Redefining Radio Art in the Light of New Media Technology Through
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Title Radio After Radio: Redefining radio art in the light of new media technology through expanded practice Type Thesis URL http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8748/ Date 2015 Citation Hall, Margaret A. (2015) Radio After Radio: Redefining radio art in the light of new media technology through expanded practice. PhD thesis, University of the Arts London. Creators Hall, Margaret A. Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/policies.html or alternatively contact [email protected]. License: Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Unless otherwise stated, copyright owned by the author 1 Margaret Ann Hall Radio After Radio: Redefining radio art in the light of new media technology through expanded practice Thesis for PhD degree awarded by the University of the Arts London June 2015 2 Abstract I have been working in the field of radio art, and through creative practice have been considering how the convergence of new media technologies has redefined radio art, addressing the ways in which this has extended the boundaries of the art form. This practice- based research explores the rich history of radio as an artistic medium and the relationship between the artist and technology, emphasising the role of the artist as a mediator between broadcast institutions and a listening public. It considers how radio art might be defined in relation to sound art, music and media art, mapping its shifting parameters in the digital era and prompting a consideration of how radio appears to be moving from a dispersed „live‟ event to one consumed „on demand‟ by a segmented audience across multiple platforms. Exploring the implications of this transition through my radio practice focuses upon the productive tensions which characterise the artist‟s engagement with radio technology, specifically between the autonomous potentialities offered by the reappropriation of obsolete technology and the proliferation of new infrastructures and networks promised by the exponential development of new media. Switch Off takes as its overarching theme the possible futures for FM radio, incorporating elements from eight „trace‟ stations, produced as a series of radio actions investigating these tensions. Interviews have been conducted with case study subjects Vicki Bennett, Anna Friz, LIGNA, Hildegard Westerkamp and Gregory Whitehead, whose work was chosen as being exemplary of the five recurrent facets of radio arts practice I have identified: Appropriation, Transmission, Activism, Soundscape and Performance. These categories are derived from the genealogy of experimental radiophonic practice set out in Chapter One. 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank James Backhouse and Angus Carlyle for their time and invaluable support, and Cathy Lane, who let me follow my own path and reminded me how important feminism is. Many thanks to my case studies and all those who supported me or took part in the many projects which make up this research. Special thanks to Theo Sykes and Genetic Moo. I wish to dedicate this text to sound and radio artists across the globe, and to my son Ewart. 4 Contents Abstract: p.2 Acknowledgements: p.3 Practice Portfolio: Exhibitions, Events, Broadcasts, Talks and Interviews conducted as part of Doctoral Research: pp.6–10 List of Illustrations: p.11-12 Pen Drive Contents and Practice Websites: p.13–14 Introduction: Tuning In: pp.15–22 Chapter One: Histories: pp.23–74 1.1 Introduction 1.10 Max Neuhaus Radio Events 1.2 Futurist Birth of Radio Art 1.11 Artist Radio Key Influences, Free Radio 1.3 Early Russian Radio 1.12 Telecommunication Arts 1.4 The BBC: Dramatic Control 1.13 Tetsuo Kogawa: Micro FM 1.5 The German Experience 1.14 Wojciech Bruszewski – Radio Ruins of 1.6 French Radio Arts Roots: Dadaism to Art Surrealism 1.15 Radio Rethink, Canada 1.7 Literary Repression 1.16 The First International Festival of 1.8 Cage and German Radio Radio Art 1.9 The Rise of the Radiophonic Studios: Women, Radiophonic Workshop and Polish Radio Experimental Studio 5 Chapter Two: Public Radio, UK Community Radio and the Internet pp.75–103 2.1 Introduction 2.5 Transparency and Editorial Concerns 2.2 Community Arts Radio in UK History 2.6 Wider Sector Issues 2.3 Scope for UK Artists 2.7 The Internet 2.4 Funding 2.8 Transmission Arts Chapter Three: Defining Radio Art pp.104–122 Chapter Four: Case Studies pp.123–165 4.1 Hildegard Westerkamp 4.4 Gregory Whitehead 4.2 Anna Friz 4.5 Vicki Bennett 4.3 LIGNA Chapter Five: Practice pp.166–219 5.1 Overview 5.7 Babble Station (2012) 5.2 Numbers (2012) 5.8 Radio Jam (2012) 5.3 Radio Mind (2012) 5.9 Sound Train (2012) 5.4 Radio Recall (2013) 5.10 Radio Arts Activity Overview (2005– 2014) 5.5 Lone Broadcast (2012) 5.11 Practice Conclusion 5.6 Commercial Break (2012) Bibliography: pp.220–244 6 Practice Portfolio: Exhibitions, Events, Broadcasts and Talks Conducted as Part of Doctoral Research Exhibitions 2014 Spiritual Radio, commissioned for Unbinding the Book by Jotta and Blurb for London Art Book Fair, Whitechapel Gallery,25th–28th September. Siren, installation, 1st June. Whitstable Biennale, Whitstable Beach. Radio Recall, installation forming part of Radio Arts Dreamlands Showcase, exhibition that I curated at the Beaney House of Art and Knowledge, Canterbury, 19th–27th April. With new work from Gregory Whitehead, Joaquin Cofreces and Genetic Moo. Radio Recall broadcast on Resonance FM, 23rd July, and Phonic FM, 4th September, as part of series of Dreamlands broadcasts that I curated, featuring Joaquin Cofreces, Dreamland, aired on Radio Reverb 23rd–24th June; Radio Papesse (Italy), 27th June; Sound Art Radio, 29th June; Resonance FM (UK) 23rd July; Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) 27th July. Michael McHugh, Dream of The Dream Scientist, aired on Radio Reverb 23rd–24th June; Radio Papesse (Italy) 27th June; Sound Art Radio (UK), 29th June; WGXC (USA) 90.7FM, 12th July; Resonance FM, 29–30th July: Gregory Whitehead, Crazy Horse One Eight, aired on Radio Papesse (Italy), 27th June; Sound Art Radio (UK), 29th June; WGXC (USA) 90.7FM, 12th July; Resonance FM, 23rd July. Radio Arts Workshops, The Beaney House of Art and Knowledge, Canterbury, 25th January and 31st May. Horsebridge Arts, Kent. Radio Mind, Marrakech Biennale, Here. Now. Where?, 25th February–6th March. 2013 Numbers installation for Canterbury Exchange Exhibition, 22nd October–Dec 15th December. University Galleries, Illinois State University, USA. 7 Radio Recall installation, 31st October. LV21, Gillingham Pier, Kent, part of a residency. Radio Art workshops: Duchamp Festival, Beach House, Herne Bay, 3rd August. August 30th, The Old Lookout Gallery, Broadstairs, and 12th October, Turner Contemporary, Margate. Radio Recall, installation, 29th August–3rd September. The Old Lookout Gallery, Broadstairs, Kent. Commercial Break, 5th June broadcast for Muse Ruole: Women in experimental music, Radio Edition in Museion Passage, Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Bozen, Italy. Commercial Break, 7th–30th June, listening station at the Women‟s Museum in Meran, Italy. Numbers radio installation, 9th–27th April, The Collected, Sidney Cooper Gallery, Canterbury, Kent. Numbers broadcast at the Addicted2 Random Festival on Radio Corax, July. Commercial Break, 15th March. Lightworks International Arts Festival, UK. 2012 Radio Mind, 13th October, broadcast from Transmission Arts Colloquium on WGXC 90.7-FM and free103point9fm USA.1 Babble Station, interaction/installation 9th and 16th September. Whitstable Biennale, Horsebridge Arts Centre, Whitstable, Kent. 1 See Transmission Arts Colloquium, 2012. 8 Radio Mind and Commercial Break, Boat Radio DAB, broadcast 13th–21st July, across Kent, Sussex, Hampshire and Essex. Commercial Break, Lone Broadcast, Numbers radio installation, 12th–19th July. The Old Lookout Gallery, Broadstairs, Kent. Radio Jam, live broadcast networked interaction, 7th, July. V Summer Radio, 22 Gallery London. Radio Mind, installation, 19th–28th, May. Deep Wireless Festival, Toronto, Canada. Lone Broadcast part of group show,1st–10th April. Untitled BCN, Barcelona, Spain. Radio Mind, 16th March. The Lightworks, Annual International Arts Festival. Grimsby, UK. Winner of Sound Commission. Numbers, installation 1st–17th March, London College of Communications (LCC), University of the Arts, London, PhD group show, London. Work in Practice, with a film of the artist by Ben Rowley at the Radio Mind (2011) installation. View at http://vimeo.com/32043583 Sound Train, live soundscape broadcast train journey via Canterbury to London 14th February. 2011: Radio Mind micro radio installation, 2nd–7th September. The Old Lookout Gallery, Broadstairs, Kent. Radio Mind, Exhibit #1, group show, 19th October–1st December. Burton Gallery, Canterbury Christ Church University, Broadstairs. Radio Mind broadcast on Radio Futura 102.1 MHz, – Porto, part of Future Places, Digital Media and Local Cultures, 19th–22nd October. Porto, Portugal. http://futureplaces.org/. 2009: Reinventing the Dial: Explorations In Experimental Radio Practice: Curated one-day radio symposium, 27th October at Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK. Guest speakers: Dr Andy Birtwistle, Dr Angus Carlyle, Andy Cartwright, Peter Cusack, Dr Lance Dann, Dr Kersten Glandien, Kaffe Matthews and Tom McCarthy. 9 2007: Feedback Fiesta, 6th July, Sonic Arts Expo Bright, on live Radio Art interaction on FM Radio Reverb, Brighton. 2006: Radio Art workshops, Albany Centre, Deptford, London, 27th March–28th