Present and Attend the 17 International Giesco Symposium
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Present and attend the 17th International Giesco Symposium and academic tour of universities, vineyards and wineries in Northern Italy FINAL REPORT to GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Project Number: GWT1104 Principal Investigator: Cassandra Collins Research Organisation: University of Adelaide Date: August-September 2011 Project Title: Present and attend the 17th International Giesco Symposium and academic tour of universities, vineyards and wineries in Northern Italy Project Number: GWT 1104 Principal Investigator: Dr Cassandra Collins University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food and Wine PMB 1, Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Acknowledgements Research and activities in the project covered by this report were supported financially by Australia’s grape growers and wine makers through their investment body the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation (GWRDC), with matching funds from the Australian Government. We thank the GWRDC and the University of Adelaide for supporting this project. Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you but the authors and their employers do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaim all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. 2 | P a g e Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................4 2. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................6 3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND PERFORMANCE TARGETS ..............................................7 4. 17TH INTERNATIONAL GIESCO SYMPOSIUM, ASTI-ALBA, ITALY ............................8 5. STUDY TOUR NORTHERN ITALY .................................................................................. 13 5.1 Vineyard, winery and distillery visit to Il Rovero, Asti ....................................................................... 13 5.2 Franciacorta wine region ................................................................................................................... 14 5.3 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol wine region ......................................................................................... 18 6.4 Valpolicella wine region .................................................................................................................... 21 6.5 Prosecco wine region ........................................................................................................................ 24 6. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 25 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................... 25 APPENDIX 1 .................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. APPENDIX 2 .................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3 | P a g e 1. Executive summary Dr Cassandra Collins presented a paper entitled “Grapevine reproductive performance in a hotter climate” at the 17th International GiESCO Symposium, Asti Italy. Attendance at the symposium provided an ideal opportunity for the author to make and renew contacts that will facilitate future collaboration in viticultural research and education. The key information gained from the symposium includes: For viticulture to be sustainable an integrated approach should be taken and include the environment, fauna, flora, social aspects and the economy. Crop load is important in the regulation of flavour development during ripening. When crop loads are managed appropriately there is potential to obtain optimum flavours at lower sugar levels. The use of anti-transpirants in Australia could be a useful management technique for reducing alcohol levels in wine made from warm-hot regions. The Mutiplex fluorimetric sensor technology is rapid and non-invasive and has potential to provide support for harvest date and selective harvesting decisions. It was found that C/N ratio, microbial biomass carbon/total carbon and basal respiration/total organic carbon can be used to assess vineyard soil quality as they were able to discriminate between different soil management practices. The use of Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy to measure carbohydrate and nitrogen levels could aid grape growers who are interested in the prediction of yield and canopy growth potential from season to season and the knowledge of overwintering reserves. More research is needed to better understand the role that adaptation (eco- physiological) mechanisms play in the links between climate and quality. RGB image analysis is a simple, rapid and practical method and has potential applications in yield, plant health and management practice assessment. It was also a good opportunity to learn more about Italian viticulture, especially the Piedmont region which is renowned worldwide. A study tour through northern Italian wine regions after the symposium also provided further opportunities to visit other important Italian wine regions and meet with academics, researchers, winemakers and viticulturalists from these regions. The knowledge gained through this travel will be invaluable for future research and will be incorporated into teaching programs. The key information gained from the study tour includes: A big challenge in some Italian vineyards is the high incidence of Flavescenza dorata a phytoplasma that spreads quickly and is carried by a sucking insect called Scaphoideus Titanus, once a vine is affected it will soon die. 4 | P a g e Fratelli Muratori inoculate their vineyards with mycorrhizae every 2 years and by inoculating soils with mycorrhizae they were able to keep all pesticides to a minimum and in many cases not use them at all. They call this ‘Ecosymbiotic viticulture’. A minimal input approach was used by all the vineyards and wineries we visited and organic practices were used wherever possible. In many wineries gravity was used to save on energy costs. Trellis systems and canopy management are essential to quality fruit production in Northern Italy. For example Pergola trellis systems are still widely used to provide vine balance and good bunch exposure to prevent disease. Compost and manures are being trialed in some vineyards to improve vine balance and nutrition in the vines. Strong links between research institutes, universities and industry are a priority for the Italian regions we visited. The northern Italian landscape, people, food and wine are truly fabulous! Lastly, a big thank you to the GWRDC and the University of Adelaide for providing the opportunity to travel to this part of the wine world and broaden my knowledge in viticulture. 5 | P a g e 2. Background The Giesco conference is a meeting of key international viticultural scientists combined with expert viticulturalists from around the world and is the leading conference on practical viticultural science. GiESCO started more than 20 years ago as a group of European researchers interested in viticulture and specifically in trellising and canopy management. Now the symposium serves as a forum for the discussion of all aspects of grapevine research and international attendance has been progressively increasing. The post-congress tour has a professional purpose; to establish networks with the Italian research community and deepen my knowledge on Italian viticulture. The tour program is optimized in order to experience the maximum in a minimum time. Several famous Italian wine regions were touched during the tour. Each regional stop allowed for a better development of knowledge of the local grape varieties and of the traditional vineyard management practices, and also focused on a specific technical topic. Along with key researchers, expert viticulturists and winemakers were met at each of the visits in order to allow exchanges and discussion on their wine industry. The Italian wine industry is extremely successful and most of the regions we visited produce high quality wines. Knowledge on their approach will also be valuable to the Australian wine industry. 6 | P a g e 3. Project Objectives and Performance Targets OBJECTIVES: To attend and present a paper at the 17th International GiESCO Symposium, Asti Italy entitled “Grapevine reproductive performance in a hotter climate”. To create links and develop collaboration with overseas scientists working on the physiology of grapevines using biotechnology and other research tools. To identify novel approaches in the area of grapevine physiology to improve production efficiency in the Australian Viticultural Industry, and to use this information in the development of practical research projects. To gain knowledge on the Italian wine industry and integrate this information into teaching and research programs. PROJECT OUTPUTS AND PERFORMANCE TARGETS: Output Performance Targets Date 1. Improved understanding of Attend Giesco symposium and study tour, October 2011 current research in grapevine details of which will be written in the final physiology. travel report 2. Disseminate information Prepare and publish a joint article on the October 2011 acquired during the conference key findings from the symposium and and study tour to Australian study tour in the Australian