Household Survey: Hygiene and Sanitation Behavior As Well As Willingness to Pay in Rural Senegal
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Swiss TPH | Hygiene and Sanitation Survey, Senegal – Final report – Final version_15.12.2015 Swiss Center for International Health Water and Sanitation Program, World Bank Household survey: hygiene and sanitation behavior as well as willingness to pay in rural Senegal Support to the Direction de l'Assainissement Final report Swiss TPH ISED Consultants Lise Beck Mayassine Diongue Sylvain Faye Peter Steinmann Cheikh Fall Tidiane Ndoye Ibrahima Sy Adama Faye Alioune Touré Martin Bratschi Anta Tal Dia Kaspar Wyss Basel, 15 December 2015 Page 1 / 125 Swiss TPH | Hygiene and Sanitation Survey, Senegal – Final report – Final version_15.12.2015 Contacts Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Institut de Santé et Développement (ISED) Socinstrasse 57 Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) P.O. Box BP 16390 4002 Basel Dakar-Fann Switzerland Senegal Kaspar Wyss Anta Tal Dia Head of Systems Support Unit Director ISED Swiss Center for International Health (SCIH) Tel: +221 33 824 98 78 T: +41 61 284 81 40 Fax: +221 33 825 36 48 F: +41 61 284 81 03 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.scih.ch / www.swisstph.ch Website: http://www.ised.sn/ Funding This study was undertaken on behalf of the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), a multi- donor partnership administered by the World Bank Group, which aims to support poor populations in obtaining affordable, safe and sustainable access to water and sanitation services. Disclaimer The views and ideas expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply or reflect the opinion of the Institute, WSP or any other institution involved in the study. The reference version of the present report is the French version. In case of any discrepancies arising between the two versions, the French version of the report prevails. Page 2 / 125 Swiss TPH | Hygiene and Sanitation Survey, Senegal – Final report – Final version_15.12.2015 Acknowledgements This study was conducted in the framework of the collaboration between the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), the Swiss Center for International Health of the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) and the Institut de Santé Publique et de Développement (ISED) in Dakar, Senegal. Numerous people were involved and actively contributed to this piece of work. We are grateful to Jacqueline Devine and her team from the WSP in Washington as well as to M. Oumar Diallo and M. Adama Mbaye from the WSP office in Dakar for their support in the current study as well as for their valuable comments. A thank you to all investigators for their hard work during the data collection in often challenging conditions in remote areas. Thanks to Finou Thérèse Mendy, Waly Diouf, Mame Soukèye Mbaye, Mouhamed Badji for their active participation in the focus groups and the one-on-one interview. Also a big thank you to all investigator and cartographer from the National Service of Hygiene who participated in the household survey. Last but not least, the current study would not have been possible without the contribution of all the heads of household, key informants, and participants of the focus group discussions. We always felt welcome. Page 3 / 125 Swiss TPH | Hygiene and Sanitation Survey, Senegal – Final report – Final version_15.12.2015 Abreviations ANSD Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie CD Census District CI Confidence interval CLTS/ATPC Community-Led Total Sanitation / Assainissement Total Piloté par la Communauté DHS/EDS Demographic and Health Survey / Enquête Démographique et de Santé EAA Eau et Assainissement pour l’Afrique EKNZ Ethikkommission Northwest- und Zentralschweiz GSF Global Sanitation Fund GTS Groupe Technique de Suivi ISED Institut de Santé et Développement JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JMP Joint Monitoring Program MDG/OMD Millennium Development Goal / Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement NGO/ONG Non-Governmental Organization / Organisation Non Gouvernementale OD Open defecation ODF Open defecation free OR Odds ratio PEPAM Programme d'Eau Potable et d'Assainissement du Millénaire RC Rural community RGPH Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat SCIH Swiss Center for International Health SRA Service Régional de l’Assainissement Swiss TPH Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute / Institut Tropical Suisse et de Santé Publique ToR Terms of Reference UCAD Université Cheikh Anta Diop UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund VIP Ventilated Improved Pit WHEPSA Women’s Health Education and Prevention Strategies Alliance WSP Water and Sanitation Program Page 4 / 125 Swiss TPH | Hygiene and Sanitation Survey, Senegal – Final report – Final version_15.12.2015 Table of contents Résumé ............................................................................................................................... 10 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 17 1 ...... Introduction and Objectives ..................................................................................... 23 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 23 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................... 25 2 ...... Literature review ....................................................................................................... 26 2.1 Methods ............................................................................................................. 26 2.2 Availability and use of latrines, management of child feces and hand washing .............................................................................................................. 26 2.3 Opportunities ...................................................................................................... 29 2.4 Factors influencing capacity ............................................................................... 30 2.5 Motivations ......................................................................................................... 33 3 ...... Methods ..................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Study location .................................................................................................... 35 3.2 Definition of improved latrines ............................................................................ 35 3.3 Household survey .............................................................................................. 36 3.3.1 Study population and inclusion criteria .................................................. 36 3.3.2 Sampling frame .................................................................................... 36 3.3.3 Sample size and representativity .......................................................... 37 3.3.4 Household questionnaire ...................................................................... 38 3.4 Focus group discussions and key informant interviews ...................................... 38 3.4.1 Participants ........................................................................................... 38 3.4.2 Sampling .............................................................................................. 39 3.4.3 Topics and organizations targeted by focus group discussions and key informant interviews ....................................................................... 40 3.5 Data collection teams, training and pre-test ........................................................ 41 3.6 Data collection, entry and analysis ..................................................................... 42 3.6.1 Management of data collection in the field ............................................ 42 3.6.2 Data entry and storage ......................................................................... 42 3.6.3 Data analysis ........................................................................................ 42 3.7 Quality assurance and control procedures ......................................................... 43 3.8 Ethical considerations ........................................................................................ 44 3.9 Study limitations and bias ................................................................................... 45 3.9.1 Sampling .............................................................................................. 45 3.9.2 Possible bias ........................................................................................ 45 4 ...... Results ....................................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Participation ....................................................................................................... 46 Page 5 / 125 Swiss TPH | Hygiene and Sanitation Survey, Senegal – Final report – Final version_15.12.2015 4.2 Characteristics of households and respondents ................................................. 46 4.3 Ownership and use of latrines, hand washing, defecation practice and management of child feces ................................................................................ 49 4.3.1 Availability of sanitation infrastructure ................................................... 49 4.3.2 Latrine use............................................................................................ 55 4.3.3 Open defecation