulations. he endured arrest, imprisonment, detention to quote a few sentences from the statement contributions to our nation and its history. and harassment at the hands of the colonial he made from the dock during the trial. He His work as a senior government minister authorities. He was among many Namibian said “I am a loyal Namibian and I could not in various portfolios, founding member of freedom fighters who were incarcerated in betray my people to their enemies. I admit parliament and as a community leader has the notorious Robben Island Prison, where that I decided to assist those who had taken been exemplary and greatly enriched our he was jailed for 16 years, enduring long up arms. I know that the struggle will be nation. Over the years, he distinguished periods of solitary confinement and other long and bitter. I also know that my people himself as a leader of strong character, with forms of harsh treatment. will wage that struggle, whatever the cost. an indomitable spirit and unwavering belief The struggle for Namibia’s independence Only when we are granted our independence in the power of justice, equality and dignity Hifikepunye Pohamba required leaders with nerves of steel. It will the struggle stop.” He continued. “Only of all human beings. President

Without your relentless contribution to the Independence of Namibia, we would not be enjoying the freedom, especially freedom of expression and the media, to allow us to keep on “telling it like it is” Page | 5 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

ON THE ISLAND ... Andimba Toivo ya Toivo (second from left) with some of the political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela (left), and a security officer (right) at Robben Island in 1977. Photo: National Archives of South Africa. From the Nelson Mandela Foundation

Quite militant”. you know, to speak, to have the condi- This is how Nelson Mandela once tions of his people improved – and that “described Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, we thought he should play a more active with whom he spent around ten years in role in that regard.” the same section on Robben Island. While Ya Toivo and his comrades from Two years after he was released, Namibia were on Robben Island from Madiba recalled Ya Toivo in a conversa- early 1968, they were brought to the pun- tion with Richard Stengel, who collab- ishment section in May 1971. orated with him on his autobiography Madiba and his comrades got to hear ‘Long Walk to Freedom’. “He was quite that the Namibians had embarked on a militant,” Madiba said. “He wanted very hunger strike because of their isolation little to do with whites, with the ward- and started their own in solidarity. ers.” At the time the prison was run by the While the other Namibian prisoners notorious commanding officer colonel were briefly held in what became known Piet Badenhorst, and conditions were as the ‘punishment’ wing of the prison, Ya brutal. Toivo was the only one with Madiba and The solidarity hunger strike angered the other comrades in B Section. B Section warders, who on 28 May 1971 embarked was one arm of a U-shaped construction, on a raid of B Section. Madiba and his while the ‘punishment’ section formed the comrades were stripped and made to other, placing them parallel to each other. stand in the icy winter night for some time For most of their time on Robben Island, while their cells were searched. They only the other Namibians were held in the stopped their tormenting when Govan communal cells, known as D Section. Mbeki collapsed. The next day Madiba Photo: Family Album In an extensive series of recorded and his comrades heard that the Namib- conversations, which are housed in the ians had been beaten up. Ya Toivo, who CLOSE TIES … Even though both Ya Toivo and Mandela retired from active politics, the Nelson Mandela Foundation’s archive Madiba called in his autobiography, “a two struggle icons and their families remained in close contact. The photo was taken in Johannesburg, Madiba detailed the formidable freedom fighter,” had hit back during one of the visits of the Toivo family to the Mandelas. system which graded all prisoners into and knocked down a warder. privilege-related rungs. The system Madiba left Robben Island on 31 March started at D Group for all prisoners and 1982, two years before Ya Toivo was went all the way up to A Group which released after having served 16 years of allowed for the most privileges such as a 20 year sentence. In his famous rejec- having contact visits and being allowed tion on 10 February 1985 of President to buy groceries. He said that while some PW Botha’s offer to release him if he people “behaved very well” in order to renounced violence, Madiba, who had TOGETHER AS ONE be promoted, Ya Toivo was different. then served 22 years in jail, said, through … Andimba Toivo ya “Andimba was not concerned about his daughter Zindzi: “Only free men Toivo, former President that,” Madiba said. “He didn’t care to can negotiate. Prisoners cannot enter of South Africa Nelson be promoted and he wouldn’t cooper- into contracts. Herman Toivo ya Toivo, Mandela and apartheid ate with the authorities at all in almost when freed, never gave any undertaking, activist Denis Goldberg everything.” nor was he called upon to do so.” After in Mandela’s office on 6 “We did persuade him that he has his release from prison in 1990 Madi- May 2010. many people there who want to be ba stayed in touch with Ya Toivo who looked after – because his people were visited him at both his home and office Photo: Nelson Mandela in D Section and we felt it was his duty, in recent years. Foundation/Debbie Yazbek Page | 6 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

I thought we were going to meet to discuss our US solidarity work with Swapo, but he got right to the point, as he usually does, expressing his attraction to me and proposed that we start seeing each other on Through thick and thin a personal basis. – Vicki

• YVONNE AMUKWAYA mother. My husband had three small boys living with him-- two were his sister’s sons and N UNEXPECTED encounter, while the other was a boy whom he had taken in as a on their way to an Angela Davis rally small child in Angola. We were soon joined by Ain the mid-80s in New York, eventually Kuku Nashikoto Elizabeth Malima, Andimba’s led to a lifelong commitment for Vicki Eren- mother”. stein (now Ya Toivo) and Andimba Toivo ya As the wife of a prominent political figure, Toivo. Mrs Ya Toivo tackled her role as a mother, wife, The couple met in 1984, just seven months career woman and then later also as an active after Andimba ya Toivo was released from Rob- community and school board member. ben Island Prison, while he was in New York to “My husband is very hardworking, and in attend the United Nations General Assembly. the early days, he travelled a lot both within Mrs Ya Toivo had invited Lucia Hamutenya, a Namibia and abroad, as Minister of Mines and Namibian friend who worked at the office of Energy. Before I started working, I accompa- the UN Commissioner for Namibia, to attend a nied him on some of his local trips to the mines. rally to be addressed by Angela Davis, a com- In addition, we travelled frequently with the munist leader, university lecturer and former boys to the North on weekends to visit family political prisoner. Her friend asked if she could and friends.” bring two Namibian friends along. When the girls were eight months old, the Then a labour lawyer and political activist, couple travelled to the United States to visit her Vicki Erenstein was working closely with the family in different states, and also went to Cuba ANC and Swapo. Ya Toivo was no stranger for three days on the same trip. They travelled when she met him. Recalling their first meet- alone with the girls, and cared for them them- ing, Mrs Ya Toivo said: “As Andimba climbed selves. into the car, I was in shock. He was well-known Mrs Ya Toivo tried to ensure that the family to me, since we had been campaigning for his spent as much time together under the very freedom. I just could not believe that I was demanding circumstances of her husband’s actually meeting him.” A Namibian graduate schedule. She introduced into his life the ritual student, Leake Hangala, accompanied him. of an annual family vacation at the end of the Thereafter the two met by chance at the year. The couple managed to take a one-month Swapo office and at a UN reception, just Photo: Henry van Rooi vacation with the children almost every year, exchanging greetings. However, one day, a sec- mainly in Namibia, but also in Cape Town, retary in the Swapo office in New York phoned GROOVE … Andimba and Vicki on the dance floor shortly after the and while her brother was alive, in the US. Her her on behalf of Ya Toivo and invited her to City of Windhoek renamed a street in his honour. Several towns in husband also accompanied her to New York in meet him. Namibia have named streets after him with the most recent one 2005 when she ran the New York marathon for “I thought we were going to meet to discuss being Katima Mulilo. the first time. our US solidarity work with Swapo, but he got She said that while the Namibian people in right to the point, as he usually does, express- best to keep contact.” the election campaign and the actual election. general have a high degree of respect for Ya ing his attraction to me and proposed that we Taking a further stroll down memory lane, While in Windhoek, she spent as much time Toivo, there were times when rumours were start seeing each other on a personal basis. The Mrs Ya Toivo glowed as she shared the story of with her fiancé as possible. They decided that spread or unpleasant things appeared in the chemistry was too strong to resist,” shared Mrs her first African dress. they would marry at the time of independence. papers about her. But she had been counselled Ya Toivo. “I agreed that we could meet socially “I was phoned on a very hot day to retrieve a “We wanted to get married on Independence by one of her husband’s former Robben Island in order to get to know each other, but request- parcel from the Swapo office, which was not far Day but Andimba had too many responsibilities Prison colleagues before marriage, who told ed to keep our relationship between the two from the offices of my law firm. Andimba had and there was no time. We ended up getting her that the attacks on her were actually efforts of us,” she continued. Mrs Ya Toivo said the sent me an African dress that he had purchased married a week after independence at the Mag- to discredit her husband. “He had told me that reason for this was simply because he was an in Zimbabwe. As soon as I opened my parcel, istrate’s Court.” these things were political and that in poli- important political figure and she was a prom- I changed clothes and marched back to my From then onwards, it was only a question tics these things happen. We never took them inent activist and that she did not want to be office proudly wearing my new (and very cool) of when she would be able to move to Namibia personally.” relegated to the role of simply being a leader’s African dress.” permanently. However, it was not an easy time. Mrs Ya Toivo, who described her husband “girlfriend”. While many couples know that they are “My father had just passed away in 1989 as a courageous politician with integrity and “On his visits, I tried to show him the won- bound to spend the rest of their lives together, and my mother was very ill at the time that we the friendliest person in Namibia, said that her ders and the daily life of New York through my Mrs Ya Toivo said, “I did not enter the relation- married. My brother, who was not married, be- husband’s dream of liberating his motherland eyes. We spent most of our time just walking ship with the view that we would marry. But as came critically ill while my mother was on her has been achieved but that the struggle still in the streets and stopping here and there. You we grew closer and closer, I knew that I wanted deathbed. I had to be with them.” Thus, Mrs Ya continues. should understand that these were dangerous to spend the rest of my life with him. We Toivo could not move to Namibia immediately. “My husband’s primary mission was to times for liberation fighters, and some were decided that we would marry at an appropriate “My mother passed away while my brother was liberate his motherland. He is happy and proud targeted for assassination. During his first visit, time and would live together in an independent in the intensive care unit, on life support. He re- that this was achieved. However, he envisag- he did not have a bodyguard, but Swapo soon Namibia.” mained in a critical condition for a period of six es a longer struggle to achieve the economic asked someone to accompany him when he “In 1989, the Communist Party of the months, but managed miraculously to survive emancipation and well-being of all Namibians,” went out. We nevertheless did our best to find Soviet Union had invited Andimba for a rest and to live for another 10 years! I was able to she said. ways to be alone, and sometimes sneaked out programme at a sanatorium. Andimba got move to Namibia, in August 1991, only after he “Andimba represents important values that on our own.” The couple spent their first years permission to take me along. We decided that completed a long period of rehabilitation. ” are crucial to the achievement of Namibia’s in a long-distance relationship. we would try to get married during this visit. By the time Mrs Ya Toivo moved permanent- goals. As a politician, he has been courageous The next time the two met was in Luanda, We met in Moscow and had thorough medical ly to Namibia, she already had 18 years of legal and selfless and has demonstrated integrity, Angola, in 1985, where Mrs Ya Toivo had been checkups, followed by a visit of about 14 days practice in New York. She said that when she humility and great commitment to his people. invited by the Organisation of Angolan Women to a sanatorium in the Crimea on the Black Sea came to Namibia, she had the idea of contrib- These are qualities that need to be promoted (OMA) after attending the United National and to Kiev. It was amazing. It was like having uting to the development of the nation as a and that the youth should emulate.” Conference for Women in Nairobi. a honeymoon before our wedding,” reminisced lawyer, but many people took it for granted that She said that throughout his life her husband She said their long distance relationship was Mrs Ya Toivo. she was going to be a housewife. has promoted solidarity among Namibia’s quite challenging. The couple expressed their desire to marry “I had a hard time finding employment, even different ethnic groups and tolerance of dif- “We met whenever we could, in the US, and to the director of the sanatorium, and he agreed with my academic qualifications and years of fering ideas, adding that he also attaches great once in London. Fortunately, Andimba came happily to make the arrangements, including experience in legal practice, and Andimba is importance to international solidarity. “He has back to the United States periodically to attend a small reception. However, shortly before the not a man to use his position to obtain personal dedicated his life to the service of people and the General Assembly, for a speaking tour, and scheduled date, the couple was informed that favours,” she shared. She finally was appointed he’s given an example that others should try to to attend solidarity conferences. Andimba was the wedding could not be arranged because to a position in the Attorney-General’s office live up to in their own ways.” determined to maintain contact,” she said. they could not comply with the Soviet Union’s approximately 10 months after settling perma- Asked how the journey has been, Mrs Ya “He would phone occasionally, but frequent- legal requirements for marriage within the time nently in Windhoek. Toivo said, “It has been rich, adventurous, ly sent postcards and letters from wherever he period of their stay. In 1993, the couple were blessed with twin challenging and has had its ups and downs, was in the world. I probably had the highest The two were able to meet later in the same daughters, Mutaleni and Nashikoto, whom they but mostly, it has been wonderful. I have been phone bill in New York at that time because of year, in Namibia, when Mrs Ya Toivo was part raised with their three adopted children. part of something wonderful and so have our my too frequent calls to Luanda. So we did our of a group of lawyers who came to observe “When I moved here, I was instantly a children.” Page | 7 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

Mutaleni’s tribute to Papa

They say you are humble, kind, ferent duties in order to live life to and for your life lessons! I do not funny, generous, giving, a pillar of the fullest. You are someone who know if a simple ‘thank you’ hon- strength, a river of wisdom, and doesn’t give up on what you want ours all you have done, but at this think about others before consider- to achieve and so far in life, I have point in time, that is all I can say. ing yourself. The list goes on, but been trying to do the same. I may Although you may be turning 90 in my opinion, words cannot fully not want to follow in your footsteps years old, I feel as though you have describe your true essence. directly, but I do believe I portray the energy – physically and mental- As my father, friend and educator, your qualities and good abilities, ly – of someone in their 40s. I am ecstatic and blessed to have which are followed though in my been given and continue to be given personality and being. I just wanted to say HAPPY the purest fruits from your knowl- I am so honored and thankful to BIRTHDAY PAPA!! I hope you en- edge because it shows all your qual- call you my Papa. joy all the earlier events to celebrate ities, and everything else that cannot I really could not have asked for your upcoming 90th birthday. May be explained verbally, such as the a better father. You and my moth- you have an amazing and unforget- sacrifices you have made to make er are a true blessing in my life. I table day filled with OL VE from all sure that your children be given the look up to you two because I want walks of life, friends and family. best you can afford. to achieve great things just like the You have taught me so much over both of you have. Both of you have I WILL ALWAYS LOVE the past years and I continue to learn given me an unforgettable number YOU PAPA! Andimba, I hope to have the privilege of having from you each and every day. You of memories that I will cherish for make sure that we learn to give back the rest of my life. I cannot wait to Hugs, kisses and LOVE from your you at our side for many years to come. Keep it what we can because not everyone create many more moments with last-born daughter, up. is as privileged as we are. You also you. I love you both dearly. – Vicki make sure that we know our dif- Thank you so much for everything Mutaleni ya Toivo

A tribute to my father

A man revered who sacrificed the majori- in the process we have created wonderful Photo: The Namibian Archives ty of his life in order to liberate his country memories. from South Africa. A man who endured the Throughout my life I have always appre- THE FAMILY … Andimba and Vicki with their daughters Nashikoto (left) and Mutaleni tortures and brutality of the Apartheid Era. ciated my parents and have over the years (right). They have also raised several other family children. A man whom many consider to be a hero, come to understand how privileged my some even refer to him as the “silent hero”. sister and I are. ‘Papa’ faces all challenges A politician he once was, humble and head-on; even if it means being in the line charismatic in his own way. That is all most of fire. A workaholic to say the least, he To my husband Andimba people get to see. I, on the other hand, am always tends to other people’s needs before going to tell you about my father Andimba he attends to his own. My father, my friend, For twenty years, you have been my showing respect for every person, being Toivo ya Toivo, the man I know. I will give someone I will always look up to and lover, partner and comrade. Your love for honest, focusing on goals and working you a bit of insight into who he really is. admire. He has taught me respect, moral me as your wife has given me great hap- hard. You savour all the joys and wonders Andimba Toivo ya Toivo and Vicki ya values, work ethic and to face any adversity piness. You have also shared with me your of raising our young daughters and have Toivo bore two beautiful twin daughters. that life throws at me, a true educator of vast reserve of love: of life; of people; of never hesitated to share the daily respon- My father a.k.a ‘Papa’ is the strongest life. politics; of family; of Namibian culture; of sibilities of parenting. man I know, physically and mentally fit. My father has counselled my sister and learning; of adventure. You are a man who To me, you have the distinction of I remember when my sister and I were me, and made sure that we received the is secure and without petty jealousy. When being the friendliest person in Namibia. younger; our father would on occasion have best education possible. Education and the asked by friends how you are, you usu- You have the extraordinary talent to show us accompany him at four in the morning pruning of the ‘born-frees’ is a key factor ally respond, “I’m on top of the world as an interest in everyone you meet, to ask on rather strenuous walks up and down our as we are the generation who need to fol- usual.” When presented with a challenge, questions, to retain the information gained hill, which ultimately turned into a jog. low in the footsteps of my father as well as you never hesitate, but simply say, “Where and to stay in touch. You never tire of Sometimes it was voluntary. We could nev- many others. We need to ensure that their there’s a will, there’s a way.” And you visting sick friends, sharing bereavement er understand how our father was able to legacies continue. mean it! This is how I know and love you. or happy occasions or simply phoning to go to bed so late and still manage to wake The amount of gratitude I have for my The honest, determined, democrat- say “hello.” Many friends come to you up so absurdly early. We then concluded it father is simply unimaginable. I can only ic-minded, loyal and humble Andimba Toi- for help and counselling, and you are al- was simply his daily routine. My father has hope to one day be half as brave and wise vo ya Toivo known to the public is known ways willing to assist. It is a never-ending never ceased to amaze me and inspired me as my father is. Thank you for truly being in the same way to family and friends. source of amazement to travel with you to be the best in whichever way possible. an inspiration to all, myself included, and As a husband, you are loving, throughout this country that you love so He is a man who thrives on adventure for being the number one man in my life! open-minded and tolerant. Your wisdom, much. Wherever we go, you are received and is well-travelled. My father made I hope you enjoy your birthday to the generosity of spirit and fearlessness guide warmly by people from every walk of life sure that as a family we experienced it all. fullest as it is a milestone not many have me as I navigate the unknown and some- who count themselves among your per- Funerals, weddings, birthdays and holidays. the pleasure of celebrating. May your day times turbulent currents of my adopted sonal friends. The same is true wherever Many a time would be spent travelling long be filled with much love, happiness and Namibia. we have visited outside of Namibia. distances at the back of the car, on account blessings all round. As a father, your love and devotion to Andimba, I hope to have the privilege of me being the smallest! I shall definitely Tate, onda pandula, tangi unene. Evalo Isak, Philemon, Nashikoto and Mutaleni of having you at our side for many years never forget those trips. As a family we iyoye nalikuyambekelwe. Translates to: give them an anchor and strong guidance: to come. have travelled more than many could ever Tate, thank you very much. Happy Birth- you have taught them the importance of Keep it up. Vicki wish for and for that I am thankful. It has day. shaped me into a well-rounded person, and Nashikoto ya Toivo Page | 8 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

The prisoner’s adaptation and behaviour remained bad and gradually became worse. It was clear that he did not want to abide by the disciple in prison. On 20 June 1971 he swore at the member in charge of the section, sergeant Karsten, and threatened to assault him after the member told him to walk down a corridor. – Prison records

Photo: The Namibian Archives

RIGHTS CAMPAIGNERS … Emil Appolus, Speaker Theo-Ben Gurirab and Andimba Toivo ya Toivo share a joke as they recall the struggle days.

HE recently declassified prison Robben Island records reveal Ya Toivo received very few visitors. records of Namibia’s best known Among those was his mother Elizabeth TRobben Island prisoner and struggle Malima ya Toivo who visited him on 27 icon, Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, have provid- a moody, disrespectful Toivo July and 3 August 1974 and the late former ed new insight into the life and struggles of president of Swanu, Moses Katjiongua, who his life during detention. visited him on 21 January 1983. Ya Toivo’s time on the notorious island Toivo believed that Katjiuongua visited was marked by constant brawls with the north. They were charged under the Ter- but he reacted angrily to it. him on the instructions of the DTA to per- prison authorities and they had a tough time rorism Act and on 9 February 1968 he was “I accept what you have just told me. haps try and convince him to join the party. dealing with him. found guilty of contravening the Act and What I want to say is that the boat is ready A request by late freedom fighter Emil In one instance he was described as”surly, sentenced to 20 years in prison. to take you back to Holland. You came from Appolus in June 1981 to visit him, was moody and shows no respect or coopera- Throughout his years at Robben Island, there to steal our land. Remember, perhaps denied by prison authorities. tion”, while he continuously threatened to where he was incarcerated with the likes you and I will not be there anymore when The files describe Ya Toivo as a “martyr assault guards and did not relent on his view of the late South African President Nelson the Africans take over, but your children leader”, a “very good orator” with an above of whites. Mandela, Ya Toivo refused to recognise will blame you for the manner in which average intelligence. Ya Toivo and 36 other Namibians were South Africa’s jurisdiction over Namibia you treated the Africans. You see this arrested on 9 September 1966 by members and was the real troublemaker for the prison desk and chairs, this is the work of the of the South African security forces in the authorities. black man. One of these days we will For instance, on 18 be sitting there.” Names of Toivo’s April 1970 Ya Toivo The records continue to indicate that demanded that all Na- he said: “I am here as a leader and I fellow prisoners mibians be transferred will continue to act for my people. I back to their country will continue to say ‘we’, because I Ephraim Kamati Andjengo Kapolo dies and called for a drastic am doing my duty as a leader.” during the trial in Pretoria. improvement of the More such reactions could be medical services on seen when on 13 June 1981 after the The trialists are inter alia: Eliazer Tuhadele- Robben Island. prisoners played a soccer match Ya ni, John Otto Nankudhu (sentenced to life “The prisoner’s Toivo “tried to incite the prisoners imprisonment), Simeon Shihungileni, Julius adaptation and behav- by walking around with his fist in the Israel Shilongo (Kashuku), Lazarus Zachariah iour remained bad and air,” according to the prison files. (Shakala)(arrested on 16.04.1966 at Nkuren- gradually became worse. Similarly on 13 October 1981, he kuru and sentenced to 20 years’ imprison- It was clear that he did refused to prepare for an inspection by ment), David Hamunime (Kengoya), Joseph not want to abide by the a magistrate and commanding officer. Shimuefeleni, Helao Shityuwete (arrested disciple in prison. On Such behavior led to his de-grading on 26.03.1966 and sentenced to 20 years’ 20 June 1971 he swore from Group C to D in February 1982 . imprisonment), Eino Kamati Ekandjo, Festus at the member in charge “His behaviour remains bad, he Nehale, Nghidipo Jesaja Haufiku (Kambwa), of the section, sergeant has no respect for white members, he Immanuel Augustus Shifidi, Kaleb Hanganee Karsten, and threatened resists discipline and takes an aggres- Tjipahura, Rudolf Kadhikwa, Abel Shuudeni to assault him after the sive stance when he is addressed,” the Haluteni, Betuel Nunjango, Michael Ifingilwa member told him to walk authorities wrote in his file. Moses, Matias Elia Nashidengo (Kanyeule), down a corridor,” the Three months later on 24 May 1982 Malakia Shivute Ushona, Johannes Samuel prison records indicate. Ya Toivo’s behaviour was described as Shiponeni, Petrus Kamati, Immanuel Got- He also refused to follows: tlieb “Maxuilili” Nathaniel, John Ya Otto, shave his beard when “Ya Toivo has since his incarcera- Jason Daniel Mutumbulwa, Joseph Matheus, instructed, so as a result tion not relented his anti-white point Jonas Nashivela, Nathanael Lot Homateni, was put in solitary con- of view. He is surly, moody and shows Phillemon Kakwalindishi Shitilifa, Simeon finement for one year. no respect or cooperation. He refuses Namunganga Hamulemo, Shinima Niilenge He drafted a peti- to communicate with any official and (Harakatyi), Petrus Sinima Niilenge, Ndjaula tion on behalf of the his general behaviour is poor. He Tshaningua (Manghono), Sakeus Phillipus Namibian prisoners in does not summit to any authority and Iitika (Oshivela), Simeon Ipinge Iputa, Naf- September 1971 but it is unsatisfied to be in held in a South talie Amungulu (Kombadjele), and Rehabeam was pointed out to him African prison. His general prognosis Olavi Nambinga. Joseph Shimuefeleni and that he could not speak can be described as bad and there Festus Nehale die later of negligence and on behalf of the group. is no question about any form of mistreatment on Robben Island. Over the next The authorities told rehabilitation. He is embittered and years altogether 62 Namibian prisoners spend him that he could only hardened.” many years of hardship on Robben Island. speak on his own behalf For all the time he was at the island, Page | 9 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Ya Toivo’s statement from the dock

URING his trial, which lasted from selves. It is not really a question whether South August 1967 to February 1968, Ya Africa treats us well or badly, but that South DToivo made a statement from the West Africa is our country and we wish to be dock: our own masters. “We find ourselves here in a foreign coun- There are some who will say that they are try, convicted under laws made by people sympathetic with our aims, but that they con- whom we have always considered as foreign- demn violence. I would answer that I am not ers. We find ourselves tried by a judge who is by nature a man of violence and I believe that not our countryman and who has not shared violence is a sin against God and my fellow our background.... men. Swapo itself was a non-violent organisa- We are Namibians and not South Africans. tion, but the South African government is not We do not now, and will not in the future, truly interested in whether opposition is violent recognise your right to govern us, to make or non-violent. It does not wish to hear any laws for us in which we have no say; to treat opposition to apartheid. our country as if it were your property and DETAINED ... Some of the accused in the trial of 37 Swapo members under the South Is it surprising that in such times my us as if you were our masters.... African Terrorism Act, Pretoria 1967-8. Seventeen of them were serving life imprisonment countrymen have taken up arms? Violence is We are far away from our homes; not a and were on Robben Island. Left to right (top): Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Johannes truly fearsome, but who would not defend his single member of our families has come to Nankudhu, Kaleb Tjipahura, David Shimuafeleni, Malakia Ushona and Betual Nunjango. property and himself against a robber? And we visit us, never mind be present at our trial.... Bottom: Johannes Shiponeni, Abel Haluteni, Rudolph Kadhikwa, Lazarus Zacharia, Petrus believe that South Africa has robbed us of our The South African government has again Kamati and Kambua Kashikola. country. shown its strength by detaining us for as I have spent my life working in Swapo, long as it pleased, keeping some of us in which is an ordinary political party like any solitary confinement for 300 to 400 days hostility by separating people and emphasis- other. and bringing us to its capital to try us. It has ing their differences. We believe that by living My Lord, you found it necessary to brand shown its strength by passing an Act espe- together, people will learn to lose their fear me as a coward. During the Second World War, cially for us and having it made retrospective. of each other. We also believe that this fear when it became evident that both my country It has even chosen an ugly name to call us which some of the whites have of Africans and your country were threatened by the dark by. One`s own are called patriots, or at least is based on their desire to be superior and clouds of Nazism, I risked my life to defend rebels; your opponents are called terrorists.... privileged and that when whites see them- both of them, wearing a uniform with orange We know that whites do not think of blacks selves as part of South West Africa, sharing bands on it. as politicians – only as agitators. Many of our with us all its hopes and troubles, then that But some of your countrymen when called people, through no fault of their own have fear will disappear. Separation is said to be a to battle to defend civilisation resorted to had no education at all. This does not mean natural process. But why, then, is it imposed sabotage against their own fatherland. I volun- that they do not know what they want.... by force, and why then is it the whites have teered to face German bullets, and as a guard Our grievances are called ‘so-called’ the superiority? of military installations, both in South West grievances. We do not believe South Africa I have come to know that our people cannot Africa and the Republic, was prepared to be is in South West Africa in order to provide expect progress as a gift from anyone, be it the victim of their sabotage. Today they are facilities and work for non-whites. It is there the United Nations or South Africa. Progress our masters and are considered the heroes, for its own selfish reasons. For the first 40 is something we shall have to struggle and and I am called the coward. years it did practically nothing to fulfil its work for. And I believe that the only way in When I consider my country, I am proud ‘sacred trust’. It only concerned itself with which we shall be able and fit to secure that that my countrymen have taken up arms for the welfare of the whites. progress is to learn from our own experience their people and I believe that anyone who Since 1962 because of the pressure from and mistakes. calls himself a man would not despise them. inside by the non-whites and especially my Your Lordship emphasised in your I had no answer to the question: ‘Where has organisation, and because of the limelight judgement the fact that our arms came from your non-violence got us?’ Whilst the World placed on our country by the world, South communist countries and also that words Court judgement was pending, I at least had Africa has been trying to do a bit more. commonly used by communists were to that to fall back on. When we failed, after It rushed the Bantustan Report, so that it be found in our documents. But my Lord, years of waiting, I had no answer to give to would at least have something to say at the in the documents produced by the State, my people. World Court. there is another type of language. It appears Even though I did not agree that people Only one who is not white and has suf- even more often than the former. Many should go into the bush, I could not refuse to fered the way we have can say whether our documents finish up with an appeal to the help them when I knew that they were hungry. grievances are real or ‘so-called’. Almighty to guide us in our struggle for I even passed on the request for dynamite. Those of us who have some education, freedom. It is the wish of the South African It was not any easy decision. Another man together with our uneducated brethren, have government that we should be discredited in might have been able to say ‘I will have always struggled to get freedom.... the Western world. That is why it calls our nothing to do with that sort of thing’. I was Your government, my Lord, undertook struggle a communist plot; but this will not not, and I could not remain a spectator in the a very special responsibility, when it was be believed by the world. struggle of my people for their freedom. awarded the mandate over us after the First The world knows that we are not interested I am a loyal Namibian and I could not World War. It assumed a sacred trust to in ideologies. betray my people to their enemies. I admit guide us towards independence and to pre- We feel that the world as a whole has a spe- that I decided to assist those who had taken pare us to take our place among the nations cial responsibility towards us. This is because up arms. I know that the struggle will be long of the world. the land of our fathers was handed over to and bitter. I also know that my people will We believe that South Africa has abused South Africa by a world body. It is a divided wage that struggle, whatever the cost. that trust because of its belief in racial su- world, but it is a matter of hope for us that it Only when we are granted our independ- premacy (that white people have been chosen at least agrees about one thing – that we are ence will the struggle stop. Only when our by God to rule the world) and apartheid. We entitled to freedom and justice. human dignity is restored to us, as equals of believe that for 50 years South Africa had Other mandated territories have received the whites, will there be peace between us ... failed to promote the development of our peo- their freedom. The judgement of the World My co-accused and I have suffered. We are ple. Where are our trained men? The wealth Court was a bitter disappointment to us. We not looking forward to our imprisonment. of our country has been used to train your felt betrayed and we believed that South Af- We do not, however, feel that our efforts and people for leadership and the sacred duty of rica would never fulfil its trust. Some felt that sacrifice have been wasted. We believe that preparing the indigenous people to take their we would secure our freedom only by fighting human suffering has its effect even on those place among the nations of the world has for it. We knew that the power of South Africa who impose it. been ignored.... is overwhelming, but we also knew that our We hope that what has happened will per- I do not claim that it is easy for men of case is a just one and our situation intolerable suade the whites of South Africa that we and different races to live at peace with one – why should we not receive our freedom ? the world may be right and they may be wrong. another. I myself had no experience of this We are sure that the world’s efforts to help Only when white South Africans realise this in my youth, and at first it surprised me that us in our plight will continue, whatever South and act on it, will it be possible for us to stop men of different races could live together in Africans may call us. our struggle for freedom and justice in the land peace. But now I know it to be true and to be We do not expect that independence will end of our birth”. something to which we must strive. our troubles, but we do believe that our people Toivo was sentenced to twenty years` impris- The South African government creates are entitled – as are all peoples – to rule them- onment. Page |10 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

PLACE OF WORSHIP … The Odibo An- IN HIS HONOUR ... The dining hall at St Mary’s Mission school which HISTORIC PLACE ... Andimba Toivo ya Toivo’s classroom has gican Church where he was a member. was named after Andimba Toivo ya Toivo. since been renovated. His teacher recalls: Ya Toivo gave me Namibia

• HILENI NEMBWAYA at ONAMHINDA with him. She described Ya Toivo as a quiet and smart learner. ETERAN politician Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo is “He was a very polite, quiet boy and neat at the same regarded as a source of inspiration by many peo- time. I have never seen him angry or arguing with any- Vple at Odibo and the community highly values one. He was very peaceful and intelligent.” and respects what he has done for Namibia. She says even though Ya Toivo was very bright at Julia Mbida (whose age is estimated at over 97 years), school, some of the missionaries were not happy with from Onamhinda village in Odibo district, is one of the him and they tried to stop his education by sending him few elderly people who still remember Ya Toivo as a off to mould mud bricks. small boy. However, Ya Toivo was smart and never allowed any- Mbida was a Sub B (Grade 2) teacher at St Mary’s thing to get between him and his education. Mission school when Ya Toivo, a lad with a strong Ndon- He remained at St Mary’s Mission school for six years ga accent, first arrived at the school at Odibo in 1947, until he graduated as a teacher in 1950. and from then she knew him very well. Ya Toivo taught at St Cuthbert’s school at Onamutayi “Ya Toivo found me here at Odibo when he came to St for about six months before he transferred to St Mary’s, Mary’s and that time he was still young but a mature boy, where he taught till the end of 1951. He left for South who knew what he wanted to achieve. I watched him Africa to further his studies in November 1951. as he progressed in school. He also used to come to my Mbida, who is now blind and unable to walk on her house to play with my children since we were neigh- own, still remembers when Ya Toivo first gave her a bours,” says Mbida. Swapo membership card before he went into exile. Mbida says when Ya Toivo arrived at Odibo he stayed at the late Petrus Ndongo’s homestead, before moving into the school hostel. She said Ya Toivo, who was a Lutheran, had to change his religion to Anglican to be admitted at St Mary’s school. When asked whether Ya Toivo still visits her and what he has done for the community of Odibo, she Photos: Hileni Nembwaya says: “Even if he does not visit me anymore, we are still He was a very polite, quiet boy and neat together spiritually. He fought and liberated this country for us. He gave me my Namibia and we are proud for at the same time. I have never seen him MY HERO ... Julia Mbida, who was a Sub B teacher at St Mary’s what he did for us and he remains our hero.” angry or arguing with any one. He was Mission School, is one of the few elders in the community who Mbida says Ya Toivo used to regularly attend Odibo still remembers Andimba Toivo ya Toivo as a young schoolboy. Anglican Church with his wife before age caught up very peaceful and intelligent. She is pictured at her homestead at Onamhinda village in the – Julia Mbida Odibo district. Hilundwa and his best friend, Ya Toivo

• HILENI NEMBWAYA and in Ondangwa. He was really good at it,” he Edmund Kandume, Monica Ashikenga, school buildings. OSWALD SHIVUTE says. Nataniel Namweya, Nataniel Paulus and Skinny Hilundwa and Ya Toivo were in Hilundwa also remembers his school George Tobias. the same class and in the same hostel room HE former deputy mayor of Os- years at St. Mary’s with the former liber- Hilundwa also speaks of how their and have remained friends up until today. hakati, Skinny Hilundwa, has often ation fighter at Odibo as if they happened school was regarded by the South African Oluno secondary school in Ondangwa Tdescribed his best friend Andimba yesterday, saying that life was hard in many government as a great evil in the country, was named after Ya Toivo in 2004. Toivo ya Toivo as an intelligent and fear- aspects. They had to cook for themselves whereby it became the main target of the According to the principal of Andimba less man. but often did not have food to eat. occupying forces until it was destroyed in Toivo ya Toivo secondary school, Warde- Hilundwa met Ya Toivo when he first “The struggle was real; our life in the 1979. hein Shapaka, Ya Toivo visits the school on arrived at Odibo after the second world war hostel was a struggle because we never When asked whether he and Ya Toivo an annual basis and has contributed a lot to in 1947. He says that before Ya Toivo came had a dining hall or a kitchen. We cooked still visit Odibo, he says: “Odibo is our its development. to Odibo, he attended Ongwediva Industrial ourselves. By that time we used to receive holy place, we still go there occasionally. Ya Toivo’s last donation to the school School in 1939. one tin of maize flour and a small piece of However, I cannot remember the last time was earlier this year, when he contributed There, Ya Toivo was trained as a carpen- dried traditional spinach (ekaka) but it was we went there.” He says that since Ya Toivo an amount of N$5 000 and books for the ter for three years and was taught Afrikaans never really enough,” says Hilundwa. came back from exile, he has made nu- learners. by Gabriel Taapopi. Ya Toivo was also a He also speaks of how they used to travel merous donations to St Mary’s school and “He tries to contribute something to the farm worker at Tsumeb, before he went long distances by foot to Ondangwa in also bought a piano for the church. “He has school every year. He mostly donates mon- back to school at Odibo. search of holiday jobs. Ondangwa was the done a lot for the community of Odibo”. Ya ey, boxes of fish or reading books. We are Hilundwa says that Ya Toivo managed nearest town at that time. Hilundwa said Toivo was an active pupil during his school really pleased with what he is contributing to build a store at Ondangwa with his farm Ya Toivo had completed all his standard years. He participated in many things like to our school and he really has the school at earnings that he had saved. grades until standard six, which was the sports and politics, and became the patron heart. He is a great leader,” says Shapaka. “His business started to flourish and Ya highest grade at that time. Some of Ya of St Mary’s in 2002. He continues to raise Andimba Toivo ya Toivo school has Toivo became an established businessman Toivo’s classmates included the likes of funds in order to rebuild and renovate the about 847 pupils and 40 teachers. Page |11 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 First Minister of Mines and Energy

N the occasion of his 90th birthday (PIT) and the Additional Profits Tax (APT) on 22 August 2014, the Ministry of were gazetted in order to cater for econom- OMines and Energy is privileged and ic and fiscal aspects and royalties, and the proud to pay tribute to its first minister, Her- White Paper on Energy Policy was released. man Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, and congratu- In 1996, the Minerals Board of Namibia late him on his countless achievements. was constituted in terms of the Minerals Following Namibian independence, the Act. Construction of the second part of the Ministry of Mines and Energy was estab- new headquarters at the site of the Geologi- lished under Ya Toivo’s leadership. cal Survey of Namibia commenced. The ministry comprised of the Direc- The building was completed and inaugu- torates of Mining, Geological Survey of rated in 1999, thereby creating an excellent Namibia, Energy and Administration and one-stop facility for investors and stakehold- Finance. ers in the minerals, energy and earth science The Diamond Board, regulating and sectors. controlling the production, evaluation and Ya Toivo took over the position at the security of diamonds since pre-independ- helm of the Ministry of Mines and Energy ence times, was brought under the control of at a time when enthusiasm for the newly the Ministry of Mines and Energy, as were independent Namibia was paired with the the National Energy Council, the national overwhelming task of building a new Public electricity utility NamPower, and the nation- Service commensurate with the new condi- al oil company Namcor. tions in this young nation. Under the direction and leadership of Ya He mastered this difficult task with ded- Toivo theministry immediately embarked Photo: The Namibian Archives ication and an admirable sense of duty. He upon a number of schemes with the follow- ENCOURAGEMENT … As Minister of Mines he was known as a humble servant who united the staff of the ministry by building ing objectives: would always make time to meet workers when visiting mining sites. the “Mines and Energy family” and instill- n To administer the relevant legislation ing a common desire to take Namibia to and exercise control over mineral, energy greater heights. and other land-based resources. relevant quality scientific data to address published by the Geological Survey of Na- This he did not do by giving directions n To monitor the performance of the national issues related to resources, envi- mibia. In 1993, the government of Namibia from the top, but rather by working along- existing legislation and to enact further leg- ronment and hazards in earth science and and the European Union signed a 40 million side with the staff and fostering a sense of islation as necessary. energy-related matters, and Euro agreement under the Sysmin scheme belonging. His admirable humility regularly n To monitor and control developments n To provide value for money and cus- for support to the Namibian mining indus- came to the forefront when he greeted visi- with an impact on geological resources. tomer-oriented services to all stakeholders. try, and the establishment of the Minerals tors or new staff members by saying: “Good n To promote investment by creating an Drafting of legislation started without Development Fund. A first licensing round morning, I am Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, I enabling environment conducive to the opti- delay, and soon the Petroleum Products and was held in 1991 to promote hydrocarbon work for the Ministry of Mines and Energy.” mal utilisation of Namibia’s mineral, energy Energy Act of 1990 was passed by Parlia- exploration, which attracted world-class However, in March 1999, the Ministry of and other land-based resources. ment, followed by the Petroleum (Exploration companies to explore in Namibia. A further Mines and Energy sadly had to bid farewell n To maintain and expand the contribution and Production) Act No. 2 of 1991 and the licensing round was held in 1994, before the to its long-standing minister, as Ya Toivo left of formal and informal mineral and energy Petroleum (Taxation) Act No. 3 of 1991. licensing process was opened up in 1998. for the Ministry of Prisons and Correctional sectors to the economy of Namibia. Drafting of mining legislation appropriate In November 1994, a milestone was Services. n To maintain and promote regional and for an independent Namibia also commenced, reached when agreements were signed The achievements made in nine years international cooperation in the mineral and and culminated in the promulgation of the between the government of Namibia and De under his skillful leadership reflect the fore- energy sectors Minerals (Prospecting and Mining) Act No Beers giving the Government a 50% stake sight and vision of this dedicated leader, and n To ensure sustainable development of 33 in 1992. in Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM) many a staff member had tears in their eyes all earth-based resources Government through the Ministry of Mines and leading to the formation of Namibia’s when he entered the room for his farewell n To develop strategies for optimal land- and Energy also embarked upon an extensive leading diamond producer Namdeb as a joint function. use planning rural electrification programme in order to venture between government and the private He said in a display of his wonderful n To minimise the impact of the exploita- bring electricity and development to the rural sector. sense of humor “Good afternoon everybody, tion of Namibia’s mineral, energy and other people of Namibia. That same year the Geological Survey of I am Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, I work for the land-based resources on the environment by Major expansion of the electricity transmis- Namibia’s programme of high-resolution Ministry of Prisons and Correctional Servic- ensuring development in a responsible way sion and distribution network has taken place airborne geophysical surveys started, and es!” and in compliance with the national poli- since, and a national electricity masterplan has since produced one of the best and larg- Today, we pay tribute to this true icon of cy and universally accepted practices and was compiled. est sets of geophysical data worldwide. the struggle for Namibian independence, who standards In 1992, construction work for the new, In 1995, the Minerals Ancillary Rights is also an icon of the formative years of our n To assess the impact of previous mining custom-built Ministry of Mines and Energy Commission was established, and the beloved nation. We wish him good health, and development activities on the environ- headquarters started with the Geological Ministry began the process of reviewing and God’s blessing and many more years with ment through baseline studies and to develop Survey of Namibia offices, as the existing substantially revising the existing diamond his loved ones. We express our gratitude and strategies to manage this impact facilities were completely inadequate for a legislation, which culminated in the promul- admiration for what he has done as the true n To develop multidisciplinary and inte- modern research institution in an independent gation of the Diamond Act No 13 of 1999. father of the Ministry of Mines and Energy. grated land-use planning, working closely Namibia, and the comprehensive reference The Petroleum Laws Amendment Act, with other ministries volume “The Mineral Resources of Namib- 1998, and the Model Petroleum Agreement, * Tribute done by the Ministry of Mines and n To undertake research and disseminate ia”, a powerful tool to attract investment, was 1998, as well as the Petroleum Income Tax Energy.

FOUND … Andimba Toivo ya Toivo received service medals for his contribution in the South African Army during the Second World War but they got lost. Around 50 years later, in 1996, he was issued with a new set. South Africa’s first High Photo: Papa Shikongeni Photo: Henry van Rooi Commissioner to Namibia Stanley PROUD MOMENT … Krupp Street in Windhoek was renamed Mabizela (right) and the mission’s RECENT … In the run up to mark Ya Toivo’s 90th birthday several public to Andimba Toivo ya Toivo Street. Ya Toivo and wife Vicki with military advisor colonel Johan van lectures were held throughout the country. Here he is seen with people who former Windhoek Mayor Mateus Shikongo. Rooyen (centre) gave him the medals. attended a lecture at Katima Mulilo in the Zambezi Region. Page |12 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

Prison authorities had to trick him out of the cell

hortly after joining the African Na- Andimba was a fighter. tional Congress during the Defiance of When the prison authorities SUnjust Laws Campaign 1952, in South got it in their sick head Africa, I began to be infatuated with wars of liberation in other parts of the world, particu- that we self-censor our larly the African continent. outgoing letters, they At the tender age of 13, I had heard of demanded of him to stop John Langalibalele Dube, one of the founders referring in his letters to and first president of the ANC: “Vul’indlela “Namibia.” “Expunge Mntaka Dube…..’’ (lead the way son of Dube we have been long in the darkness) we sang ‘Namibia’ or the letter lustily about the man! Dube’s colleagues, Pix- won’t go!” “Forget it!” ie ka Seme and Sol Platjie were other names I Andimba stubbornly stuck became familiar with in my primary boarding to his guns: “Namibia is school, St Ansgar’s Institute, Roodepoort. Namibia and don’t tell me New names: Walter Sisulu, and Moses Ko- to call it anything else…” tane were also on the lips of our class teacher BM Masipha, who revered them. School And he flung his arms history books mentioned King Moshoeshoe characteristically. REUNION … To celebrate the 20th anniversary of Nelson Mandela’s (front) release from of Lesotho (Basutoland) who defeated Boer – Mike Dingake Robben Island, fellow freedom struggle stalwarts met with him at Cape Town in 2010. From left (retired Brigadier General Sandile Sijake, Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, former SA Vice invaders by rolling rocks on them from the President Kaglema Motlanthe, former Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda, SA President top of Thaba Bosiu! King Dingaan who mas- Jacob Zuma, Mike Dingake and an unnamed former Robben Island prisoner. sacred the Boers he hosted, in their sleep, was My peripatetic father, who had travelled the boarding school boys’ hero with his war- and worked in many mines in South Africa cry, “Bulalani abathalathi! (Kill the wizards). had also been to German Wes(t) for some ly the man with a romantic sounding name Tjipahura, Hamutenya (Swapo) and others, Outside of South Africa there weren’t many cash-rewarding stint and had nothing pleasant Toivo ya Toivo, was wetted. Later I was fas- in Pretoria Local Prison while in detention names I can remember except that of Her- or good to say about the German employers. cinated by reading that he had sent a petition under the 180-day detention law. man Toivo ya Toivo, in the late 1950s from a In a good mood, induced by the native brew to the United Nations General Assembly to Though kept in isolated cells, we clandes- country my father called German Wes(t), offi- my mother was expert at, he sang for us some demand the independence of his country! tinely communicated and caught a glimpse of cially known as South West Africa to be later indigenous songs and told us about the beauty Andimba and I eventually met in Robben one another in prison corridors. I was burning renamed Namibia on attaining independence of the native women and the elegance of their Island Prison in 1971. Before I met Andim- to know whether they had one Toivo ya Toivo in 1990. The name Toivo ya Toivo fascinated dresses. ba, I had been tantalised by meeting some among them. Informed he was in detention in me. I wished to catch a glimpse of the man My appetite to know more about German of his countrymen, among them Gerson Veii Namibia, I was disappointed. After the 15- even at a distance. Wes(t) and its colourful inhabitants, especial- of Swanu, comrades Shityuwete, Shiponeni, year sentence verdict I was swiftly transferred ‘Here’s a biscuit for you’

NDIMBA! It gives me great pleas- the corner and went to you in the punish- ure to send you a message for your ment cells. We heard that you knocked one A90th birthday. of them down. As you know, mine is just a day before You were a good comrade, Andimba. and although I am a full five years younger, While you were highly respected as a I think of our birthdays together. founder of Swapo, for all intents and pur- This special birthday takes me back to poses we regarded you, and Eddie Daniels, Robben Island where we spent many years as ANC members. together in B Section. I don’t recall if you ever had a visitor. I remember how, when we were in A Like many prisoners whose loved ones Group, we used to buy tea, coffee and were so far away, you sacrificed a great biscuits. This is how we celebrated our deal in that sense. You didn’t let it get you birthdays – with biscuits. Of course you down and kept up your spirits. never agreed to participate in the grading of I was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in prisoners. You were a real militant, a tough October 1982, almost 18 months before guy against the authorities. your release. To us you were very well liked, a good Unlike that March when Madiba, Ray- chap, very jolly. Do you recall when we mond, Walter and Andrew were pounced were allowed to order newspapers and we upon at night to “pack up” and couldn’t say sat in the courtyard reading interesting sto- goodbye, I was given some notice. ries? When you tried to join us, the warders They told me at 10 am that I needed to be chased you away. ready to leave at 2pm. So I had the chance We will never forget the night of 28 May to bid farewell to everyone in the section. 1971 when we were raided and the warders I next saw you in Namibia on the first made us strip and stand in the cold – until anniversary of independence. You look me Govan collapsed and everyone panicked. up whenever you are in Joburg and I always We thought it was a heart attack but luckily enjoy seeing you. it was just stress. Enjoy your birthday Andimba. HEY YOU … Andimba Toivo ya Toivo and Ahmed Kathrada in a joyous mood when they After they finished with us, they turned Love to Vicki and the children. reunited with one of his visits to South Africa. Page |13 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

In my mind I was certain Andimba wouldn’t allow this potential conflict to wreck the won’t go!” “Forget it!” victory he had contributed to Andimba stubbornly stuck for the many years! I knew he to his guns: “Namibia is would concede to Nujoma to Namibia and don’t tell me avoid a despicable conflict. I to call it anything else…” And he flung his arms believe the dreaded conflict characteristically. Whether was aborted by Andimba’s the prison censor kept the magnanimity. He simply letter or sent it, Andimba settled for the post of was unconcerned. How Minister of Mines and Energy. could foreigners tell him what name to give his coun- – Mike Dingake try? The Swapo dream was to live in a country called Na- mibia and no earthly power Wow! I was about to strike gold! A couple of could make Andimba write days after their arrival in the single cells sec- or say otherwise! tion, the no-nonsense Namibians launched a We addressed each sudden hunger strike! Though unclear of the other as ‘neighbour’ all issue(s) that triggered it, we joined the strike. the time, except when he That night we were locked up earlier than instinctively disapproved of usual. Shortly after lock-up warders came my conduct which happened now back flinging cell doors open and barking and then. And then he would call orders: “Teen die muur, teen die muur…..!” me “Kwere-Kwere’ and I retaliated by Each in his own cell was shoved against the flinging the epithet back at him. Without wall, frisked and prison blankets thrown prejudice Batswana generally referred around apparently in search of contraband. A to non-Tswana speaking fellow Africans few metres from my cell, around the corner from the north of their country who warders tried to push Toivo ya Toivo intolera- bly around. Andimba unleashed a hard open- hand smack on the young warder’s cheek, ‘whack!’, sending the warder’s cap flying and the struck warder wailing: ‘die kaffer het my geslaan’ (the kaffir has hit me)! The scream Photo: Family Collection of the slapped warder made warders converge on Andimba’s cell to revenge the warder’s assault. Barricaded each prisoner in his own cell and unarmed there was nothing we could Andimba unleashed a hard do to express our seething solidarity. open-hand smack on the After satisfying themselves they had taught the ‘kaffer’ a lesson they ordered him to mop young warder’s cheek, up the cell floor drenched in his blood. Soon ‘whack!’, sending the thereafter the Namibian prisoners were trans- warder’s cap flying and the ferred back to the communal cells section spoke a strange language which sounded like to avoid a despicable conflict. I believe the struck warder wailing: ‘die leaving Toivo ya Toivo alone behind. An- ‘kwere-kwere’, so they were called Makw- dreaded conflict was aborted by Andimba’s kaffer het my geslaan’ (the dimba was thus incorporated into the single ere-kwere. The name expressed the feeling magnanimity. He simply settled for the post kaffir has hit me)! cells section where the feared /‘privileged’ of un-familiarity with the language. That of Minister of Mines and Energy. members of the South African organisations form of address of course did not sit well My family and I travelled to Windhoek to – Mike Dingake were held. We immediately became friends, with non-Tswana who came into contact with celebrate the 1991 New Year festivity with Andimba and I. Batswana. Andimba’s use of the word was to Comrade Andimba. We drove to Windhoek to Robben Island Prison before Toivo could Initially I helped him with the academic remind me that not only whites discriminat- a couple days before New Year, 1991. It arrive. My disappointment was enormous. In subjects he was studying through a corre- ed against them but neighbouring Batswana was a fantastic occasion with Andimba in my imagination the Namibians were unlikely spondence college. Our friendship blossomed also did. All of this, of course, was always Windhoek, extended to Swakopmund, later. to be sent to Robben Island because the UN under these conditions. Studying under the done in good humour between us. What a jolly week! We met his mother, his was closely involved in their case. I gave up! jail conditions of Robben Island, where pris- Shortly after his release Andimba and I re- nephews and nieces. Hope was rekindled when we read from oners could be deprived of study privilege for united at the Gaborone Airport where he was When I informed Andimba that I was smuggled newspapers, the Namibian detain- the flimsiest excuse soon irritated Andimba, in transit to somewhere I can’t remember due to travel to America on a US Visitors’ ees after the harsh sentences, 20 years hard whose attitude was ‘rights’ instead of ‘priv- now. He had me in stitches narrating how he Programme, he took advantage of my US labour for Toivo ya Toivo, no doubt invited by ileges’ for people whether in jail or outside! tried to resist release from prison before the visit to introduce me to his wife Vicki, who the hard hitting speech from the dock by him He unceremoniously threw away the ‘lousy expiry of his sentence. He particularly was was winding up her practice in New York to were likely to land on our Robben Island and privilege’ of studying! Remonstrations with not amused by his ‘freedom’ while some join him. Vicki and I met in NY and had a I was optimistic the Swapo prisoners would him didn’t work. Once decided, Andimba was of his comrades were left in imprisonment. swell time looking for a restaurant where I join us in segregation not in the communal unmoved! The prison authorities had to trick him out could enjoy the calypso! I was impressed by cells. I was wrong. Swapo ‘terrorists’ went to My plea to him not to resort to such drastic of the cell and then lock him out! Andim- Toivo’s choice! One might have mistakenly the communal cells section but were segregat- action, as study ‘privilege’ assuaged the pris- ba believed the authorities were trying to thought Andimba was anti-White. Far from ed from ‘Poqo’ and ANC ‘terries.’ Com- oner’s tension, fell on deaf ears. I had known antagonise him with his fellow prisoners and it. Anti-racist, yes! munal cells ANC comrades sent us snippets that once I had failed to convince him, no- the Namibians, generally as a sell-out. The When Andimba visited Botswana on an about the Namibians, and what their relations body including Nelson Mandela with whom release was a vile ruse! Typical Andimba! official visit, some time in 1994, he wanted with warders were. We were shocked by he was also on the friendliest of terms, could His release was a sign of pressure build- me to be part of his entourage wherever reports that Namibians had adopted a hostile move him. The prison authorities had in the ing up to grant Namibia her independence. he went. Unfortunately, restrained by my attitude, not only to warders, but to the visit- past tried to organise a visit for him from a Andimba didn’t waste time to join the duties, I could only accompany him to the ing delegation of the International Committee former comrade now a turncoat apparently to Swapo leadership in exile. When apartheid diamond sorting plant in Orapa House. He of the Red Cross who visited us annually on woo him with promise for ‘release’. Andimba SA eventually loosened her grip on Namib- must have bored everyone in my absence Robben Island to exchange news about our had resisted until I pleaded with him to go ia, many observers, I daresay including the telling them about our friendship. All Bat- welfare and demands we were raising with and meet the ‘sell-out’ in a posh Cape Town South African authorities, speculated that swana acquaintances with Andimba never the authorities. The ICRC was prisoners’ hotel and find out what tricks the oppressor there was going to be a tug-of-war for pres- stop asking me: “How’s your friend Toivo ya lifeline under the brutal apartheid regime, we was up to and how some former comrades idency of the newly-independent Namibia Toivo?” thought, here were Swapo comrades igno- were being won over. Reluctantly he had between Sam Nujoma and Andimba. Andim- He has unique charm, often hidden under rantly treating them as the enemy! Namibians gone to meet the ‘sell-out’ at a five-star hotel, ba was the foundation rock of the Namibian his initial gruff manner but infectious to were virtually saying ‘voetsek’ to friends in and came back amused by the lengths the struggle and had gone to Robben Island all he comes in contact with. We have met need! We pleaded with comrades in the com- Boer colonialists could go to attempt to cor- Prison for many years, while Sam Nujoma several times in South Africa for events that munal cells to ask Namibian fellow prisoners rupt the Namibian freedom struggle! had been in the thick of the struggle in exile commemorate SA political history and Rob- to ‘hamba kahle,’ take it easy and not antago- Andimba was a fighter. When the prison for the many years Andimba was away. ben Island episodes. At such meetings we nise friends! authorities got it in their sick head that we In my mind I was certain Andimba invariably break away on-off to reminisce As fate would have it, the Namibian group self-censor our outgoing letters, they demand- wouldn’t allow this potential conflict to wreck about our friendship: spontaneous, warm, of prisoners, Toivo among them, was trans- ed of him to stop referring in his letters to the victory he had contributed to for the many durable, unpretentious. ferred to one wing of our single cells section. “Namibia.” “Expunge ‘Namibia’ or the letter years! I knew he would concede to Nujoma • Mike K Dingake Page |14 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Toivo ya Toivo 90th birthday wishes from Paths to Freedom launch

• Yochanaan Coetzee

Mburumba Kerina: “Toi- vo ya Toivo is one of our greatest leaders. During the struggle, we com- municated regularly since 1966 and it was only after in- dependence that we met face to face. His name can be mentioned alongside those of great men such as Nelson Mandela.”

Vickson Angula: “I’m looking forward to cel- ebrating the strong man’s birthday. Through his bravery and perseverance he Photo: Bente Pedersen has become a living example of making it BACK IN THE DAYS ... Bente Pedersen with Andimba Toivo ya Toivo (centre), President Hifikepunye Pohamba through until you reach (left), defence minister Nahas Angula and African National Congress stalwart Billy Modise (right). the top . . .”

Onesmus Maharero: A man of charisma and warmth “A long life to him, we need to stay mindful of our struggle vet- HAD the privilege to get to know a taxi with Ya Toivo, Gwen Lister, Leake outside the United States and thus had no erans and how much Andimba Toivo ya Toivo on a few Hangala and Kakena driving back from a passport. they sacrificed for different occasions. Norway and the visit to Theo-Ben Gurirab’s house. Leake In 1999, I had the privilege of being ap- the country’s free- I dom.” other Nordic countries supported the sat next to the taxi driver and started a pointed one of ten Norwegian represent- liberation struggle and when Ya Toivo conversation with him, interested in find- atives to the Nordic-SADC conference to was released from Robben Island in 1983 ing out his opinion about the election. be hosted on Robben Island. Participants he soon came to visit Norway and the Na- The driver, a 25-year-old, white from North and South worked together mibia Association of Norway where I was American man, told us how thrilled he for three days, focusing on the future for Alfred Angula: “Their sac- rifices are beyond what involved. Meeting Ya Toivo was a great was with the election and another four the region and what we may learn from we can imagine, therefore inspiration to me personally and to the years with Reagan. The taxi went still, the liberation struggle. The programme I thank leaders like Tate Ya solidarity work and anti-apartheid work we said nothing and he surely sensed was busy but we had a tour of the prison Toivo and wish him a very that took place in Norway. His charisma, that, asking us: “By the way – where do and the lime quarry. Listening to Ya happy birthday.” warmth, commitment, humbleness and you come from?” Leake replied: “We’re Toivo talk about life as a prisoner made dedication inspired us all. from Africa”. “Africa,” the driver asked, a strong impression on me. A year later we met again, this time in “is that a monarchy?” Leake replied very I am forever grateful for the friendship New York. It was election time and we all diplomatically: “Not exactly – it is actu- between our two countries and people. knew that if Reagan was re-elected, the ally a continent.” Ya Toivo hummed and Congratulations on your 90th birthday, Ben Ulenga: “One will nev- Namibian liberation was further into the smiled in the backseat over the ignorance dear Ya Toivo! er truly know the feeling future. The day after the election I was in of this young American who’d never been * Bente Pedersen (Katjivena) of true fulfillment, but I wish him all the happi- ness and fulfillment in the world. He is blessed to see the free and inde- pendent Namibia he and To the father of Namibia’s liberation movement so many others fought for and we are blessed to have him around.” NDIMBA Toivo Ya Toivo is the bicycle before finding other means, in liberation, such as Chief Hosea Kutako, father of Namibia’s liberation order to uncover the conditions of the Mburumba Kerina and Jariretundu Amovement. He established the confinement. This testifies how Toivo Kozonguizi. Cecil Moller: “He is truly Ovamboland Peoples’ Congress in Ya Toivo’s popularity gradually spread Today we are so thankful and ap- a great man and the Cape Town, which later became the among the Namibian people, regardless preciative of the initiative of Ya Toivo, nation wishes him well. liberation movement of Swapo, that led of their ethnic origin. leading us to the monumental gift Hopefully local produc- Namibia to independence. During the Second World War, Ya of freedom. He is not only a loyal tion companies can one What is unique about Ya Toivo is that Toivo, as both a Namibian patriot and Namibian, he is also a dear friend and day secure the rights to he never vied for leadership. He is a a Pan-Africanist, fought against the a role model for Namibia and Africa in tell his remarkable story.” man of the people, more interested in Germans with the South African forces. general. We celebrate and congratulate urging and mobilising them to stand up In spite of his commitment, he was him on his 90th birthday on 22 August for their freedom. confined to Robben Island with Nel- 2014. The apartheid regime recognised son Mandela and many others about “I am a loyal Namibian and could not his abilities and perseverance as a 20 years later. This was the apartheid betray my people to their enemies. I freedom fighter. Therefore they tried regime’s second attempt to silence admit that I decided to assist those who Gerson Veii: “I wish him a to stop him from the onset. First, by Ya Toivo, and stop his charisma and have taken up arms. I know that the very happy 90th birthday. confining him to Ondangwa as a way of agenda spreading to the Namibian struggle will be long and bitter. I also May leaders like him live robbing him of his national character. people. However, his confinement made know that my people will wage that long and continue to be In order to break Ya Toivo’s isolation, him even more recognised as a leader. struggle, whatever the cost.” an example to all Namib- ians and be a reminder Levi Nganjone travelled from central His greatness can only be compared * Uazuvara Ewald Katjivena (in that freedom was fought Namibia to Ovamboland, originally by with the other pioneers of Namibia’s Norway) for and should not be taken for granted.” Page |15 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

Andimba the inspirational leader

• BOB HUGHES

NDIMBA Toivo ya Toivo is an inspirational leader of Swapo of Namibia who I remember with admira- Ation and affection and like to call a personal friend. He attended and spoke at the Anti-Apartheid Movement National Convention in 1984 and the quarter of a million strong Nelson Mandela Freedom Rally in Hyde Park, Lon- don in 1988, the latter bringing real poignancy and realism as he had shared time on Robben Island with Madiba. Those of us who were active in the Anti-Apartheid Move- ment were able to share and play a part in the struggle for freedom in southern Africa with the giants of Africa such as Toivo ya Toivo. Much remains to be done to tackle the legacies of the apartheid years, and the successor to AAM, Action for Southern Africa, continues to be inspired by the example of Ya Toivo in striving to deal with the massive challenges which remain. We wish him a very happy birthday and good wishes for the future for him, his wife Vicki and family.

Photo: Anti-Apartheid Movement Archives * Bob Hughes was the chair of the Anti-Apartheid Move- INSPIRATIONAL … Andimba Toivo ya Toivo with ES Reddy and then Labour leader Neil Kinnock at the Anti-Apartheid ment and president Action for Southern Africa (ACTSA). As Movement’s 25th anniversary convention in June 1984. Lord Hughes of Woodside he is a member of House of Lords.

Andimba Herman Toivo ya Toivo ‘My teacher, my mentor, my friend’

• Helao Joseph Shityuwete in the importance of unifying the country to achieve independence remains now as we e met for the first time in the seek to promote development and greater 1950s, where he taught me equality in Namibia. These are ideals I WEnglish under a tree at Odibo, share. when he himself was also a student. He was Although I am approaching my 80th an excellent teacher, even then, and I was birthday, I am still his younger brother. I hungry to learn. look up to him as my mentor and hero and Even though we went our separate ways I am honoured to be at his side to ‘carry his (me to Walvis Bay and other contracts, he stick’ for the rest of the years we may have to Cape Town) we never lost sight of each left together. other. When I was in Walvis Bay I read the story of his expulsion from Cape Town in 1958 in the newspaper and followed sub- sequent events. When I left Walvis Bay in 1961, I went to visit him at Okaloko, where he was under house arrest. This is when we planned to leave Namibia for New York via Angola, but this failed to work out on two occasions. In 1962, Andimba and I linked up again Photo: Family Album when the first United Nations delegation BACK TO WHERE IT STARTED … Anti-Apartheid struggle warriors Andimba Toivo ya came to Namibia, headed by Victorio Car- Toivo, Mike Dingake and Helao Shityuwete revisited Robben Island to recall the days pio. Andimba, I and others demonstrated to they spent there. insist that he meets our delegation and in the end he agreed. Contract labour again took me to Wind- tenced together, during which he delivered ent ways again, but we never lost touch. He hoek and in 1964 I decided to go abroad in his great speech, which made us proud and visited me at the University of Birmingham search of education, but I was deemed “over- strong but angered the judge. in the UK, where I was studying. age” at the age of 30 and took up military After being sentenced and sent to Robben After independence we training instead. On my return to Namibia in Island, we stayed and worked together in worked together to form 1966, I was arrested and detained in Preto- the same team until 1972, when we were all the Namibian Former ria. Once again fate was to bring us together sent to the Mandela section. After a week, Robben Island Polit- when he was arrested in 1967 and came to Andimba was separated from us and given ical Prisoners Trust join me in Pretoria. 18 days solitary confinement, after which he (NFRIPPT) in 1993. In While in detention we met only during our was placed with Mandela while the rest of 1995 we were invited exercise sessions, where we managed to dis- us were sent to D Section. to and visited Robben cuss politics and the future of our country. Although communication was difficult, we Island for a reunion. This is where I came to see his great lead- managed to keep in touch with each other by Andimba is a ership qualities. Facing the death sentence means of hidden notes on toilet paper. This wonderful friend. He and enduring torture, as we all were, he mo- ensured that we kept up our good spirits, as is mischievous, a tivated and encouraged us not to give in and we had done in Pretoria. His role as a leader terrible tease, gener- to believe that we would overcome whatever of Namibian prisoners on Robben Island ous, inclusive and a lay ahead. We went through the infamous never wavered. man of honour and terrorism trial and were charged and sen- After Robben Island our paths went differ- integrity. His belief Page |16 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

be relieved of his duties in September 2012. He has, however, since then made himself available for NRCS activities and continues to officiate at the various Red Cross events and this speaks volumes about his voluntary spirit. Everyone who has known him will agree A humanitarian that Ya Toivo is a straight talker and does not mince his words about how he feels about a situation. This has earned him respect and par excellence admiration. He is admired by many not only in Na- mibia but in many other countries, especially in South Africa due to his shared history erman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo is of the liberation struggle with many of that not only a respected personality as a country’s political leaders such as Nelson political icon, but to the Red Cross H Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Ahmed Kathrada, family locally and internationally, he is a Oliver Tambo and others. Those who have humanitarian par excellence who has dis- known him will remember that he often gets played his care and love for humanity through Photo: The Namibian Archives his voluntary service to the most vulnerable followed by people wanting to greet him or Namibians. HUMANITARIAN … For years Andimba Toivo ya Toivo served the Red Cross take photos with him and he will always take “Tatekulu” as he is affectionately known by Society of Namibia as chairperson of the governing board as well as patron. time to chat to them. A group of NRCS staff staff, volunteers and beneficiaries of the Na- Dorkas Kapembe-Haiduwa (left) is the secretary general of the organisation and and volunteers who once travelled with him to mibia Red Cross Society, has over the decades the new chairperson of the governing board is Peter Katjavivi. Johannesburg for a meeting many years ago, been a familiar face at the NRCS offices and remember how they were startled by a group all official functions and meetings, giving his of security guards who wanted to get to know time and commitment selflessly. He carries while millions were raised nationally for ap- known for his signature greeting “who are him at Oliver Tambo International Airport. On an aura which commands respect and honour. peals towards disaster response. He managed you?” followed by “where are you from and enquiry they were told that they recognised Apart from being among the many Namibians to successfully lobby for government financial who are your parents?” This might sound like him and just wanted to greet him and take who were incarcerated for years at Robben support for the NRCS in the form of an annual a mere way of trying to know people better, photos with him. The sight was reportedly Island who received visits, material and moral subsidy. Today the Namibia Red Cross Society but everyone knows Ya Toivo as a caring per- very humbling, although it took them some support from the International Committee also boasts owning a plot at Katima Mulilo in son who will always stop and greet and find time to leave the group as he started chatting of the Red Cross (ICRC), Ya Toivo upon his the Zambezi Region housing the regional of- out how you are doing and ending with “how to everyone and wanting to know them better. release showed appreciation by supporting fice, which was acquired through his support. is the Red Cross?” The Red Cross family feels honoured and local humanitarian activities implemented by During his tenure as chairperson of the NRCS He joined the Namibia Red Cross Society humbled to have been part of Honourable Ya the Namibia Red Cross Society. governing board, Ya Toivo represented the as a board member in November 2005 and be- Toivo’s journey and history and wishes him Among the notable contributions were NRCS at national and international confer- came the chairperson of the Governing Board renewed strength and good health to continue the various fundraising activities which he ences. in 2006. He was honoured as Patron of NRCS blessing us with his presence. spearheaded and raised thousands of dollars, In the Namibia Red Cross circles he is from November 2011 until he requested to Happy 90th birthday tatekulu!

Dear Andimba

As you celebrate your 90th birthday today, may the whole Universe smile at you. May the Christ of the Universe be kind to you and give you peace. May you accept our humble appreciation for the long- term friendship we have enjoyed with you. May the years ahead be light, once filled with hope and happiness.

We at Kapia Optics just want you to know that we love you with all our hearts. We thank God for your illustrious life and we are highly appreciative of the price you have paid for Namibia and her people.

May this day be one of the best days of your life and may you live to be 150.

From all of us at Kapia Optics Page |17 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

Ya Toivo’s 1968 Court Statement:

My Lord, you found it necessary to brand me as a coward. During the Second World War, when it became evident that both my country and your country were threatened by the dark clouds of Nazism, I risked my life to defend Photo: Family Collection both of them, wearing a uniform with orange bands on it. BACK IN THE DAYS … Andimba Toivo ya Toivo with friends Peter Kauluma and Simon Mzee Kaukungwa – Ya Toivo in 1997.

Photo: Tony Figueira

DOWN MEMORY LANE ... Chat with former Robben The Credo of Our Struggle Island stalwarts during one of his visits to the Island.

• Phanuel Kaapama and it expedient to convict Ya Toivo, but also tried considered not only as one of the classic state- supremacy (that white people have been cho- ellen Ndeshi Namhila to discredit him as a political leader. Ya Toivo ments of African resistance to colonialism, but sen by God to rule the world) and apartheid. in turn insisted on responding to this attack also one of the most inspiring defences of the We believe that for 50 years South Africa has n recognition of his pioneering leader- on his persona, even though his legal defence right of oppressed peoples to take up arms. failed to promote development of our people. ship, unwavering dedication and sacrifices cautioned him that his sentence may as a result Lastly the statement became an interna- Where are our trained men? The wealth of our Itowards the noble goals of freedom, and be increased. Notwithstanding the gravity of tional rallying call which challenged the country has been used to train your people for emancipation of all his countrymen and wom- the possible consequences, he took the bull by initial intransigent handling of the Namibian leadership and the sacred duty of preparing the en, Andimba Toivo ya Toivo earned himself the horns, by reminding Judge Ludorf in no independence question by the international indigenous people to take their place among tremendous praises and veneration not only at uncertain terms that “My Lord, you found it community. “Your government, my Lord, the nations of the world has been ignored… home in Namibia, but also across the African necessary to brand me as a coward. During the undertook a very special responsibility when In the same way as all laughed in court when continent and abroad. Among his numerous Second World War, when it became evident it was awarded the mandate over us after the they heard that an old man tried to bring down exceptional exploits is his ground-breaking role that both my country and your country were First World War. It assumed a sacred trust to a helicopter with bow and arrow, we laughed in the political mobilisation of Namibian expa- threatened by the dark clouds of Nazism, I guide us towards independence and to prepare when South Africa said that it would oppose triate contract workers in South Africa in the risked my life to defend both of them, wearing us to take our place among the nations of the world.” 1950s. His successful sneaking out of petitions a uniform with orange bands on it. But some the world. We believe that South Africa has Happy 90th birthday. “Kulupa nomeho to the United Nations, which chronicled the of your countrymen when called to battle abused that trust because of its belief in racial tatekulu Andimba, mayego tuku taasinine”. recurring acts of injustices committed against to defend civilization resorted his people by the colonial administration. His to sabotage against their own ineffaceable role in the founding of the Ovam- fatherland. I volunteered to face boland People Congress, the frontrunner to German bullets, and as a guard Namibia’s most formidable liberation move- of military installations, both ment the South West African People Organiza- in South West Africa and the tion (Swapo), is another mark that Ya Toivo has Republic, was prepared to be the made on the Namibian political landscape. He victim of their sabotage. Today remains one of the most eminent prisoners of they are our masters and are conscience in the history of Namibia, for daring considered the heroes and I am to openly challenge the legitimacy of the South called the coward”. This state- African colonial rule over his beloved Namibia. ment therefore eventually led to This tribute is specifically penned as a an amendment of the Criminal humble contribution to the 90th birthday Procedures Act, so as to deprive celebration of a legendary leader and an icon of accused persons the right to the Namibian independence struggle, Tatekulu speak from the dock “to make Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo. It proffers excerpts propaganda against the State and of his legendary, courageous and steering insult the judge”. statement, delivered on 1 February 1968 in Regarding the grievances that the Pretoria Supreme Court where he and 36 he and the leadership of Swapo others were being tried on charges of terrorism. raised regarding the South Afri- As he put it then in his statement, he justified can false claim of its right and his speaking on behalf of his co–accused as legitimacy to rule the colonized follows: “I speak of ‘we’ because I am trying territory, Ya Toivo unequivocally to speak not only for myself, but for others stated that “our organisation, as well, and especially for those of my fellow the South West African People’s accused who have not had the benefit of any Organisation, is the largest polit- education. I think also that when I say ‘we’, the ical organisation in South West overwhelming majority of non–white people in Africa. We considered ourselves South West Africa would like to be included” a political party. We know that He commenced his statement by emphatical- whites do not think of blacks as ly stating for the record that he and his 36 co – politicians – only as agitators… accused found themselves ushered against their Our grievances are called ‘so– will to “… a foreign country, convicted under called’ grievances …Only one laws made by people whom we have always who is not white and has suffered considered as foreigners. We find ourselves the way we have can say whether tried by a judge who is not our countryman and our grievances are real or ‘so- who has not shared our background…You, my called”. Lord, decided that you had the right to try us, In various newspaper articles because your parliament gave you that right. published at the time of his As a young company we are inspired by your courage, That ruling has not and could not have changed release after his confinement perseverance, humility and commitment to democracy. our feelings. We are Namibians and not South of 16 years the Robben Island Africans. We do not now, and will not in the maximum security penitentia- future, recognise your right to govern us; to ry, ya Toivo was deservedly It is on this foundation you have set for the Republic, make laws for us in which we had no say; to described as a symbolic martyr that we are building our company`s creativity, innovation and treat our country as if it were your property of Namibia’s independence. In economic growth for future generations. and as if you were our master”. This court- particular his February 1968 room oratory became one of the most eloquent statement continued to be appro- explanations ever given of why Namibians priately recognised as a credo for wanted independence from South Africa. Namibian revolutionaries, which In his memoirs, George Bizos, a member of has been quoted again and again Happy birthday Tate Kulu! the legal defence team, noted that Judge Josef as a classic symbol of humanist Francis Ludorf in his judgment not only found black nationalism. For it is rightly Page |18 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

FITNESS FANATIC … Andimba Toivo ya Toivo has kept good shape throughout the years with rigorous training which involves swimming, gym and ex- ercises at home. The photos were taken when he was 80 years old. Photos: Sakaria Kadhikwa Ya Toivo meets Capitol Hill

• JACKIE ASHEEKE specifically including Namibia in all of our to coordinate the Washington, DC portion of they oppress.” anti-apartheid lobbying work. Our organisation his trip. Back in those Cold War-thinking days, Ya Toivo spoke of Malcolm X, Marcus HE release from prison of Andimba often worked with the UN Swapo office, var- WOA didn’t waste its breath visiting far right Garvey, WEB Dubois, and others, flawlessly Toivo ya Toivo in March 1984 was ious agencies of the Lutheran Church and the wing crazies like the Republican senator Jesse weaving their points about racism in the USA Tmet with much celebration by the US UN Council for Namibia. Together with these Helms of North Carolina or segregationist into the struggle for justice in Namibia. anti-apartheid movement. Those of us working major entities as well as labour unions, The Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, who were Before Ya Toivo’s lobbying visits, my in the movement who were lobbying in support Namibia Concerns Committee, the Southern true believers that being anti-communist was boss delivered briefing sessions for him. She of Namibia through the legislative channels in Africa Support Project and many others, WOA more important than human rights. Lawmakers reviewed the potential attitudes and level of Washington, DC, were particularly enthusiastic. successfully sponsored a host of legislative of that ilk assiduously worked to block imple- receptiveness of the legislators or journalists At the time, I was the young executive assistant briefings, supplied legal drafting assistance, mentation of UN Resolution 435 on Namibia he would be meeting. I was amazed at how at the Washington Office on Africa (WOA) expert advice on Namibia, educational speaking until Cuban troops left Angola. This was, in quickly he inculcated the information into working closely with my boss and mentor, Dr tours, media programmes and other activities to essence, the Reagan Administration’s “Linkage his knowledge base and effortlessly used it Jean Sindab (1944-1996) who was the organi- elevate the Namibian issue. Policy.” during his presentations, informal banter and sation’s executive director. In 1985, when Ya Toivo embarked on his first Into this US political cauldron in 1985, An- answers to questions. Constantly, he brought WOA had a movement-wide reputation of USA visit after his release, WOA was asked dimba Toivo ya Toivo entered the fray. every conversation around to Namibia, the While never shouting, ranting need to implement 435, the rejection of the or showing any anger during linkage policy, the need for funding for the his visits, Ya Toivo came out UN Institute for Namibia, and an end for US fighting and was on the attack on military support for Unita. Often he had to do all points. He talked about his mini-geography lessons. life on Robben Island and most While I was unable to unearth any old importantly, why he was sent copies of his itineraries from so long ago, old by Swapo to the USA. He gave colleagues helped me recall his visits while in updates on the struggle inside and Washington. He visited with Members of the outside Namibia and in particular, Congressional Black Caucus and the House the war situation in Angola. He Africa Subcommittee (chaired by Howard held court with the already-con- Wolpe from Michigan). He had historic meet- verted and reaffirmed their belief ings with the great Congressmen Ronald V that what they were doing made a Dellums and John Conyers, Senators Ted Ken- difference. nedy, John Kerry (now Secretary of State of But surprisingly for some of the USA), Paul Simon (chairman of the Senate us who accompanied him on his Africa sub-committee), Lowell Weicker (a rare programmes, he held the rapt species: A liberal Republican), Christopher attention of the unconvinced Dodd, and Richard Lugar (Chair of the Senate too! Many ‘wavering’ journalists Foreign Relations Committee, responsible for and legislators, who repeated the legislation affecting Namibia) and others. He ‘linkage’ excuse for blocking the presented the Swapo action agenda, answered implementation of UN Resolu- all queries, gave history lessons about south- tion 435, received a calm, cool, ern Africa and even told stories that often left point by point explanation of how the room laughing. He commanded rooms wrong they were. The repartee filled with powerful men. with those throwing accusations An archivist of the anti-apartheid movement at him about his ‘communist’ and a former colleague from the American leanings, or his support for the Committee on Africa, Richard Knight, sent ‘violence of Swapo’, was stimu- me several links to relevant documents that lating. Each comment was met have been scanned and saved. He sent me an with the truth about life under old programme from a ‘National Conference apartheid colonialism. Old col- on Namibia and the US” held at the Lutheran leagues reminded me that on one School of Theology in Chicago – 23-25 July, of his visits he paraphrased Fre- 1987, from a second Ya Toivo visit to the USA. drick Douglass, the great former Ya Toivo was not only the keynote speak- slave and eloquent statesman for er, but he also did press interviews. During freedom and equal rights. The the opening lunch, he sat next to the book- actual full quote of Douglass was: ish-looking, bespectacled senator Paul Simon “Power concedes nothing with- to directly lobby him on Namibian issues. As out a demand. It never did and we celebrate the 90th birthday of an icon of it never will. Find out just what Namibia, we must also remember his long any people will quietly submit to reach of effectiveness. His scope not only and you have found out the exact includes past achievements that are well doc- measure of injustice and wrong umented, but some that are nearly forgotten, which will be imposed upon like those visits to the USA. It should always them, and these will continue be remembered that he was among the Swapo till they are resisted with either leaders that touched armies of people in words or blows, or both. The different places around the world and helped limits of tyrants are prescribed them make a significant positive impact on the by the endurance of those whom independence struggle. Page |19 Friday 22 August 2014 Herman Andimba Toivo ya Toivo at 90

Photo: Family Collection Photo: Family Collection TRIO … Ya Toivo with Ben Ulenga and the late IN ARMS … Ya Toivo with Oliver Tambo. African National Congress stalwart Walter Sisulu.

Photo: Family Collection

MEDIA BRIEFING … During a media briefing with Hendrik Witbooi (left) and former Swapo president Sam Nujoma in March 1984 at Lusaka, Zambia.

TOUGHTFUL … Niko Bessinger and Toivo.

QUICK CHAT ... Ya Toivo and Thabo Mbeki.

Photos: Family Collection STRAIGHT UP … As a railway guard in 1952 at Cape Town.

IN HIS SHOP … Ya Toivo had a shop (Cash Store) in 1963 and is seen behind the counter. Photo: Van Kalker Studios, Cape Town. Photo: LOOK ALIKES … With his brother Nestor (left) in 1955. Ben Amadhila

NOTED … Ex- changing notes as Minister of Labour with for- mer International Labour Organ- isation Director General Juan Photo: Family Collection Somavia. FIELD WORK … Ya Toivo with the late former Swapo Secretary General Photo: Moses //Garoeb (right) in 1986. Family Collection