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U·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Voice and argument structure in Yaqui. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Escalante, Fernando. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 15:27:09 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185073 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are· in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The (!!!aiii~ of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sectiop.5 with small overlaps. Each original is also phOi.Ugraphed hi one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I UniverSity Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI 48106-1346 USA 313761·4700 800521-0600 Order Number 9028147 Voice and argument structure in Yaqui Escalante, Fernando, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1990 Copyright ©1990 by Escalante, Fernando. All r!ghts reserved. U·M-I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 1 VOICE AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE IN YAQUI by Fernando Escalante Copyright @ Fernando Escalante 1990 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For.the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE lrNI~~RSITY OF ARIZONA 199 0 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by ~F~e~r~n~a~n~d~o~E==s~c~a~l~a~n~t~e~ __________________ ___ entitled Voice and Argument Struc~t_u~r~e~i~n~Y~a~g~u~i ________________ __ and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ----------------------~~------------------------------ ~ /.2.) /9'9'"0 Date /2.. /99D R.......... a.rd A. Demers Date . I IL. 111D Jijiz H. Hill ) (~~yt£~h· ~~ .. ! : 12 I / /£0 rien.ne.. ..} TLehrer Da~ e ~2,t7~D e T' Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ~ /.2., / '7'90 Dissertation ~ector Date Eloise Jelinek -------------------------------------~-~-~- .. -----=. 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief q-Ilotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. ------------------------------~--.---~.--~ .-. 4 DEDICATION ITOM YOEMNOKTA KETUNI NOOKAME VETCH'IVO Abwe heewi, wa'asok chikti pa'ala Hiak yoremia nee mammatteme. Bweituk, in poloove Yoemtuka'upo amani. Inepo inika yoemnokta kaa nee chea tuttutti tu'isi inc nee a ta'a tia huni'i to' oven. Taa nee inika iIiikik in ta'aa'u, nee inim Yoemem vetchi'ivo a hiohtek. Inika itom Hiak nooki chea itom aa ta'avaepo vetana, itepo tua inian au haptela. Itom Yoemnoki a nakekai, a hatteiyakai aet te tekipanoasakane. Wame itom aso'olam, itom iIi uusim kaa vem nooki am ta'arune'epo vetana. Inika itom Yoemnokta itom yoyo'owam itou to'osahaka'u, itepo-te am mahtane. Halekesia, naIIeve'emu, wepul item nau chvoka'apo amani, au te hapteka nau te wepul nau hiapsekamtavenasia te aet tekipanosakane vichau vicha. Humaku'u te itom noki kee a Iu'uteo a hinneune. ----------------------------~.------= .. 5 DEDICATION TO OUR YOEMEM WHO STILL SPEAK OU~ YAQUI LANGUAGE Well yes, all those Yoemem inclusively that understand me. Because I am a humble man, I am not saying that I know the Yoeme language very thoroughly. But, the little that I know, I have written it here for the Yoemem. This Yoeme language of ours, in order to know more about it, we like this have stood up to our task. Loving and admiring our Yoeme language we will keep on working on it, so that those children of ours will not lose their language. This Yoeme language of ours that our elders left for us, we will teach it to our children without hesitation, side by side, because we have one blood together. We will stand up to our task like as if we had one heart together. Going forward we will work at it. Maybe, we can save our language before it ceases to exist. 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At this time I would -like to take this opportw,ity to express my profound appreciation and gratitude to all those who have dirctly or indirectly contributed to my educational and intellectual development. I realize that a great number of individuals assisted me with encouragement and financial support during my many years of attendance at the University of Arizona. Unfortunately, because of limited space, I will just mention a couple of individuals who with their encouragement, and belief in my untapped potential have uplifted me to my present educational status which I now enjoy. I now wish to make known here my grateful acknowledgement to my mentor, linguistic advisor, and friend, Professor Eloise Jelinek, for her linguistic expertise, without which this dissertation never could have been written. She always made available that extra assistance above and beyond her duty that inspired me to pursue my education in linguistics. I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Arlene Hobson, who was the American Indian student advisor during my undergraduate years. Ms. Hobson encouraged me to continue in school and during my perpetual money crisis, she always managed to find some financial support that enabled me to finish with my bachelor's degree. I am also very grateful to the University for the monetary support it has extended to me. My gratitude also goes to the very supportive role of the Linguistics faculty for their students. I am grateful to my family and hope my daughters, Rosa and Patti, follow in my footsteps in any educational field of their choice. -------------------~---------~. -------.= 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES. .10 ABSTRACT. .11 Chap. I. INTRODUCTION 1.0. Background of the study. · .12 1.1. The Arizona Yaqui •• • .12 1.2. Bilingualism •••••••••••• • .14 1.3. The Yaqui Language •••••• . .. .. 16 1.4. Previous work on Yaqui. • •• 17 1.5. The Sounds of yaqui •••• • ••• 18 1.5.1. The Problem of Pitch/Accent or Tone ••• · .23 1.5.1.1. Pitch/Accent and the Syllable. • .26 1.5.1.2. Syllable types •••••••••••••••• • .26 1.5.1.3. Reduplication •••••••••••••••••• ..27 1.5.1.4. The Semantics of Reduplication •• ..28 1.5.1.5. Reduplication and Syllable Structure ••••••••••• • .29 1.5.1.6. Unresolved Problems •• • .35 1.5.2. Summary on Pitch/Accent •••••• ..36 Chapter II. ARGUMENT STRUCTURE IN BASIC SENTENCES 2.0. Introduction ••••••••••••••••• • •• 38 2.1.. The Noun and the Noun Phrase. • •••••• • 39 2.1.1. Plurals •••••••••• .39 2.1.2. Case ••••••••••••••• · .41 2.1.3. The Noun Phrase ••• • .• 43 2.1.3.1. Determiners •• •••••••• • 43 2.1.3.2. Adjectives •• ..44 2.1.4. Pronouns •••••••••• · .45 2.1.5. clitics •.......... • .47 2.1.5.1. subject Clitics .• •• 47 2.1.5.2. Object Clitics •.• ..49 2.1.5.3. Uses of the Clitics •• • .50 2.2. The Verb and the Verb Phrase •••••• • ••• 54 2.2.1. Tense, Aspect and Modality. • • 54 2.2.1.1. position 1. · • 54 2.2.1.2. position 2 ••• · • 55 2.2.1.3. position 3. • • 56 2.2.2. Suppletion ••.•••••• • • 57 2.2.3. The Verb Phrase ••• • • 58 2.3. Summary on Simple Clauses •• • • 58 ------------------------------------ -----_.. _- -- .--- ,,,. 8 Chapter III. COMPLFx SENTENCES 3.0. Introduction •••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••• 60 3.1. Compound verbs •..•......•...•...•................ 62 3.2. Complex verbs •.....•.•..•....••.•................ 64 3.2.1. Causatives ....•••...•.•...•......•......... 66 3.2.2. Indirect Causatives •••••••••••••••••••••••• 68 3.2. J. Directives ................................. 69 3.2.4. Desideratives .............................. 70 3.3. Evidence for a multi-clause analysis ••••••••••••• 72 3.4. Compound-Complex verbs •••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 74 3 • 5 • Argument Order ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 75 3.6. Reduplication of the Matrix Verb ••••••••••••••••• 77 3.7. Summary and Discussion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 79 Chapter IV. VOICE 4 • o. Introduction ..................................... 81 4.0.1. A definition of voice •••••••••••••••••••••• 81 4.0.2. The Pragmatics of voice •••••••••••••••••.•• 82 4.0.3. Voice and argument structure ••••••••••••.•• 83 4.1. The Passive ............
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