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Reportatge FRANCIS CUGAT, L’ALTRE CUGAT

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Reportatge FRANCIS CUGAT, L’ALTRE CUGAT reportatge El 24 de maig farà 120 anys que va néixer, accidentalment a Barcelona, Francesc Cugat i Mingall, un home excepcional que va destacar, sobretot en la seva etapa nord-americana, en diverses disciplines. Francis Cugat, el nom amb el qual es conegut, va viure sempre, en la seva etapa adulta, a l’ombra de Xavier Cugat, fet que va suposar que, malgrat el seu gran talent, hagi passat injustament a la història no pel que va fer sinó pel fet de ser el germà gran de Xavier, un personatge d’enormes proporcions, poc valorat aquí, però molt reconegut en vida als EUA, on, per donar una dada, va participar a la Casa Blanca en la cerimònia d’obertura de mandat de set presidents del país. Francis Cugat, l’altre Cugat JOAN BARBARÀ > TEXT I FOTOS rancis Cugat va ser el Inquietuds artístiques primer fill del matrimo- Malgrat la incertesa dels temps que ni que formaven Joan corrien i que no hi havia tradició ar- Cugat de Bru i Àvila Min- tística a la família, Francis Cugat va gall. Després d’ell varen orientar de ben jove la seva vida cap a Fvenir l’Albert, en Xavier i l’Enric. L’ac- la vessant cultural. Sense perdre mai tivitat política del pare —un republicà el contacte amb els seus, quan va po- compromès— les dificultats econòmi- der, va marxar a França i es va apuntar, ques de l’època i les seves ambicions d’antuvi, a l’acadèmia de Reims, i pos- artístiques varen fer que els Cugat en teriorment va ser alumne de l’Escola general, i ell en particular, visquessin de Belles Arts de París. Primer a França en una constant mobilitat. Així, en i després a l’Amèrica del Sud i a Cuba els primers vint-i-cinc anys de la seva va adquirir una certa notorietat i es vida, Francis va viure a Barcelona, Gi- va començar a guanyar la vida fent de rona, la Bisbal, Reims, París, l’Hava- pintor artístic especialitzat en retrats. na, Nova York, Chicago... fet que li va Quan els Cugat vivien a Cuba ell proporcionar una experiència vital, un ja va veure que el seu futur professi- coneixement i un bagatge cultural que ona era lluny de l’illa caribenya, i es li van ser molt útils al llarg dels seus 88 va establir als Estats Units, primer a anys de vida. Nova York, després a Chicago. Més 20 > revista de girona 278 >> Foto familiar a Nova York dels quatre germans Cugat amb l’esposa d’en Francis, Ruth Wadler i un perosnatge desconegut. Primer a Chicago i a Nova York cago, que en aquells anys organitza Quan, a mitjan anys deu, després de grans temporades de bel canto en el passar per Nova York, Francis Cugat Teatre Auditori. Cleofonte Campanini, decideix establir-se a Illinois, a la riba el director artístic i home de confian- del llac Michigan, entra en contacte ça de Harold F. McCormick, el general amb l’Associació de l’Òpera de Chi- manager de l’associació, encarrega a Francis Cugat que elabori il·lustracions de les principals figures de l’òpera que participen en els espectacles. Aquestes Quan els Cugat vivien imatges creades per Cugat, que tenen, en moltes ocasions, una gran força ex- a Cuba ell ja va veure pressiva i a voltes fins i tot dramàtica, que el seu futur s’utilitzaran en els cartells publicitaris professional era lluny i en els programes de mà que es lliuren endavant va tornar a la ciutat dels gra- al públic assistent a les vetllades. tacels, i al cap d’uns anys se’n va anar de l’illa caribenya, i es Entre el 1915 i el 1918, Francis a la costa Oest, per acabar retornant va establir als Estats Cugat elabora estilitzades pintures i de nou a la costa atlàntica, a Westport cartells visualment espectaculars de (Connecticut), on va morir el 13 de ju- Units, primer a Nova diversos personatges de l’òpera, ge- liol de 1981. York i després a Chicago neralment europeus, que s’havien revista de girona 278 > 21 reportatge FRANCIS CUGAT, L’ALTRE CUGAT >> Alguns dels cartells que Francis Cugat va fer per a l’Associació de l’Òpera de Chicago. establert a Amèrica, mentre en el vell «El Gran Gatsby» continent es lluitava a la Primera Gran El 1924, quan Francis Cugat treballa- Guerra. D’entre aquests destaquen va d’il·lustrador a Nova York, va rebre el tenor francès Lucien Muratore, la l’encàrrec de l’editor Maxwell Perkins, soprano polonesa d’origen jueu Rosa de la prestigiosa Charles Scribner’s Raisa i el baríton italià Giacomo Rimi- Sons, per tal de realitzar la coberta ni. Una altra imatge reeixida de Fran- per a una novel·la que estava acabant cis Cugat que data d’aquesta època és Francis Scott Fitzgerald, un jove es- el retrat de Nellie Melba, la primera criptor amb molta projecció, que no llibre: «Per l’amor de Déu, soprano australiana que va obtenir feia gaire havia tingut un gran èxit de no destinis a ningú més reconeixement internacional en el vendes amb les seves dues primeres aquesta coberta que tens món de la música clàssica. Nellie Mel- novel·les: This Side of Paradise i The reservada per a mi. Ja for- ba és considerada una de les millors Beautiful and Damned. ma part del llibre. He escrit cantants d’òpera dels darrers anys de Francis Cugat va realitzar la feina, a partir d’ella». l’anomenada era victoriana i de prin- un guaix que va anomenar Celestial La il·lustració realitza- cipis del segle passat. Eyes, en els terminis previstos, i la va da per Francis Cugat té una A començament dels anys vint, lliurar al seu client. Maxwell Perkins la gran força. És una composi- amb la mort de Cleofonte Campani- va ensenyar a l’escriptor quan aquest ció surrealista que està dominada per ni i l’inici de la llei seca, Francis Cu- encara no havia acabat de redactar un fons blau fosc que suggereix la nit. gat deixa Chicago i s’instal·la de nou l’obra. La imatge va agradar tant a Mostra la silueta inquietant d’un rostre a Nova York, on prosseguirà la seva Scott Fitzgerald que va suplicar a l’edi- de dona amb uns ulls hipnòtics, tristos carrera artística. És en aquesta èpo- tor que no la utilitzés per a cap altre i malenconiosos, rematat amb uns llavis ca quan, per a determinades feines, vermells que reclamen poderosament comença a utilitzar el nom artístic de l’atenció. La mirada, líricament cridane- Francis Coradal Cugat. Quan està tre- ra, s’abraona sobre una imatge nocturna ballant en el departament d’art de la de la ciutat, rematada per la poderosa Vitagraph Motion Studio de Brooklyn, La imatge que va lluminositat d’un parc d’atraccions. rep una comanda que li donarà una pintar Francis Cugat Quan F. Scott Fitzgerald va veure la gran notorietat dins la professió i, al va agradar tant a Scott il·lustració que Francis Cugat havia fet cap dels anys, serà el treball pel qual per al seu llibre, es va adonar de segui- serà més conegut. Fitzgerald que aquest da que es trobava davant d’una obra va suplicar a l’editor que no la utilitzés per a cap altre llibre 22 > revista de girona 278 >> Els germans Xavier i Francis Cugat. Un objecte de culte El 10 de juny de 2009, col·leccionistes de tot el món estaven pendents de la El Gran Gatsby es va publicar el subhasta que havia de tenir lloc a la 10 d’abril de 1925, i amb els anys es seu novaiorquesa de la Bonhams, la va convertir en la segona novel·la més casa de subhastes més antiga d’Angla- venuda del segle xx. El guaix que va terra: va ser fundada el 1793. fer Cugat per al llibre de Scott Fitzge- S’oferia un lot molt llaminer, l’ex- rald, i pel qual va cobrar 100 dòlars, traordinària col·lecció completa de actualment forma part del fons de la manuscrits i primeres edicions de Princeton University Library. grans escriptors americans de MB Goldstone, una compilació única que mestra. amb els anys havia aconseguit aple- Potser per això gar el germà del conegut bibliògraf de no va voler ser menys i, quan El guaix que va fer Cugat John Steinbeck (premi Nobel de Lite- finalment va lliurar l’original, va dir al per al llibre de Scott ratura 1968), Adrian H. Goldstone. seu editor: «Maxwell, crec que t’en- Fitzgerald, i pel qual L’estrella de la col·lecció oferta era trego una de les millors novel·les que un exemplar, en perfecte estat de con- s’han escrit mai a Amèrica». va cobrar 100 dòlars, servació, de la primera edició (1925) actualment forma part del fons de la Princeton University Library revista de girona 278 > 23 reportatge FRANCIS CUGAT, L’ALTRE CUGAT tents en apunts i aquarel·les que varen Artists, li va proposar que deixés la seva servir de base a Francis Cugat per fer el feina a Nova York i que es traslladés a d’El Gran Gatsby. El que cridava més guaix definitiu que va il·lustrar la pri- Hollywood per tal d’exercir de dissenya- l’atenció dels col·leccionistes assistents mera edició de The Great Gatsby. dor de platós de rodatge, en un dels seus a la subhasta era que el llibre també te- equips de treball. El setè art estava vivint nia la coberta original d’aquesta edició, Canvis personals un moment clau del seu desenvolupa- realitzada per Francis Cugat, molt difícil Francis Cugat treballava molt a Nova ment amb els inicis del cinema sonor, i de trobar i considerada pels experts pro- York, però era una persona afable que en Francis i la Ruth no s’ho varen pensar bablement la millor il·lustració impresa no descuidava la vida social.
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