Perek III Daf 29 Amud a

HALAKHA The Gemara answers:That is referring to a beet that was only הַ הוּא בִּבְשׁ ִ יל וְלָ א בְּשׁ ִ יל. An eiruv may not be made : ְּ ב שׁ ִ י ל ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל – partially cooked,H which is dangerous. Partially cooked from beets or other vegetables (Rambam) that were only partially cooked (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Eiruvin 1:11; There are some who say that Rav said: One may ּאִיכָא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: אֵין B Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:5). . :not establish an eiruv with raw beets, as Rav Ĥisda said מְעָרְבִ ין בִּתְרָדִ ין חַ ּיִין, דַּאֲמַ ר רַ ב חִסְדָּ א: כט All ritually : ּ ְ פס וּ ל וִ ּגְ ו ּיָ ה– Raw beet kills a healthy person. The Gemara asks:Don’ t we The disqualification of a priest’s body סִ ילְ אָ ק חַ ּיָ יא ָ קטֵ יל ּג אַבְרָ חַ ּיָ יא. וְהָ א ָ קא see people eating it and they do not die? The Gemara an- impure foods combine to complete the measure of half a half- swers: There, it is referring to a beet that was only partially loaf, in order to disqualify one who eats them by imparting a חָ זֵ ינַן דְּ ָ קא אָ כְלִ י וְלָ א מָ יְיתִ י! הָתָ ם בִּבְשׁ ִ יל lenient form of ritual impurity. This is true even if one does not ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל . cooked, which is dangerous. actually come into contact with the food (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Tumat Okhalin 4:3). Rav Ĥisda said: A cooked dish of beets is beneficial for the אָמַ ר רַ ב חִסְדָּ א: ּתַבְשִׁ יל שֶׁ ל ּתְרָדִ ין יָ ֶ פה Most :מְ זֹון שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות לָעֵ ירוּב – heart, good for the eyes, and all the more so beneficial for Food for two meals for an eiruv לַ ֵ בּל וְ טֹוב לָעֵ ינָיִם, וְכָ ל שׁ ֶ ֵ ּכן לִבְנֵי מֵעַיִים. the intestines. said: That isspecifically when the dish foods count toward the required measure of two meals’ worth אָמַ ר אַבַּיֵי: וְ הוּא דְּ יָתֵ יב אַבֵּ י תְ ֵ פי וְעָבֵ יד sits on the stove and makes a tukh tukh sound, i.e., it is of food necessary in order to establish an eiruv. Even different types of food can be combined, in accordance with the view ּת וּ ךְ ּת וּ ךְ . cooked thoroughly enough to produce a boiling sound. of Rabba (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:4). once said when he was in an especially good mood: The measure of an egg-bulk to contract the impurity of אָמַר רָבָא: הֲרֵינִי ּכְבֶן עַּזַאי בְּשׁוּקֵי All types of food combine to complete : כַ ּ ֵבּ י צָ ה לְ טַ ּ ֵ מא – Behold, I am like the intellectually sharp ben Azzai, who foods טְבֶרְיָא. אֲמַ ר ּלֵיה הַ הוּא מֵרַבָּנַן לְרָבָ א: would regularly expound in the markets of Tiberias. I, too, the measure of an egg-bulk necessary to contract the ritual ַּתּפוּחִ ים בְּכַ ָּ מה? אֲמַ ר ּלֵיה: וְכִי מְעָרְבִין am ready to answer any question posed to me. One of the impurity of foods (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Tumat Okhalin 4:3). Sages said to Rava: How many apples are needed to establish ְ בּ תַ ּפ ּ ו חִ י ם ? שִׁ יעוּ ר ַּת ּפוּחִ ים – an eiruv? Rava said to him: Does one establish an eiruv with The minimum amount of apples for an eiruv A kav of wild apples may be used for an eiruv. Many : לָ עֵ י ר ּו ב apples?N commentaries maintain that this is the measure for all types .(The other Sage responded:And is it not permissible to estab- of apples (Mishna Berura; Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:7 וְ לֹא?! וְהָתְ נַן: ָ לּכ הָ אֹוכָלִ ין מִצְטָרְ ִ פין lish an eiruv with them? Didn’t we learn in a mishna: All לִפְסֹול אֶת הַ ּגְוִוּיָה בַּחֲצִי ּפְרָ ס, וּבִמְזֹון foods combine to disqualify the bodyHN of a priest who eats BACKGROUND שְׁ ֵּית סְעוּדֹות לָעֵירוּב, וְכַבֵּיצָה ּלִטַמֵא The beet mentioned in this context is : ּתְ רָ דִ י ן – [half of a half-loaf of ritually impure food, and to complete the Beets [teradin measure of food required for two meals for the purpose of an generally called silka in the . It is referring to Beta vulgaris תטוּמְאַ אֹוכָלִ ים! eiruv,H and to complete the measure of an egg-bulk required cicla. This plant is an annual garden vegetable from the Cheno- H podiaceae family. Its large, fleshy leaves grow up to 15–30 cm for a food to be able to contract the ritual impurity of foods? long and are edible when cooked. Their taste is similar to that An apple is a kind of food, so it should be included in the items of spinach. Nowadays, the leaves are also used as bird food. that may be used to establish an eiruv.

The Gemara asks:And what is the refutation? If you say it is וְהַאי מַאי ּת ְּיוּבְתָא? אִילֵימָא ּמִשׁוּם because it was taught using the term all foods, and these דְּ קָתָנֵי ָלּ“כ הָ אֹוכָלִין״ וְהָנֵי בְּנֵי אֲכִילָה apples are fit for eating,how can an objection be raised from נִינְהוּ– רוְהָאָמַ ירַבִּ יֹוחָנָן: אֵ ין לְמֵדִ ין מִ ן such a general term? Didn’t Rabbi Yoĥanan already say: One ,may not learn from general statements using the word all הַ ּכְלָ לֹות וַאֲ ִ פ ּילוּ בְּמָ קֹום שׁ ֶ ּנֶאֱ רמַ בּ ֹו חוּץ! even in a place where it says except, since no rule exhausts all cases?

Rather, it is because it taught: And all foods combine to אֶ ָ ּלא מִ ׁ ּשוּם דְּ קָתָ נֵי: “וּבִמְ זֹון שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות complete the measure of food required for two meals for the לָעֵ ירוּב וְכַבֵּ יצָ ה לְטַ ֵּ אמ תטוּמְאַ אֹוכָלִ ין״, purpose of an eiruv, and to complete the measure of an egg- וְהָ נֵי נַמִ י בְּ נֵי טַ ּמוּיֵי תטוּמְאַ אֹוכָלִ ין נִינְהוּ. bulk to contract the ritual impurity of foods; and these ap- ples are also susceptible to the ritual impurity of foods. Therefore, there is clear proof that the mishna is referring to apples as well.

-Having established that an eiruv may be established with ap וְכַ ָּ מה? אָמַ ר רַ ב נַחְמָ ן: ַּת ּפוּחִ ים בְּ ַ קב. ples, the Gemara returns to the question raised above: How many apples are needed to establish an eiruv? Rav Naĥman said: The minimum measure of apples that must be used for an eiruv is a kav.H Beta vulgaris cicla

NOTES -Consequently, the question arises as to whether or not they who eats a certain amount of ritually impure foods is disquali : ְ ו כִ י מְ עָ רְ בִ י ן ְ בּ תַ ּפ ּ ו חִ י ם – Does one establish an eiruv with apples Rava’s response seems quite surprising. Why would apples spe- may be used for an eiruv, which is comprised of food for two fied from eating teruma. Strictly speaking, the term impure cifically be disqualified from use for aneiruv ? Some commentar- meals (Rashba). [tamei ] refers to something impure that can impart impurity to ies explain that the reference here is to wild apples, which are of something else, whereas something that has been defiled but According to Torah : לִ ס פְ ֹו ל אֶ ת הַ ּגְ ו וִ ּיָ ה – To disqualify the body inferior quality and are eaten only when absolutely necessary. law, ritually impure foods do not defile one who touches them, cannot defile others is termed disqualified [ pasul ]. Accordingly, However, there is another answer: Apples are not generally since a person can only contract impurity from a primary source one who eats ritually impure food is disqualified from eating eaten as a meal or even as a side dish, but rather as dessert. of ritual impurity. The Sages, however, decreed that anyone teruma and other consecrated foods.

Perek III . 29a 157 . ׳ג קרפ .טכ ףד BACKGROUND The Gemararaises an objection from a baraita: Rabbi Shimon מֵ יתִ יבִ י, ירַבִּ שׁ ִמְ עֹון ןבֶּ אֶלְעָזָר אֹומֵ ר: The Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 90a) states ben Elazar says: When distributing poor man’s tithe, one must : ע ּו ְ ּכלָ א – Ukla B ּעוּכְלָ א ּתַבְלִ ין, וְלִיטְרָ א יָרָ ק, וַעֲשָׂרָ ה than an ukla is one-twentieth of a kav. Some commentaries determine that the measure of an ukla is an eighth of a liter. give each individual poor person at least an ukla, an eighth of H אֱ גֹוזִין, וַחֲמִ ׁ ָּ שה אֲ פַרְסְ ִ קין, וּשׁ ְ נֵי רִ ּמֹונִים, The two measures are not very different in size. a log, of spices, a liter of vegetables, ten nuts, five peaches, two pomegranates, or one citron, as these are worthy amounts וְאֶתְ רֹוג אֶ חָ ד. וַאֲ מַ ר ּגוּרְ סַ ק בַּ ר דָּרֵ י מִ ׁ ּשְמֵ ּיה דְּרַ ב מְ נַשׁ ְ יָא בַּ ר שׁ ְ גוּבְלֵ י מִ ׁ ּשְמֵ ּיה דְּרַ ב: וְכֵ ן HALAKHA for distribution. And Gursak bar Darei said in the name of Rav לָעֵ ירוּב. וְהָנֵי נַמִ י לֶ יהֱ ווּ ִ ּכי אֲ פַרְסְ ִ קין? A minimum of five Menashya bar Sheguvlei, who said in the name of Rav: And :חֲמִ ׁ ָּ שה אֲ פַרְסְ ִ קין וכו׳ – .Five peaches, etc peaches or two pomegranates must be used in order to es- similarly, this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv. Now, it can tablish an eiruv, in accordance with the baraita, as explained be asked: Theseapples should also be like peaches, as they are by Rav Menashya (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:7). similar in size, and it should be enough to use five apples for an .When eiruv : שִׁ י ע ּ ו ר מַ עֲ ֵ שׂ ר עָ נִ י – The measure of poor man’s tithe distributing poor man’s tithe, one may not give a pauper :The Gemara answers that there is a distinction between them הָנֵי חֲשׁ ִ יבִ י וְהָנֵי לָ א חֲשׁ ִ יבִ י. less than half a kav of wheat, a kav of barley, a kav of spelt (Rambam), a kav of dried figs, half alog of wine or a quarter These peaches are important, and therefore five of them are a log of oil. All other foods must be given in quantities equiva- significant amount, but these apples are not important, and lent in value to two meals (Rambam Sefer Zera’im, Hilkhot therefore one must use the larger measure of a kav. Mattenot Aniyyim 6:8). N Rav Yosef said: May his Master, God, forgive Rav Menashya אֲמַר רַב יֹוסֵף: שְׁרֵא ּלֵיה ּמָרֵיה לְרַב – And similarly, this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv bar Sheguvlei, for he erred and caused others to err. I stated מְ נַשׁ ְ יָא בַּ ר שׁ ְ גוּבְלֵ י, אֲ נָא אֲמַרִ ָּ יתא נִיהֲ לֵ ּיה The minimum measure of regular wine needed :וְכֵן לָעֵירוּב for an eiruv is two-quarters of a log, while the measure of before him a ruling in the name of Rav concerning a mishna, אַ ּ ַ מתְ ִ נ י תִ י ן ְ ו ה ּו א אֲ מַ רָ ּה אַ ָבּ רַ ְ י י תָ א . ִ ּ ד תְ ַ נ ן : cooked wine is an amount sufficient to accompany two and he stated it concerning the baraita, which led to the error. -As we learned in a mishna: One may not give a pauper receiv אֵ ין ּפֹוחֲתִ ין לְעָנִי בַּ ּגֹורֶ ן מֵחֲצִי ַ קב חִ ּטִין meals (Maggid Mishne; Magen Avraham; Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ ing poor man’s tithe at the threshing floor less than half a kav וְ ַ בק שְׂ עֹורִ ין. ירַבִּ מֵאִ יר אֹומֵ ר: חֲצִ י ַ קב .(Ĥayyim 386:6 of wheat or less than a kav of barley.H Rabbi Meir says: He must שְׂ עֹורִ ין, וְ ַ קב וַחֲצִ י ּכוּסְמִ ין, וְ ַ קב ְ ּגרֹוגָ רֹות, be given at least half a kav of barley. Similarly, he must be given אֹו מָ נֶה דְּבֵ ילָ ה. רַבִּ י עֲ ִ ק איבָ אֹומֵ ר: ּפְרָ ס. NOTES May his Master forgive him – : Some com- no less than a kav and a half of spelt, a kav of dried figs, or a יוַחֲצִ לֹוג יַיִן, רַבִּ י עֲ ִ ק איבָ אֹומֵ ר: רְבִיעִ ית. שׁ ְ רֵ א לֵ י ּה מָ רֵ י ּה mentators explain that Rav Yosef only reacted strongly to- maneh of pressed figs. Rabbi Akiva says: Not a maneh, but half וּרְבִיעִ ית שׁ ֶמֶ ן, רַבִּ י עֲ ִ ק איבָ אֹומֵ ר: שׁ ְמִ ינִית. ward Rav Menashya because he altered the presentation a maneh. He must be given at least half a log of wine. Rabbi וּשׁ ְאָ ר ָ ּכל הַ ֵּ פירֹות, אָמַ ר אַ בָּ א שׁ ָ אוּל: ּכְדֵ י ,of Rav’s statement, but as far as the halakha is concerned there is no difference whether the statement was made Akiva says: Half that amount, a quarter log. And similarly, he must be given a quarter log of oil. Rabbi Akiva says: Half that שֶׁיִמְ ּכְרֵ ם וְיִ ַ חּק ןבָּהֶ מְ זֹון שְׁ ֵ ּית סְ עוּדֹות. ,with regard to the mishna or the baraita. Others, however ,amount, an eighth of a log. And with regard to all other fruit וְאָמַ ר רַ ב: וְכֵ ן לָעֵ ירוּב. hold that according to Rav Yosef, Rav’s statement is referring only to the mishna and should not be applied to the items Abba Shaul said: He must be given enough to sell them and listed in the baraita. Tosafot and several other commentators buy food that sufficesfor two meals with the proceeds of their infer from the phrase: What is the strength of this over that, sale. And with regard to this mishna, Rav said: And similarly, that even Rav Yosef did not hear the statement directly in H Rav’s name, and therefore he had to prove his claim, and he this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv. could not merely assert that he had heard that version in the The Gemara poses a question with regard to Rav Yosef’s harsh ּו מַ א י א ּו לְ מֵ י ּה דְּ הַ א י מֵ הַ ךְ ? אִ י לֵ י מָ א .(original (see Rashba and Ritva reaction to Rav Menashya bar Sheguvlei’s statement: What is מִ ׁ ּשוּם דְּ ָ קא ָּ תנֵי בְּהַ ךְ ַּ תבְלִ ין, וְתַ בְלִ ין לָ או the strength of this over that? The mishna andbaraita seem to בְּ נֵי אֲ כִ ילָ ה נִינְהוּ – אַ ּטוּ הָכָ א מִ י לָ א קָתָ נֵי share the same content, so why should Rav’s ruling be more applicable to one than the other? If you say it is because the חִ ִּ טין וּשְׂ עֹורִ ין, וְלָ או בְּ נֵי אֲכִ ילָ ה נִינְהוּ. halakha with regard to spices was also taught in this baraita, and spices are not fit for eating on their own but only when added as a flavoring to other foods, and therefore Rav could not have been referring to the baraita when he said that the same law applies to an eiruv; wasn’t the halakha with regard to wheat and barley taught here in the mishna, and they too are not immediately fit for eating until they are processed further.

Rather, it is because it was taught in the mishna that one must אֶ ָ ּלא מִ ׁ ּשוּם דְּ קָתָ נֵי חֲ יצִ לֹוג יַיִ ן. וְאָמַ ר רַ ב: give half a log of wine. And Rav said: One may establish an מְעָרְבִ ין בִּשׁ ְ ֵיּ תרְבִ יעִ ּיֹות שׁ ֶ ל יַיִן. מִדְבָּעֵ ינַן eiruv with two-quarters of a log of wine, which is equal to half ּכ ּוּלֵי הַ אי – שְׁמַ ע מִ ּינ ָּה ּכִי אָמַ ר רַ ב וְכֵן a log. Since we require so much wine, learn from here that when Rav said: And similarly, this is the halakha with לָעֵירוּב – אַהָ א מַתְנִיתִ ין קָאָמַ ר, שְׁמַע regard to an eiruv, he said it about this mishna and the מִ י ָ ּנ ּה . measures mentioned therein. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, conclude from this that this is the proper understanding of Rav’s statement.

-The Gemara further examines the mishna cited earlier.The Mas ראָמַ מָ ר: וּבִמְ זֹון שׁ ְ ֵ ּית סְ עוּדֹות לָעֵ ירוּב. ter said: And all foods combine to complete the measure of רסָבַ ברַ יֹוסֵ ף לְמֵ ימַ ר: עַ ד דְּאִ ָ ּיכא סְ עוּדָ ה food required for two meals for the purpose of an eiruv. Rav מֵהַאי וּסְעוּדָּ ה מֵהַאי. אֲמַר ּלֵיה רַבָּה: Yosef thought to say that an eiruv may not be established unless there is a complete meal of this kind of food and a complete אֲ ִ פי ּל ּ ו לְ מֶ חֱ צָ ה לִ שׁ ְ לִ ישׁ וְ לִ רְ בִ יעַ . meal of that kind of food, meaning that an eiruv may only be established if each meal consists of a single type of food. Rabba said to him: An eiruv may be established with the amount of food required for two meals even if each type of food made up only half, a third, or a quarter of a meal. ׳ג קרפ .טכ ףד . Perek III . 29a 158 HALAKHA The Gemara now examines Rav’s statementitself, which was cited ּגוּפָא, אָמַר רַב: מְעָרְבִין ּבִּשְׁתֵי The minimum measure of :חֹומֶ ץ לָעֵ ירוּב – in the course of the previous discussion. Rav said: One may es- Vinegar for an eiruv -vinegar needed to establish an eiruv is enough to use for dip רְבִיעִּיֹות שֶׁל יַיִן. וּמִי בָּעֵינַן ּכ ּוּלֵי tablish an eiruv with two-quarters of a log of wine. The following ping the food of two meals consisting of vegetables, although הַ אי? וְהָתַ נְיָא, רַ יבִּ שׁ ִמְ עֹון בֶּ ן אֶ לְעָ זָ ר question may be raised: Do we really need so much? Wasn’t it some authorities rule in accordance with the second version אֹומֵ ר: יַיִן – ְדֵי ּכלֶאֱ כֹול בּ ֹו, חֹומֶ ץ – taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: The cited in the Gemara (Riaz; Shiltei HaGibborim; Shulĥan Arukh, The minimum amount of apples for an eiruv – : שִׁ יעוּ ר ַּת ּפוּחִ ים לָ עֵ ירוּב ּכ יְדֵ ללְטַבֵּ בּ ֹו, זֵיתִ ים וּבְצָלִ ים – ּכְדֵ י minimal amount of wine required for an eiruv is enough to eat Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:6). NOTES: A kav of wild apples may be used for an eiruv. Many commentaries ;bread with it, i.e., enough to soak the bread in to enable one to eat maintain that this is the measure for all types of apples (Mishna Berura לֶאֱ כֹול בָּהֶ ן שׁ ְ ֵ ּית סְ עוּדֹות. Rava’s : ְ ו כִ י מְ עָ רְ בִ י ן ְ בּ תַ ּפ ּ ו חִ י ם – May one establish an eiruv with apples BACKGROUND Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:7). it? Additionally, the minimal amount of vinegar that may be used response seems quite surprising. Why would apples specifically be A minimum of five peaches :חֲמִ ׁ ָּ שה אֲ פַרְסְ ִ קין וכו׳ – .Ardiska, or Ardascus, refers to a settlement disqualified from use for an eiruv? Some commentaries explain that Five peaches, etc : עַ רְ דִ י סְ ָ קא – to establish an eiruv is enough to dip the food in it, and the min- Ardiska imal amount of olives and onions is enough to eat them to- in northern Israel that was located not far from the town of the reference here is to wild apples, which are of inferior quality and or two pomegranates must be used in order to establish an eiruv, in gether with the bread. All of these quantities are calculated on the Tiv’in, known as Tiv’on. are eaten only when absolutely necessary. However, there is another accordance with the baraita, as explained by Rav Menashya (Shulĥan basis of two meals. Thisbaraita clearly indicates that an eiruv may answer: Apples are not generally eaten as a meal or even as a side dish, Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:7). but rather as dessert. Consequently, the question arises as to whether be established with much less than two-quarters of a log of wine. The measure of poor man’s tithe – : When distribut- שִׁ י ע ּ ו ר מַ עֲ ֵ שׂ ר עָ נִ י or not they may be used for an eiruv, which is comprised of food for ing poor man’s tithe, one may not give a pauper less than half a kav two meals (Rashba). ,The Gemara answers: There, the baraita is referring to cooked of wheat, a kav of barley, a kav of spelt (Rambam), a kav of dried figs הָ תָ ם ְבּ חַ מְ רָ א מְ בַ שׁ ְ לָ א . According to Torah law, half a log of wine or a quarter log of oil. All other foods must be given : לִ ס פְ ֹו ל אֶ ת הַ ּגְ ו וִ ּיָ ה – wine, which is very strong, and therefore even a small amount To disqualify the body suffices. ritually impure foods do not defile one who touches them, since a in quantities equivalent in value to two meals (Rambam Sefer Zera’im, person can only contract impurity from a primary source of ritual Hilkhot Mattenot Aniyyim 6:8). The Master saidin the baraita that the minimal amount of vinegar impurity. The Sages, however, decreed that anyone who eats a certain : – And similarly, this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv ראָמַ מָ ר: חֹומֶ ץ ּכ יְדֵ ללְטַבֵּ בּ ֹו. אָמַ ר וְכֵן לָעֵירוּב .H amount of ritually impure foods is disqualified from eating teruma -that may be used for an eiruv is enough to dip food in it. Rav The minimum measure of regular wine needed for an eiruv is two רַ ב ִ ּגידֵּ ל, אָמַ ר רַ ב: יְּדֵ כ לְטַבֵּ לבּ ֹו מְ זֹון Strictly speaking, the term impure [tamei] refers to something impure Giddel said that Rav said: Enough to dip in it the food of two quarters of a log, while the measure of cooked wine is an amount that can impart impurity to something else, whereas something that שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות שׁ ֶ ל יָרָ ק. אִ ָ ּיכא דְּאָמְרִ י, meals consisting of vegetables. Some say that Rav Giddel said sufficient to accompany two meals (Maggid Mishne; Magen Avraham; .[has been defiled but cannot defile others is termed disqualified [pasul ּ .(that Rav said: Enough to dip in it the vegetables that are eaten Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:6 אָמַ ר רַ ב גִידֵּ ל אָמַ ר רַ ב: יָרָ ק הַ ּנֶאֱכָ ל Accordingly, one who eats ritually impure food is disqualified from in two ordinary meals, which is less than the amount consumed בִּשׁ ְ ֵּ ית סְ עוּדֹות. The minimum measure of vinegar :חֹומֶ ץ לָעֵ ירוּב – eating teruma and other consecrated foods. Vinegar for an eiruv in two meals consisting entirely of vegetables. needed to establish an eiruv is enough to use for dipping the food of May his Master forgive him – : Some commentators two meals consisting of vegetables, although some authorities rule in שׁ ְ רֵ א לֵ י ּה מָ רֵ י ּה explain that Rav Yosef only reacted strongly toward Rav Menashya The Master also said that the minimum measure of olives and accordance with the second version cited in the Gemara (Riaz; Shiltei אָמַ ר מָ ר: זֵיתִ ים וּבְצָלִ ים, ּכ יְדֵ לֶאֱ כֹול because he altered the presentation of Rav’s statement, but as far as .(onions that may be used for an eiruv is enough to eat them with HaGibborim; Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:6 ןבָּהֶ מְ זֹון שׁ ְ ֵ ּית סְ עוּדֹות. וּבִבְצָלִ ים מִ י the food of two meals. The Gemara asks: May one establish an Location of Ardascus the halakha is concerned, there is no difference whether the statement ,was made with regard to the mishna or the baraita. Others, however מְעָרְבִ ין? וְהָתַ נְיָא, ראָמַ ירַבִּ שׁ ִמְ עֹון eiruv with onions? Wasn’t it taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shi- Beta vulgaris cicla hold that according to Rav Yosef, Rav’s statement is referring only to בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר: ּפַעַם אַחַת שָׁבַת רַבִּי The Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 90a) states than an : ע ּו ְ ּכלָ א – mon ben Elazar said: Rabbi Meir once spent in the the mishna and should not be applied to the items listed in the baraita. BACKGROUND Ukla B The beet mentioned in this context is gener- ukla is one-twentieth of a kav. Some commentaries determine that : ּתְ רָ דִ י ן – [town of Ardiska, and a certain person came before him and Tosafot and several other commentators infer from the phrase: What Beets [teradin מֵאִ יר בְּעַרְדִ יסְ ָ קא, וּבָ א אָדָ ם אֶחָ ד said to him: Rabbi, I made an eiruv of Shabbat borders [eiruv is the strength of this over that, that even Rav Yosef did not hear the ally called silka in the Talmud. It is referring to Beta vulgaris cicla. This the measure of an ukla is an eighth of a liter. The two measures are לְ ָ פנָיו. ראָמַ לֹו: רַ בִּ י, עֵ ירַבְ ִּ תי בִּבְ צָלִ ים .teĥumin] with onions, so that I might walk to the town of Tiv’in. statement directly in Rav’s name, and therefore he had to prove his plant is an annual garden vegetable from the Chenopodiaceae family. not very different in size לְטִ יבְעִ ין. וְ ִ הֹושׁ יבֹו רַבִּ י מֵאִ יר בְּאַרְבַּ ע Its large, fleshy leaves grow up to 15–30 cm long and are edible when Ardiska was located between the man’s eiruv and his destination claim, and he could not merely assert that he had heard that version Ardiska – : Ardiska, or Ardascus, refers to a settlement that was עַ רְ דִ י סְ ָ קא cooked. Their taste is similar to that of spinach. Nowadays, the leaves ַ א ּמ ֹו ת שׁ ֶ ּל ֹו . in the original (see Rashba and Ritva). located not far from the town of Tiv’in, known as Tiv’on. of Tiv’in, which was beyond his Shabbat limit as measured from are also used as bird food. his hometown. And Rabbi Meir made him remain within his four cubits. He forbade him to leave his four cubits, as he held HALAKHA that an eiruv made with onions is not an eiruv, and therefore the An eiruv may not be made from : ְּ ב שׁ ִ י ל ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל – Partially cooked person had left his Shabbat limit without aneiruv teĥumin. beets or other vegetables (Rambam) that were only partially cooked The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. This ruling, which (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Eiruvin 1:11; Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ .(Ĥayyim 386:5 לָא קַשְׁיָא; הָא – בְּעָלִים, states that onions may not be used for an eiruv, is referring to הָ א – בְּאִ ָ ּימהֹות. דְּתַנְיָא: אָכַ ל בָּצָ ל All ritually impure : ּ ְ פס וּ ל וִ ּגְ ו ּיָ ה– onion leaves, which are harmful; whereas that ruling, which states The disqualification of a priest’s body וְהִשׁ ְ ִּ כים תוָמֵ – אֵ ין אֹומְרִ ין מִ ַּ מה ֵּ מת. that onions may be used for an eiruv, is referring to onion bulbs, foods combine to complete the measure of half a half-loaf, in order to disqualify one who eats them by imparting a lenient form of ritual וְאָמַ ר שׁ ְ מוּאֵ ל: לֹא שׁ ָ נוּ אֶ ָ ּלא בְּעָלִ ים, which are edible. As it was taught in a baraita: If one ate an onion impurity. This is true even if one does not actually come into contact .(and died early the next morning, we need not ask from what he with the food (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Tumat Okhalin 4:3 אֲבָ ל בְּאִ ָּ ימהֹות – לֵ ית לָ ן בָּ ּה. וּבְעָלִ ין -died, as his death was certainly caused by the onion. And Shmu נַמִ י לָ א אֲמַרַ ן, אֶ ָ ּלא Most foods :מְ זֹון שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות לָעֵ ירוּב – Food for two meals for an eiruv el said: They only taughtthis with regard to the leaves; but with count toward the required measure of two meals’ worth of food nec- regard to onion bulbs, we have no problem with it. And even essary in order to establish an eiruv. Even different types of food can with regard to the leaves, we only stated this concern be combined, in accordance with the view of Rabba (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:4). The measure of an egg-bulk to contract the impurity of foods – All types of food combine to complete the measure of an : כַ ּ ֵבּ י צָ ה לְ טַ ּ ֵ מא egg-bulk necessary to contract the ritual impurity of foods (Rambam Northern Israel Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Tumat Okhalin 4:3). Perek III Daf 29 Amud b

HALAKHA in a case where the bulb has not grown to the size of a span, the דְּלָא אַבְצֵיל זִירְתָ א, אֲבָל אַבְצֵיל One may not establish : עֵ י ר ּו ב ִבּ בְ צָ לִ י ם – distance between the thumb and the little finger of a hand that is An eiruv of onions an eiruv with onion leaves that have not grown to the size of זִירְתָ א – לֵ ית לָ ן בָּ ּה. spread apart, because at that stage the leaves are very toxic; how- approximately 21 cm, the distance between the thumb and ever, if it has grown to the size of a span, we have no problem the end of the little finger (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:5). כט: with it.H said: We only stated this concern about eating onion אֲמַר רַב ַּפּפָא: לָא אֲמַרַן ּאֶלָא -leaves in a case where one did not drink beer afterward; how דְּלָא אִ ישְׁתִ י שִׁ יכְרָ א, אֲבָ ל אִ ישְׁתִ י ever, if he drank beer afterward, we have no problem with it. שׁ ִ יכְרָ א – לֵ ית לָ ן בָּ ּה. Perek III . 29b 159 . ׳ג קרפ :טכ ףד BACKGROUND The Sages taughtin a baraita: A person should not eat onion because ָּ תנוּ רַ בָּ נַן: לֹא יֹאכַ ל אָדָ ם בָּ צָ ל מִ ְּ פנֵי נָחָשׁ The of the toxins in it.BN There was an incident with Rabbi Ĥanina, who : ָ נ ָ ח שׁ ֶ ש ְ ּ ב ָ ב ָ צ ל – The toxins [naĥash] of an onion שׁ ֶבּ ֹו. וּמַעֲשֶׂ ה בְּרַבִּ י חֲנִינָא שׁ ֶאָכַ ל חֲצִ י commentaries dispute the meaning of the word ate half an onion and half of its toxins, and he fell deathly ill, and his בָּ לצָ וַחֲ יצִ נָחָשׁשׁ ֶבּ ֹו, וְחָלָ ה וְ נָטָ ה לָ מוּת, naĥash in this context. Most traditions identify it colleagues prayed for mercy for him,N and he survived. He was res- וּבִ קְשׁ וּ חֲבֵ ירָ יו רַ חֲמִ ים עָלָ יו וְחָ יָה, מִ ְּ פנֵי with the inflorescence of an onion stalk, which is somewhat similar to a snake [naĥash] with its long cued only because the time needed him, as his generation was in need .of his teaching, but otherwise he would not have recovered שׁ ֶהַ ׁ ּש הָעָ צְרִ היכָ לֹו. -head and body. There is no definitive data concern ing the measure of danger posed by eating onions Rabbi said that Shmuel said: One may establish an eiruv with אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא, אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: שֵׁכָר -in general or their undeveloped green leaves in par ticular. Although many people eat onion without any -beer, and it invalidates a ritual bath with a measure of three log, sim מְעָרְבִ ין בּ ֹו, וּפֹוסֵ ל אֶ ת הַ ִּמ ְ קוֶ ה בִּשׁ ְ לֹשׁ ֶ ת ill effects, onions do contain an oil called allyl propyl ilar to drawn water.HN Rav Kahana strongly objects to this: This is ִ ּלוּגין. מַתְ ִ קיף לָ ּה רַ ב ּכָהֲ נָא: ּפְשׁ ִיטָ א, וְכִ י disulfide, C6H12S2, which gives them their flavor and obvious, for what is the difference between this and dye-water? As המַ בֵּין זֶה ילְמֵ צֶבַ ע? דִּתְנַן, רַבִּי יֹוסֵי which can be toxic in large concentrations. Rashi defines this as the onion’snaĥash . It has been proven we learned in a mishna that Rabbi Yosei says: Dye-water invalidates H .a ritual bath with a measure of three log, like regular drawn water אֹומֵר: מֵי צֶבַע ּפֹוסְלִין אֶת ִּהַמקְוֶה that a relatively small portion of onions can lead to They said: There is a difference between the two cases, as there, the בִּשְׁלֹשֶׁת ּלוּגִין! אָמְרִי: הָתָם – מַּיָא severe poisoning. Since the Gemara is discussing liquid is called dye-water; here, it is called beer.N Therefore, it might דְּ צִבְעָ א מִ יקְרִ י, הָכָ א – שׁ ִ יכְרָ א אִ יקְרִ י. two meals consisting entirely of onions, it certainly poses a danger to all people. For particularly sensitive have been possible to argue that beer is not considered like water at all, people, the danger might even be life-threatening. in which case it would only invalidate a ritual bath if it changed the color of the water, and so Shmuel’s novel teaching was necessary.

?The Gemara asks:And how much beer is needed to establish an eiruv וּבְכַ ָּ מה מְעָרְבִין? סָבַ ר רַ ב אַחָ א בְּרֵ ּיה :Rav Aĥa, son of Rav Yosef, thought to say before Rav Yosef as follows דְּרַב יֹוסֵף ַ קּמ ּ ֵיהדְּרַב יֹוסֵף לְמֵימַר: Two-quarters of a log of beer. Rav Aĥa’s reasoning is now spelled out ִבּ תְ רֵ י ן רִ בְ עֵ י שׁ ִ כְ רָ א . ְ ּכדִ תְ ַ נ ן : הַ ּמ ֹו צִ י א in detail. As we learned in a mishna: If one carries out wine on Shab- bat from a private domain to a public domain, he is liable if he carries יַיִן ּכְדֵ י מְזִיגַת הַ ּכֹוס, וְתָנֵי ּעֲלָה: ּכְדֵ י out enough wine for diluting a cup, i.e., enough undiluted wine to fill מְזִיגַת ּכֹוס יָפֶה. מַ אי ּכֹוס יָפֶה? ּכֹוס a cup after it has been diluted with water.H And a baraita was taught שֶׁ ל בְּרָכָ ה! וְאָמַ ר רַ ב נַחְמָ ן, אָמַ ר רַבָּ ה -about this mishna: Enough wine for diluting a fine cup. They in בַּ ר אֲ ּבוּה: ּכֹוס ֶ לשׁ הבְּרָכָ צָרִ יךְ ֶ שׁ ּיְהֵ א .quired: What is meant by a fine cup?They answered:A cup of blessing בּ ֹו רֹובַ ע רְבִ יעִ ית, ּכ יְדֵ ֶ שׁ ּיִמְ זְגֶ ּנ וּוְיַעֲ מֹוד And Rav Naĥman said that Rabba bar Avuh said: A cup of blessing עַ ל רְבִ יעִ ית. וְכִדְרָבָ א, דְּאָמַ ר רָבָ א: ָ ּכל must contain a quarter of a quarter-log of wine, so that after one di- lutes the wine with water, it amounts to a full quarter-log. And this חַמְרָ א דְּ לָ א דָּרֵ י עַ ל חַ ד ְּ ת תלָ מַ ּיָא – לָ או measure is in accordance with the statement of Rava with regard to חַמְרָ א הוּא. the strength of wine, as Rava said: Any wine that is not strong enough to require that it be diluted with three parts water to one part wine is not proper wine.

And we learned in the latter clauseof the aforementioned mishna: And וְקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא: וּשְׁאָר ּכָל ּהַמַשְׁקִין one is liable for carrying out all other liquids, and similarly all waste בִּרְבִיעִ ית, וְכָ ל הַ ׁ ּשֹופָכִ ין בִּרְבִיעִ ית. Onion stalk with inflorescence water, in the measure of a quarter-log. Now, Rav Aĥa argues as follows: מִדְּהָתָ ם עַ ל חַ ד אַרְבַּ ע – הָכָ א נַמִ י עַ ל Since there, with respect to liability for carrying on Shabbat, the ratio is one to four, as one is liable for carrying out a quarter of a quarter-log חַ ד אַ רְ ַבּ ע . HALAKHA The disqualification of a ritual bath through beer – of wine, and one is only liable for carrying out other liquids if one carries -Three log of beer invalidate a rit : ִּ פיסוּל מִ קְוֶה בְּשׁ ֵ יכַ ר ual bath, in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel out a quarter-log; here, too, with respect to making an eiruv, the ratio (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Mikvaot 7:4). of one to four should be maintained. Therefore, since Rav said that two-quarters of a log of wine are required for an eiruv, the minimum Three log of : מֵ י צֶ בַ ע – Dye-water in a ritual bath dye-water invalidate a ritual bath because of their amount of beer one may use should be two full log. volume, not because they change of appearance of -The Gemara rejects this argument: And this is not so. There, with re וְ לֹא הִ יא, הָתָ ם הוּא דְּבָצִ יר מֵהָכִ י לָ א ,the water in the ritual bath (Rambam Sefer Tahara gard to carrying on Shabbat, we require four times as much beer as wine חֲשׁ ִ יב, אֲבָ ל הָכָ א – לָ א, דַּ עֲבִ ידֵ י אֱ ינָשׁ ֵ י .(Hilkhot Mikvaot 7:8 because less than that amount, i.e., less than a quarter-log of beer, is דְּשָׁתוּ ּכָסָא בְּצַפְרָא וְכָסָא בְּפַנְיָא, – The measure of wine with regard to carrying out insignificant. However, here,with regard to establishing an eiruv, this וְ סָ מְ כֵ י עִ י ָ ּלוַ יְ ה וּ . The minimal measure of wine that :שׁ ִ יעוּ ריַ יִ ן לְ הֹוצָ אָ ה determines liability when carried from one domain is not relevant, as it is common for people to drink a cup of beer in to another on Shabbat is a quarter of a quarter-log the morning and a cup of beer in the evening, and they rely on them (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Shabbat 18:2). as their meals, as beer is satisfying even in such quantities. Therefore, we should require only two-quarters of a log of beer for an eiruv.H שׁ ִ יעוּר – The amount of beer necessary for an eiruv -One may establish an eiruv with two :שׁ ֵ יכַ ר לְעֵ ירוּב quarters of a log of beer, in accordance with the NOTES opinion of Rav Aĥa (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot The word lacks the requisite minimal measure of water, forty se’a, and three : ִ מ ּ י פ ְנֵ ָ ח ָ שׁ שׁ ֶ ב ּ ֹו – Because of the toxins [naĥash] in it Eiruvin 1:11). naĥash literally means snake. Some commentaries explain that log of drawn water fall into it and complete the measure of forty the naĥash is referring here to a type of harmful worm found in se’a, the mikva is invalidated. However, if liquids fall into a ritual bath onion leaves (Ritva). which already has the necessary amount of water, as long as they do not change its color, the ritual bath remains valid. :וּבִ קְשׁ וּ רַ חֲ מִ ים עָ לָ יו – And his colleagues prayed for mercy for him Beer is generally prepared by pouring water over : שׁ ֵ י ַ כ ר – Why is it necessary to specifically mention that Rabbi Ĥanina’s Beer generation needed him? Apparently, he acted improperly by eat- a fermenting agent such as dates, grapes and their sediment, or ing something dangerous to his health, which the Sages warned fermented barley. The question raised in this context is whether against eating. It was therefore necessary to state that because of or not beer ceases to be regarded as water when it becomes an his importance they prayed for mercy for him nonetheless (Ritva). alcoholic beverage, even though it is primarily water. See the Rashba and the Ritva for a discussion of some of the finer details .If a ritual bath of this halakha : ּ ְ פס ּ ו ל מִ ְ קוֶ ה – The disqualification of a ritual bath ׳ג קרפ :טכ ףד . Perek III . 29b 160 HALAKHA The Gemara asks: How many dates are needed to establish an ְּ תמָרִ ים בְּכַ ָּ מה? ראָמַ ברַ יֹוסֵ ף: ְּ תמָרִ ים בְּ ַ קב. The amount of dates necessary for an eiruv – onion leaves that have not grown to the size of approximately 21 cm, in general or their undeveloped green leaves in particular. Although שׁ ִ יעוּר eiruv?H Rav Yosef said: The minimal amount ofdates one may use One may establish an eiruv with a kav of : ראָמַ ברַ יֹוסֵ ף: מְנָא אָמִ ינָא לָ ּה – דְּתַנְיָא: the distance between the thumb and the end of the little finger many people eat onion without any ill effects, onions do contain an ּ ְ תמָ רִ י ם לְ עֵ י ר ּו ב is a kav. Rav Yosef said: From where do I say this halakha? As it dates, in accordance with the opinion of Rav Yosef, as NOTES (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:5). oil called allyl propyl disulfide, C6H12S2, which gives them their flavor אָכַ ל ְ ּגרֹוגָ רֹות וְשׁ ִ ֵ ּילם ּתְמָרִ ים – ָ ּתבֹוא עָלָ יו was taught in a baraita: If one inadvertently ate dried figsof teruma, Abaye only refuted Rav Yosef’s proof, but not the posi- The word naĥash and which can be toxic in large concentrations. Rashi defines this as : ִ מ ּ י פ ְנֵ ָ ח ָ שׁ שׁ ֶ ב ּ ֹו – Because of the toxins [naĥash] in it ְבּ רָ כָ ה . and paid dates in compensation, may a blessing come upon him. tion itself (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Eiruvin 1:11). The disqualification of a ritual bath through beer – : the onion’s naĥash. It has been proven that a relatively small portion ִּ פיסוּל מִ ְ קוֶ ה בְּשׁ ֵ יכַ ר literally means snake. Some commentaries explain that the naĥash is Three log of beer invalidate a ritual bath, in accordance with the opinion The measure of two meals – : referring here to a type of harmful worm found in onion leaves (Ritva). of onions can lead to severe poisoning. Since the Gemara is discussing .(of Shmuel (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Mikvaot 7:4 שׁ ִ יעוּר שׁ ְ ֵּ ית סְ עוּדֹות -The Gemara proceeds to clarify this ruling: What are the circum When relish is used for an eiruv, the quantity required two meals consisting entirely of onions, it certainly poses a danger to הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? אִילֵימָא לְפִי דָּמִים, דַּאֲכַל Why :וּבִ קְשׁ וּ רַ חֲ מִ ים עָ לָ יו – stances of this case? If you say that one paid according to the And his colleagues prayed for mercy for him Three log of dye-water invalidate all people. For particularly sensitive people, the danger might even : מֵ י צֶ בַ ע – is enough for use as a condiment at two meals. The is it necessary to specifically mention that Rabbi Ĥanina’s generation Dye-water in a ritual bath מִ ּינ ֵּיה בְּ זוּזָא וְ ָ קא מְשׁ ַ ֵ ּלם לֵ ּיה בְּ זוּזָא – מַ אי value of the figs he ate, e.g., he ate a zuz worth of figs and he paid .requisite quantity for any other food is enough to needed him? Apparently, he acted improperly by eating something a ritual bath because of their volume, not because they change of be life-threatening ָּ “תבֹא עָלָ יו בְּרָ כָ ה״? בְּ זוּזָא אֲכַ ל, בְּ זוּזָא ָ קא a zuz worth of dates, what is the reason it says: May a blessing eat as two full meals by itself (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ appearance of the water in the ritual bath (Rambam Sefer Tahara, dangerous to his health, which the Sages warned against eating. It מְשַׁ ּלֵם! אֶ ּלָא לָאו לְפִי מִדָּ ה, דַּאֲכַל מִ ּינ ֵּיה come upon him? He ate a zuz and paid a zuz. Rather, is it not that Ĥayyim 386:6). was therefore necessary to state that because of his importance they Hilkhot Mikvaot 7:8). .(prayed for mercy for him nonetheless (Ritva ְרִ ּג יוָאדִּגְרֹוגָרֹות דְּשַׁוְיָא זוּזָא, וְ ָ קא מְשַׁ ּלֵם :שׁ ִ יעוּ ריַ יִ ן לְ הֹוצָ אָ ה – The measure of wine with regard to carrying out שׁ ִ יעוּר – he paid in accordance with the measure of the figs eaten, e.g., that The amount of meat necessary for an eiruv he ate a se’a of dried figs worth onezuz , and he paid a se’a of dates : The amount of raw meat required for an לֵ י ּה ְ ּגרִ י ָ ו א ִ ּ ד תְ מָ רִ י ם ְ ּ ד שׁ ָ ֵ ו י אַ רְ ָבּ עָ ה . ְו ָ קתָ ֵ נ י : If a ritual bath lacks The minimal measure of wine that determines liability when carried : ּ ְ פס ּ ו ל מִ ְ קוֶ ה– The disqualification of a ritual bath ָבּ ָשׂ ר לְ עֵ י ר ּו ב worth four zuz. And it says: May a blessing come upon him. Ap- eiruv is enough for two full meals comprised solely of the requisite minimal measure of water, forty se’a, and three log of from one domain to another on Shabbat is a quarter of a quarter-log ָּ “תבֹא עָלָ יו בְּרָ כָ ה״, אַ לְמָ א: ְּ תמָרִ ים עֲדִ י ִ פי. parently, dates are superior to dried figs. Accordingly, since we meat, while the required measure of roasted meat is drawn water fall into it and complete the measure of forty se’a, the (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Shabbat 18:2). enough to accompany the bread eaten at two meals. learned above that one may establish an eiruv with a kav of dried mikva is invalidated. However, if liquids fall into a ritual bath which The amount of beer necessary for an eiruv – : One שׁ ִ י ע ּו ר שׁ ֵ י ַ כ ר ְ ל ֵ ע י ר ּו ב This halakha is in accordance with the opinion of figs, akav of dates should certainly suffice for the purpose of aneiruv . already has the necessary amount of water, as long as they do not may establish an eiruv with two-quarters of a log of beer, in accor- Rabba (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:6). change its color, the ritual bath remains valid. dance with the opinion of Rav Aĥa (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Clothing of the poor – : In the house of .(Beer is generally prepared by pouring water over a fer- Eiruvin 1:11 : שׁ ֵ י ַ כ ר – Beer ְ גבּ ִ דֵ י נ עֲ ִ ּי י ם Abaye said to Rav Yosef: No proof can be brought from here. It can אֲמַ ר לֵ ּיה אַ בַּ יֵי: לְ עֹולָ ם דַּאֲכַ ל מִ ּינ ֵּיה בְּ זוּזָא, a pauper, a piece of cloth measuring three by three : – be argued that he actually ate a zuz worth of figsand he paid a zuz menting agent such as dates, grapes and their sediment, or fermented The amount of dates necessary for an eiruv וְקָא ּמְשַׁלֵם בְּזוּזָא. וּמַאי “תָבֹא עָלָיו שׁ ִ יעוּ ר ְּ תמָ רִ ים לְ עֵ ירוּב fingerbreadths is susceptible to the ritual impurity ּ worth of dates. And what is the reason it says: May a blessing come barley. The question raised in this context is whether or not beer ceases One may establish an eiruv with a kav of dates, in accordance with the imparted by the treading of a zav (Rambam Sefer בְּרָכָה״ – דַּאֲכַל ּמִינ ֵּיה מִידֵּ י דְּלָא ָקפֵיץ upon him? For he ate something that buyers are not eager to buy, to be regarded as water when it becomes an alcoholic beverage, even opinion of Rav Yosef, as Abaye only refuted Rav Yosef’s proof, but not Tahara, Hilkhot Kelim 22:20). .(and he paid him something that buyers are eager to buy. Even though it is primarily water. See the Rashba and the Ritva for a discus- the position itself (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Eiruvin 1:11 עֲלֵ ּיה זְבִ ינָא, וְ ָ קא מְשַׁ ֵ ּלם לֵ ּיה מִ ידֵּ י דְּ ָק ֵ פיץ .Clothing of the wealthy – : A piece of sion of some of the finer details of this halakha עֲ לֵ י ּה ְ ז בִ י נָ א . The measure of two meals – : When relish is used ִבּ ְ ג דֵ י עֲ שִ ירִ י ם though they are equal in value, the priest benefits, for it is easier for שׁ ִ יעוּר שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות -cloth measuring three by three handbreadths is al Some commentaries explain for an eiruv, the quantity required is enough for use as a condiment at : שׁ ַ ְ ר ג ּ ו שׁ ֵ י – [him to sell dates than to sell dried figs. Large spoonfuls [shargushei ways susceptible to ritual impurity (Rambam Sefer this term as meaning handfuls. two meals. The requisite quantity for any other food is enough to eat Tahara, Hilkhot Kelim 22:23). .(With regard to shetita, a dish made of roasted flour and honey,Rav Diluted wine – : Rabbeinu Ĥananel explains that this is as two full meals by itself (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:6 שְׁתִיתָא, אָמַר רַב אַחָא בַּר ּפִנְחָס: ּתְרֵי חַ מְ רָ א מַ רְ ָ קא N Aĥa bar Pineĥas said: Two large spoonfuls are needed for an ei- wine that has not been transferred from one container to another but :שׁ ִ יעוּ ר בָּ שָׂ ר לְ עֵ ירוּב – NOTES The amount of meat necessary for an eiruv שַׁרְגוּשֵׁי. ּכִיסָאנֵי, אָמַר אַבַּיֵי: ּתְרֵי בּוּנֵי ruv. With regard to kisanei, a type of roasted grain, Abaye said: Two has remained in its original barrel. The amount of raw meat required for an eiruv is enough for two full -Large spoonfuls [shargushei] – : Some com דְּ פוּמְבְּדִ יתָ א. meals comprised solely of meat, while the required measure of roasted שׁ ַ ְ ר ג ּ ו שׁ ֵ י .Pumbeditan bunei, the name of a particular of measurement The principle is : ּ ֹ כל שׁ ֶ ה ּ ו א לִ י ְ פ ּ ָ תן – mentaries explain this term as meaning handfuls. Anything that serves as a relish that all foodstuffs may be used for aneiruv in the form and quantity in meat is enough to accompany the bread eaten at two meals. This ,Rabbeinu Ĥananel ex- which they are generally consumed. If the food is eaten as the main halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabba (Shulĥan Arukh : חַ מְ רָ א מַ רְ ָ קא – Having mentioned roasted grain, the Gemara tangentially relates Diluted wine אָמַ ר אַבַּ יֵי, אָמְרָ ה לִ י אֵ ם: הָ נֵי ּכִסָ אנֵי מַעֲ לוּ .(that Abaye said: Mother, actually his foster mother, told me: These plains that this is wine that has not been transferred portion of a meal, there must be enough for two meals. If it is a relish Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:6 לְ לִ י ָבּ א , ּו מְ בַ ּ ְ טלִ י מַ חֲ שׁ ַ בְ ּ ָ תא . from one container to another but has remained in roasted grains are good for the heart and drive away worrisome or seasoning, then there must be enough to season two meals. If it is Clothing of the poor – : In the house of a pauper, a piece ְ גבּ ִ דֵ י נ עֲ ִ ּי י ם .its original barrel thoughts. eaten for dessert, there must be enough to eat it for dessert at two of cloth measuring three by three fingerbreadths is susceptible to the meals (Rabbeinu Yehonatan). ,The ritual impurity imparted by the treading of a zav (Rambam Sefer Tahara : ּ ֹ כל שׁ ֶ ה ּ ו א לִ י ְ פ ּ ָ תן – Anything that serves as a relish .(The Rashba and other commentaries explain that Hilkhot Kelim 22:20 : ָבּ ָ שׂ ר חַ י – And Abaye said: Mother told me about another remedy. One who principle is that all foodstuffs may be used for aneiruv Raw meat וְאָמַ ר אַבַּ יֵי, אָמְרָ ה לִ י אֵ ם: הַ אי מָ אן דְּאִ ית in the form and quantity in which they are generally suffers from weakness of the heart shouldgo and bring the meat raw meat in this context is meat that has not been cooked but has Clothing of the wealthy – : A piece of cloth measuring לֵ ּיה חוּלְשׁ ָ א דְּ לִ יבָּ א לַ יְיתִ י בִּ ישְׂרָ א דְּאַ טְמָ א Onion stalk with inflorescence ִבּ ְ ג דֵ י עֲ שִ ירִ י ם consumed. If the food is eaten as the main portion of the right thigh of a ram, and also bring the dung of grazing been heavily salted and dried. The Ritva states that it does not refer to three by three handbreadths is always susceptible to ritual impurity of a meal, there must be enough for two meals. If it יְמִ ינָא דְּדִ יכְרָ א, וְלַ יְיתִ י ְ ּכבוּיֵי דְּרָ עִ יתָ א דְּ נִיסָ ן. cattle from the month of Nisan, and if there is no cattle dung raw meat but to meat that has not been fully cooked. Still other com- (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Kelim 22:23). is a relish or seasoning, then there must be enough mentaries maintain that the term is to be understood literally, since וְאִ י ּלֵיכָא ּכְבוּיֵי דְּרָעִיתָ א – לַיְיתִ י סוּגְיָינֵי he should bring willow twigs, and then roast the meat on a fire to season two meals. If it is eaten for dessert, there LANGUAGE made with the dung or twigs, and eat it, and drink afterwardsome the mishna states that Babylonians were not particular and would ְ ּ ד עַ רְ בָ תָ א , ְ ו ִ נ י כְ ַבּ בֵ י ּה וְ נֵיכוּל, וְ נִשׁ ְ ּ ֵ תי ַבּ תְ רֵ י ּה Probably from the Middle Persian : טַ ַ בּ הַ ִ ּקי – [must be enough to eat it for dessert at two meals Pieces of meat [tabahakki N eat raw meat. This is also implied by the Jerusalem Talmud (Rabbi BACKGROUND diluted wine. This will improve his condition. (Rabbeinu Yehonatan). Ya’akov Emden). word tapahak or tawahak, meaning roasted meat or meat cooked in חַ מְ רָ א מַ רְ ָ קא . The commentaries dis- small pieces. The ancient Persians ate large quantities of meat, to the : ָ נ ָ ח שׁ ֶ ש ְ ּ ב ָ ב ָ צ ל – The toxins [naĥash] of an onion Raw meat – : The Rashba and other commen- pute the meaning of the word naĥash in this context. Most traditions extent that bread was subordinate to the meat and was used as a mere ָבּ ָ שׂ ר חַ י ,Returning to the matter of quantities of food required for an eiruv taries explain that raw meat in this context is meat אָמַ ר רַ ב יְהוּדָ ה, אָמַ ר שְׁ מוּאֵ ל: ּכֹל שֶׁ הוּא Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: The minimum quantity for identify it with the inflorescence of an onion stalk, which is somewhat side dish to accompany the meat. that has not been cooked but has been heavily salted HALAKHA לִ י ְ פ ָּ תן – ְדֵ ּכ ילֶאֱ כֹול בּ ֹו. ּכֹל שׁ ֶאֵ ינֹו לִ י ְ פ ָּ תן – anything that serves as a relishN is enough to eat two meals with similar to a snake [naĥash] with its long head and body. There is no de- One may not establish an eiruv with finitive data concerning the measure of danger posed by eating onions : עֵ י ר ּו ב ִבּ בְ צָ לִ י ם – and dried. The Ritva states that it does not refer to An eiruv of onions ּכ יְדֵ לֶאֱ כֹול הֵ ימֶ ּנוּ. בָּשָׂ ר חַ י – ּכ יְדֵ לֶאֱ כֹול it, i.e., enough to serve as a relish for the bread eaten in two meals. raw meat but to meat that has not been fully cooked. הֵ ימֶ נוּ. בְּ שַׂ ר צָלִ י, רַ בָּ ה אָמַ ר: ְדֵ כ ילֶאֱ כֹול בּ ֹו, And with regard to anything that is not a relish, but rather is a food Still other commentaries maintain that the term is to ּ ּ in its own right, one must use enough to eat two meals of it.H The be understood literally, since the mishna states that בוְרַ יֹוסֵ ף אָמַ ר: ּכ יְדֵ לֶאֱ כֹול הֵ ימֶ ּנוּ. minimum quantity of raw meatN is enough to eat two meals of it. Babylonians were not particular and would eat raw Roasted meat is the subject of a dispute: Rabba said: Enough to meat. This is also implied by the Jerusalem Talmud (Rav Ya’akov Emden). eat the bread of two meals with it. That is to say, roasted meat is not a food in itself, but rather it serves as relish for other foods. And Rav Yosef said: Enough to eat two meals of it,H as it is a food in its LANGUAGE Probably from : טַ ַ בּ הַ ִ ּקי – [ own right. Pieces of meat [tabahakki the Middle Iranian word tabāhak, meaning stewed meat. The ancient Persians ate large quantities of Rav Yosef said: From where do I say this halakha? For these אֲ רמַ ברַ יֹוסֵ ף: מְ נָא אָ מִ ינָא לָ ּה – דְּ הָ נֵי ּפַרְ סָאֵ י L meat, to the extent that bread was subordinate to -Persians eat pieces of roasted meat [tabahakki] without bread, the meat and was used as a mere side dish to ac אָכְלִ י טַבַּהַ ִ ּקי בְּלָ א נַהֲמָ א. אֲמַ ר לֵ ּיה אַבַּיֵי: which shows that meat itself is a food. Abaye said to him: But are .company the meat וּפַרְסָאֵ י הָ ווּ רוּבָּ א דְּעָלְמָ א?! וְהָתְנַן: בִּגְדֵ י the Persians a majority of the world? The halakha follows the customary practice of most of the world and not that of particular עֲ נִ ּיִ ם י לַ עֲ נִ ּיִ י ם , ִ בּ גְ דֵ י עֲ שׁ ִ י רִ י ם לָ עֲ שׁ ִ י רִ י ם , locales. Didn’t we learn the following in a baraita? Clothing of the poor,H i.e., pieces of cloth measuring three by three fingerbreadths, contracts impurity when in the possession of any poor people be- cause poor people attach importance even to scraps of cloth of such small size. Clothing of the wealthy measuring at least three by three handbreadths contracts impurity in all cases, whether or not it is owned by the wealthy.H Perek III . 29b 161 . ׳ג קרפ :טכ ףד