PRISM::Advent3b2 8.25

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PRISM::Advent3b2 8.25 CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 140 Ï NUMBER 125 Ï 1st SESSION Ï 38th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Monday, September 26, 2005 (Part A) Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire´´ at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 7979 HOUSE OF COMMONS Monday, September 26, 2005 The House met at 11 a.m. Electoral Officer for the issue of a writ for the election of a member to fill the vacancy. *** Prayers [Translation] Ï (1100) MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE [Translation] The Speaker: I have the honour to inform the House that a message has been received from the Senate informing this House BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE that the Senate has passed Bill S-37, an act to amend the Criminal Hon. Mauril Bélanger (Minister for Internal Trade, Deputy Code and the Cultural Property Export and Import Act, and Bill Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, Minister S-38, an act respecting the implementation of international trade responsible for Official Languages and Associate Minister of commitments by Canada regarding spirit drinks of foreign countries, National Defence, Lib.): Mr. Speaker, let me wish you and all my to which the concurrence of this House is desired. hon. colleagues a good session. Consultations have taken place with all the parties and, if you were to seek it, I believe that you would find unanimous consent for PRIVATE MEMBERS' BUSINESS the following motion. [English] Ï (1105) That on Tuesday, September 27, 2005, the hours of sitting and order of business shall [English] be those of a Wednesday. [Translation] AGRICULTURE The Speaker: Does the hon. Deputy Leader of the Government in Mr. Leon Benoit (Vegreville—Wainwright, CPC) moved: the House of Commons have the unanimous consent of the House to That, in the opinion of the House, the government should make available directly to move this motion? farmers the 2% strychnine solution. Some hon. members: Agreed. He said: Mr. Speaker, it is encouraging that we start off this session of Parliament with an issue that is probably the most The Speaker: The House has heard the terms of the motion. Is it important issue we will deal with in this Parliament. The issue of the pleasure of the House to adopt the motion? controlling the Richardson's ground squirrel, which is commonly Some hon. members: Agreed. known as the gopher, is an important issue for some of my constituents and for many people in western Canada. (Motion agreed to) I have been pursuing this issue for many years. When I first *** brought it to the House many members laughed that such an issue [English] would be brought before this place. The fact is that the Richardson's VACANCY ground squirrel causes damage of up to $200 million a year in western Canada. We do not know the exact cost but $200 million is a SURREY NORTH rough estimate which seems to make sense when one considers the The Speaker: It is my duty to inform the House that a vacancy crop damage, the extra labour involved in trying to control the has occurred in the representation in the House of Commons for the Richardson's ground squirrel with the limited and ineffective electoral district of Surrey North in the province of British Columbia products that are available, the damage to equipment and machinery by reason of the death of our dear colleague, Mr. Chuck Cadman. due to the holes and the mounds made by gophers, and the livestock that have to be put down because they broke their legs stepping into Pursuant to subsection 28(1) of the Parliament of Canada Act, I a gopher hole. In a bad year, $200 million is certainly a realistic have addressed on Tuesday, July 19, 2005, a warrant to the Chief number and it shows the importance of this issue. 7980 COMMONS DEBATES September 26, 2005 Private Members' Business Two hundred million dollars is a cost that farmers simply cannot One statement is that there are two products available to farmers, stand to bear on top of the other increased costs that they have felt one being a premix that is done by the municipalities. In fact, that over the past months and years. Along with skyrocketing costs, has not been available over the past year. prices of their crops have been declining steadily. The price of wheat, barley, canola, peas and all commodities are as low as I have ever The other statement is that there is a premix that is done in the seen them in the time I have been farming. Toronto area which is then shipped out west. This product is simply At the same time, due to a move made by the government in 1993, mixed with farmers' grain and then shipped back. It is extremely carried out over the last few years, a move that removed the only expensive. The department says that it is an effective product for effective control of the Richardson's ground squirrel, farmers have control. If one were to talk to my neighbours and people across the been forced to bear this extra cost of possibly $200 million a year. Prairies they would hear that it is not effective. that it is extremely That is a lot of money, and it is a serious problem. expensive and that it is impractical. I will just read my motion for the record. It is simple, direct and All farmers are asking for is to have this 2% strychnine solution short. returned to them so they can mix it with their own grain and That, in the opinion of the House, the government should make available directly effectively control this terrible pest that costs up to $200 million or to farmers the 2% strychnine solution. more in a bad year. It should not be that difficult for the government I get a bit uncomfortable standing before the House knowing that to deliver on this. I certainly hope the government will be supporting Canadians are listening to us talk about using a poison to control the motion as we go along in the process to adopt the motion. gophers. Quite frankly, with the kind of damage that has been done, they have to be controlled in some fashion. The strychnine solution If the motion is passed, the issue will be given to the appropriate mixed by farmers themselves is the only effective product that could committee which I assume will be the agriculture committee as it is be made available. That is why it is important that we return this the committee that makes sense. It would deal with it, put legislation product to farmers. together and then have the legislation once again come before House and hopefully passed by the House. The farmers would then have Back in about 1997, I put forward two motions for the production this product returned to them, a product that would safely control the of papers. The Department of Agriculture provided about 200 pages Richardson's ground squirrel, commonly called the gopher. of information that was supposed to explain why it had removed this product from the market in the first place. Quite frankly, it was embarrassing and completely unacceptable. The reasons the What has happened with this product simply demonstrates what government gave for removing this product were completely happens all too often with this government. I hate to step in here unconvincing, and that is putting it mildly. right away sounding so critical of the government. I will acknowl- edge that over the past 100 years Liberal governments have provided There were a few complaints by a few animal rights people and a some good government from time to time. They have not always few complaints that non-targeted species had been poisoned, and provided bad government but unfortunately they have not provided particularly that the poison had been used illegally on neighbours' good government over the past 12 years. dogs and that type of thing. A lot of other substances could be used to poison a neighbour's dog if someone chose to do that. Since it is In its 12 year mandate the government has too often used the same against the law to do that why do we not uphold the law instead of knee-jerk type of reaction that it has used in the strychnine problem. removing this product that is so important to farmers? That is the This demonstrates part of the problem with the government. It issue and that is the issue the government has not dealt with. simply made a decision based on input from fewer than a dozen Just to show how unimportant agriculture is to the government I people, according to the papers which I received under production of would like to point out that this issue is being spearheaded by the papers, who had complained about this product. It did no evaluation Minister of Health instead of the Minister of Agriculture. I of the cost to farmers which is why I cannot give a definite number understand that both departments are involved in making this on the costs to farmers in terms of damage to crops, machinery decision but the Department of Agriculture has a lot more damage, livestock having to be destroyed and that type of thing. A information on this product and on its importance than anyone else. study has never been done. This demonstrates how the government It should have received the information from the Department of operates.
Recommended publications
  • Rebalanced and Revitalized: a Canada Strong
    Rebalanced and Revitalized A Canada Strong and Free Mike Harris & Preston Manning THE FRASER INSTITUTE 2006 Copyright ©2006 by The Fraser Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The authors have worked independently and opinions expressed by them are, therefore, their own, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the supporters or the trustees of The Fraser Institute. The opinions expressed in this document do not necessary represent those of the Montreal Economic Institute or the members of its board of directors. This publication in no way implies that the Montreal Economic Institute or the members of its board of directors are in favour of, or oppose the passage of, any bill. Series editor: Fred McMahon Director of Publication Production: Kristin McCahon Coordination of French publication: Martin Masse Design and typesetting: Lindsey Thomas Martin Cover design by Brian Creswick @ GoggleBox Editorial assistance provided by White Dog Creative Inc. Date of issue: June 2006 Printed and bound in Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Harris, Mike, 945- Rebalanced and revitalized : a Canada strong and free / Mike Harris & Preston Manning Co-published by Institut économique de Montréal. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0–88975–232–X . Canada--Politics and government--2006-. 2. Government information-- Canada. 3. Political participation--Canada. 4. Federal-provincial relations-- Canada. 5. Federal government--Canada. I. Manning, Preston, 942- II. Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) III. Institut économique de Montréal IV.
    [Show full text]
  • PRISM::Advent3b2 8.25
    HOUSE OF COMMONS OF CANADA CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES DU CANADA 39th PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION 39e LÉGISLATURE, 1re SESSION Journals Journaux No. 1 No 1 Monday, April 3, 2006 Le lundi 3 avril 2006 11:00 a.m. 11 heures Today being the first day of the meeting of the First Session of Le Parlement se réunit aujourd'hui pour la première fois de la the 39th Parliament for the dispatch of business, Ms. Audrey première session de la 39e législature, pour l'expédition des O'Brien, Clerk of the House of Commons, Mr. Marc Bosc, Deputy affaires. Mme Audrey O'Brien, greffière de la Chambre des Clerk of the House of Commons, Mr. R. R. Walsh, Law Clerk and communes, M. Marc Bosc, sous-greffier de la Chambre des Parliamentary Counsel of the House of Commons, and Ms. Marie- communes, M. R. R. Walsh, légiste et conseiller parlementaire de Andrée Lajoie, Clerk Assistant of the House of Commons, la Chambre des communes, et Mme Marie-Andrée Lajoie, greffier Commissioners appointed per dedimus potestatem for the adjoint de la Chambre des communes, commissaires nommés en purpose of administering the oath to Members of the House of vertu d'une ordonnance, dedimus potestatem, pour faire prêter Commons, attending according to their duty, Ms. Audrey O'Brien serment aux députés de la Chambre des communes, sont présents laid upon the Table a list of the Members returned to serve in this dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions. Mme Audrey O'Brien dépose sur Parliament received by her as Clerk of the House of Commons le Bureau la liste des députés qui ont été proclamés élus au from and certified under the hand of Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Core 1..160 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 10.50)
    CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 144 Ï NUMBER 049 Ï 2nd SESSION Ï 40th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Thursday, April 30, 2009 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 2903 HOUSE OF COMMONS Thursday, April 30, 2009 The House met at 10 a.m. ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES READJUSTMENT ACT Mr. Dennis Bevington (Western Arctic, NDP) moved for leave to introduce Bill C-374, An Act to change the name of the electoral district of Western Arctic. Prayers He said: Mr. Speaker, I hope soon that you will be able to call me by the new name of my riding, which is really the Northwest Territories. People ask me many times, where is the Western Arctic? ROUTINE PROCEEDINGS The Western Arctic is a name that came before division, when we had two ridings within the Northwest Territories. Both Yukon and Ï (1005) Nunavut are called by their proper names. We are proud of our [English] territory, as well, and would like to be well represented in the House of Commons in a fashion that is appropriate. CANADA POST CORPORATION When our athletes participate in sports across the country, they do Hon. Rob Merrifield (Minister of State (Transport), CPC): Mr. not participate as the Western Arctic, they participate as the Speaker, it is a privilege to table, in both official languages, under Northwest Territories. Standing Order 32(1), the report of the advisory panel on the strategic review of Canada Post Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • November 25, 2002
    CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 138 Ï NUMBER 031 Ï 2nd SESSION Ï 37th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Monday, November 25, 2002 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire´´ at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1811 HOUSE OF COMMONS Monday, November 25, 2002 The House met at 11:00 a.m. tobacco and making modifications to the paper. They do not do it simply because there is no requirement in Canada to force tobacco Prayers companies to make fire safe cigarettes. This might seem like a contradiction in terms, a fire safe cigarette, but let me explain. Changing the density of the tobacco and the PRIVATE MEMBERS' BUSINESS quality of the paper will not impair the enjoyment of the cigarette. Ï (1105) The lighting and the smoking of the cigarette is not changed. What is changed is the burn if the cigarette is not puffed. In other words, the [English] person would have to continue to puff the cigarette for it to stay HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS ACT alive, otherwise it will simply extinguish on its own. If a person Mr. John McKay (Scarborough East, Lib.) moved, seconded by abandons the cigarette for a period of time it will simply extinguish. the member for Madawaska—Restigouche, that Bill C-260, an act to amend the Hazardous Products Act (fire-safe cigarettes), be read the If a regular cigarette is abandoned on an ashtray, when a person second time and referred to a committee.
    [Show full text]
  • House of Commons Debates
    CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 137 Ï NUMBER 152 Ï 1st SESSION Ï 37th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Friday, March 1, 2002 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire´´ at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 9399 HOUSE OF COMMONS Friday, March 1, 2002 The House met at 10 a.m. [English] Prayers I shall now propose Motion No. 2 in Group No. 1 to the House. Ï (1005) GOVERNMENT ORDERS Mr. Vic Toews (Provencher, Canadian Alliance): Mr. Speaker, I rise on a point of order. I understand your ruling is that Motions Nos. BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ACT, 2001 10 and 17 are not to be heard because they could have been put at committee. Unfortunately I was not able to attend that committee The House proceeded to consideration of Bill C-49, an act to because I was at the procedure and House affairs committee which is implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on dealing with the matter related to the minister of defence. December 10, 2001 as reported (with amendments) from the committee. As you well know, Mr. Speaker, the procedure and House affairs committee has been going virtually non-stop. I simply did not have Ï (1000) an opportunity to introduce Motions Nos. 10 and 17 at the finance [Translation] committee. Had I not been tied up in a motion that I think has precedence because of the extremely sensitive nature of that matter, I SPEAKER'S RULING could have attended the finance committee and introduced these The Speaker: There are 29 motions in amendment on the notice motions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuesday, February 27, 1996
    CANADA VOLUME 133 S NUMBER 001 S 2nd SESSION S 35th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Tuesday, February 27, 1996 Speaker: The Honourable Gilbert Parent CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) The House of Commons Debates and the Proceedings of Committee evidence are accessible on the Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1 HOUSE OF COMMONS Tuesday, February 27, 1996 _______________ [English] Prayers SPEECH FROM THE THRONE _______________ The Speaker: I have the honour to inform the House that when the House of Commons did attend His Excellency the Governor SECOND SESSION—35TH General this day in the Senate chamber, His Excellency was PARLIAMENT—OPENING pleased to make a speech to both Houses of Parliament. To prevent mistakes I have obtained a copy which is as follows: [English] * * * The Parliament which had been prorogued on February 2, 1996, met this day at Ottawa for the dispatch of business. SPEECH FROM THE THRONE TO OPEN The House met at two o’clock, the Speaker in the chair. THE SECOND SESSION The Speaker read a communication from the Secretary to the THIRTY-FIFTH PARLIAMENT OF CANADA Governor General announcing that His Excellency the Governor General would proceed to the Senate chamber at 1.50 p.m. on this February 27, 1996 day for the purpose of formally opening the Second Session of the 35th Parliament of Canada. Ladies and Gentlemen, Honourable Members of the Senate; Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the House of Commons: A message was delivered by the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod as follows: A year ago when I became Governor General, I spoke about the Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • British Columbians Satisfied with Provincial Election O
    A LOOK AT PROVINCIAL AND FEDERAL POLITICS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Most (71%) British Columbians Satisfied with Provincial Election Outcome Stephen Harper (38%) trails Jack Layton (63%) and Paul Martin (53%) in Job Approval Widely Divergent Approval Ratings for Prominent BC MPs – Chuck Cadman (63%), Ujjal Dosanjh (47%), Gurmant Grewal (19%) Public Release Date: Tuesday June 21, 2005 Ipsos-Reid is Canada’s market intelligence leader and the country’s leading provider of public opinion research. With operations in eight cities, Ipsos-Reid employs more than 300 researcher professionals and support staff in Canada. The company has the biggest network of telephone call centres in Canada, as well as the largest pre-recruited household and online panels. Ipsos-Reid’s Canadian marketing research and public affairs practices are staffed with seasoned research consultants with extensive industry-specific backgrounds, offering the premier suite of research vehicles in Canada – including the Ipsos Trend Report, the leading source of public opinion in the country – all of which provide clients with actionable and relevant information. Ipsos-Reid is an Ipsos company, a leading global survey-based market research group. To learn more, visit www.ipsos.ca For copies of other news releases, please visit: http://www.ipsos-na.com/news/ © Ipsos-Reid Corporation Vancouver O Calgary O Edmonton O Winnipeg O Toronto O Ottawa O Montreal A LOOK AT PROVINCIAL AND FEDERAL POLITICS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Most (71%) British Columbians Satisfied with Provincial Election Outcome Stephen Harper (38%) trails Jack Layton (63%) and Paul Martin (53%) in Job Approval Widely Divergent Approval Ratings for Prominent BC MPs – Chuck Cadman (63%), Ujjal Dosanjh (47%), Gurmant Grewal (19%) Vancouver, BC—According to a new BC Ipsos-Reid poll, most (71%) British Columbians are satisfied with the outcome of last month’s provincial election that saw the BC Liberals returned to power and the NDP established as a strong opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday, May 30, 2001
    CANADA VOLUME 137 S NUMBER 068 S 1st SESSION S 37th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Wednesday, May 30, 2001 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) All parliamentary publications are available on the ``Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire'' at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 4391 HOUSE OF COMMONS Wednesday, May 30, 2001 The House met at 2 p.m. continue to use their talents to build a better Canada through the arts and sciences as well as in business and in every walk of life. _______________ * * * Prayers YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT _______________ Mr. Chuck Cadman (Surrey North, Canadian Alliance): Mr. Speaker, Bill C-7, the new youth criminal justice act has finally left D (1400) this place. Unfortunately for Canadians it will, in the opinion of [English] many, ultimately turn out to be worse than the much reviled Young Offenders Act that it is intended to replace. The Speaker: As is our practice on Wednesday we will now sing The provinces who must administer the youth law have said that O Canada, and we will be led by the hon. member for Saskatoon— the federal government failed to properly consult and that no Rosetown—Biggar. proper cost analysis was ever conducted. [Editor’s Note: Members sang the national anthem] The new act is riddled with discretions and loopholes. Its sheer complexity will lead to delays and soaring legal aid bills to the _____________________________________________ taxpayer. Violent and repeat offenders will be eligible for extra judicial measures. That is another term for avoiding court in favour of community programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Dickens Opens His Classic, a Tale Of
    Charles Dickens opens his classic, A Tale of Two Cities, by observing: ‘[i]t was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness’.1 Read in a modern context, one could be forgiven for assuming he was talking about minority government. Since 2004, a series of minority governments were elected in Westminster systems. Canada initiated the trend electing a minority parliament for the first time in 25 years. Australia and the United Kingdom quickly followed, electing their own minority parliaments in 2010. Minority governments are not particularly novel outside of the Westminster systems. Indeed, most legislative assemblies operate on some power-sharing agreement between coalition partners. Yet, when they occur in a Westminster system—Canada or Australia—they are news. This is due, in part, to the novelty of the occurrence, since it happens so rarely. In the analysis that follows, I attempt to draw some lessons from the years 2004 to 2011 when Canada elected three successive minority governments. I begin with a discussion of the election campaigns and major events of the 38th, 39th and 40th Canadian Parliaments. I then turn my attention to potential lessons that can be drawn from this seven-year span paying special attention to: political parties, managing parliament, and the importance of the marginal seats. I argue that there are lessons to be learned from other Westminster parliaments when dealing with minority government. Four elections in seven years Like Australia, the Canadian Government is based on the Westminster parliamentary system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the CCF/NDP
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2008 The communicative ecology of social democracy: The case of the CCF/NDP Michael Classens University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Classens, Michael, "The communicative ecology of social democracy: The case of the CCF/NDP" (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 8199. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/8199 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. THE COMMUNICATIVE ECOLOGY OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF THE CCF/NDP by Michael Classens A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies Through the Department of Communication Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the
    [Show full text]
  • Maintaining Party Unity: Analyzing the Conservative Party of Canada's
    Maintaining Party Unity: Analyzing the Conservative Party of Canada’s Integration of the Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance parties by Matthew Thompson A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2017, Matthew Thompson Federal conservative parties in Canada have long been plagued by several persistent cleavages and internal conflict. This conflict has hindered the party electorally and contributed to a splintering of right-wing votes between competing right-wing parties in the 1990s. The Conservative Party of Canada (CPC) formed from a merger of the Progressive Conservative (PC) party and the Canadian Alliance in 2003. This analysis explores how the new party was able to maintain unity and prevent the long-standing cleavages from disrupting the party. The comparative literature on party factions is utilized to guide the analysis as the new party contained faction like elements. Policy issues and personnel/patronage distribution are stressed as significant considerations by the comparative literature as well literature on the PCs internal fighting. The analysis thus focuses on how the CPC approached these areas to understand how the party maintained unity. For policy, the campaign platforms, Question Period performance and government sponsored bills of the CPC are examined followed by an analysis of their first four policy conventions. With regards to personnel and patronage, Governor in Council and Senate appointments are analyzed, followed by the new party’s candidate nomination process and Stephen Harper’s appointments to cabinet. The findings reveal a careful and concentrated effort by party leadership, particularly Harper, at managing both areas to ensure that members from each of the predecessor parties were motivated to remain in the new party.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Measurement of Parliamentary Accountability Using Text As Data: the Canadian House of Commons, 1945-2015 by Tanya W
    Quantitative measurement of parliamentary accountability using text as data: the Canadian House of Commons, 1945-2015 by Tanya Whyte A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto c Copyright 2019 by Tanya Whyte Abstract Quantitative measurement of parliamentary accountability using text as data: the Canadian House of Commons, 1945-2015 Tanya Whyte Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2019 How accountable is Canada’s Westminster-style parliamentary system? Are minority parliaments more accountable than majorities, as contemporary critics assert? This dissertation develops a quanti- tative measurement approach to investigate parliamentary accountability using the text of speeches in Hansard, the historical record of proceedings in the Canadian House of Commons, from 1945-2015. The analysis makes a theoretical and methodological contribution to the comparative literature on legislative debate, as well as an empirical contribution to the Canadian literature on Parliament. I propose a trade-off model in which parties balance communication about goals of office-seeking (accountability) or policy-seeking (ideology) in their speeches. Assuming a constant context of speech, I argue that lexical similarity between government and opposition speeches is a valid measure of parlia- mentary accountability, while semantic similarity is an appropriate measure of ideological polarization. I develop a computational approach for measuring lexical and semantic similarity using word vectors and the doc2vec algorithm for word embeddings. To validate my measurement approach, I perform a qualitative case study of the 38th and 39th Parliaments, two successive minority governments with alternating governing parties.
    [Show full text]