Report United Nations Council for Namibia
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RUMOURS of RAIN: NAMIBIA's POST-INDEPENDENCE EXPERIENCE Andre Du Pisani
SOUTHERN AFRICAN ISSUES RUMOURS OF RAIN: NAMIBIA'S POST-INDEPENDENCE EXPERIENCE Andre du Pisani THE .^-y^Vr^w DIE SOUTH AFRICAN i^W*nVv\\ SUID AFRIKAANSE INSTITUTE OF f I \V\tf)) }) INSTITUUT VAN INTERNATIONAL ^^J£g^ INTERNASIONALE AFFAIRS ^*^~~ AANGELEENTHEDE SOUTHERN AFRICAN ISSUES NO 3 RUMOURS OF RAIN: NAMIBIA'S POST-INDEPENDENCE EXPERIENCE Andre du Pisani ISBN NO.: 0-908371-88-8 February 1991 Toe South African Institute of International Affairs Jan Smuts House P.O. Box 31596 Braamfontein 2017 Johannesburg South Africa CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 POUTICS IN AFRICA'S NEWEST STATE 2 National Reconciliation 2 Nation Building 4 Labour in Namibia 6 Education 8 The Local State 8 The Judiciary 9 Broadcasting 10 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC REALM - AN UNBALANCED INHERITANCE 12 Mining 18 Energy 19 Construction 19 Fisheries 20 Agriculture and Land 22 Foreign Exchange 23 FOREIGN RELATIONS - NAMIBIA AND THE WORLD 24 CONCLUSIONS 35 REFERENCES 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40 ANNEXURES I - 5 and MAP 44 INTRODUCTION Namibia's accession to independence on 21 March 1990 was an uplifting event, not only for the people of that country, but for the Southern African region as a whole. Independence brought to an end one of the most intractable and wasteful conflicts in the region. With independence, the people of Namibia not only gained political freedom, but set out on the challenging task of building a nation and defining their relations with the world. From the perspective of mediation, the role of the international community in bringing about Namibia's independence in general, and that of the United Nations in particular, was of a deep structural nature. -
PO Box 20449
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO NEW EXTENSIONS IN KARASBURG FINAL SCOPING REPORT APRIL 2019 Project Title: KARASBURG TOWNSHIP ESTABLISHMENT Type of Project: ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING ASSESSMENT Project Location: REMAINDER OF PORTION 8 (A PORTION OF PORTION A) OF THE FARM KALKFONTEIN WEST NO. 48; AND REMAINDER OF PORTION 7 (A PORTION OF PORTION A) OF THE FARM KALKFONTEIN WEST NO. 48. Competent Authority: MINISTRY OF URBAN AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT NAMIBIA PLANNING AND ADVISORY BOARD / TOWNSHIPS BOARD PRIVATE BAG 13289 WINDHOEK NAMIBIA Approving Authority DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND TOURISM PRIVATE BAG 13306 WINDHOEK Proponent/Client: KARASBURG TOWN COUNCIL PO BOX 33 KARASBURG Consultancy: WINPLAN PO BOX 90761, KLEIN WINDHOEK TEL.: (061) 246 761 E-MAIL: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. i LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF MAPS .......................................................................................................................................... iv APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................................... -
Lessons Drawn from the Apartheid Litigation
21 Towards Making Blood Money Visible: Lessons Drawn from the Apartheid Litigation INGRID GUBBAY* I INTRODUCTION UCH HAS BEEN written and said about the conceptual challenges raised in the two cases comprising the Apartheid litigation1 (‘Re Apartheid’). Of the 100 Mcases or so run under the Alien Tort Claims Act2 (ATCA) since its reinvigora- tion in 1980, Re Apartheid is unique in that it has spotlighted the high level of ‘collabora- tion/integration between non South African sectors of the business community and the State, in extending, maintaining, and profiteering from the Apartheid regime’.3 First filed under the ATCA in the Southern District Court in 2002, the South African plaintiffs have sought to publicly interrogate banks and other major corporations for their key role in allegedly supporting the crimes against humanity committed by the regime during the period of its operation between 1948 until the election of Nelson Mandela in 1994. The case narrative, told first through the reports to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa4 (TRC), and later in the US courts, establishes unequivocally that the financial and operational support provided by certain corporations maintained * The author is the European head of human rights and environmental law at Hausfeld & Co LLP, based in London. Her role in the litigation is to assist on areas of international law, and liaise with members of the Khulumani group. She worked in South Africa taking depositions from the named plaintiffs in the Khulumani case. The author would like to thank the Khulumani litigation team in Re Apartheid, for their contribution to this chapter. -
Episcopalciiuriimen
EPISCOPALCIIURIIMEN soUru VAFR[CA Room 1005 * 853 Broadway, New York, N . Y. 10003 • Phone : (212) 477-0066 , —For A free Southern Afilcu ' May 1982 MISSIONS MOVEMENTS NAMIBIA 'The U .S. 'overnment has become an agent in South Africa's "holy crusade" against Communism . ' - The Rev Dr Albertus Maasdorp, general secretary of the Council of Churches in Namibia, THE NEW YORK TIMES, 25 April 1982. It was a . mission of frustration and a harsh learning experience . Four Namibian churchmen made a month-long visit to Western nations to express their feelings about the unending, agonizing occupation of their country by the South African regime and the fruitless talks on a Namibian settlement which the .Western Contact Group - the USA, Britain, France ,West Germany and Canada - has staged for five long years . Anglican Bishop James Kauluma, presi- dent of the Council of Churches in Namibia ; Bishop Kleopas Du neni of the Evangelical Luth- eran Ovambokavango Church ; Pastor Albertus Maasdorp, general secretary of the CCN ;, and the, assistant to Bishop D,mmeni, Pastor Absalom Hasheela, were accompanied by a representative of the South African Council of Churches and the general secretary of the All Africa Coun- cil of Oburches which sponsored the trip . They visited France, Sweden, Britain and Canada, end terminated their journey in the United States . It was here that the Namibian pilgrims encountered the steely disregard for Namibian aspirations by functionaries of a major power mapped up in its geopolitical stratagems. They met with Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Chester .Crocker, whose time is primarily devoted to pursuing the mirage of a Pretorian agreement to the United Nations settlement plan for Namibia . -
Namibia Legal Environment Assessment of HIV and AIDS
Namibia Legal Environment Assessment Of HIV and AIDS Consultants AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa: International Consultant Legal Assistance Centre: National Consultant Final Report March 2016 1 | P a g e Table of Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 6 Part I ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction and Background .............................................................................................. 10 Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................................ 11 Aim .................................................................................................................................. 11 Specific objectives ........................................................................................................... 11 Key Deliverables .............................................................................................................. 12 Implementation Modalities .................................................................................................. 12 Technical Approach ........................................................................................................ -
The Main Vegetation Types of Kaokoland, Northern Damaraland and a Description of Some Transects of Owambo, Etosha and North Western South West Africa
THE MAIN VEGETATION TYPES OF KAOKOLAND, NORTHERN DAMARALAND AND A DESCRIPTION OF SOME TRANSECTS OF OWAMBO, ETOSHA AND NORTH WESTERN SOUTH WEST AFRICA Rui Ildegario de Sousa Correia June 1976 ~ € id Tdi MAIN VEGETATION TYPES OF KAOKOLAND, NORTHERN DAMARALAND AND A DESCRIPTION OF SOME TRANSECTS OF OWAMBO, ETOSHA AND NORTH WESTERN SOUT WEST AFRICA The general ecological conditions that influence the vege- tation types of the study area have already been described in a previous report. The main factor influencing vegetation here, is rainfall. Topography plays a very important paralel role related with an additional distribution of rainwater by the superficial drainage of hills and mountains to the neighbouring flats " and slopes. Concerning the soils, it appears that the physical structure is of more importance than the chemical composition, as this (the structure) determines the availability of water for root development. - Iu some specific instances the soil seems to have a marked effect on the vegetation such as the superficial calcareous layer in south-eastern Kaokoland. The influence of the watersheds is also well marked in deter- mining vegetation types, whether floristic or physiognomic. In addition both physiognomic features and floristic composi- tion have been used to determine the boundaries of the various vegetation types as described. Judicious use/..... ‘co Judicious use was also made of "indicator" species, whether by its occurence or by its absence. The following have been used-<« Baikeea plurijuga - Typical of red “alahari sands in the me~- dian and higher rainfall areas (300 - 700 mm/2),“- Spirostachys africane - Usually appears on the edge of pans (such as Owambo and Southern Angola) and along seasonal rockey c : or sandy dry water courses exept in the desert country courses. -
Israeli Infiltration in South Africa
Israeli infiltration in South Africa Na’eem Jeenah Executive Director, Afro-Middle East Centre January 2010 Al Jazeera Centre for Studies Tel: +974-4930181 Fax: +974-4831346 [email protected] www.aljazeera.net/studies Introduction The year 1948 witnessed both the establishment of the state of Israel and the establishment of the ‘Republic of South Africa’, ruled from then until 1994 by the Nationalist Party, using the ideology of Apartheid. In 1953, South Africa’s Prime Minister, Danie Malan, became the first head of government in the world to pay an official visit to Israel. This fact underlines the relationship that was later to develop between the South African Apartheid state and Israel, a relationship that would endure into South Africa’s post-Apartheid era – albeit in different forms. The relationship between South Africa and Israel developed because it was mutually beneficial to both. As negotiations took place in South Africa between the liberation movements and the Apartheid state, there was expectation from many quarters that the relationship would be severed with the ushering in of a democratic government in South Africa, controlled by liberation organisations which had close relationships with the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). Instead, while some areas of that relationship were downgraded, others were strengthened. Early Israel-Apartheid South Africa relations It seems surprising that the South African Nationalist Party had, over the period of a few years developed such close ties with Israel when its luminaries had, prior to 1948, been extremely Judeophobic and had supported Nazi Germany during the Second World War and offered to lead a coup in South Africa against the British on behalf of Nazi Germany. -
4 October 1985
other prices on page 2 MPC plans UK foreign office BY GWEN LISTER PLANS HAVE REACHED an advanced stage to open an office with an undisclosed status in London to promote the interim government abroad. The Head of the Department of Interstate Relations, Mr Carl von Bach, and the new co· ordinator of the London venture, Mr Sean Cleary, have ar· rived in london to prepare for the new operation. The interim government's Minister of Justice and Information, Mr Fanuel Kozonguizi, has confirmed that the London office will be elevat ed to a new status, but the interim Cabinet must still take a final de cision on the modalities of the new campaign. It was not yet cl ear whether Mr Cleary will be permanently stationed in London. 'It is up to him' Mr Kozo nguizi said. He added that the 'extern~ l poli cy' o f the interim admini stration till had to be established. At this stage they would no~be.~eeking 'inter.na tional recognition', Mr Kozonguizi said. A fo rmer So uth African diplo mat, Mr Sean Cleary took over from Mr Billy Marais as Public Relations Consultant fo r the interim govern POLICE WATCH burning barricades in Athlone, Cape Town, the scene of continuing vio ment on October 1. In that position this week. he will be controlling public relations See inside today for the story of dramatic protests at the University of the Western Cape. MR SEAN CLEA RY - interim (Photograph by Dave Hartman of Afrapix). government's 'rovi ng ambassador'. Continued on page 3 Ministers may boycott Council BIG SPRING BY GWEN LISTER net, the participation of two vote in a Cabinet meeting ofSep COMPETITION groups in the Constitutional tember 11. -
Namibia a Violation of Trust
AN OXFAM REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR POVERTY IN NAMIBIA M Y First Published 1986 ©Oxfam 1986 ISBN 0 85598 0761 Printed in Great Britain by Express Litho Service (Oxford) Published by Oxfam 274 Banbury Road Oxford 0X2 7DZ United Kingdom This book converted to digital file in 2010 Acknowledgements My main thanks must go to all the Namibian people who generously gave their time and expertise to help with the research for this book, particularly Oxfam friends and partners. I am also grateful to the Overseas Development Administration, the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, the Catholic Institute for International Relations and the Namibian Support Committee for their assistance in providing information. Thanks are especially due for the time and advice given by all those who read and commented on the drafts. In particular, I am grateful to Richard Moorsom who helped with both research and editing, and to Justin Ellis, Julio Faundez, Peter Katjavivi, Prudence Smith, Paul Spray and Brian Wood. This book reflects the collective experience of Oxfam's work in Namibia over the past twenty-two years and I have therefore relied on the active collaboration of Oxfam staff and trustees. Sue Coxhead deserves special thanks for her help with research and typing. Finally, without the special help with childcare given by Mandy Bristow, Caroline Lovick and Prudence Smith, the book would never have seen the light of day. Susanna Smith March 1986 ANGOLA A M B I A 3*S^_5 Okavango Si Swamp .or Map 1: Namibia and its neighbours Map 2: Namibia B OTSWANA frontiers restricted areas 'homelands' tar roads AT LANTIC «~ other roads OCEAN railways rivers Luderi I capital city A main towns A mines: 1 TSUMEB copper/lead 2 ROSSING uranium 3 ORANJEMUNO diamonds Oranjemu Scale: 100 200 miles AFRICA Adapted from The Namibians, the Minority Rights Group report no. -
Critical Geopolitics of Foreign Involvement in Namibia: a Mixed Methods Approach
CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS OF FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT IN NAMIBIA: A MIXED METHODS APPROACH by MEREDITH JOY DEBOOM B.A., University of Iowa, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Arts Department of Geography 2013 This thesis entitled: Critical Geopolitics of Foreign Involvement in Namibia: A Mixed Methods Approach written by Meredith Joy DeBoom has been approved for the Department of Geography John O’Loughlin, Chair Joe Bryan, Committee Member Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii Abstract DeBoom, Meredith Joy (M.A., Geography) Critical Geopolitics of Foreign Involvement in Namibia: A Mixed Methods Approach Thesis directed by Professor John O’Loughlin In May 2011, Namibia’s Minister of Mines and Energy issued a controversial new policy requiring that all future extraction licenses for “strategic” minerals be issued only to state-owned companies. The public debate over this policy reflects rising concerns in southern Africa over who should benefit from globally-significant resources. The goal of this thesis is to apply a critical geopolitics approach to create space for the consideration of Namibian perspectives on this topic, rather than relying on Western geopolitical and political discourses. Using a mixed methods approach, I analyze Namibians’ opinions on foreign involvement, particularly involvement in natural resource extraction, from three sources: China, South Africa, and the United States. -
ANGOLA ZAMBIA Ovausciland RHODESIA BOTSWANA SOUTH
4 • • ANGOLA ZAMBIA OvAUSCILAND : AV ANOO RHODESIA BOTSWANA SWAKOPMUND, • WINDHOEK WALVIS BAY LUDERITZ SOUTH AFRICA NAMIBIA IN OUTLINE Formerly known as South West Africa, Namibia was officially renamed in June 1968 by resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. On 27 October 1966, the UN formally assumed direct responsibility amibia for Namibia after unilaterally revoking the Mandate over the territory granted to South Africa by the League of Nations in 1920. However, the UN has so far been unable to translate this formal responsibility into effective control. South Africa refuses to recognize UN authority 1. Introduction in Namibia and continues to administer the country. Amnesty International is particularly concerned about the following issues in A relatively large but sparsely populated country, Namibia has a Namibia: total land area of some 825,000 square kilometers. It is strategically located in the south-western corner of Africa and is bordered on the the widespread use of detention without trial to suppress political west by the Atlantic Ocean. Neighbours to the north are Angola and opposition and intimidate opponents of continued South African rule Zambia, to the east Botswana, and to the south and east South Africa. in Namibia; Walvis Bay, the main port, is a South African enclave. the torture of political detainees; In 1974, Namibia's population was estimated at 852,000. Africans the application to Namibia of various South African security laws such comprised 88%, the whites constituted the remaining 12%. as the Terrorism Act, the Internal Security Act and the "Sabotage Act"; Despite this extreme racial imbalance, 43% of Namibia's land area the imprisonment in South African—rather than in Namibian—prisons is reserved for occupation by the white settler minority under South of Namibians convicted of political offences, and the South African Africa's 1964 Odendaal Commission proposals. -
The Internal Settlement: a Counterinsurgency Strategy by Thomas G
Conflict Quarterly The Internal Settlement: A Counterinsurgency Strategy by Thomas G. Mitchell INTRODUCTION Internal settlements are especially applicable to Southern Africa where the independent settler colonies of Namibia, Rhodesia, and South Africa had/ have locally born settler elites facing insurgencies from the majority black populationandinternationaleconomicsanctions. Thisarticleexaminescooption through internal settlements as a political counterinsurgency strategy. It will discuss why and when internal settlements occur, who is involved in them, what their goals are and why they failed to achieve them. It will concentrate on internal settlements in Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa, under white settler regimes, but the article is also relevant to Central and possibly South America, Northern Ireland, and East Asia. Internal settlements are particularly suited to settler regimes and pariah states — often these two groups have overlapping membership.1 Settler regimes are found where a particular ethnic or racial group has entered an area and established control over the indigenous population. Settler states exist throughout Latin America wherever a white minority or mestizo rules over a majority black, Indian or mestizo population.2 Internal settlements have a very poor track record of achieving the goals that their authors set for them and thereby serving as a successful counterinsur gency (COIN) warfare strategy. Because of the desire to retain power, there is always a strong temptation among ruling settler elites, especially those that are international pariahs and face economic sanctions, to resort to them in an attempt to see sanctions lifted or to avoid their implementation.3 There are abundant theoretical studies on counter-insurgency strategy and methods, most of them having been written since the early 1960s.