Perek III Daf 29 Amud a HALAKHA The Gemara answers:That is referring to a beet that was only הַ הוּא בִּבְשׁ ִ יל וְלָ א בְּשׁ ִ ילד An eiruv may not be made : ְּ ב שׁ ִ י ל ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל – partially cooked,H which is dangerous. Partially cooked from beets or other vegetables (Rambam) that were only partially cooked (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Eiruvin 1:11; There are some who say that Rav Hamnuna said: One may ּאִיכָא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: אֵין B Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:5). :not establish an eiruv with raw beets, as Rav Ĥisda said מְעָרְבִ ין בִּתְרָדִ ין חַ ּיִין, דַּאֲמַ ר רַ ב חִסְדָּ א: כט All ritually : ּ ְ ׳ס וּ ל וִ ּגְ ו ּיָ ה– Raw beet kills a healthy person. The Gemara asks:Don’ t we The disqualification of a priest’s body סִ ילְ אָ חַ ּיָ יא ָ טֵ יל ּג אַבְרָ חַ ּיָ יאד וְהָ א ָ א see people eating it and they do not die? The Gemara an- impure foods combine to complete the measure of half a half- swers: There, it is referring to a beet that was only partially loaf, in order to disqualify one who eats them by imparting a חָ זֵ ינַן דְּ ָ א אָ כְלִ י וְלָ א מָ יְיתִ י! הָתָ ם בִּבְשׁ ִ יל lenient form of ritual impurity. This is true even if one does not ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל ד cooked, which is dangerous. actually come into contact with the food (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Tumat Okhalin 4:3). Rav Ĥisda said: A cooked dish of beets is beneficial for the אָמַ ר רַ ב חִסְדָּ א: ּתַבְשִׁ יל שֶׁ ל ּתְרָדִ ין יָ ֶ ׳ה Most :מְ זֹון שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות לָעֵ ירוּב – heart, good for the eyes, and all the more so beneficial for Food for two meals for an eiruv לַ ֵ בּל וְ טֹוב לָעֵ ינָיִם, וְכָ ל שׁ ֶ ֵ ּכן לִבְנֵי מֵעַיִיםד the intestines. Abaye said: That isspecifically when the dish foods count toward the required measure of two meals’ worth אָמַ ר אַבַּיֵי: וְ הוּא דְּ יָתֵ יב אַבֵּ י תְ ֵ ׳י וְעָבֵ יד sits on the stove and makes a tukh tukh sound, i.e., it is of food necessary in order to establish an eiruv. Even different types of food can be combined, in accordance with the view ּת וּ ךְ ּת וּ ךְ ד cooked thoroughly enough to produce a boiling sound. of Rabba (Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:4). Rava once said when he was in an especially good mood: The measure of an egg-bulk to contract the impurity of אָמַר רָבָא: הֲרֵינִי ּכְבֶן עַּזַאי בְּשׁוּ ֵי All types of food combine to complete : כַ ּ ֵבּ י צָ ה לְ טַ ּ ֵ מא – Behold, I am like the intellectually sharp ben Azzai, who foods טְבֶרְיָאד אֲמַ ר ּלֵיה הַ הוּא מֵרַבָּנַן לְרָבָ א: would regularly expound in the markets of Tiberias. I, too, the measure of an egg-bulk necessary to contract the ritual ַּתּ׳וּחִ ים בְּכַ ָּ מה? אֲמַ ר ּלֵיה: וְכִי מְעָרְבִין am ready to answer any question posed to me. One of the impurity of foods (Rambam Sefer Tahara, Hilkhot Tumat Okhalin 4:3). Sages said to Rava: How many apples are needed to establish ְ בּ תַ ּ׳ ּ ו חִ י ם ? שִׁ יעוּ ר ַּת ּ׳וּחִ ים – an eiruv? Rava said to him: Does one establish an eiruv with The minimum amount of apples for an eiruv A kav of wild apples may be used for an eiruv. Many : לָ עֵ י ר ּו ב apples?N commentaries maintain that this is the measure for all types .(The other Sage responded:And is it not permissible to estab- of apples (Mishna Berura; Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:7 וְ לֹא?! וְהָתְ נַן: ָ לּכ הָ אֹוכָלִ ין מִצְטָרְ ִ ׳ין lish an eiruv with them? Didn’t we learn in a mishna: All לִ׳ְסֹול אֶת הַ ּגְוִוּיָה בַּחֲצִי ּ׳ְרָ ס, וּבִמְזֹון foods combine to disqualify the bodyHN of a priest who eats BACKGROUND שְׁ ֵּית סְעוּדֹות לָעֵירוּב, וְכַבֵּיצָה ּלִטַמֵא The beet mentioned in this context is : ּתְ רָ דִ י ן – [half of a half-loaf of ritually impure food, and to complete the Beets [teradin measure of food required for two meals for the purpose of an generally called silka in the Talmud. It is referring to Beta vulgaris תטוּמְאַ אֹוכָלִ ים! eiruv,H and to complete the measure of an egg-bulk required cicla. This plant is an annual garden vegetable from the Cheno- H podiaceae family. Its large, fleshy leaves grow up to 15–30 cm for a food to be able to contract the ritual impurity of foods? long and are edible when cooked. Their taste is similar to that An apple is a kind of food, so it should be included in the items of spinach. Nowadays, the leaves are also used as bird food. that may be used to establish an eiruv. The Gemara asks:And what is the refutation? If you say it is וְהַאי מַאי ּת ְּיוּבְתָא? אִילֵימָא ּמִשׁוּם because it was taught using the term all foods, and these דְּ ָתָנֵי ָלּ“כ הָ אֹוכָלִין״ וְהָנֵי בְּנֵי אֲכִילָה apples are fit for eating,how can an objection be raised from נִינְהוּ– רוְהָאָמַ ירַבִּ יֹוחָנָן: אֵ ין לְמֵדִ ין מִ ן such a general term? Didn’t Rabbi Yoĥanan already say: One ,may not learn from general statements using the word all הַ ּכְלָ לֹות וַאֲ ִ ׳ ּילוּ בְּמָ ֹום שׁ ֶ ּנֶאֱ רמַ בּ ֹו חוּץ! even in a place where it says except, since no rule exhausts all cases? Rather, it is because it taught: And all foods combine to אֶ ָ ּלא מִ ׁ ּשוּם דְּ ָתָ נֵי: “וּבִמְ זֹון שׁ ְ ּיֵ ת סְ עוּדֹות complete the measure of food required for two meals for the לָעֵ ירוּב וְכַבֵּ יצָ ה לְטַ ֵּ אמ תטוּמְאַ אֹוכָלִ ין״, purpose of an eiruv, and to complete the measure of an egg- וְהָ נֵי נַמִ י בְּ נֵי טַ ּמוּיֵי תטוּמְאַ אֹוכָלִ ין נִינְהוּד bulk to contract the ritual impurity of foods; and these ap- ples are also susceptible to the ritual impurity of foods. Therefore, there is clear proof that the mishna is referring to apples as well. -Having established that an eiruv may be established with ap וְכַ ָּ מה? אָמַ ר רַ ב נַחְמָ ן: ַּת ּ׳וּחִ ים בְּ ַ בד ples, the Gemara returns to the question raised above: How many apples are needed to establish an eiruv? Rav Naĥman said: The minimum measure of apples that must be used for an eiruv is a kav.H Beta vulgaris cicla NOTES -Consequently, the question arises as to whether or not they who eats a certain amount of ritually impure foods is disquali : ְ ו כִ י מְ עָ רְ בִ י ן ְ בּ תַ ּ׳ ּ ו חִ י ם – Does one establish an eiruv with apples Rava’s response seems quite surprising. Why would apples spe- may be used for an eiruv, which is comprised of food for two fied from eating teruma. Strictly speaking, the term impure cifically be disqualified from use for aneiruv ? Some commentar- meals (Rashba). [tamei ] refers to something impure that can impart impurity to ies explain that the reference here is to wild apples, which are of something else, whereas something that has been defiled but According to Torah : לִ ס ׳ְ ֹו ל אֶ ת הַ ּגְ ו וִ ּיָ ה – To disqualify the body inferior quality and are eaten only when absolutely necessary. law, ritually impure foods do not defile one who touches them, cannot defile others is termed disqualified [pasul ]. Accordingly, However, there is another answer: Apples are not generally since a person can only contract impurity from a primary source one who eats ritually impure food is disqualified from eating eaten as a meal or even as a side dish, but rather as dessert. of ritual impurity. The Sages, however, decreed that anyone teruma and other consecrated foods. Perek III . 29a 157 . ׳ר קרפ .טכ ףד BACKGROUND The Gemararaises an objection from a baraita: Rabbi Shimon מֵ יתִ יבִ י, ירַבִּ שׁ ִמְ עֹון ןבֶּ אֶלְעָזָר אֹומֵ ר: The Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 90a) states ben Elazar says: When distributing poor man’s tithe, one must : ע ּו ְ ּכלָ א – Ukla B ּעוּכְלָ א ּתַבְלִ ין, וְלִיטְרָ א יָרָ , וַעֲשָׂרָ ה than an ukla is one-twentieth of a kav. Some commentaries determine that the measure of an ukla is an eighth of a liter. give each individual poor person at least an ukla, an eighth of H אֱ גֹוזִין, וַחֲמִ ׁ ָּ שה אֲ ׳ַרְסְ ִ ין, וּשׁ ְ נֵי רִ ּמֹונִים, The two measures are not very different in size. a log, of spices, a liter of vegetables, ten nuts, five peaches, two pomegranates, or one citron, as these are worthy amounts וְאֶתְ רֹוג אֶ חָ דד וַאֲ מַ ר ּגוּרְ סַ בַּ ר דָּרֵ י מִ ׁ ּשְמֵ ּיה דְּרַ ב מְ נַשׁ ְ יָא בַּ ר שׁ ְ גוּבְלֵ י מִ ׁ ּשְמֵ ּיה דְּרַ ב: וְכֵ ן HALAKHA for distribution. And Gursak bar Darei said in the name of Rav לָעֵ ירוּבד וְהָנֵי נַמִ י לֶ יהֱ ווּ ִ ּכי אֲ ׳ַרְסְ ִ ין? A minimum of five Menashya bar Sheguvlei, who said in the name of Rav: And :חֲמִ ׁ ָּ שה אֲ ׳ַרְסְ ִ ין וכופ – .Five peaches, etc peaches or two pomegranates must be used in order to es- similarly, this is the halakha with regard to an eiruv.