STUK-A77 May 1990
RADIOACTIVITY OF SURFACE WATER AND FRESHWATER FISH IN FINLAND IN 1987
Supplement 3 to Annual Report STUK-A74
Ritva Saxen , ; v, r * • r- RADIOACTIVITY OF SURFACE WATER AND FRESHWATER FISH IN FINLAND IN 1987
Supplement 3 to Annual Report STUK-A74
Ritva Sax6n
Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety P.O.Box 268, SF-00101 HELSINKI FINLAND ISBN 951-47-1468-7 ISSN 0781-1705
Helsinki 1990 The Finnish Government Printing Centre 3
ABSTRACT
Changes over time in the activity concentrations of radio nuclides in surface water were Monitored as in the previous year. Monitoring of the radioactivity transported by the largest rivers to the Baltic Sea was also continued. All samples were analysed gammaspectrometrically and for 90Sr. Some water samples were analysed for tritium. The dominant gamma-emitting radio nuclides were 137Cs and 134Cs. The uneven distribution of Cherno byl deposition is still seen in the results. The activity con centrations of * 37 Cs have decreased significantly: In the draina ge area where the activity concentrations were highest after the Chernobyl accident the concentrations in October 1987 were only about 7% of the values in May 1986. The decrease in the activity concentrations of 90Sr was much slighter. A decrease of by about 20% from the highest values in May 1987 in the activity concentrations of 90Sr was noticed in October 1987. Different changes over time of the activity concentrations of 137 Cs and *°Sr refer to the different behaviour of these two radionuclides in the aquatic environment.
The study on areal and temporal changes in the activity concen trations of 137Cs in fish was expanded in 1987. In all about 1550 samples were analysed gammaspectrometrically, and a few samples were also analysed radiochemlcally for 903r. Fifteen different fish species were Included in the study. The highest activity concentrations of I37Cs were detected in small oligotrophic lakes in the area of highest deposition. The level of 137C8 in non-predatory fish had clearly decreased, while that in predatory fish was almost double what it had been in 1986. Activity concentrations of i37Cs in semi-predatory fish were also slightly higher than in 1986. 4 intake estimates were based on the average activity concen trations, weighted for catches, in each of the eight statistical fishery areas and in the whole country, and on the average consumption of freshwater fish. The average intake of 137Cs via freshwater fish countrywide was about 4200 Bq a1 in 1987. The average intakes in the various drainage basins ranged from about 500 Bq to 6600 Bq in 1987. The mean activity concentrations of 137Cs in the three fish groups (predatory, non-predatory and intermediate groups) countrywide were 1300, 600 and 1300 Bq kg"1 in 1987, respectively. i6
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 3 CONTENTS 5
1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Surface water 7 1.2 Fish 7
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 9 2.1 Surface water 9 2.1.1 Samples 9 2.1.2 Pre-treatment and analyses 9
2.2 Fish 10 2.2.1 Sampling 10 2.2.2 Sample treatment 12 2.2.3 Analyses 13 Gammaspectrometric analyses Radiochemical analyses 2.2.4 Data treatment 14 2.2.5 Intake via fish 15
RESULTS 16 3.1 Surface water 16 3.2 Fish 17 3.2.1 Radionuclide contents 17 3.2.2 Intake via fish 19
4 DISCUSSSION 20 4.1 Surface water 20 4.2 Fish 20
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 23 REFERENCES 24 FIGURES 27 TABLES 37 7
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Surface water
In Finland, freshwater lakes and rivars cover an area of 33 600 km2, which is 9.9% of the total area of the country. The number of lakes (surface area >_ 1 ha) is about 56 000. They are most abundant in central and eastern Finland, where about 25% of the total area is water in some places. Finnish lakes are shal low, their average depth being about 7 m. The total volume of the lakes is about 230 km3 . The following figures give the size distribution of Finnish lakes:
Surface area Number of lakes >_ 200 km2 17 >_ 100 km2 37 >_ 50 km2 81 > 1 km2 2 589 > 1 ha 56 000
Besides the above-mentioned lakes there are almost 132 000 very small lakes or ponds with an average area of 5 a - 1 ha.3-4 The 37 lakes with surface areas of >_ 100 km2 account for nearly 50% of the total surface area of lakes in Finland and for over 60% of the total volume of the lakes.
Monitoring of radioactivity in fresh surface water in Finland was continued with an extensive sampling programme. The purpose of the monitoring was to acquire areal data for Intake esti mations from drinking water and to gather radioecological Infor mation on environmental factors affecting the behaviour of ra dionuclides in different drainage areas.
To be able to estimate the abundances of radionuclides trans ported by rivers to the Baltic Sea, analysis of samples from the mouths of the five largest rivers in Finland was continued. 8
1.2 Fish
Because the unevenly distributed deposition caused large vari ation in the activity concentrations of 137Cs in fish, the study on the radioactivity of freshwater fish, started in 1986, was extended in 1987.
The study was undertaken to monitor fish as a food, that is, to evaluate the importance of freshwater fish as a source of radiocesium to consumers in different areas.
The sizes of Finnish lakes were considered to find out if the radioactivity of fish depended on the size of the lakes. Attention was also paid to the differences in radioactivity between fish species and fish groups with different feeding habits. The characteristics of the lakes, such as surface area, water volume and abundance of nutrients, and the characteristics of the catchment area also affect the contamination of fish by radioactive substances. However, not all of these are dis cussed at any length in this paper.
The results reported here present figures for the average Intake of * 3 7 C3 via freshwater fish and thus form a basis for estimating radiation doses to man via freshwater fish in various deposition areas in Finland and in the country as a whole. The doses will be assessed in the Annual Report for 1987.15 9
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Surface water
2.1.1 Samples
The sampling programme, comprising about 180 sampling stations all over Finland (Fig. I)110 , was continued to determine the discribution of radioactive substances deposited in the surface waters of drainage basins. The seasonal hydrological variations were considered by taking the samples four times a year: in March, May, August and October.
The sample volumes were 2 litres. Before analyses, the samples were grouped together to represent different drainage basins or their subregions or watercourses (Fig. 2). Thus the volumes of the samples analysed ranged from 6 to 60 1, depending on how many samples were bulked together.
The artificial radioactive substances transported in rivers from Finland to the Baltic Sea were monitored as before. Samples were taken from the mouths of the five largest rivers (the Kymijoki, Kokemäenjoki, Oulujoki, Kemijoki and Tornionjoki) four times a year as above (Fig. 1). The sample volumes were about 30 litres.
Samples from two lakes (Inari and Päijänne) and one river (the Kemijoki) were taken monthly for tritium analyses (Fig. 1).
2.1.2 Pre-treatment and analyses
To preserve the surface water subsamples until further treatment, 2 g of solid citric acid were added to samples.
The samples were analysed after evaporation to dryness and ashing of the dried samples at 450°C. All the samples were analysed gammaspectrometrlcally. The eight germanium detectors 10 used for the analyses in our laboratory are either lithium drifted or high purity crystals with relative efficiencies of between 15% and 39%. The measurements were performed in back ground shields of 12 cm lead, which are lined with copper (2 sun) or cadmium (1 mm) and copper (0.5 mm) to reduce X-rays from the shields. The measuring times were between 6 and 24 hours. The measurements were made in beakers with cylindrical geometry (volume 30 ml). The activity concentrations of the samples were calculated using the computer program GAMMA-83.12-13
After gammaspectrometric measurement the bulked surface water samples were analysed for s 9 Sr and '°Sr using a method described by Osmond et al.7 , which was modified to some extent for surface water. After radiochemical separation, 89Sr and 90Sr were measured together as strontium carbonate. The measurements were made using a low-background gasflow beta-counter, Berthold LB 770-1. After a two-week ingrowth period, 90Y, the daughter of 90Sr, was precipitated as Y-oxalate and measured twice to check the purity of the 90 Y samples.
The samples for tritium analyses were distilled to dryness to remove impurities. The tritium level was then determined by the electrolytic enrichment method presented by östlund et al.17 , with some modifications.
2.2 Fish
2.2.1 Sampling
The monitoring programme included fish samples taken from five of the largest lakes in Finland (Fig. 3) and from other large lakes of great importance for freshwater fishing. In order to locate the highest concentrations of 137Cs in fish, samples were also taken from small lakes (surface area less than 1 km3 ), mainly in the area of high deposition (fallout categories 4 and 5 in Fig. 5) 11
The total numbers of fish samples analysed and the number of lakes from which fish samples were taken in the various prov inces (cf. Fig. 4) in 1987 were as follows:
Province Number of Number of fish samples lakes analysed
Häme 373 44 Central Finland 28'. 20 Kuopio 64 8 Kymi 112 13 Lapland 83 30 Mikkeli 243 24 Oulu 68 16 Turku and Pori 254 25 Uusimaa 8 3 Vaasa 55 9 Total 1 C46 192
The fish species analysed were those most commonly used for human consumption: perch, pike, vendace, bream, burbot, roach, whitefish, pike-perch and trout. Some samples of silver bream, smelt, dace, eel, ide and ruff were also analysed. Of these species, perch, pike and vendace each account for more than 20% of the total catch of freshwater fish in Finland. The fishes were of the normal size for edible fish and represent typical catches. The samples even included very small vendace and perch, which are also eaten In Finland. The sample weight was about 1 kg fresh fish. Thus each sample consisted of one or, more usually, several individuals, depending on their size. The sampling times were to some extent affected by the seasons in which different species are caught. 12
The fish species sampled, with their Latin and Finnish names, are1 4
FISH SPECIES LATIN NAME (Finnish name)
BREAM (lahna) Ab-amis brama BURBOT (made) Lota lota DACE (seipi) Leuciscus leuciscus EEL (ankerias) Anguilla anguilla IDE (säyne) Leuciscus idus PERCH (ahven) Perca fluviatilis PIKE (hauki) Esox lucius PIKE-PERCH (kuha) Stizostedion lucloperca ROACH (särki) Rutilus rutilus RUFF (kiiski) Gymnocephalus cernua SILVER BREAM (sulkava) Abramis ballerus SMELT (kuore) Osmerus eperplanus TROUT (taimen) Salmo trutta VENDACE (muikku) Coregonus albula WHITE BREAM (pasuri) Blicka bjoerkna WHITEFISH (siika) Coregonus lavaretus (col)
Samples were obtained from several sources. Fishing regions, which are under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture anu Forestry, organized the sampling in each province. The Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute also supplied a large number of samples.
2,2.2 Sample treatment
Samples were received by the Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety and preserved deep-frozen for further treatment.
The fish were cleaned and gutted as normally in the kitchen. Big fish were filletted, and their heads, entrails, scales or skin, fins, backbone and other big bones were removed. Only 13 the heads and entrails were removed from small perch, vendace, roach and other small fish. Thus only edible parts were taken for analysis. Some samples, consisting of a large number of fish of different size, were subsampled according to the size of the fisn.
2.2.3 Analyses
- Gamoa-speztronetric analyses
The cleaned samples were cut into small pieces and packed into Marinelli beakers with a volume of about 560 ml. If only a small amount of sample was available, a smaller cylindrical geometry (volume 30 r.l) was used.
Gammaspectrometric analyses were performed using either lithium drifted or high purity germanium detectors with relative ef ficiencies of between 15% and 39% as before 1*. The measuring times were between 15 minutes and about one hour. The activity concentrations of the samples were calculated using the computer program GAMMA-83 1,-1J, The radiocesium concentrations in all samples were clearly above the detection limit.
- Radiochemical analyses
After the gammaspectrometric analyses, the samples were dried at 105 °C and ashed at 450 °C. The ashed samples were dissolved, and radiostror.tium was separated radiochemically using the nitric acid precipitation method 5. After a two-week ingrowth period, ' °Y, the daughter of 90Sr, was precipitated as Y-oxalate and measured. Measurements were made with a low-background gas flow beta-counter as for surface water samples. 14
2.2,4 Data treatment
The fish species studied were divided into three groups based on feeding habits: - Predators (e.g. pike, pike-perch, burbot) - Non-predators or benthic feeders (e.g. vendace; bream, roach and other roach-related fish) - Part predators and part non-predators (intermediate group)( e.g. perch, white fish) Perch, which is the most important freshwater fish caught in Finland, is the dominant species in the third group.
The lakes in this study were divided into four classes by size: class surface area number
1 > 890 km2 5 2 20-890 km2 52 3 1-20 km2 69 4 < 1 km2 57
The first class comprised five of the largest lakes in Finland: Saimaa, Päijänne, Kallavesi, Inarinjärvi and Oulujärvi (Fig. 3).
The other lakes were classified by area using maps at a scale of 1:200 000. The lowest size limit of the second class was 20 km2 . However, the area of most of the lakes in this class (class 2) exceeded 100 km2. The third class comprised lakes with an area of 1 to 20 km2 (class 3). The lakes with a surface area of less than 1 km2 (class 4) consisted mainly of oligotrophic lakes, which were the main target of efforts to detect the highest concentrations of 137Cs in freshwater fish. Although of minor importance in terms of fishing, this class exhibits the maximum radionuclide contents in fish. 15
2.2.5. Intake via fish
The distribution of catches of freshwater fish in different statistical fishery areas was calculated from the statistics, taking into account recreation, subsistence and professional fishing6. Statistical fishery areas 1-7 correspond roughly to drainage basins 1-7, whereas statistical fishery area 8 corresponds to drainage basins 8, 9, 10 and 11 For intake estimation, the average concentration of 137Cs in freshwater fish countrywide was also calculated. The average concentrations of 137 Cs for each of the three groups were used in each drainage basin. In addition, in drainage basins 3, 4, 5 and 7, the average concentrations of 13 7 Cs for the three groups were calculated separately for two classes of lake: those with a surface area of more than 20 km2 and those with a surface area of less than 20 km2. Lakes with a surface area of less than 20 km2 in the four aforementioned drainage basins were assumed to account for 10% of the total catch in the drainage basins in question. The intake of 137Cs via freshwater fish (I) in 1987 was calcu lated as before n using the following equation: a 3 I • jxC xT E £ A{ 4 x m, , M Li j.i ,; '; where M - total annual catch of freshwater fish6 (kg) C • daily average consumption of cleaned fish per person (kg d'1 ) T - time period (d) Aj j - activity concentration of 137Cs in fish group j in fishing area i (Bq kg-1 ) m1 j - catch of fish in fish group j in fishing area i6 (kg) 16 3 RESULTS 3.1 Surface water The dominant gamma-emitting radionuclides were the two cesium isotopes, 134Cs and 137Cs, which were detected in all the samples. Besides these, 12S Sb, 106 Ru and l44 Ce occurred in the samples from the main deposition area. One sample also contained a small amount of 110" Ag (Tables I - IV). Of the beta-emitting radionuclides, 90Sr was detected in all the samples analysed, 89 while Sr, a shorter-lived strontiumisotope (T1/2 - 50.5 d), decayed for a period of several half-lives and could no longer be detected. In March, the activity concentrations of *37Cs ranged from 15 to 790 Bq nr3 in different watercourses or subregions. The highest concentrations of 137Cs were found in subregion b) of the drainage basin of the Kokemäenjoki (790 Bq nr3 ) and in subregion c) of the drainage basin of the Kymijoki (580 Bq nr3 ). Later the activity concentrations of 137Cs decreased, the highest March level (790 Bq nr3 ) being down to 370 Bq m° in October (Tables I - IV). Changes in the activity concentra tions of 13 7 Cs after the Chernobyl accident in the subregions of the fou'.' large drainage basins are presented in Fig. 6. Of the other gamma-emitting radionuclides, 106Ru and 12SSb were detected in almost all the samples from the main deposition area (area marked with a dotted line in Fig. 2). Activity con centrations of l0*Ru ranged from 0 to about 100 Bq nr3 and those of 125Sb from 0 to about 30 Bq nr3 in March. The detection limits of these radionuclides depend on sample volume, measure ment time, etc, but is on the average 20 and 6 Bq nr3 , for 106Ru and 125Sb, respectively. A slight decrease in the activity concentrations of these nuclides was observed towards the end of the year. Concentrations of 1 * * Ce were detected rather rarely. The highest activity concentration of 144 Ce was detected in 17 Sotkamo water course in the drainage basin of the Oulujoki (19 Bq or3 ) in March (Tables I - IV). Activity concentrations of * °Sr were much lower than those of 137Cs, ranging in March from 6.6 to 37 Bq nr3 . The concentrations were highest in the Sotkamo water course in the Oulujoki drainage basin and in subregions of Keitele - Päijänne and Päijänne in the Kymijoki drainage basin (Tables I - IV). A decrease of by about 20% from the nighest values in May in the activity con centrations of 90 Sr was recorded in October. In the rivers discharging into the Baltic Sea the concentrations of radiocesium decreased up to October (after the autumnal turnover of water) by more than 50% from the values in May 1987 (Table V). The mean annual 137Cs concentrations in those rivers are compared in Fig. 7. The activity concentrations oi 3H in surface water were low. In 1987, the annual mean concentrations in the Kemijoki, Lake Päijänne and Lake Inari were 4.1 +_ 0.7, 4.9 ± 1.1 and 4.5 +_ 0.8 kBq nr3 , respectively (Table VI). 3.2 Fish 3.2.1 Radionuclide contents The radioactive substances detected by gammaspectrometric measurements on freshwater fish are the two cesium isotopes 13 * Cs and 1ST Cs. 90 Sr is also detected in the radiochemical analyses of fish. Studies on fish from Finnish Lapland are discussed in detail in another report *. The average concentrations of 13 7 Cs in fish from individual lakes in classes 1-3, which are listed by province, are given in Tables VII - IX. The highest average concentrations of 137Cs were detected in the provinces of Häme and Central Finland. The highest average concentration? of 1?7 Cs in fish from class 18 1 lakes were 3700 Bq kg-1 ; those of class 2 lakes were about 4800 and those of class 3 lakes 12 000 Bq kg-1 . The variations in the level of l37 Cs in individual fish species from lakes of different size within a province is large (Tables VII - IX). The average concentrations of 137 Cs in individual fish species from class 4 lakes are given by province in Table X. The oligo- trophic lakes in this class had the highest activity concen trations detected in fish. The highest 137 Cs values were found in a pike sample (33 000 Bq kg-1 ). The variation in the activity concentrations of 1 37 Cs in fish was greatest in drainage basin 5 (Fig. 8). The contents of l37Cs in fish still show association with the 137Cs deposited in the area (Figs. 9 - 10). In addition, concen trations of 137Cs in certain fish species (perch, pike, vendace) increase when the surface areas of the lakes decrease in the same deposition area (Fig. 9). An increase in 137Cs concentrations was also apparent in the three fish groups, predators, benthic feeders and intermediate, when the surface areas of the lakes decrease. This is most obvious in the intermediate group, because perch is the dominant fish in this group. On the whole, the 137Cs concentrations of the intermediate and predators groups were at almost same level and higher than those of the benthic feeders (Fig. 10). The contents of radioactive cesium were dependent on the size of the fish. In 1986, the smaller the fish the higher were the concer trations of radioactive cesium within one fish species caught at the same time in one particular lake. In 1987, the situation began to change, and by the end of the year the ac tivity concentrations of 13 7 Cs in perch and pike were higher in bigger fish than in smaller ones. The concentrations of *°Sr in fish analysed to date ranged from 0.5 to 33 Bq kg*1 fresh weight .-(.n 1987. The average concen trations of 90Sr iv perch and vendace, which were analysed with 19 bones, were 8.1 and 21 Bq kg-1 fresh weight in 1986 and 1987; those of pike clearly lower (Table XI). 3.2.2 Intake via fish The most important area of freshwater fishing in Finland is drainage basin 3, which accounts for nearly 40% of the total catch. Drainage basins 4 and 5 are the next most important, representing 19% and 12% of the total catch, respectively. Coastal areas 1, 2 and 6 account for 3 - 5% of the total catch in freshwater fishing 6 •ll . The catch statistics used for calcu lations were from 1984 and 1985. In 1987, the average intake of 137Cs via freshwater fish ranged from about 500 Bq to 6600 Bq in the eight statistical fishery areas.This was calculated using an average consumption of 4.1 kg a'1 of freshwater fish per person and an average activity concentration of 137Cs in fish, weighted with catches of the three fish groups in each area. The intake was highest in statis tical fishery areas 4 and 5, and lowest in area 8 (Fig. 11). The average intake of 137Cs from freshwater fish countrywide was about 4200 Bq in 1987. The calculation was based on an average concentration in fish countrywide, weighted for catches, of 1000 Bq kg-1 , and an average consumption of 4.1 kg a'1 cleaned fish per person (cf, 2.2.5). The mean activity concent rations countrywide of x 37Cs in the three fish groups (predatory, non-predatory and intermediate) were 1300, 600 and 1300 Bq kg-1 , respectively, in 1987. 20 4 DISCUSSION 4.1 Surface water The decreasing trend in the activity concentrations of radio- cesium in surface water noted in all the samples was strongest in the drainage basins having the highest deposition from Cherno byl. For instance, in the Kokemäenjoki and Kymijoki drainage basins, the activity concentrations of radiocesium at the end of 1987 were only 3 -15% of the maximum contents in May 1986; the corresponding percentages in the Oulujoki drainage basin were 30 - 50%. The concentrations of 137Cs in rivers carrying water from catch ment areas to the Baltic Sea had decreased significantly, being in October 1987 only 10 - 25% of the maximum contents in 1986. Before the accident, the ratio of I37Cs to 90Sr in surface waters was below 0.5." This ratio increased by a factor of about 100 in the main deposition area and by about 10 in the area of lowest fallout.10 In March 1987, this ratio ranged from 3 to 60 and in October from 3 to 14. The changes over time in this ratio reflect the different behaviour of these two radionuclides in an aquatic environment. The different change of this ratio in different drainage basins reflects the impact of the runoff area on the behaviour of the two radionuclides. Runoff areas with a high content of clay effectively restrain radiocesium, whereas those with large expauses of bog having ample humic material keep radionuclides more effectively in a more mobile form. 4.2 Fish In 1987, the activity concentrations of non-predatory fish (for instance, vendace and roach-related fish) started to decrease, while those of predatory fish (for instance, pike) continued to increase. Ths l37Cs level in the intermediate group was slightly higher than in 1986. 21 The estimated Intake figures In drainage basins 1 and 3 are evidently somewhat too high. This is due to the lack of samples from lakes located in the area of low 13 7 Cs deposition in the provinces of North Karelia and Uusimaa. Thus sampling was not quite representative on a countrywide basis. Another source of uncertainty in the intake estimation is that the catch statistics of different areas are not from the same year as the results for radiocesium, though any big variations in catches are not to be expected. In the total annual intake via foodstuffs, the contribution of fish was greater in 1987 than in 1986, because activity concen trations in agricultural products decrease much faster than in fish. In 1987, freshwater fish accounted for about 65% of the total annual average intake via foodstuffs8. The variation in the 137Cs intake via freshwater fish is, how ever, large, owing to the marked variation in the activity con centrations from different lakes and different parts of Finland. Even in one lake the activity concentrations of 13 7 Cs in fish may vary 4-5 fold. The occurrence of the highest activity concentrations of 137Cs detected (above 20 000 Bq kg-1 ) was rare. Only G.4% of our samples had 137Cs concentrations exceeding 20 000 Bq kg-1 ; 1% exceeded 10 000 Bq kg-1 . The purpose of our studies was not merely to look for the highest possible activity concentrations, but to acquire a true country-wide picture of the radioactivity situation in freshwater fish. Bulletins containing data and recommendations on eating fish were still being issued by the Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety in 1987. People living in the main deposition area (fallout categories 2 - 5 in Fig. 5) were advised not to eat fish as their main course more than 2-3 times a week. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in freshwater fish were low. The large variation in the results is partly due to gutting. If many bones were left in tha sample analysed, the activity concentrations were higher, because strontium is mostly trans- 22 ferred to the bones. Therefore, the contribution of »°Sr to the intake via fish is negligible. 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to the National Board of waters and Environment and to the other institutions that helped us to obtain water samples, and also to the institutions and individuals who col lected the fish samples for us. Special tnanks are due to M« Virpi Kymäläinen and Ms Pirkko Saira who treated the water samples and performed radiochemical 90Sr analyses. We are equally grateful to Ms. Ulla Koskelainen, who, besides participating in and coordinating the fish sample treatment, helped with the gammaspectrometric measurements, and processed the bulk of the data. Thanks are also due to the persons working in the gamma laboratories of the Surveillance Department for performing the gammaspectrometric analyses of the samples. 1 am also indebted to the Director of the Department, Anneli Salo, and to the Head of the Laboratory for Radionuclide Monitoring, Olli Paakko la, for all their support during the <*ork. 24 REFERENCES 1 Analyysituloksia virtahavaintopaikoilta v. 1970. Helsinki: National Board of Waters, Finland, 1973; report 45. (In Finnish) 2 Arvela H, Blomqvist L, Lemmelä H, Savolainen AL, Sarkkula S. Environmental gamma radiation measurements in Finland and the influence of the meteorological conditions after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1987; STUK-A65, supplement 10 to Annual Report STUK-A55. 3 Atlas of Finland, Folio 132. Water. Helsinki: National Board of Survey, Geographical Society of Finland, 1986. 4 Atlas of Finland, Folio 232-233. Agriculture - special branches, fisheries. Helsinki: National Board of Survey, Geographical Society of Finland, 1980. 5 Bryant FJ, Morgan A, Spicer GS. The determination of radlostrontium in biological materials. Harwell, 1959; AERE-R 3030. 6 Leinonen K, Lehtonen H. Virkistys- ja kotitarvekalastus Suomessa vuonna 1984. Suomen kalatalous. Helsinki: Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, 1987. 7 Osmond RG, Owers MJ, Healy C, Mead AP. The determinati on of radioactivity due to caesium, strontium, barium and cerium in waters and filters. Harwell, 1959; AERE- R 2899. 8 Rantavaara A. Radioactive substances of foodstuffs in Finland in 1987. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1990; STUK-A78, supplement 4 to Annual Report STUK-A74. (will be published in 1990) 25 9 Rissanen K, Rahola T, Hiukka E, Ahlftan A. Radioacti vity of reindeer, game, fish and plants in Finnish Lapland in 1987. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1990; STUK-A80, supplement 6 to Annual Report STUK-A74. (will be published 1990) 10 Saxen R, Aaltonen H. Radioactivity of surface water in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1987; STUK-A60, supplement 5 to Annual Report STUK-A55. 11 Saxen R, Rantavaara A. Radioactivity of freshwater fish in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1987; STUK-A61, supplement 6 to Annual Report STUK-A5S. 12 Sinkko K. Computer analysis of gamma-ray spectra in sample measurements. Licenciate Thesis. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, 1981. (In Finnish) 13 Sinkko K, Aaltonen h. Calculation of the true coinci dence summing correction for different sample geomet ries in gamma-ray spectroscopy. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, Surveillance Department, 1985; STUK-B-VALO 40. 14 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1984-1985. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1987; Annual Report STUK-A54. 15 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1987. Helsinki: Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety, 1989; Annual Report STUK-A74. 26 16 Suomen luonto. In: Pitkänen H, ed. Suuri kalakirja. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, 1961. 17 östlund HG, Werner E. The electrolytic enrichment of tritium and deuterium for natural tritium measurements. In: Tritium in the physical and biological sciences. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1962; I: 95-104. 27 20* 25* 305" Fig. 1. Sampling points of lake and river system (•), and at the mouths of the five largest rivers discharging into the Baltic Sea: I Kymijoki III Oulujoki V Tornionjoki II Kokemäenjoki IV Kemijoki, and sampling stations for tritium determinations: A Lato Päijänne (Kalkkinen), B River Kemijoki, C Lake Inari (Nellimö). Fig. 2. Drainage basins with their subregions or watercourses: 1. Small rivers discharging into the Gulf of Finland 2. Small rivers discharging into the Archipelago Sea 3. Vuoksi drainage basin a Pielisjärvi subregion b Kallavesi subregion c Saimaa 4. Kymijoki drainage basin a Keitele - Päijänne b Päijänne c Päijänne - Gulf of Finland 5. Kokemäenjoki drainage basin a Längelmävesi, Hauho and Vanaja watercourses b Ähtäri and Keuruu watercourses, Palovesi- Pyhäjärvi c Pyhäjärvi - Rautavesi, Ikaalinen watercourse w Kokemäenjoki and Loimijoki basins °° 6. Rivers discharging into the Gulf of Bothnia 7. Oulujoki drainage basin a Hyrynsalmi watercourse b Sotkamo watercourse c Oulujärvi - Gulf of Bothnia 8. Kiiminginjoki, Iijoki and Simojoki rivers 9. Kemijoki drainage basin 10. Torniorjoki drainage basin 11. Rivers discharging into the Arctic Ocean Shaded area inside the dotted lines refers to the main fallout area. 29 Fig. 3. The statistical fishery areas (num bers 1-8 in circles) in Finland with the largest lakes: l=Saimaa 2-Päijänne 3-Kallavesi 4-Oulujärvi 5»Inarinjärvi 68" • $ LAPLAND 65" / OULU 6V f J \ KUOPIO S [VAASA UENTP .) NORTH*) JRAL ^ / 'KARELIA' 62° TURKU? J7^MIKKEU AND\ . M- _«r—/* / PORI f HAME VT^7„ i ALAND 1 Fig. 4. k ( _-i-*\KYHI > The provinces S VTJTJSI- _f2- <£• Km in Finland. Fig. 5. Division of Finnish municipalities into five categories according to average external dose rates caused by the Chernobyl fallout.2 The average 137Cs deposition was calculated using an experimental calibration factor. Fallout category Deposited 137 Cs (kBq nr2 on October 1, 1986) 1 0 4.3 2 4.4 - 10.1 3 10.2 - 21.7 4 21.8 - 45.0 5 45.1 - 67 31 Bq/kg 2-1 VUOKSI DRAINAGE BASIN • -S- Pleiiaiarvi •uBraoion D •*- Kanavasi suoragion c -M- Saimaa subragicn KYMIJOKI DRAINAGE BASIN • -A- Kaitaia-Pananna C3 -B- Plljlnm a- c -*- Paijanne-tha Gulf of F l - oi -I 1 1 r -i 1 1 j- 6" KOKEMÄENJOKI ORAINAQE BASIN S- a -e- Langalmavaai-Hauho- b -4- Antarj-Kauruu- c -tt- Pynajar-vl-Rautavasl- 3- a- 1 - 04 _,—,—f OULUJOKI ORAINAOE BASIN a -* Ky-ynaalmi J D -H- Sotkamo 1 c -€>• Oulu)arvi-the t*u 1 f of B o H. APP86 JUL86 0CTB5 JANB7 APR87 JUL87 OCTB7 . 6. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in bulked surface wat samples (Bq/kg) in subregions or watercourses of four lar drainage basins in Finland in 1986-1987. 32 Bq/kg 10.000 KYMIJOKf 1 .000 KOKEMÄENJOKI o.ioo o. oio 1 O .001 -f 1 1 1 1 i i i | i i i l 1 i i—r-—»— f i ( —I I- 1960 i9?o isao 10.000 OULUJOKI 1.000 KEMIJOKI TORNIONJOKI O. 100 0.010 T-Lli -i—:-- 3-, r i"'„J t.-r i-. j- •u. — •* i— J i - 0.001 7" r r" r "»—T" » ^ -) f—r -f p ; - >-f •—r j— l i "i 1 1 i i—~-r- 1960 1970 1980 Fig. 7. The annual mean concentrations of 137Cs (Bq/kg) in water from the rivers Kymijoki, Kokemäenjoki, Oulujoki, Kemijoki and Tornionjoki in 1964-1987. 33 Bq/kg 2C00O -T FISHERY AREA 3 B PERCH A PIKfc + VENDACE 1000O i J BA*HA*B « 6A* A* T" , , r , , , , , , , , , , 20000 -\ j FISHERY AREA 10000 i 30000 j 20000 : 10000 MAY86 AUG86 N0V86 FEB87 MAY87 AUG87 N0V87 Fig- 8. The mohthly average concentrations with variations in 137 a (Bq kg-1 fresh weight) in perch, pike and vendace in thi three most important fishery areas (3, 4 and 5) in Finlan< in 1986 - 1987. 34 Bq/kg 7 0 0 0-1 6 0 0 0- PERCH 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 O 10 0 0 ^ 0 £S3L£SSSI S3S3 ^^^ 12 3 4 12 3 4 12 3 4 LAKE CLASS I— 2 + 3 H h" 4 + 5 —| DEPOSITION CATEGORY B q / k g 7 0 0 0 PIKE 6 0 0 0 5 0 0 0- 4 0 0 0- 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 10 0 0 — S^ re^ S555 0 2 3 12 3 4 12 3 4 LAKE CLASS — 1 h" 2 + 3 H (— 4 + 5 —| DEPOSITION CATEGORY Bq/kg 7 0 0 0- 6 0 0 0- VENDACE 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0- 2 0 0 0- 10 0 0 O *^y" 2 3 4 12 3 4 12 3 4 LAKE CLASS - 1 1 H- 2 + 3 H |— 4 + 5 —| DEPOSITION CATEOORY Fig. 9. The average concentrations of 137Cs (Bq kg-1 fresh weight) in perch, pike and vendace in lakes, classified according to size in areas of different deposition, in 1987. 35 B q / k g 7 O O O n PART PREDATORS. 6 O O O PART NON- PREDATORS 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 O O 0 -\ 2 0 0 0 10 0 0-1 Q LTIkifH Bi^Jj. LAKE CLASS DEPOSITION CATEGORY B q/ k g 7 0 0 0 PREDATORS 6 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 O 0 0 H ^ .-ESS. ES3 ^^ 0 12 3 4 LAKE CLASS I- 2 + 3 —| |— 4 + 5 —| DEPOSITION CATEGORY Bq/kg 7 0 0 0 -I 6 0 0 0- NON— PREDATORS 5 0 0 0- 4 0 0 0- 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 10 0 0- 0 12 3 4 LAKE CLASS (— 4 + 5 H DCPOSI T ION CATEGORY Fig. 10. The average concentrations of 137Cs (Bq kg-1 fresh weight) in the three fish groups in lakes, classified according tc size in areas of different deposition, in 1987. 36 Whole country 12345678 STATISTICAL FISHERY AREA Pig, 11. The average intake of 137Cs via freshwater fish in Finland and in different fishery areas, calculated using the average consumption of freshwater fish, in 1987. 37 Table I. 90Sr and gamma-emitting radionuclides in the surface water of some drainage basins and their subregions and in groups of rivers discharging into the sea in March 1987 (Bq nr3 ). Results are decay corrected to the sampling bate. Dralnaga basin with 90Sr 106Ru no"*o 125sb *3*Ca its subrsglona VUOKSI (3) Plallajarvi subreglon (a) 15 23 0 3.8 13 33 0 Kallavesi subraglon (b) 20 29 0 6.0 67 200 0 Salaaa (e) 17 29 0 0 47 100 0 mii JOKI (4) Kaltala-Paljanna (a) 31 47 0 22 100 420 7.9 PalJanna (b) 33 34 0 25 150 340 0 PalJInna-Gulf of Finland (c) 21 16 0 21 270 580 0 KOKCHKtNJOKI (5) Langalaavasl. Kauho and Vanaja watarcouraaa (a) 42 79 0 28 59 130 0 Ahtarl and Kauruu watarcouraaa, Palovaal-Prhajarrl (b) 14 102 0 28 36r 790 0 Fyhajarvi-Rautavaai. Ikaallnan watarcoursa Kokaaaan- and Lolaljokl baalna (e) OULUJOKI (7) HyrrnaalBl watarcouraa («) 15 26 0 4.4 21 57 0 Sotkaao watarcouraa (b) 37 100 0 17 160 410 19 Oulujarvl-Pohjanlahtl (c) 22 o" 0 14 29 63 0 KlIPIIRKI-, II- AND 91HOJOKI (8) 11 0 0 0 6.9 24 0 KEMIJOKI (9) 7.4 0 0 0 4.4 15 0 TomrioHJOKi (10) 7.9 0 0 5.0 7.5 18 0 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE GULF OP FINLAND (1) 11 38 0.79 11 50 110 0 KI VIM DISCHARGING »TO THE ARCHIPELAGO SEA (2) 17 55 0 12 34 74 0 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE GULP OP BOTHNIA (6) 13 30 0 11 91 200 7.6 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE ARCTIC SEA (11) 6.6 0 0 0 6.6 20 0 not analysad balow tha dataction Halt 38 Table II. 90Sr and gamma-emitting radionuclides in the surface water of some drainage basins and their subregions and in groups of rivers discharging into the sea in May 1987 (Bq r3 ). Results are decay corrected to the sampling date. Drainage basin with 90, its subregions Sr 106 Ru 125 5b 137C s VUOKSI (J) Pielisjärvi (ubrtglon (a) 11 20 0 15 41 4.1 Hallavasi subregion (b) It 24 0 64 160 4.3 Saiaaa (c) 16 17 0 39 91 0 KYMIJOKI (4) Keitele-Paijanne (a) 26 45 ia 160 390 e.s Paijanne (b) 25 40 12 74 160 0 Peljenne-Culf of Finland (c) 20 41 17 190 460 0 KOKEMÄENJOKI (5) Längelmävesi. Hauho and Vanaja watercourse» (a) 25 42 25 54 130 Ahtttri and Keuruu watercourses. Palovesi-Pyhäjärvi (b) 30 52 22 240 540 Pyhajarvi-Rautaveal. Ikaalinen watercourse Kokeaaen- and Lciaijoki basins (c) 26 60 24 150 350 OULUJOKI (7) Hyrynsalal watarcoursa (a) 10 0 0 13 39 0 Sotksao watercourse (b) 32 50 5.8 110 290 15 Oulujsrvi-Pohjanlahtl (c) 20 41 0 27 76 0 KIIMINKI'. II- AND SIMOJOKI (8) 8.3 0# 0 6.6 25 0 KEMIJOKI !9) 6.2 0 0 5.9 21 0 TORNIONJOKI (10) 6.9 0 0 12 32 0 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE GULF OF FINLAND (1) 11 37 7.3 42 100 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE ARCHIPELAGO SEA (2) 15 32 9.0 23 57 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE GULF OF BOTHNIA (6) 15 25 4.3 55 120 RIVERS OISCHAROIHO INTO THE ARCTIC SEA (11) 8.5 14 9.0 21 11 below the detection Halt 39 Table III. 90 Sr and ganuna-emitting radionuclides in the surface water of some drainage basins and their subregions and in groups of rivers discharging into the sea in August 1987 (Bq m° ). Results are decay corrected to the sampling date. Drainega basin with 90. lte aubregiona 106. 125 Sb 134„ 137r 144r VUOKSI (3) Pielisjärvi eubregion (a) 12 13 0 !5 44 0 Hallavasi aubragion (b) 17 25 6.5 56 140 0 Salaaa (c) 17 0* 0 31 84 0 KYMIJOKI (4) •eitele-PaiJanne (aj 30 38 15 140 380 0 Faijanne (b) 25 27 11 93 230 0 Paljanna-Culf of Finland (c) 22 34 17 160 390 0 KOKEMÄENJOKI (5) Lenaelaavesi. Hauho and Vanaja «itircouriti (a) 25 24 20 55 140 fthtari and Keuruu wittrcourtti. Falovesi-Pvhljarvl (b) 28 50 21 180 440 PyhaJ arvl-Rautaveal. Ikaalinen watercourse Kokeaaen and Loialjokl baalna (e) 27 48 21 150 360 4.9 OULUJOKI (7) Hyrvnsalal watercourae (a) 9.6 0 0 11 28 0 Sotkaao watercourse (b) 31 17 0 83 240 9.3 Oulujarvi-Ponjanlahtl (c) 15 0 0 18 56 0 KIIMINKI-, II- «MD SIMOJOKI (8) 9.0 0 0 6.9 20 0 KEHIJ0K1 (9) 6.2 0 0 4.1 13 0 TORNIONJOKI (10) 7.6 0 0 5.0 10 0 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE OULP OF flRLAHD (1) 14 25 6.5 28 69 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE ARCKIPELRCO SEA (2) 20 64 9.6 21 54 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE GULr OP BOTHNIA (6) 15 25 4.8 41 110 1.4 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE ARCTIC SEA (11) 5.7 8.9 28 below the detection Halt 40 Table IV. ' °Sr and ganuna-emitting radionuclides in the surface water of some drainage basins and their subregions and in groups of rivers discharging into the sea in October 1987 (Bq nr3 ). Results are decay corrected to the sampling date. Drainage basin with »0, ita eubragiona Sr 106 Ru 125 Sb 134, 137C a l««r VUOKSI (3) Pielisjärvi aubreglon (a) 12 11 5. 8 13 35 1.4 Kallavesi subregion (b) 19 23 «.2 46 120 6.1 Salaaa (c) 16 0* 0 21 62 0 KYMIJOKI (4) Xeltale-PaUJanne (a) 26 33 14 120 330 7.2 paijanne (b) 24 0 0 66 ISO 0 Paljanna-Culf of rlnland (c) 22 20 14 120 310 0 KOKEKXERJOKI (5) LAngelaaveal, Hauho and Vanaja watarcours** (a) 26 24 16 33 94 Xhcarl and Kauruu wetereouraaa, PaloTeal-Pyhajarvl (b) 28 32 IS 140 370 Pyh»J»r»l-Rautavesi. Ikaallnan vittrcourtl KokeMen- and Loiaijoki baainc ic) 26 54 16 99 250 OULUJOKI (7} Hyrynsalsl watercourse (a) 9.2 0 0 8.3 27 0 Sotkaao watarcouraa (b)** 30 1000 n 54 200 5.3 Oulujarvl-Pohjanlahtl (c) 20 0 0 13 36 0 KIIMINKI-, II- AND SIMOJOKI (6) 9.0 0 £ 3.7 13 0 KEMIJOKI (9) 6.6 0 0 2.7 8.2 0 TORNIONJOKI (10) 6.4 0 0 3.1 9.5 0 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE CULT OF fI"LAKO (1) 15 18 4.4 32 85 RIVERS DISCHARGING IRTO THE ARCHIPELAGO SEA (2) 15 25 5.0 21 53 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE GULP OP BOTHNIA (6) 14 17 4.7 35 93 2.6 RIVERS DISCHARGING INTO THE ARCTIC SEA (11) 6.2 3.5 11 balov the detection Halt ) ssapla contained alto * Co 2.6 »q m'3 41 Table V. 90Sr and gamma-emitting radionuclides* of the surfac water in Bq nr3 from the mouths of Finland's five larges rivers discharging into the Baltic Sea in 19B7. Result are decay corrected to the sampling date. Sampling month/River *° Sr l°6 Ru i25 Sb 134Cs 137 Cs i« « c March Kymijoki 27 58 22 340 730 0« Kokemäenjoki 38 94 37 250 540 0 Oulujoki 17 0 0 22 53 C Kemijoki 9.0 17 3.1 16 40 Tornionjoki 7.3 0 0 13 25 May Kymijoki 23 40 11 190 430 0 Kokemäenjoki 27 58 24 160 370 0 Oulujoki 17 19 4.1 21 56 3.0 Kemijoki 5.9 0 0 5.4 16 0 Tornionjoki 5.7 0 0 3.3 9.2 0 August Kymijoki 26 30 19 190 440 0 Kokemäenjoki 31 53 18 140 350 0 Oulujoki 17 12 5.9 13 36 0 Kemijoki 7.7 0 3.4 5.6 16 0 Tornionjoki 7.1 0 0 2.5 8.5 0 October Kymijoki 24 26 15 100 260 0 Kokemäenjoki 29 38 21 93 240 0 Oulujoki 17 14 0 9.1 24 0 Kemijoki 6.8 0 0 2.4 9.5 5.3 Tornionjoki 6.1 0 0 3.5 9.8 0 * below the detection limit 42 Table VI. Activity cxnoentrations of 3H in surface water samples In October- December 1986 and 1987 (kBq nr3 ). Results until September 1986 were published In Ref 11. For sampling stations see Fig. 1. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec River Kemijoki 1986 4.8 5.7 4.8 1987 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.2 3.3 4.1 4,0 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 Lakes Päijänne 1986 3.1 4.3 6.6 1987 5.7 5.2 5.1 4.7 7.9 3.8 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.5 3.8 4.1 Inari 1986 3.6 5.5 5.8 1987 5.2 6.5 4.3 4.5 4.8 3.7 4.2 5.0 3.1 4.2 4.4 4.1 43 Table VII. The average activity concentration* (i) «nd variation in ceaiua 134 and 137 (Bq/kg freah weight) in varloua fieh apaclea in the largeat lakea (aurface area > 690 k»2. claaa 1) in Finland in 19B7. Huaber of aaaplea la alao given (n). The Biaaing rtiulti of ceaiua 134 are given in reference 9. PROVIKCt risH C*134 Cel37 LAKE SPECIES • in • in HXME PAIJANNE VERDACE 1 740 740 740 1800 1800 1800 VHITEFISH 1 460 460 460 1200 1200 1200 CENTRAL FINLAND PAIJKNNE BREAM 3 230 75 410 630 200 1100 BURBOT 4 720 260 1500 1900 610 3600 PERCH 6 920 360 1900 2400 860 5000 PIKE 5 820 310 1400 2200 730 4100 PIKE-PERCH 1 1400 1400 1400 3700 3700 3700 ROACH 3 410 330 470 1000 840 1100 SMELT 2 740 600 870 2000 1600 2400 TROUT 1 910 910 910 2500 2500 2500 VENDACE 2 300 250 340 650 780 920 WKITEPISH 3 350 290 4 20 880 800 1000 KUOPIO KALLAVESI BURBOT 4 180 160 210 450 350 560 PERCH 3 160 160 210 450 360 530 PIKE 3 130 99 150 310 220 370 PIKE-PERCH 1 160 180 ISO 530 530 530 ROACH 2 100 100 110 240 230 240 VENDACE 1 63 63 63 170 170 170 WKITEPISH 2 160 160 160 380 360 390 INARINJMRVI PERCH 310 260 350 VENDACE 62 62 62 WHITEFISH 31 23 38 PÄIJÄNNE BREAM 2 550 470 630 1400 1700 1500 PERCH 2 960 500 1400 2300 1200 3400 PIKE 2 490 350 640 1200 840 1700 ROACH 2 200 190 220 490 480 500 SAIMAA BREAM 3 31 23 39 84 54 130 PERCH 3 85 69 100 240 180 290 PIKE 3 50 43 60 140 110 160 ROACH 2 16 14 18 51 44 57 OULU OULUJÄRVI BREAM 1 5.7 5.7 5.7 24 24 24 BURBOT 1 39 39 39 140 140 140 DACE 1 26 26 26 76 76 76 PERCH 2 75 72 78 230 220 230 PIKE 1 18 IB 18 85 65 85 ROACH 1 20 20 20 54 54 54 SMELT 1 33 33 33 94 94 94 VENDACE 2 43 31 55 120 87 160 WHITEPISK 2 32 30 33 79 56 100 44 Tabic VIII. The average: activity concent rati on* (i) and variation in cesiua 134 and 137 (ta/kg fresh weight) in various fish species in lekes with surface araaa of sera than 20 ha2 ( class 2). in 1987. Host of tha lakas in this clsss iri >or« than 1O0 ka' by araa. Kuabar of sanples is also given in). The aissing results of cesiua 134 are given in reference 9. PROVINCE FISH Csl34 Csl37 LAKE SPECIES sin • in HAKE 1S0-R0INCVESI »REAM 31 ISO 140 240 440 340 580 BURBOT 41 510 410 580 1200 1000 1500 PERCH I 700 380 1000 1800 1100 2900 PIKE ! 700 650 750 1800 1600 1900 ROACH 1 260 140 340 640 380 820 RUPP 1I 270 270 270 670 670 670 VENDACE <1 420 330 540 1000 880 1300 WH1TEPISK I 210 210 210 500 500 500 KUKKIA BREAM 1 240 160 290 600 440 700 PERCH '1 920 570 1300 2300 1500 3200 PIKE ) 1100 740 1300 2600 1800 3200 ROACH I 640 640 640 1500 1500 1500 VKRDACE i i 530 410 650 1300 1100 1600 KUOHIJXRVI BURBOT L 1700 1700 1700 4700 4700 4700 PERCH I 1300 1200 1400 3600 3400 3800 PIKE L 1500 1500 1500 4300 4300 4300 ROACH L 590 590 590 1600 1600 1600 TROUT 1L 2000 2000 2000 5300 5300 5300 VENDACE L 760 760 760 2100 2100 2100 WMITEFISH I 840 840 840 2300 2300 2300 LXKGELMXVESX •REAH <( 100 67 170 280 200 490 BURBOT Z 540 410 670 1400 1200 1600 IDE I 140 140 140 410 410 410 PERCH ) 700 430 990 1700 13r , 2200 PIKE 1 610 350 780 1500 960 1900 PIKE-PERCH i i aio 700 950 2100 1700 2600 ROACH l 140 89 200 440 300 580 VENDACE L 240 240 240 670 670 670 WHITEriSK ) 340 140 450 850 420 1100 RXSIJXRVI BREAK ! 480 190 770 1100 450 1800 BURBOT ! 1400 1300 1400 4800 3700 5900 PIKE ) 1000 790 1100 2300 1800 2600 SHELT I 900 690 1100 2200 1700 2700 FKLKXNEVESI • REAM L 100 100 100 230 230 230 PERCH [ 430 430 430 1200 1200 1200 PIKE ! 340 86 590 810 220 1400 ROACH I 130 110 140 340 33u 340 PYKXJXRVI BREAM I 21 21 21 44 44 44 (PIRKKALA) BURBOT ) 190 150 230 500 360 590 EEL L 32 32 32 84 84 84 PERCH i 5 270 200 400 700 490 1100 PIKE 1 210 200 220 540 480 590 PIKE-PERCH i 1 290 200 350 720 560 970 ROACH I 74 74 74 180 180 180 PYKXJXRVI BREAK i 1 47 14 130 110 38 330 (TAMMELA) BURBOT 1 54 54 54 150 150 150 PERCH t 52 25 72 150 75 220 PIKE <1 64 55 72 170 160 180 PIKE-PERCH ! es 82 94 240 230 240 ROACH 1 22 21 23 59 59 60 VERSACE L 14 14 14 42 42 42 TARJARNCVESI BREAM ! 260 240 280 680 610 750 IDE 1L 240 240 240 610 610 610 PERCH !i 820 620 1200 2100 1500 3200 PIKE i ) 770 580 960 2000 1400 2500 PIKE-PERCH ! 710 480 940 1800 1200 2500 ROACH 1 480 480 480 1100 1100 1100 VMITEflSH 1 280 280 280 750 750 750 VANAJAVESI BURBOT 420 420 420 960 960 960 PIKE 1 350 350 350 830 830 830 PIKE-PERCH i 360 340 370 840 800 890 ROACH i'. 240 240 250 580 570 590 SMELT :! 200 200 200 500 480 510 WHITEPISH i 210 190 240 530 470 590 45 Tabic VIII continued PROVINCE FISH C»134 C»137 LAKE SPECIES n i • In •ax • •in •ax VESIJÄRVI •REAM I 22Q 130 300 520 330 700 (KANGASALA) BURBOT L 430 4 30 430 1200 1200 1200 PERCK L 590 593 590 1500 1500 1500 PIKE i 460 410 510 1200 1100 1300 PIKE-PERCH < 1 790 380 1400 2000 970 3400 WHITEPISH t 150 78 220 360 190 530 VESIJÄRVI • REAR t 100 100 100 26C 250 260 (LAHTI) PERCK i 240 200 290 590 500 660 PIKE t 220 210 220 520 520 520 ROACH t 130 130 130 310 290 320 WHITEFISH i 110 100 120 210 230 310 CENTRAL FINLAND ARMISVESI BREAK ! 340 340 350 89C 860 920 BURBOT i ! 1800 1600 1900 4300 4200 4400 PERCH 1 1500 750 2500 3600 2100 5600 PIKE 1 1500 1100 1800 3800 2800 4700 ROACH 1 550 380 740 1600 1000 2200 TROUT 1I 2000 2000 2000 5000 5000 5000 WHITEPISH IL 800 800 800 2000 2000 2000 KEITELE BRIAR > 390 100 590 1000 280 1500 BURBOT '! 790 610 940 2000 1500 2300 PERCH 10 8B0 560 1600 2300 1500 4200 PIKE i 810 560 1100 2000 1400 2700 ROACH S 440 240 630 1100 660 1500 RUFF l 550 550 550 1500 1500 1500 VENDACE 4 t 320 200 470 870 600 1200 WHITEPISH 1L 590 590 590 1600 1600 1600 KEURUSSELKÄ BREAR L 440 440 440 1100 1100 1100 BURBOT L 1100 1100 1100 3100 3100 3100 PERCH I 1200 1000 1300 2800 2600 3100 PIKE i 1 1000 750 1300 2600 1900 3200 VEHDACE 2 420 350 480 1100 960 1200 WHITEPISH L 480 480 480 1300 1300 1300 KIVIJÄRVI BURBOT L 570 570 570 1400 1400 1400 PERCK 2 1600 1300 1800 4100 3300 4800 PIKE 1 1500 1300 1800 3900 3300 4900 PIKE-PERCH 1 1400 1200 1700 3900 3100 4700 VEHOACE it 580 530 630 1600 1500 1700 WHITEPISH 1 790 660 910 2000 1700 2200 KOLINA BREAK 1 140 120 170 4 50 380 560 BURBOT L 310 310 310 850 850 850 PERCH L 360 360 360 900 900 900 PIKE i 400 360 440 1100 860 1300 VEHDACE L 170 170 170 450 450 450 LEPPÄVESI BREAK L 55 55 55 150 150 150 BURBOT 2 410 400 430 1000 1000 1000 PERCH 3 250 63 510 630 190 1200 PIKE I 200 160 240 530 400 660 ROACH 9 140 «1 280 360 120 690 VEHDACE 2 250 180 310 620 470 760 PtUURATJÄRVI BREAK L 180 180 180 430 430 430 BURBOT 2 320 270 380 870 660 1100 PERCK •1 180 130 220 450 340 550 PIKE 2 250 100 320 630 440 820 ROACH i 100 94 110 280 270 290 VERDACE 2 110 99 120 290 270 310 WHITEFISH l 130 130 130 350 350 350 PYHÄJÄRVI BURBOT 2 1700 1300 2100 4100 3400 4800 PERCH S 1600 1200 2000 4100 3200 5100 PIKE i 1400 1100 1700 3300 2500 4000 ROACH i 690 630 740 1700 1600 1900 VENDACE L 370 370 370 970 970 970 WHITEPISH 2 1100 840 1300 2500 2000 3000 SUONTEE BREAM i 200 150 240 490 390 550 BURBOT 2 720 650 790 1700 1500 2000 IDE 2 200 180 220 470 400 550 PERCH 7 560 350 910 1400 940 2300 PIKE 1 460 410 510 1200 1100 1300 ROACH 1 200 130 270 530 350 670 BHELT L 37 37 37 86 86 86 46 Tabic VIII continued PROVINCE PISH C»134 C«137 LAKE SPECIES n a • In a a* a • in *aa KUOPIO KONNEVESI • REAM 1 340 340 340 820 020 820 •UMOT 1 830 780 860 2100 2000 2300 PERCH < 1 960 650 1300 2500 1700 3700 PIKE I 030 740 970 2100 1800 2300 ROACH ;I 350 340 350 890 880 900 TROUT 3I 310 310 310 850 850 850 VEHDACE J L 590 590 590 1300 1300 1300 WHITEPISH 1 300 190 900 1200 500 2100 NtLAitKA PERCH 1 S90 480 700 1600 1200 2100 PIKE ;1 710 540 870 1800 1400 2200 ROACH ;f 240 220 270 630 560 690 WHITEPISH 1 270 270 270 640 640 640 ONKIVESI RREAH ] 12 12 12 33 33 33 PERCH 1I 72 72 72 200 200 200 PIKE :1 29 29 29 82 82 82 SORSAVESI PERCH I 1400 1200 1700 3500 3200 4000 PIKE L 1200 1200 1200 3000 3000 3000 ROACH 1L 480 480 480 1200 1200 1200 VERDACE 1t 910 910 »10 240C 2400 2400 SUONTIEHSEI.KA PERCH ;! 1000 920 1100 2800 2600 3000 PIKE ] 670 670 670 1700 1700 1700 ROACH ! 510 510 510 1300 1300 1300 VEHDACE ] 530 530 530 1300 1300 1300 PYHKJARVI BREAK I ISO 150 150 360 360 360 PERCH 'S 610 360 1300 1600 1000 3100 PIKE L 690 690 690 1600 1600 1600 ROACH ! 320 200 440 870 590 1200 VENDACE ! 300 230 380 830 630 1000 VUOHIJARVI PERCH L 920 920 920 2200 2200 2200 LAPIAND KEMIJÄRVI PERCH 190 190 190 PIKE ; 150 130 160 VENDACE 35 32 38 KILPI9JARVI WHITEPISH 34 34 34 LOKKA PIKE 90 88 91 WHITEPISH ; 37 27 46 miDOUSJftRVI PERCH 400 400 400 N1TSIJÄRVI TROUT ] 400 400 400 PAATAR1 TROUT 1 98 98 98 YLI-SOOLIJA«Vl DACf 1 120 120 120 PERCH ] 340 340 340 PIXZ 1 270 270 270 ROACH 1 84 84 84 NIKKELI JXXSJXRVI »REAM I 310 250 370 720 580 870 nncit t i 950 570 1300 2500 1600 3500 PIKE ! 1000 970 1000 2400 2200 2600 ROACH iI 470 370 360 1100 910 1300 VEHDACE ,! 180 27 340 840 740 930 KOftPUARVI PERCH 4( 270 260 290 780 690 900 PIKE 4 1 »8 91 100 310 300 310 ROACH 190 190 190 490 490 490 VEHDACE ;r loo «1 140 270 180 350 WK1TCTISK t 65 55 7* 180 170 200 KYYVESI »URROT 630 630 630 1700 l~>r 1700 IDE 150 150 150 410 410 410 PERCH 1 800 520 1100 2000 1300 2700 PIKE I 450 170 620 1200 430 1700 ROACH i 400 320 480 960 720 1200 PUULA BREAM 52 52 52 130 130 130 ttl 1 27 27 27 87 87 87 PERCH ; 480 250 720 1300 670 1900 PIKE 1 280 280 280 750 750 750 ROACH i 110 100 120 270 250 290 SMELT t 130 120 140 320 310 340 VEHDACE ) 120 110 140 320 310 340 47 rabl* VIII continued PROVINCE FISH C.134 C«137 LAKE SPECIES n x • in •ai 5 •in ••a SUONTEE •REAM 1 300 300 300 720 720 720 BURBOT ] 370 370 370 920 920 920 PERCH It 1100 1100 1200 2700 2700 2800 PIKE ;t 760 640 870 1800 1500 2100 ROACH it 360 330 380 890 880 900 VENDACE 31 380 320 440 980 870 1100 WHITEFISH 1 270 270 270 730 730 730 SYSHARJXRVI BREAM 1 380 380 380 930 930 930 PERCH OOLU KIANTAJKRVI PERCH 1 73 73 73 VERDACE 1 . . . 28 28 28 WHITEPISH 1 . . 20 20 20 LENT UK »UR»OT IL 590 590 590 1600 1800 1800 PERCH 4 1 480 270 660 1500 900 1900 PIKE 1L 440 440 440 1300 1300 1300 ROACH :t 220 210 230 660 630 700 VENDACE 1 340 250 470 960 750 1300 WHITIPISH I 230 220 250 620 610 630 VVOKKIJXHVI PIRE 710 610 800 ROACH 1' • ISO 150 ISO TURKU AND FORI ISOJÄRVI PERCH t 180 68 350 470 190 860 PIKE 4 1 160 120 190 420 300 550 ROACH 11 64 44 90 170 120 220 KARHIJÄRVI RRZAH I 34 24 44 89 78 100 PERCH 1 120 92 140 340 230 420 PIKE I 87 72 100 220 200 250 KYRÖSJARVI •URtOT '1 700 320 1000 1900 760 2800 PERCH 11 1300 740 1700 3200 1800 4200 PIRE i:) 900 610 1200 2300 1500 3000 PIRE-PERCH L 1100 1100 1100 2600 2600 2600 ROACH t 260 160 370 680 430 930 SILVER BREAK t 420 380 470 1100 990 1200 VERDACE II5 410 260 900 1000 710 2200 PYHÄJÄRVI PERCH I 570 570 570 1500 1500 1500 PIKE [ 180 180 180 460 460 460 ROACH I 200 200 200 550 550 550 VEHDACE I 110 110 110 290 290 290 SÄÄKSJÄRVI PERCH 7 370 300 480 980 780 1300 PIKE I 320 290 350 740 710 760 ROACH » 110 78 170 280 180 430 VEHDACE 2 130 66 190 320 180 460 VAASA AHTÄR1HJARVI PERCH 1L 1000 1000 1000 2600 2600 2600 PIKE 1L 900 900 900 2200 2200 2200 WHITEFISH 1I 620 620 620 1500 1500 1500 LESTIJÄRVI PERCH > 640 600 680 1700 1600 1700 PIRE ;t 320 140 500 810 420 1200 ROACH 1L 210 210 210 610 610 610 LUODORJÄRVI 8REAH I 320 320 320 840 840 840 PERCH <2 280 150 410 610 410 820 PIKE 2 530 420 630 1400 1100 1700 VEMDACE I 170 170 170 410 410 410 48 Table IX. Th« *ftr PROVIKCE FISH c«134 Cal37 LAKE SPECIES n i • in •aa X • in •ii HAME ALAMEN-HERAJJIAVX PIKE 1L 3900 3900 3900 liooo 11000 11000 WH1TEP1SH : 1500 1500 1500 4000 4000 4000 AUREJJUVI BURBOT 1 1200 1100 1200 3200 3100 3200 PERCH !S 1600 940 2200 4300 2600 5700 PIKE 1L 2100 2100 2100 5400 5400 5400 UHITEFISH ,t S20 500 540 1500 1400 1500 EKOJKRVI • REAM 1L 230 230 230 630 630 630 PIKE I 700 700 70O 1800 1800 1800 KATUHAJXRVI • REAM 1 98 95 100 270 250 300 PERCH L 600 600 600 1400 1400 1400 PIKE t 420 400 440 1000 900 1100 ROACH L 210 210 210 520 520 520 VKN0ACE 1 190 140 230 490 390 580 WHITEFISH [ 260 260 260 660 660 660 XEIHKSJKRVI • REAM t 820 820 820 2000 2000 2000 BURBOT 1 Z500 2500 2500 6100 6100 6100 PERCH I 1400 1400 1400 3200 3200 3200 PIKE I 1400 1400 1400 3300 3300 3300 ROACH [ 870 870 870 1900 1900 1900 KERTEJARVI BREAH 1 720 670 770 1900 1800 2000 BURBOT I 1200 920 1700 3000 2200 3800 PERCH 5 1300 720 1900 3300 2000 4500 PIKE 9 1403 1300 1600 3300 3000 3500 ROACH S 570 350 870 140O 950 2000 VENOACE 2 490 430 540 1300 1200 1400 PnJUKRVI BURBOT 1 310 310 310 90O 900 900 PERCH 1 330 330 330 920 920 920 PIKE I 310 310 310 820 820 820 ROACH 1 89 89 8» 260 260 260 VENDACE L 150 150 150 410 410 410 RUTAJARVI BREAK 90 39 170 240 110 430 BURBOT I 160 140 ISO 390 360 410 PERCH 2 290 220 350 700 540 870 PIKE 1 180 180 180 400 400 400 PIKE-PERCH 2 270 240 290 650 590 710 SILVER BREAH 1 210 210 210 540 540 540 SEINXJARVI PERCH 1 2400 1900 3000 6000 5000 7300 PIKE 1 1800 1600 2300 4600 3400 5800 ROACH 1 770 670 880 2000 1800 2100 WHITEriSK I 830 510 1100 2100 1400 2600 CENTRAL rtNLAHD KYVJXRVI •BEAK J 160 120 200 410 340 510 PERCH <> 680 260 1300 1800 750 3400 PIKE 1 S20 450 »60 1300 1200 1400 PETÄJÄVESI BREAK I 92 92 92 230 230 230 PERCH 1 310 280 330 730 660 600 PIKE I 280 280 280 690 690 690 ROACH 1 120 120 120 300 300 300 TUOMIOJKRVI BRZAH t 16 16 17 46 44 48 BURBOT 1 120 120 120 310 310 310 PERCH ' 96 54 170 260 140 500 PIKI '1 290 83 880 230 200 260 ROACH '1 39 21 62 98 56 150 VALKEAJARVI BREAH I 950 730 1100 2500 1800 2900 PERCH 11 3100 2300 4900 8000 6200 12000 PIKI i 3300 2300 4000 8000 5400 10000 ROACH 41 970 110 1900 2400 370 4500 KUOPIO ISO-II BREAK J 28 28 72 72 72 PERCH I 41 27 120 76 160 PIKE : 35 35 97 97 97 PIKE-PERCH 34 34 110 110 110 ROACH i I 12 12 40 40 40 KARENJftRVI PERCH 46 46 180 180 ISO PIKE 1 64 64 240 240 240 49 'abi* IX continued 'ROVIHCE risu C»134 C«137 .AKE SPECIES n x • in •ax X •in •ax 1YHI 'UHKKARIKJARVI •Rl AM i1 140 43 230 360 93 5S0 PERCH .APIAHD iKASJARVI BURBOT 1 120 120 120 PERCH ] . 75 75 75 PIKE 1 . 100 100 100 ROACH 1 . 67 67 67 RUFF ] . 40 40 40 VEHDACE 1 48 48 48 r WHITIFISH ] . 79 79 79 lERlSjKRVI PIKE ] . 73 73 73 WHITEPISH ; , 52 36 67 IAITAHO.-KRVI BURBOT ] S9 59 59 TROVT ] 69 69 69 WKITEFISH 3 . 27 21 33 .UOBHUSJARVI wuTErisH ; 74 66 82 IIKKALUARVI PIKE ] . 210 210 210 WKITEFISH ] . 100 100 100 lAMHlJftRVI PIKE 1 . 310 310 310 WHITEFISH ] . 190 190 190 IOLOJARVI TROVT 1 . 110 110 110 IULKUJARVI BURBOT ] , 160 160 160 PERCH ] ISO 150 150 r WHITEFISH 1 . 69 69 69 rAHA LOKIJAXVI BRCAH 1 • 3» 39 39 UKKELI IOUTSJARVI BREAH t ?1 570 480 670 (ORPUXRVI BREAH t 10 3 68 1313 260 180 340 BURBOT ]1 36 3 360 36 3 910 910 910 •EL L 9 i 91 9 1 280 280 280 PERCH 41 31 3 260 37 B 870 700 1100 PIKE t 28 3 280 29 J 770 720 830 ROACH > 9 3 74 11 D 240 210 270 VEHDACE 1 10 3 100 10 a 320 320 320 .AXMINK1 BURBOT L 110 3 1100 110 » 2700 2700 2700 PERCH 1i S6 3 580 120 9 2 200 1500 2900 PIKE 2 81 3 710 92 9 2100 1900 2200 ROACH 2 34 3 330 36 9 870 840 900 WHITiriSH i 38 3 280 50 9 920 770 1200 .AHNAVESI BURBOT 1 36 3 360 36 9 1000 1000 1000 PERCH ' 1 33 3 290 36 9 850 790 920 PIKE 5 31 3 300 31 9 780 710 820 ROACH 2 19 3 150 22 9 480 410 560 50 Tabic IX continued PROVINCE riSH C.134 C.137 LAKE SPECIES n i • In • AX it • In •ax MAJUTVE3I BREAM 1L 140 140 140 370 370 370 PERCH 1L 900 900 900 2(00 2400 2400 PIKE t 390 390 390 1100 1100 1100 ROACH 1 ISO 150 150 410 410 410 PIEKSXKJkRVI BREAM L 1600 1600 1600 3500 3500 3500 PERCH 11 4B00 2700 7200 12000 6500 18000 PIKE 41 2600 2000 3400 6400 4600 8100 VEHDACE 1 1100 710 1600 2B0O 1930 3 SOO POHJOIS-SURNUI BREAM J 790 670 910 200O IBOO 2200 BURBOT ]t 2300 2300 2300 6100 6100 6100 PERCH 11 2600 1100 3300 6700 3100 8200 PIKE 1 1700 1100 2300 4200 2700 6000 FYHKJXRVI BREAM ! 720 630 B20 1700 1400 2000 BURBOT t 3000 3000 3000 6700 6700 6700 PERCH t 2400 2400 2400 5600 5600 5600 PIKE > 2200 2100 2400 5600 5100 6600 ROACH ;1 1300 940 1700 3300 2700 3900 VERDACE L 1300 1300 1300 3200 3200 3200 imiTCPISH 1t 1400 1400 1400 3900 3900 3900 SYNSlX PERCH < 1 940 750 1200 2300 1800 2900 PIKE i1 720 670 790 1800 1500 2200 ROACH 1 340 2B0 400 S50 690 «00 WHITEPISK t 200 170 240 510 470 550 SYVKKSI BREAM 1 480 470 710 1400 1100 1600 PERCH '5 1400 1200 1800 3600 3100 4700 PIKE i 1500 1500 1700 3700 3300 4400 ROACH ) 800 610 900 2000 1700 2100 VENDACE 1 1000 1000 1000 2500 2500 2500 WH1TCPI3H L 950 950 950 2700 2700 2700 VANAJAJKRVI BURBOT l 2400 2400 2400 5500 5500 5500 PERCH l 1900 1900 2000 4700 4400 5OO0 PIKE 2 2200 1300 3100 5400 3200 7600 ROACH 1 1100 1100 1100 2600 2600 2600 VENDACE 1 760 760 760 2000 2000 2O00 WKITEP1SK [ 920 920 920 2400 2400 2400 OULU JUMALISJKRVI PERCH , 240 240 240 KXRENJXRVI PERCH t 650 600 700 1900 1800 1900 PIKE 1[ 370 370 370 1000 1000 1000 VENDACE 370 370 370 990 990 990 KEVATTlJÄRVI VEMDACE , , 380 380 380 KUIVASJKRVI PIKE 67 67 67 WHITEMSH , 23 20 25 PIRTTIJÄRVI PIKE L 310 310 310 890 890 890 REISJXRV1 PIRCH I 57 43 71 140 110 180 PIKE I 57 57 57 140 140 140 ROACH I 35 35 35 94 94 94 SAARESJXRVI PERCH » 77 12 130 220 35 360 PIKE I 67 67 67 220 220 220 HHITEPISH 1 »1 43 60 160 140 190 SAPSOJKRVI BURBOT t 480 430 530 1400 1300 1500 PIKE 11 340 340 340 970 970 970 TURKU AKD PORI AHHASVESI IDE L 32 32 32 77 77 77 PERCH ]I 62 62 62 160 160 160 PIKE 11 61 61 61 140 140 140 ELUXRV: BREAM <1 590 350 760 1500 970 1900 PERCH '1 2100 1700 2500 5400 4100 6300 PIKE i 1 1500 1300 1800 3800 3600 4300 ROACH 1 1000 1000 1000 2400 2400 2400 INHOTTU BREAM '1 32 19 42 91 70 120 PIRCH 1! 67 38 98 180 110 250 PIKE ! 100 85 120 240 200 270 ROACH •> 57 24 100 150 75 280 j AKI jMivi BREAM 1 84 41 130 220 120 320 PIKI < 460 270 670 1100 640 1500 PIKE-PERCH I! 720 680 760 1900 1700 2000 51 rabl* IX continued PROVINCE FISH »134 C»137 LAKE SPECIES n i •In mmx X •In ••* JOVTSUARVI •REAM 1 51 51 51 120 120 120 PERCH ! 700 520 940 1900 1400 2600 PIKE i 560 500 620 1400 1300 1600 ROACH 4 390 210 550 1000 610 1400 VHITIFI3H 1 130 130 130 340 340 340 KAHXARI •REAM ] 200 200 200 480 480 480 •URROT J 520 520 520 1300 1300 1300 PERCH 220 210 240 560 530 600 ROACH 1L 34 34 34 95 95 95 OTAJANVI PERCH t 490 390 590 1200 960 1500 FIRE t 380 320 440 940 780 1100 ROACH ,t 140 28 240 350 62 630 RAUTAVESI PERCH l 470 470 470 1100 1100 1100 VAHOJARVI BURBOT L 1400 1400 1400 3100 3100 3100 PERCH i i 990 690 1200 2500 1800 3300 FIRE ) 1400 970 1700 3500 2300 4600 ROACH l 500 500 510 1300 1300 1300 VfNDACE l 560 520 590 1400 1400 1500 WHITEFISH L 540 540 540 1500 1500 1500 VEHKAJÄRVI PERCH L 540 540 S40 1300 1300 1300 PIRI I 610 610 610 1400 1400 1400 UUSIHAA DECERSJÖ PERCH 2 21 20 22 48 41 54 KYTXJARVI FERCH 2 31 18 45 88 57 120 PIKE-PERCH 1 37 37 37 100 100 100 ROACH 1 12 12 12 32 32 32 HINJARVI BREAH 41 190 51 540 510 120 1500 PERCH ! 420 320 520 1100 950 1200 FIRE ) 540 470 600 1400 1300 1500 KUORTAKEERJÄRVI BREAH I 26 24 27 66 65 66 PIKE 1 100 100 100 250 250 250 F1KC-PERCH i 180 180 180 440 440 440 WHITiriSH 1 70 70 70 190 190 190 RUUHIJÄRVI PERCH i 1 720 430 1100 2000 1200 3100 PIK t 1000 870 1100 2600 2400 2900 ROACH i 310 280 350 830 810 840 STORTRXSKET BREAH i 200 190 210 490 460 520 BURBOT [ 240 240 240 610 610 610 PERCH ) 290 220 350 790 620 880 PIKt ! 230 210 240 590 510 670 ROACH l 170 170 170 390 390 390 ULLAVANJXRVI BREAH i 190 180 210 480 400 560 PERCH 1 1200 1100 1300 3000 2700 3200 FIXE l 600 590 610 1500 1500 1600 52 Table X . The average activity concentration» (1) and variation by province in ceeiua 134 and 137 ( Bq/kg fresh vaight ) in various fl»h species in lakes with a surfaca araa of lass than 1 tta2( class 4 ). In 1987. Nviaber at seaplea is elao given ( n ). The altaina results of cesiua 134 are given in reference 9. FISH CSI34 CS137 SPECIES n 5 •in •ax X • in ••> HAKE »MM» 4 750 130 1300 1800 340 3000 BURBOT 1 3800 3800 3800 9300 9300 9300 EEL ft 720 470 1200 1900 1300 2600 PERCH 47 3700 370 13000 9400 1000 2B000 PIKI 21 4400 «40 12000 11000 1700 33000 ROACH IB 1200 62 3800 3000 1B0 9200 RUFP 1 2700 2700 2700 7500 7500 7500 WHITEPI3H 18 1700 46 3400 «200 120 •400 CHTMI, rlKLAKD • REM) 6 280 86 S90 690 260 1300 BURBOT 2 700 650 750 1800 1500 2000 PERCH 16 820 94 4200 2100 280 10000 PIKE 6 1300 430 4800 3200 1100 11000 ROACH 7 210 28 460 530 110 1100 WHITEP1SK 2 35 34 37 96 92 99 KTMI BREAM 11 160 74 240 430 190 660 PERCH 28 930 110 2200 2400 330 5200 PIKE 10 820 130 2700 2000 310 6500 ROACH 18 430 54 1200 1100 140 3000 SILVER BREAM 1 220 220 220 530 530 530 WHITE'ISH 3 680 600 760 1700 1600 1600 LAPLAMD BURBOT 3 . 200 110 300 PERCH 12 200 33 380 PIKE 10 . 210 90 350 ROACH 1 110 110 110 WKITtriSH 6 97 25 180 MIKKELI PERCH * 700 250 1300 1900 600 3500 PIKE 3 820 750 930 2000 1900 2200 ROACH 2 370 290 440 960 820 1100 OULU •Uit BOT 1 48 48 48 130 130 130 PERCH 5 89 88 89 500 220 1300 PIKE 4 76 64 67 670 180 1500 ROACH 1 41 41 41 110 110 110 WHITtflSK 1 150 150 150 TURKU AND PORI BREAM 2 85 22 150 220 64 370 PERCH 10 1400 240 4 200 3400 620 10000 PIKE 7 870 390 1900 2200 930 4500 ROACH 7 370 92 950 910 240 2300 »urr 1 420 4 20 420 970 970 970 WKITE'ISH 2 230 97 360 550 250 850 UUSIMAA ROACH 1 51 51 31 140 140 140 WHITtTlSH 1 70 70 70 230 230 230 VAASA PIRCH 1 710 710 710 1700 1700 1700 PIKE 1 440 440 440 1000 1000 1000 ROACH 1 260 260 260 560 560 560 53 Table XI. Activity concentrations of ,0 Sr (Bq kg-1 fresh weight) in freshwater fish in 1986 and 1987. Province Fish Sampling 9 0 Sr Lake species date Häme Längelmävesi Perch 31.7.86 12 Bream 14.8.86 1. 6 Vendace 16.8.86 5. 2 Pike 28.8.86 0. 33 Pääjärvi Perch 13.11.86 5. 0 Renkajärvi Vendace 12.8.86 2. 1 Tarjanne Vendace 20.9.86 7. 2 Näsijärvi Smelt 20.5.87 7. 4 Paalijärvi Perch 24.3.87 32 Keski-Suomi Keitele Vendace 15.7.86 7.5 n Vendace 19.11.86 13 Kynsivesi Vendace 15.10.86 9.9 Vuorijärvi Pike 29.8.86 1.6 Keitele Perch 5.6.87 9.0 n Vendace 5.8.87 10 Pyhäjärvi Roach 25.4.87 33 Mikkeli Pöksänlampi White fish 19.9.86 5.2 Päijänne Roach 15.6.87 23 Saimaa Roach 26.6.87 7.1 Turku and Pori Pyhäjärvi Vendace 6.7.86 5.5 Kyrösjärvi Pike July 87 0.52 Vaasa Lestijärvi Perch 13.5.87 33 Oulu Nuijunjärvi I de 8.7.86 0.63 54 FINNISH CENTRE FOR RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY P.O.Box 268, SF-0O101 HELSINKI, FINLAND Institute of Radiation Physics (SFL) 1958 - 1975 Institute of Radiation Protection (STL) 1975 - 1984 Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK) since 1st March 1984 Report code prefix letters (representing -the acronym of the Finnish name of the institution) have been changed with the naaes of the institution. Report numbers continue in the original progressive series. SFL-A reports: SFL-A2 Castr&n O. Gammaspectrometric determinations of caesium-137 and potassium in Finnish milk. Helsinki, 1966. SFL-A3 Paakkola O. Radiostrontium in milk, grass and some other biological samples in Finland. Helsinki, 1966. SFL-A4 Salo A. Strontium-90 and caesium-137 in water in Finland. Helsinki, 1966. SFL-A5 Castren O. An Algol programme for the detection efficiences around a cylindrical scintillation cristal. Helsinki, 1966. SFL-A6 Suomela M. The construction and calibration of the whole-body counter in the Institute of Radiation Physics. Helsinki, 1967. SFL-A7 Toivonen M. On routine personnel dosimetry with fluoroglasses. Helsinki, 1967. SFL-A8 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1967. SFL-A9 Bagge P, Salo A. Biological detectors of radioactive contamination in the Baltic. Helsinki, 1967. SFL-A10 Isola A. A portable survey meter for low-level radiation measurements. Helsinki, 1967. SFL-A11 Toivonen M, Isola A. On the exposure of radiological employees in Finland during 1965-1967. Helsinki, 1968. SFL-A12 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1967. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1968. SFL-A13 Toivonen M. An arrangement for read-out of luminescent dosimeters. Helsinki, 1969. SFL-A14 Kahlos H. Radon-222 concentration of some water samples determine with gammaspectrometric measurements. Helsinki, 1969. 55 SFL-A15 Asikainen M, Blomqvist L. Measurements of airborne radionuclide in Finland with a highvolume air sampler and Ge(Li)-spectroscopy. Helsinki, 15/0. SFL-A16 Kahlos H, Suomela M. Studies on the elimination rate and the radiation exposure following ingestion of radon-222 rich water. Helsinki, 1970. SFL-A17 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1968-1970. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1971. SFL-A18 Rannikko S, Uotila 1, Kiviniitty K. Measurements of radiation output of telecobalt units in Finland. Helsinki, 1971. SFL-A19 Kahlos H, Asikainen M. Natural radioactivity of ground water in the Helsinki area. Helsinki, 1973. SFL-A20 Salo A, Saxen R. On the role of humic substances in the transport of radionuclides. Helsinki, 1974. STL-A reports: STL-A21 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1971-1975. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1977. STL-A22 Bjarland B. The Hytype printer as versatile output device in small NOVA configurations. Helsinki, 1976. STL-A23 Uotila I. CAMAC extension for BASIC on the NOVA 1200 minicomputer. Helsinki, 1976. STL-A24 Asikainen M, Kahlos H. Natural radioactivity of ground and surface water in Finland » Pohja- ja pinta vesien luonnollinen radioaktiivisuus Suomessa. Helsinki, 1977. STL-A25 Rannikko SJ, Sinitsin RV (ed.). Clinical dosimetry: proceedings of the Soviet-Finnish Cooperative Meeting on Clinical Dosimetry, Leningrad, USSR, 6-10 December 1976. Helsinki, 1^79. STL-A26 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1976-1977. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1979. S'.::. A27 Toivonen M. individual TL detector characteristics in automated processing of personnel dosemeters: correction factors as extension to identify codes of dosemeter cards. Helsinki, 1979. STL-A28 Bjarland B. Microcomputer control of automated TL reader. Helsinki, 1979. STL-A29 Stenstrand K, Toivonen H, Rytömaa T. Radiation- induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes: dose-response relationships after irradiation in vitro with 200 kV X-rays and 60-Co gamma rays. Helsinki, 1979. 56 STL-A30 Toivonen H. A flexible multipurpose model for normal and transient cell kinetics. Helsinki, 1980. STL-A31 Toivonen H. Transient cell kinetics. Applications of tracer techniques to cancer research and radiobiology. Helsinki, 1980. STL-A32 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1978. Helsinki, 1980. STL-A33 Rantanen E. Calibration of neutron rem counters: discussion on different results obtained in two laboratories. Helsinki, 1980. STL-A34 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1979. Helsinki, 1981. STL-A 3 Rannikko S. Concept of the population mean malignancy dose. Helsinki, 1981. STL-A36 Rannikko S, Heinämaa R. Number of medical X-ray examinations, their distribution and doses to bone marrow in 1978. Helsinki, 1981. STL-A37 Rannikko S. Problems concerning the assessment of the radiation dose to population as a result of X-ray examinations. Helsinki, 1981. STL-A38 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1980. Helsinki, 1981. STL-A39 Asikainen M. Natural radioactivity of ground water and drinking water in Finland. Helsinki, 1982. STL-A40 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1961. Helsinki, 1983. STL-A41 Rajama J, Rantavaara A. Radioactivity in Finnish cereals from 1962 to 1980. Helsinki, 1982. STL-A42 Turai I, Toivonen H. Radiohygiene of fission isotopes of iodine: experiments in rats and model studies in man. Helsinki, 1983. STL-A43 Servomaa A, Toivonen M, Kiuru A. Mailed TL dosimeters for monitoring the output from diagnostic x-ray equipment. Helsinki, 1983. STL-A44 Servomaa A. Significance of x-ray diagnostic quality assurance in terms of radiation impact to patients. Helsinki, 1983. STL-A45 Suomela M. Whole-body counter studies in radiation protection and clinical research. Helsinki, 1983. STL-A46 Arvela H. A Nordic intercomparison and evaluation of the detector responses to natural environmental gamma radiation. Helsinki, 1983. 57 STL-A47 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1982. Helsinki, 1984. STL-A48 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1983. Helsinki, 1984. STUK-A reports: STUK-A49 Tarvainen M, Riihonen M. Spent fuel measurements at Loviisa nuclear power station. May, 1982. Helsinki, 1984. STUK-A50 Järvinen H, Rannikko S, Servomaa A. Report on the Nordic-Soviet meeting on standard and applied dosimetry, Helsinki, 9-11 November 1983. Helsinki, 1984. STUK-A51 Arvela H, Winqvist K. Influence of source type and air exchange on variations of indoor radon concentration. Helsinki, 1986. STUK-A52 af Ekenstam G, Tarvainen M. Independent burnup verification of BWR-type nuclear fuel by means of the 137Cs f^tivity. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A53 Järvinen H, Rantanen E, Jokela K. Testing of radiotherapy dosimeters in accordance with IEC specification. Helsinki, 1986. STUK-A54 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland 1984-1985. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A55 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland in 1986. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A56 Sinkko K, Aaltonen H, Taipale TK, Juutilainen J. Airborne radioactivity in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 1 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A57 Saxen R, Taipale TK, Aaltonen H. Radioactivity of wet and dry deposition and soil in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 2 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A58 Rantavaara A, Haukka S. Radioactivity of milk, meat, cereals and other agricultural products in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 3 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A59 Rantavaara A. Radioactivity of vegetables and mushrooms in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 4 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A60 Saxen R, Aaltonen H. Radioactivity of surface water in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 5 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. 58 STUK-A61 Saxen R, Rantavaara A. Radioactivity of fresh water fish in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 6 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A62 Rantavaara A, Nygren T, Nygren K, Hyvönen T. Radioactivity of game meat in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 7 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A63 Rissanen K, Rahola T, Illukka E, Alfthan A. Radioactivity of reindeer, game and fish in Finnish Lapland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 8 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A64 Rahola T, Suomela M, Hiukka E, Puhakainen M, Pusa S. Radioactivity of people in Finland after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 9 to Annual Report STUK- A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A65 Arvela H, Blomqvist L, Lemmelä H, Savolainen A-L, Sarkkula S. Environmental gamma radiation measurements in Finland and the influence of the meteorological conditions after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 10 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A66 Hus E, Sjöblom K-L, Saxen R, Aaltonen H, Taipale TK. Finnish studies on radioactivity in the Baltic Sea after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 11 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A67 Hus E, Sjöblom K-L, Aaltonen K, Klemola S, Arvela H. Monitoring of radioactivity in the environs of Finnish nuclear power stations in 1986. Supplement 12 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. CTUK-A68 Puhakainen M, Rahola T, Suomela M. Radioactivity of sludge after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Supplement 13 to Annual Report STUK-A55. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A69 Salmenhaara S, Tarvainen M. Nondestructive measurements with a WWER-440 fuel assembly model using neutron and gamma sources. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A70 Hellmuth K-H. Rapid determination of strontium-89 and strontium-90 - experiences and results with various methods after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Helsinki, 1987. STUK-A71 Keskitalo J. Effects of thermal discharges on the benthic vegetation and phytoplankton outside the Olki luoto nuclear power station, west coast of Finland. Helsinki, 1988. STUK-A72 Keskitalo J. Effects of thermal discharges on the benthic vegetation and phytoplankton outside the Olki luoto nuclear power station, west coast of Finland: summary. Helsinki, 1988. 59 STUK-A73 Järvinen H, Bregazde JI, Berlyand VA, Toivonen M. Comparison of The National Standards for the measurements of absorbed dose at 60Co gamma radiation. Helsinki, 1988. STUK-A74 Studies on environmental radioactivity in Finland in 1987. Annual Report. Helsinki, 1989. (to be published in 1989) STUK-A75 Saxen R, Aaltonen H, Ikäheimonen TK. Airborne and deposited radioactivity in Finland in 1987. Supplement 1 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1989. (To be published 1989). STUK-A76 Arvela H. Environmental gamma radiation measurements in Finland in 1987. Supplement 2 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1989. STUK-A77 Saxen R, Rantavaara A. Radioactivity of surface water and fresh water fish in Finland in 1987. Supplement 3 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1989. STUK-A78 Rantavaara A. Radioactive substances of foodstuffs in Finland in 1987. Supplement 4 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1989. (to be published in 1989) STUK-A79 Sjöblom K-L, Klemola S, Hus E, Arvela H, Blomqvist L. Monitoring of radioactivity in the environs of finnish nuclear power stations in 1987. Supplement 5 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1989. STUK-A80 Rissanen K, Rahola T, Hiukka E, Alftan A. Radioactivity in reindeer, game, fish and plants in finnish Lappland in 1987. Supplement 6 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsin ki, 1989. (to be published in 1989) STUK-A81 Rahola T, Suomela M, Hiukka E, Pusa S. Radioactivity of people in Finland in 1987. Supplement 7 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1989. STUK-A82 Ikäheimonen TK, Hus E, Saxen R. Finnish studies in radioactivity in the Baltic Sea in 1987. Supplement 8 to Annual Report STUK A-74. Helsinki, 1988. STUK-A83 Hus E, Klemola S, Sjöblom K-L, Ikäheimonen TK. Radioactivity of Focus vesiculosus along the finnish coast in 1987. Supplement 9 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsinki, 1988. STUK-A84 Puhakainen M, Rahola T. Radioactivity of sludge in Finland in 1987. Supplement 10 to Annual Report STUK-A74. Helsin ki, 1989. ISBN 951-47-1468-7 ISSN 0781-1705