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The Transformation of Calligraphy from Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques
The Transformation of Calligraphy from Spirituality to Materialism in Contemporary Saudi Arabian Mosques A dissertation submitted to Birmingham City University in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art and Design By: Ahmad Saleh A. Almontasheri Director of the study: Professor Mohsen Aboutorabi 2017 1 Dedication My great mother, your constant wishes and prayers were accepted. Sadly, you will not hear of this success. Happily, you are always in the scene; in the depth of my heart. May Allah have mercy on your soul. Your faithful son: Ahmad 2 Acknowledgments I especially would like to express my appreciation of my supervisors, the director of this study, Professor Mohsen Aboutorabi, and the second supervisor Dr. Mohsen Keiany. As mentors, you have been invaluable to me. I would like to extend my gratitude to you all for encouraging me to conduct this research and give your valuable time, recommendations and support. The advice you have given me, both in my research and personal life, has been priceless. I am also thankful to the external and internal examiners for their acceptance and for their feedback, which made my defence a truly enjoyable moment, and also for their comments and suggestions. Prayers and wishes would go to the soul of my great mother, Fatimah Almontasheri, and my brother, Abdul Rahman, who were the first supporters from the outset of my study. May Allah have mercy on them. I would like to extend my thanks to my teachers Saad Saleh Almontasheri and Sulaiman Yahya Alhifdhi who supported me financially and emotionally during the research. -
Denis Micheal Rohan Ushering in the Apocalypse Contents
Denis Micheal Rohan Ushering in the Apocalypse Contents 1 Denis Michael Rohan 1 1.1 Motives .................................................. 1 1.2 Response ................................................. 2 1.2.1 Israeli Chief Rabbinate response ................................. 2 1.2.2 Arab/Muslim reactions ...................................... 2 1.3 See also .................................................. 3 1.4 References ................................................. 3 1.5 External links ............................................... 3 2 Mosque 4 2.1 Etymology ................................................. 5 2.2 History .................................................. 5 2.2.1 Diffusion and evolution ...................................... 6 2.2.2 Conversion of places of worship ................................. 9 2.3 Religious functions ............................................ 10 2.3.1 Prayers .............................................. 11 2.3.2 Ramadan events .......................................... 11 2.3.3 Charity .............................................. 12 2.4 Contemporary political roles ....................................... 12 2.4.1 Advocacy ............................................. 13 2.4.2 Social conflict ........................................... 14 2.4.3 Saudi influence .......................................... 14 2.5 Architecture ................................................ 15 2.5.1 Styles ............................................... 15 2.5.2 Minarets ............................................. -
427 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXVIII N° 3-4, Mei-Augustus 2011 428 Approach Focused on How Cultures of Vision Impact Their Respect
427 BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS LXVIII N° 3-4, mei-augustus 2011 428 approach focused on how cultures of vision impact their respective arts and vice versa. One of Belting’s premises is that perspective is a so-called symbolic form, a position first argued by Erwin Panofsky in an essay published in 1927. The concept of symbolic form hails from the neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer, who believed that man makes sense of the world he perceives by means of symbolic forms. The human being, incapable of knowing reality other than through its subjective mind, has various categories of symbols that mediate between his per- ception and his understanding, and these categories vary according to time and place. Panofsky proposed to see per- spective as a symbolic form that defined Western modernity. Belting agrees and explains further the importance of per- spective for Western modernity. He explains how a painting with linear perspective draws the onlooker into the repre- sented scene. Only through a frontal confrontation with the vanishing point of the painting does the artwork make proper sense. The perspective needs the presence of the onlooker and conforms to the onlooker’s subjectivity and vice versa. In Belting’s words: “Perspective has been a cultural tech- nique and not merely a matter of the arts. For it symbolized the right to a perception (Wahrnehmung) that anyone could engage in with one’s own vision.” (p. 25). Having established the crucial importance of linear per- spective in the first chapter, the second chapter informs on the classical Arab understanding of vision, and the issue of Islamic aniconism. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE JONATHAN M. BLOOM Norma Jean Calderwood University Professor of Islamic and Asian Art Boston College Hamad Bin Khalifa Endowed Chair in Islamic Art Virginia Commonwealth University CONTACT INFORMATION Fine Arts Department Department of Art History, Buford House Devlin Hall Virginia Commonwealth University Boston College 922 West Franklin Street Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 PO Box 843046 Tel (617) 552-8595 Richmond, VA 23284-3046 Fax (617) 552-0134 Tel (804) 628-7041 Email:[email protected] Fax (804) 828-7468 Email [email protected] PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Teaching January 2006-present Hamad Bin Khalifa Endowed Chair in Islamic Art, Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, VA) July 2000-present Norma Jean Calderwood University Professor of Islamic and Asian Art, Boston College (Chestnut Hill, MA), January-March 2005 Frederick Lindley Morgan Visiting Professor of Architectural History, Hite Art Institute, University of Louisville (Louisville, KY) July 2000-June 2001 Visiting Professor of Art History, Smith College (Northampton, MA) Winter 1995-6 Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg (Germany), Visiting Professor of Islamic Art and Architecture Spring 1995 Trinity College (Hartford, CT), Department of Fine Arts, Visiting Associate Professor. Spring 1989 Yale University, Department of the History of Art, Visiting Lecturer 1987-88 Research Associate, Department of Fine Arts, Harvard University 1981-87 Assistant Professor, Department of Fine Arts, Harvard University Spring 1985 Visiting Professor, Centre d’étude du proche-orient -
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & The Exuberance of Mamluk Design Tarek A. El-Akkad Dipòsit Legal: B. 17657-2013 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del s eu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. -
Resources for the Study of Islamic Architecture Historical Section
RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION Prepared by: Sabri Jarrar András Riedlmayer Jeffrey B. Spurr © 1994 AGA KHAN PROGRAM FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION BIBLIOGRAPHIC COMPONENT Historical Section, Bibliographic Component Reference Books BASIC REFERENCE TOOLS FOR THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE This list covers bibliographies, periodical indexes and other basic research tools; also included is a selection of monographs and surveys of architecture, with an emphasis on recent and well-illustrated works published after 1980. For an annotated guide to the most important such works published prior to that date, see Terry Allen, Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass., 1979 (available in photocopy from the Aga Khan Program at Harvard). For more comprehensive listings, see Creswell's Bibliography and its supplements, as well as the following subject bibliographies. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND PERIODICAL INDEXES Creswell, K. A. C. A Bibliography of the Architecture, Arts, and Crafts of Islam to 1st Jan. 1960 Cairo, 1961; reprt. 1978. /the largest and most comprehensive compilation of books and articles on all aspects of Islamic art and architecture (except numismatics- for titles on Islamic coins and medals see: L.A. Mayer, Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics and the periodical Numismatic Literature). Intelligently organized; incl. detailed annotations, e.g. listing buildings and objects illustrated in each of the works cited. Supplements: [1st]: 1961-1972 (Cairo, 1973); [2nd]: 1972-1980, with omissions from previous years (Cairo, 1984)./ Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography, ed. Terry Allen. Cambridge, Mass., 1979. /a selective and intelligently organized general overview of the literature to that date, with detailed and often critical annotations./ Index Islamicus 1665-1905, ed. -
Proceedings of the 2Nd International Ismaili Studies Conference “Mapping a Pluralist Space in Ismaili Studies”
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL ISMAILI STUDIES CONFERENCE “MAPPING A PLURALIST SPACE IN ISMAILI STUDIES” March 9 – 10, 2017 Carleton Centre for the Study of Islam Carleton University Ottawa, Canada Edited by Karim H. Karim September 9, 2017 ISC2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Critical Inquiry, Courage, and the Pursuit of Truth: Notes on the Second International Ismaili Studies Conference by Karim H. Karim 2 Message from Saiyedna Haatim Zakiyuddin Saheb 10 Statement by Wissam Tai Boudargham, Sami Makarem Foundation 11 Conference Program Overview 14 Detailed Conference Program 16 Excerpts from Professor Homi Bhabha’s Keynote Address 21 Music Workshop 25 Exhibits 27 The Ugandan Asian Archive Exhibit 27 Ismaili Manuscripts 27 Conference Papers 28 Historical Presences 29 . The Fatimids: Texts and Contexts 29 . The Ismaili State in Iran 33 . Ikhwan al-Safa 40 . Nasir-i Khusraw 45 . 19th & 20th Century Ismaili History in Africa 58 Rethinking Heritage 64 . Sacred and Secular Spaces 64 . Digitizing Resources 72 . Reimagining Ismaili Ta’wil 83 . Ginans 91 . Art and Music 100 . Religious Education 106 Communities, Borders, Identities 114 . Khoja and Other Shia Studies 114 . Ugandan Asian Expulsion 117 . Ismailis and Others 121 . Migration, Borders, Politics 135 . Identity, Practice and Participation in Canada 136 . Ismailis of Badakhshan 146 . The Aga Khan: Ideas and Institutions 149 Announcement: The Karim and Rosemin Karim Prize 152 Sources of Voluntary and Financial Support for the Conference 153 Conference Staff 155 Links to Other Conference Materials 156 1 ISC2017 CRITICAL INQUIRY, COURAGE, AND THE PURSUIT OF TRUTH: NOTES ON THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL ISMAILI STUDIES CONFERENCE Karim H. Karim Director, Carleton Centre for the Study of Islam Organizer, The 2nd International Ismaili Studies Conference His Highness the Aga Khan embedded, in all our conversations, the importance of questioning our assumptions and pushing them towards a greater, more generous, more shared, and more diverse view of what he often called the good society. -
Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Andrew Petersen London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1999 © 1996 Andrew Petersen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-415-06084-2 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-21332-0 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-20387-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20390-9 (Glassbook Format) Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Entries 1 Appendix The Mediterranean World showing principal historic cities and sites 320 The Middle East and Central Asia showing principal historic cities and sites 321 Dedication This book is dedicated to my friend Jamie Cameron (1962–95) historian of James V of Scotland. Preface In one of the quarters of the city is the Muhammadan town, where the Muslims have their cathedral, mosque, hospice and bazar. They have also a qadi and a shaykh, for in every one of the cities of China there must always be a shaykh al- Islam, to whom all matters concerning Muslims are referred. -
Mamluk Studies Review Vol. III (1999)
MAMLU±K STUDIES REVIEW III 1999 MIDDLE EAST DOCUMENTATION CENTER (MEDOC) THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAMLU±K STUDIES REVIEW Published by the MIDDLE EAST DOCUMENTATION CENTER (MEDOC) THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Mamlu≠k Studies Review is an annual refereed journal devoted to the study of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (648-922/1250-1517). The goals of Mamlu≠k Studies Review are to take stock of scholarship devoted to the Mamluk era, nurture communication within the field, and promote further research by encouraging the critical discussion of all aspects of this important medieval Islamic polity. The journal will include both articles and reviews of recent books. Submissions of original work on any aspect of the field are welcome, although the editorial board will periodically issue volumes devoted to specific topics and themes. Mamlu≠k Studies Review also solicits edited texts and translations of shorter Arabic source materials (waqf deeds, letters, fata≠wá and the like), and encourages discussions of Mamluk era artifacts (pottery, coins, etc.) that place these resources in wider contexts. Transliterated Middle Eastern languages should conform to the system utilized by the Library of Congress. All questions regarding style should be resolved through reference to The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition. All submissions should be typed double-spaced. Submissions must be made on labeled computer disk together with a printed copy. Note: Readers of Mamlu≠k Studies Review who have access to the World Wide Web are referred to the MEDOC home page http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/LibInfo/SourcesBySubject/MiddleEast/ medoc.html. This site provides a link to the searchable Mamluk bibliography maintained by MEDOC and has information about subscribing to the Mamluk listserv. -
Mosques Ofegypt
The Mosques of Egypt Bernard O’Kane The Mosques of Egypt Contents Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Mosque of ‘Amr (Cairo, 641–twenty-first century) 2 Mosque of Ibn Tulun (Cairo, 876–79) 4 Mosque of al-Azhar (Cairo, 970–72 and later) 10 Mosque of al-Hakim (Cairo, 990–1013) 16 of al-Juyushi (Cairo, 1085) 22 Mashhad Three minarets: ‘Amri Mosque (Esna, 1081); al-Bahri (Shallal, eleventh century); al-Mujahadin MosqueMashhad (Asyut, 1708) 24 This edition published in 2016 by The American University in Cairo Press Mosque of Hasan ibn Salih (Bahnasa, twelfth century and later) 26 113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt 420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 Mosque of al-Aqmar (Cairo, 1125) 28 www.aucpress.com Copyright © 2016 by Bernard O’Kane Mosque of al-‘Amri (Qus, 1155–56 and later) 32 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be Mosque of al-Salih Tala’i‘ (Cairo, 1160) 38 reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the Funerary Mosque of Sayyidna al-Husayn (Cairo, 1154–1873) 42 prior written permission of the publisher. Mosque of al-Lamati (Minya, 1182) 46 Exclusive distribution outside Egypt and North America by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd., Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi‘i (Cairo, 1211) 50 6 Salem Road, London, W4 2BU Dar el Kutub No. 7232/15 Shrine of Abu’l-Hajaj (Luxor, 1850) 54 ISBN 978 977 416 732 4 Mosque of Sultan al-Zahir Baybars (Cairo, 1267–69) 56 Dar el Kutub Cataloging-in-Publication Data Funerary Complex of Sultan Qalawun (Cairo, 1283–84) 60 O’Kane, Bernard The Mosques of Egypt / Bernard O’Kane.— Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2016. -
The “Fatimid” Doors of the Fakahani Mosque in Cairo 231
the “fatimid” doors of the fakahani mosque in cairo 231 JONATHAN M. BLOOM THE “FATIMID” DOORS OF THE FAKAHANI MOSQUE IN CAIRO In 1969, soon after he had arrived at Harvard’s Fine our broad order of Islamic history. It belongs to the Arts Department, Oleg Grabar presented a paper at the Muslim west as well as to the area of the central lands international colloquium celebrating the millennium and it flourished during a period covered by both of our of Cairo in which he proposed a new and provocative broad categories. We ended by putting most of its art in explanation for the prominence of fi gural iconography the Medieval Islamic section and in the central lands for in Fatimid art.1 Following the publication of the article reasons that will be explained in due course, but some three years later, in the fall of 1975 he conducted a early Fatimid objects are discussed under western Islamic lands in the earlier period. This is, no doubt, a shaky graduate seminar on the art of the Fatimids and two accommodation to a reluctant history.6 years after that published a reassessment of Fatimid art.2 Several of the students in that seminar, myself I myself, after many years exploring other aspects included, went on to work further on the subject of of Islamic art, have recently returned to the art and Fatimid art and architecture, and fi ve years later, after architecture of the Fatimids in a book that attempts extensive travel around the Mediterranean, I presented to fi nish what I had begun several decades earlier.7 a dissertation on early Fatimid art in North Africa and One of my conclusions is that the medium of fi ne Egypt.3 Its scope (I covered only the years before 400 woodwork, which scholars have often overlooked, is AH) was limited principally by Professor Grabar’s insis- remarkably important throughout the Fatimid period, tence that I fi nish writing quickly and get my degree. -
Evolution of Islamic Geometric Patterns
Frontiers of Architectural Research (2013) 2, 243–251 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/foar RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolution of Islamic geometric patterns Yahya Abdullahin, Mohamed Rashid Bin Embi1 Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia Received 18 December 2012; received in revised form 27 March 2013; accepted 28 March 2013 KEYWORDS Abstract Islamic geometrical This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) to patterns; architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a Islamic art; detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim Islamic architecture; architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the History of Islamic earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic architecture; movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional History of architecture impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century. & 2013. Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. 1. Introduction three questions that guide this work are as follows. (1) When were IGPs introduced to Islamic architecture? (2) When was For centuries, Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) have been each type of IGP introduced to Muslim architects and artisans? used as decorative elements on walls, ceilings, doors, (3) Where were the patterns developed and by whom? A domes, and minarets. However, the absence of guidelines sketch that demonstrates the evolution of IGPs throughout and codes on the application of these ornaments often leads the history of Islamic architecture is also presented.