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An Indian Englishman
AN INDIAN ENGLISHMAN AN INDIAN ENGLISHMAN MEMOIRS OF JACK GIBSON IN INDIA 1937–1969 Edited by Brij Sharma Copyright © 2008 Jack Gibson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted by any means—whether auditory, graphic, mechanical, or electronic—without written permission of both publisher and author, except in the case of brief excerpts used in critical articles and reviews. Unauthorized reproduction of any part of this work is illegal and is punishable by law. ISBN: 978-1-4357-3461-6 Book available at http://www.lulu.com/content/2872821 CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction 1 To The Doon School 5 Bandarpunch-Gangotri-Badrinath 17 Gulmarg to the Kumbh Mela 39 Kulu and Lahul 49 Kathiawar and the South 65 War in Europe 81 Swat-Chitral-Gilgit 93 Wartime in India 101 Joining the R.I.N.V.R. 113 Afloat and Ashore 121 Kitchener College 133 Back to the Doon School 143 Nineteen-Fortyseven 153 Trekking 163 From School to Services Academy 175 Early Days at Clement Town 187 My Last Year at the J.S.W. 205 Back Again to the Doon School 223 Attempt on ‘Black Peak’ 239 vi An Indian Englishman To Mayo College 251 A Headmaster’s Year 265 Growth of Mayo College 273 The Baspa Valley 289 A Half-Century 299 A Crowded Programme 309 Chini 325 East and West 339 The Year of the Dragon 357 I Buy a Farm-House 367 Uncertainties 377 My Last Year at Mayo College 385 Appendix 409 PREFACE ohn Travers Mends (Jack) Gibson was born on March 3, 1908 and J died on October 23, 1994. -
Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, -
Isabelle Dolezalek Arabic Script on Christian Kings Das Mittelalter Perspektiven Mediävistischer Forschung
Isabelle Dolezalek Arabic Script on Christian Kings Das Mittelalter Perspektiven mediävistischer Forschung Beihefte Herausgegeben von Ingrid Baumgärtner, Stephan Conermann und Thomas Honegger Band 5 Isabelle Dolezalek Arabic Script on Christian Kings Textile Inscriptions on Royal Garments from Norman Sicily Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ISBN 978-3-11-053202-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-053387-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-053212-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Typesetting: Satzstudio Borngräber, Dessau-Roßlau Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Contents Preface — IX Introduction — XI Chapter I Shaping Perceptions: Reading and Interpreting the Norman Arabic Textile Inscriptions — 1 1 Arabic-Inscribed Textiles from Norman and Hohenstaufen Sicily — 2 2 Inscribed Textiles and Arabic Inscriptions in European Medieval Arts — 43 3 Historical Receptions of the Ceremonial Garments from Norman Sicily — 51 4 Approaches to Arabic Inscriptions in European Medieval Arts: Methodological Considerations — 64 Chapter II An Imported Ornament? Comparing the Functions -
The Transformation of Calligraphy from Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques
The Transformation of Calligraphy from Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques A dissertation submitted to Birmingham City University in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art and Design By: Ahmad Saleh A. Almontasheri Director of the study: Professor Mohsen Aboutorabi 2017 1 Dedication My great mother, your constant wishes and prayers were accepted. Sadly, you will not hear of this success. Happily, you are always in the scene; in the depth of my heart. May Allah have mercy on your soul. Your faithful son: Ahmad 2 Acknowledgments I especially would like to express my appreciation of my supervisors, the director of this study, Professor Mohsen Aboutorabi, and the second supervisor Dr. Mohsen Keiany. As mentors, you have been invaluable to me. I would like to extend my gratitude to you all for encouraging me to conduct this research and give your valuable time, recommendations and support. The advice you have given me, both in my research and personal life, has been priceless. I am also thankful to the external and internal examiners for their acceptance and for their feedback, which made my defence a truly enjoyable moment, and also for their comments and suggestions. Prayers and wishes would go to the soul of my great mother, Fatimah Almontasheri, and my brother, Abdul Rahman, who were the first supporters from the outset of my study. May Allah have mercy on them. I would like to extend my thanks to my teachers Saad Saleh Almontasheri and Sulaiman Yahya Alhifdhi who supported me financially and emotionally during the research. -
14 Early Islamic
Chapter XIV Fatimid Art, Precursor or Culmination* There were several occasions over the past decade for scholars with different specialities to interpret rather than describe the historical and cultural phenomenon of the Fatimids. At the time of the great colloquium celebrating Cairo’s first millennium, the late Gustav von Grünebaum, Professor Bernard Lewis, and I in a more limited sense, sought to identify the reasons for Fatimid successes, failures, or simply cultural or historical peculiarities.1 The late Marshall Hodgson’s controversial synthesis of Islamic history also provides novel interpretations of the Fatimids within what he called the Middle Islamic Period.2 And for several decades now Professor Goitein’s studies on the Geniza fragments have led him to a particularly wide range of conclusions and ideas about the Fatimid period.3 One of the reasons for this unusual interpretative concern is that few periods in Islamic history are as well and accessibly documented as the Fatimid; preserved chronicles are for the most part published, even if not to everyone’s satisfaction; the monuments of Cairo and of Egypt are known; works of art and artisanal creations can be found in books and articles, even if at times in arcane reviews; and a considerable amount of ancillary documents – coins, official letters, sales contracts, dowries, legal texts – is available, if not always incorporated into general history books. But a more important reason may be that there is something unusual, puzzling about the Fatimids, as though they were an anomaly in the development of Islamic culture. At a time of localized, ethnocentric dynastic movements from Spain to Transoxiana, it was a pan-Islamic, Arab-centered but universal caliphate. -
Towards a More United & Prosperous Union of Comoros
TOWARDS A MORE UNITED & PROSPEROUS Public Disclosure Authorized UNION OF COMOROS Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS i CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment CSOs Civil Society Organizations DeMPA Debt Management Performance Assessment DPO Development Policy Operation ECP Economic Citizenship Program EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income HCI Human Capital Index HDI Human Development Index ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund INRAPE National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Fisheries, and the Environment LICs Low-income Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIDA Migration for Development in Africa MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises NGOs Non-profit Organizations PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PPP Public/Private Partnerships R&D Research and Development SADC Southern African Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SOEs State-Owned Enterprises SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TFP Total Factor Productivity WDI World Development Indicators WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank members of the Comoros Country Team from all Global Practices of the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, as well as the many stakeholders in Comoros (government authorities, think tanks, academia, and civil society organizations, other development partners), who have contributed to the preparation of this document in a strong collaborative process (see Annex 1). We are grateful for their inputs, knowledge and advice. This report has been prepared by a team led by Carolin Geginat (Program Leader EFI, AFSC2) and Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez (Country Economist, GMTA4). -
Denis Micheal Rohan Ushering in the Apocalypse Contents
Denis Micheal Rohan Ushering in the Apocalypse Contents 1 Denis Michael Rohan 1 1.1 Motives .................................................. 1 1.2 Response ................................................. 2 1.2.1 Israeli Chief Rabbinate response ................................. 2 1.2.2 Arab/Muslim reactions ...................................... 2 1.3 See also .................................................. 3 1.4 References ................................................. 3 1.5 External links ............................................... 3 2 Mosque 4 2.1 Etymology ................................................. 5 2.2 History .................................................. 5 2.2.1 Diffusion and evolution ...................................... 6 2.2.2 Conversion of places of worship ................................. 9 2.3 Religious functions ............................................ 10 2.3.1 Prayers .............................................. 11 2.3.2 Ramadan events .......................................... 11 2.3.3 Charity .............................................. 12 2.4 Contemporary political roles ....................................... 12 2.4.1 Advocacy ............................................. 13 2.4.2 Social conflict ........................................... 14 2.4.3 Saudi influence .......................................... 14 2.5 Architecture ................................................ 15 2.5.1 Styles ............................................... 15 2.5.2 Minarets ............................................. -
427 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXVIII N° 3-4, Mei-Augustus 2011 428 Approach Focused on How Cultures of Vision Impact Their Respect
427 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXVIII N° 3-4, mei-augustus 2011 428 approach focused on how cultures of vision impact their respective arts and vice versa. One of Belting’s premises is that perspective is a so-called symbolic form, a position first argued by Erwin Panofsky in an essay published in 1927. The concept of symbolic form hails from the neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer, who believed that man makes sense of the world he perceives by means of symbolic forms. The human being, incapable of knowing reality other than through its subjective mind, has various categories of symbols that mediate between his per- ception and his understanding, and these categories vary according to time and place. Panofsky proposed to see per- spective as a symbolic form that defined Western modernity. Belting agrees and explains further the importance of per- spective for Western modernity. He explains how a painting with linear perspective draws the onlooker into the repre- sented scene. Only through a frontal confrontation with the vanishing point of the painting does the artwork make proper sense. The perspective needs the presence of the onlooker and conforms to the onlooker’s subjectivity and vice versa. In Belting’s words: “Perspective has been a cultural tech- nique and not merely a matter of the arts. For it symbolized the right to a perception (Wahrnehmung) that anyone could engage in with one’s own vision.” (p. 25). Having established the crucial importance of linear per- spective in the first chapter, the second chapter informs on the classical Arab understanding of vision, and the issue of Islamic aniconism. -
Transcontinental Trade and Economic Growth
M. SHATZMILLER: TRANSCONTINENTAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Transcontinental Trade and Economic Growth in the Early Islamic Empire: The Red Sea Corridor in the 8th-10th Centuries Maya Shatzmiller The question of why and how sustained economic growth the long term, it surely qualifies as a ‘trend’ or a ‘cycle’ occurs in historical societies is most frequently studied in in historical economic growth.7 Several long-term fac- relation to the European model, otherwise known as the tors brought about a series of changes in the key econom- ‘Rise of the West’, the only model to have been studied ic components of the empire: an increase in monetary in detail so far.1 The debate continues over why western supply and circulation; the development and elaboration Europe forged ahead and remained so consistently, while of state fiscal institutions with an efficient system of tax other societies, including eastern Europe, were unable to collection; the creation of legal institutions to uphold stage their own ‘rise’ through intensive growth, maintain property rights; demographic growth resulting from both it consistently once it occurred, or indeed successfully internal population growth and the importing of slaves; emulate the European model. On the other hand, there is a increased output in the manufacturing sector as a result mounting feeling of dissatisfaction with the notion of ex- of increased division of labour; and finally, an increased clusiveness and uniqueness which accompanies the debate volume of trade, efficient markets, commercial techniques about ‘The Rise of the West/Europe’.2 Those who study and development of credit tools. It is the trade component non-Western societies suggest that alternative interpreta- that will concern us here, since it presents us with an ele- tions and comparative studies of economic growth do exist ment that is variable in a comparative context – the ele- and should be looked at, rather than simply accepting the ment being the role of intercontinental trade in economic European model at its face value. -
Islamic Art Pp001-025 21/5/07 08:53 Page 2
Spirit &Life Spirit & Life The creation of a museum dedicated to the presentation of Muslim ‘I have been involved in the field of development for nearly four decades. arts and culture – in all their historic, cultural and geographical Masterpieces of Islamic Art This engagement has been grounded in my responsibilities as Imam of diversity – is a key project of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, one the Shia Ismaili Community, and Islam’s message of the fundamental of whose aims is to contribute to education in the fields of arts and from the Aga Khan Museum Collection unity of “din and dunya”, of spirit and life.’ culture. The developing political crises of the last few years have collections museum khan theaga from art ofislamic masterpieces revealed – often dramatically – the considerable lack of knowledge of His Highness the Aga Khan the Muslim world in many Western societies. This ignorance spans at the Annual Meeting of the EBRD all aspects of Islam: its pluralism, the diversity of interpretations Tashkent, 5 May 2003 within the Qur’anic faith, the chronological and geographical extent of its history and culture, as well as the ethnic, linguistic and social Spirit and Life is the title of an exhibition of over 160 masterpieces diversity of its peoples. of Islamic art from the Aga Khan Museum which will open in Toronto, Canada in 2009. This catalogue illustrates all the miniature For this reason, the idea of creating a museum of Muslim arts and paintings, manuscripts, jewellery, ceramics, wood panels and culture in Toronto as an eminently educational institution, with beams, stone carvings, metal objects and other art works in the the aim of informing the North American public of the diversity and exhibition, which spans over a thousand years of history and gives significance of Muslim civilisations naturally arose. -
Pearls of Wisdom Cover Images Pearls of Wisdom Details of Tiraz Textile, Yemen Or Egypt, 10Th–12Th Centuries, Cotton with Resist-Dyed Warp (Ikat), Ink, and Gold Paint
Pearls of Wisdom Cover Images Pearls of Wisdom Details of tiraz textile, Yemen or Egypt, 10th–12th centuries, cotton with resist-dyed warp (ikat), ink, and gold paint. Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, 22621 (cat. no. 3). Published by The Arts of Islam Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan 434 South State Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1390 http://www.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/research/publications Distributed by ISD 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 Bristol, CT 06010 USA phone: 860.584.6546 email: [email protected] christiane gruber and ashley dimmig Exhibition Website http://lw.lsa.umich.edu/kelsey/pearls/index.html © Kelsey Museum of Archaeology 2014 Kelsey Museum Publication 10 ISBN 978-0-9906623-0-3 Ann Arbor, Michigan 2014 Pearls of Wisdom The Arts of Islam at the University of Michigan christiane gruber and ashley dimmig Kelsey Museum Publication 10 Ann Arbor, Michigan 2014 Contents Catalogue Essay 1 Catalogue of Objects Introduction 27 Everyday Beauty Functional Beauty 32 Personal Adornment 40 Play and Protection Games and Toys 50 Amulets and Talismans 54 Surf and Turf 61 Media Metaphors Media Metaphors 70 Tiraz and Epigraphy 82 Coins and Measures 86 Illumination Lamps and Lighting 96 Illumination and Enlightenment 101 Bibliography 109 Acknowledgments 117 Accession Number/Catalogue Number Concordance 118 Subject Index 119 About the Authors 121 Handwriting is the necklace of wisdom. It serves to sort the pearls of wisdom, to bring its dispersed pieces into good order, to put its stray bits together.1 —Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi (d. after 1009–1010) n his treatise on penmanship, the medieval calligrapher Abu Hayyan Fig. -
Friedrich Sarre and the Discovery of Seljuk Anatolia
Friedrich Sarre and the discovery of Seljuk Anatolia Patricia Blessing The German art historian Friedrich Sarre (1865-1945) is well known for his role in the excavations of the Abbasid palaces of Samarra (Iraq) from 1911-13, which he directed together with Ernst Herzfeld (1879-1948), and as the director of the Islamic collection in the Berlin Museums from 1921 until 1931. Less well studied is Sarre’s work on Seljuk art and architecture, which presents some of the earliest studies of the subject during a period in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when Islamic art history was a nascent academic field. Sarre’s work on medieval Anatolia has been analysed neither in the context of early studies on Seljuk architecture, nor in the general account of the emergence of Islamic art history as a field of scholarship. In a recent article, Oya Pancaroğlu has focused on Sarre’s first book on Anatolia, Reise in Kleinasien (Journey in Anatolia). 1 This travel account is based on Sarre’s exploration of the area in 1895, which lead to his wider interest in Islamic architecture. Sarre’s later work, however, much of which also includes work on the Seljuk monuments of Konya and on Seljuk art more broadly, has not yet been investigated in the context of the early art historical literature on Seljuk Anatolia. Sarre’s work remains rooted in the earlier vein of scholarship on Islamic art, particularly valuing Persianate objects and buildings. Thus, this article argues that, unlike many scholars who worked on the arts of Anatolia in the 1920s and 1930, after the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, Sarre didn’t focus on the region as the cradle of a nation, nor did he study Seljuk art as an expression of Turkish culture.