Gemara Yevamos Elementary II

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February 2019 Elementary Gemara II: Yevamos — Study Guide —

This elementary Gemara II examination is based on the beginning of Maseches Yevamos, לא רבי“ ,6b), (until the words, on the 2nd wide line) דף ו עמוד ב 2a) until) דף ב עמוד א from .(”יוסי

In this Study Guide you will find: • The syllabus outline for the elementary Yevamos II examination (page 3). • A sample Gemara Bava Metzia examination (page 10). Please utilize the sample examination to familiarize yourself with the type of questions that are asked, and for guidance as to how to answer them. The Bava Metzia sample examination is comparable to the Yevamos formal examination in both level and style.

This Study Guide is the property of TAL and MUST be returned after you take the exam. Failure to do so is an aveirah of gezel.

Elementary Gemara II: Yevamos — Syllabus —

The formal examination consists of between 42 and 46 questions assessing your ability to identify the different elements on adaf Gemara; your knowledge of basic background information about Mishnah and Gemara; your ability to translate and understand vocabulary, expressions, rules, and acronyms; and your understanding of the set pages of Gemara and some Rashis. The syllabus on the following pages describes in detail all the material you need to know to answer the complete range of examination questions.

You are required to know: •• Some general information about Mishnah and Gemara. •• How to use Hagahos HaBach, Ein Mishpat and the other features on the page of Gemara. •• The set text. •• A number of assigned Rashis. •• Common Gemara terminology, methodology and abbreviations. Although the examination includes general information questions, the majority of the questions test your knowledge and understanding of the set text, Rashis, and abbreviations, and terminology. NOTE: For the examination, you are expected to know the translation and meaning of all words or phrases appearing in the set text. You are also responsible for the entire text of each assigned Rashi. Within the set text are many abbreviations and terms which are commonly used throughout the Talmud to indicate specific types of questions, difficulties, resolutions, proofs, conclusions etc. Some of these are used to indicate common Gemara methodologies (such as kal va’chomer). A list of the terms and abbreviations that you are required to know appears on page 9. Learn the meaning of the terms and abbreviations in the list as well as how they are generally used in the Gemara. The following few pages detail the general information that you need to know about Mishnah and Gemara. Subsequently, you will find details about the set text, the assigned Rashis, and the Gemara terminology.

The Mishnah

You will find it helpful to review the section entitled “The Mishnah” in the Elementary Gemara I study guide.

I. Content of the Mishnah The Mishnah is comprised of six sections which are known collectively as Shas, an :”meaning “six orders ,(ששה סדרים) abbreviation of shishah sedarim Each of these sedarim contains numerous Mishnayos (plural of “Mishnah”) sorted into distinct units known as masechtos (plural of masechta). The six sedarim are: 1. Zeraim (Seeds). This seder deals with the halachos pertaining to agriculture. 2. Moed (Festivals). This seder deals with the halachos of Shabbos, the Yamim Tovim, and taanaisim (fasts). 3. Nashim (Women). This seder deals with halachos dealing with marriage and divorce, and the resulting obligations. 4. Nezikin (Damages). This seder deals with the halachos of civil and criminal law, corporal and capital punishment, the composition of batei din (Rabbinical courts), and judicial procedure. 5. Kodshim (Holy Things). This seder contains halachos pertaining to the Beis Hamikdash and korbanos (sacrificial offerings). 6. Taharos (Purity). This seder deals with the halachos of tumah and taharah of all kinds of keilim (objects).

II. Well-known Tannaim The term Tanna (plural: Tannaim) means “one who studies.” It is used to identify the rabbanim of the period of the Mishnah. You should be familiar with the names of all the Tannaim that appear in the Mishnah and Beraisos in the set text. However, within the set text of this Gemara, only one Tanna is named:

(ר”ש) R’ Shimon 2b]] [4a] R’ Elazar ben Azariah, Ben Azzai, R’ Yehudah [6b] R’ Yosi, R’ Nosson

The Gemara

I. Dynamics of the Talmud Each Mishnah in Shas was discussed and analyzed by the rabbanim in the period of the Gemara, who are known as Amoraim. Although the Amoraim of the Gemara were the outstanding Talmudic scholars of their generations, it is generally assumed that an Amora may not disagree with the opinion of a Tanna of the Mishnah, unless there is another Tanna’s opinion which concurs with his view. Rishonim (see below, section III) cannot disagree with an Amora.

II. Well-Known Amoraim The term Amora (plural: Amoraim) means “one who speaks or interprets.” It is used to identify the rabbanim in the period of the Gemara, both in Bavel and Eretz Yisrael. You should be familiar with all the names of the Amoraim cited in the set text of the Gemara, as follows: [3a] Rava, R’ Yitzchak bar Avdimi [3b] Rav, R’ Assi [4a] R’ Sheishes, R’ Yosef, R’ Gidel

III. Layout of the Daf Each page of the Talmud features the Gemara in the center of the page with the peirush of Rashi and Tosafos on either side. There are several other features on the daf, including the following: This generally contains cross-references to other .(מסורס הש”ס) Mesoras HaShas •• masechtos where the particular Gemara or certain parallel words or concepts appear. It also contains proposed textual emendations made to the Gemara. It is printed in the top inner margin of each page (next to Rashi’s peirush). This contains references to the quotations from Tanach .(תורה אור) Torah Ohr •• that are cited by the Gemara. The notation of a small circle appears in the Gemara before the first word of the quotation, and the Torah Ohr reference

— detailing the name of the sefer in Tanach and the perek number — appears in line with it in the narrow margin between Rashi and the Gemara. Recent editions of the Gemara, such as Oz Vehadar and Vilna Shas, have replaced this feature with an updated version, sometimes renamed Torah Ohr In place of the notation of a small circle, a number .(תורה אור השלם) Hashalem or Hebrew letter appears, referring the reader to the inner margin of the page (or sometimes the outer margin, when the inner margin is full) where the pasuk containing the Gemara’s quotation is cited in full, followed by the name of the sefer in Tanach and the perek and pasuk numbers. This provides the reference for .(נר מצוה) Ner Mitzvah / (עין משפט) Ein Mishpat •• the halachah derived from the Gemara, found in the works of the Rambam, Sefer Mitzvos Gadol, Tur, and Shulchan Aruch. It appears in the top outer margin of each page. This recent feature .(ליקוטי רש”י – or: Likutei Rashi) (מוסף רש”י) Mosaf Rashi •• quotes Rashi’s peirush in the other places in Shas where the Gemara has a parallel discussion. This consists of proposed textual emendations .(הגהות הב”ח) Hagahos HaBach •• made to the Gemara, Rashi, and Tosafos by R’ Yoel Sirkes. This contains textual emendations and .(הגהות הגר”א) Hagahos HaGra •• occasional comments made on Gemara, Rashi, and Tosafos by the Vilna Gaon. This recent feature, found in Oz Vehadar .(הגהות וציונים) Hagahos and Tziyonim •• (הגהות) Gemaras, contains two features: (i) Proposed textual emendations made to the Gemara, Rashi, and Tosafos that are based on early manuscripts of these texts and on the texts of commentaries. The latest Oz Vehadar Gemaras have even gathered here textual emendations made in Mesoras HaShas. .to the Gemaras etc. that are cited by Rashi and Tosafos (ציונים) ii) References) This consists of notes on the Gemara, Rashi, and .(גליון הש”ס) Gilyon HaShas •• Tosafos written by R’ Akiva Eiger. Generally, these notes record a problem it needs — צריך עיון) צ”ע from a parallel text and end without resolution, noting further study). This recent feature, found in some Gemaras, translates .(לעזי רש”י) Loezei Rashi •• into Hebrew any foreign words used by Rashi. In other Gemaras, this feature is found after the last page of the Gemara.

•• Rishonim. Rishonim are early prominent rabbanim from the eleventh through fifteenth century. Rashi and Tosafos are Rishonim. There are additional Rishonim printed in the margins of the daf in different masechtos. They include Tosafos Rid ,(רבינו גרשום) Rabbeinu Gershom ,(רבינו חננאל) Rabbeinu Chananel תוספות) and Tosafos Yeshanim ,(רבינו נסים) Rabbeinu Nissim Gaon ,(תוספות רי”ד) .(ישנים •• Acharonim. Acharonim are later prominent rabbanim from the sixteenth through nineteenth century. The Vilna Gaon, Rabbi Akiva Eiger, and the authors of Mesoras Hashas and Hagahos HaBach were all Achronim.

Set Text I. Text for Preparation דף ו עמוד ב 2a) until) דף ב עמוד א Prepare the first five dapim of Maseches Yevamos from .(”לא רבי יוסי“ ,6b), (until the words, on the 2nd wide line)

II. Rashis Study well the following 33 Rashis, as the examination Rashi questions are drawn from them. You are, however, held responsible for knowing all the Rashis on the set text. While examination questions will not directly ask on a Rashi that is not listed below, they may assume knowledge of Rashi’s basic explanation of any part of the set text.

2a — דף ב עמוד א 4b — דף ד עמוד ב 1. ד”ה ואם חמותו ואם חמיו 16. ד”ה לא תלבש שעטנז וכו’ 2. ד”ה אחותו מאמו 17. ד”ה ואפי’ מוכרי כסות 18. ד”ה והא תנא דבי ר’ ישמעאל וכו’ 3. ד”ה ואשת אחיו מאמו 5a — דף ה עמוד א 2b — דף ב עמוד ב 19. ד”ה וקסבר האי תנא 4. ד”ה ואשת אחיו שלא היה בעולמו 20. ד”ה שאין שוה בכל 5. ד”ה וכולן שמתו 21. ד”ה ת”ל ראשו 6. ד”ה וכל היכולה למאן 22. ד”ה מנזיר

3a — דף ג עמוד א 5b — דף ה עמוד א 7. ד”ה אתיא הנה הנה 23. ד”ה ופותלהו מתוכו 24. ד”ה תכיפה 8. ד”ה מאי איריא דקטני פוטרות 9. ד”ה ה”א מיחלץ חלצה 6a — דף ו עמוד א 25. ד”ה לאו דמחמר — דף ג עמוד ב 3b 26. ד”ה וכי תימא שאני וכו’ 10. ד”ה צרת ממאנת 27. ד”ה אלא 11. ד”ה מחזיר גרושתו 28. ד”ה נאמר שמירה בשבת וכו’ 12. ד”ה לפי שאינן בצרת צרה 6b — דף ו עמוד ב 4a — דף ד עמוד א 29. ד”ה מה ת”ל 30. ד”ה ללאו יצאתה 13. ד”ה שאין חוסמין 31. ד”ה לחלק 14. ד”ה להקיש אליהן 32. ד”ה מושבותיכם 15. ד”ה לכתביה רחמנא 33. ד”ה חובת הגוף היא

III. Terminology, Methodology, and Abbreviations The following 40 terms, abbreviations and expressions are taken from the set text of Gemara. The terms tested in the examination are selected from this list. For some terms, only the abbreviations appear in the Gemara text. You are expected to be able to write out the abbreviated words in full, to translate the terms, and to explain how they are usually used in the Gemara. Although these terms are listed under specific dapim, you are expected to recognize them wherever they may appear within the set text, not just in the specific locations listed here. You can use R’ Yitzchak Frank’s “Practical Talmudic Dictionary” to study these terms. As you can see, there are no assigned terminologies for daf [2a].

22. דריש-דרשינן 2b — דף ב עמוד ב (ln.9) 23. איבעית אימא (.4th last ln) 1. כשם...כך... (ln.10) 2. מכדי (4b (1st ln.of Gemara — דף ט עמוד ב 3. ילפינן (1st ln.of Gemara) 4. ליתני (.6th last ln) 24. ל”ל )למה לי( (ln.1) 5. וכ”ת )וכי תימא( (.6th last ln) 25. ש”מ )שמע מינה( (ln.7) 26. הני מצרך צריכי (ln.8) 3a — דף ג עמוד א 27. רמי (ln.33) 6. נהי (ln.1) 28. הא כיצד (ln.34) 7. בהדיא כתיב (ln.2) 8. ג”ש )גזירה שוה( 5a — דף ה עמוד א ד”ה אתיא הנה הנה :In Rashi 9. השתא דאמרת (ln.5) 29. תינח (ln.1) 10. איידי דאיירי (ln.7) 30. וקא סבר (ln.5) 11. אלא (ln.9( 31. איכא למיפרך (ln.6) 12. ובדין הוא (ln.16( 32. ה”נ )הכא נמי( (.2nd last ln) 13. קמ”ל )קא משמע לן( (ln.23) 14. למעוטי מאי (.5b (last ln — דף ה עמוד ב 33. היכא אשכחן 3b — דף ג עמוד ב (ln.13) 34. וכי תימא (ln.14) 15. סבירא להו (.last ln( 35. נילף (ln.14) 16. מנה”מ (ln.7) 36. ואליבא דמ”ד )דמאן דאמר( (ln.21) 17. מנין (ln.15) 37. מאי לאו 18. ת”ל )תלמוד לומר( ( (ln.15 ln.27)) 19. ה”א )הוה אמינא( (.5th last ln) 38. הא לאו הכי (.last ln) 20. מאי טעמא (.4th last ln) 6a — דף ו עמוד א 4a — דף ט עמוד א 39. הא לאו הכי (.ln) 21. בעלמא (ln.8) 40. אין הכי נמי (.last ln)

Elementary Gemara II: Bava Metzia — Sample Examination —

Use this sample exam as a guide to the structure and style of the formal Yevamos examination, which follows the same structure and format, although the range of assigned dapim obviously differs. The elementary Gemara sample examination consists of 12 questions testing your ability to translate words and phrases, identify the Gemara’s statements and methodology, דף ב explain textual extracts, and understand the content of the Gemara in Bava Metzia 5a). The formal examination onYevamos consists of between) דף ה עמוד א 2a) until) עמוד א 42 and 46 questions.

Permitted Texts This is an open-Gemara examination. The relevant Gemara text is handed to you with the examination paper. No other texts, such as your own Gemaras or dictionaries, may be used. Time: You will have two hours to complete the formal examination. This sample examination should take you about half an hour. The answers to all questions in this sample examination can be found on pages 14–16. NOTE: a. Since you are required to answer in black ink, be sure to bring a black pen to your exam. b. Accustom yourself to outlining your answers on scrap paper and writing essays clearly. Illegible exams will not be graded. c. The lowest passing score on this exam is 70. You will not get credit for a score below 70, though in the case of a failed or illegible paper, you may be able to retake the exam after waiting six months. Grades for transcripts are calculated as follows: A = 90–100% B = 80–89% C = 70–79%

Questions Directions: Answer all of the following 12 questions. Partial credit is awarded for partial answers. Background Information: Some questions ask for explanations of selected sections of Gemara. You do not need to provide a full background of the selected section. Answer every question directly, thereby demonstrating that you have an understanding of the particular extract.

All answers must demonstrate your understanding of the relevant material. Answers may NOT simply be extracts/citations from the Gemara, Rashi or Tosafos without additional explanation, since the exam grader will not know if you actually understand what you are writing! All answers must be translated (or explained) in a manner that demonstrates your understanding of the relevant material, except for questions that specifically state otherwise (e.g. “Translation not necessary”). Answers that do not include translations or adequate explanation will not receive full credit, and may not receive any credit at all. Nonetheless, very common Gemara terms, such as patur and chayav, and terms used repeatedly within the set text, such as modeh b’miktzas and metzia can be written as such (i.e., in Hebrew or transliterated), even within questions requiring translation. You do not need to translate these terms each time you use them.

General Information

1. Identify whether each of the following rabbanim are Tannaim or Amoraim: a. Rav b. Rabban Gamliel c. Rav Ashi d. R’ Meir e. Reish Lakish

2. TheHagahos HaBach, printed in the margin of the page: a. are proposed emendations in the text of the Gemara, Rashi’s commentary, and Tosafos b. present parallel texts and cross-references to similar passages elsewhere in Shas c. present the sources for Rashi and Tosafos’ commentaries d. present the final halachah of the Gemara

(Page 2a) דף ב עמוד א

3. Translate just the underlined word in the following extract:

דממשנה יתרה אשמעינן דראיה לא קני

(Page 2b) דף ב עמוד ב

explain what the Gemara means by ד”ה לאו מידי חסר In what two ways does Rashi .4 “he is not losing anything by it”?

?מאי איכא למימר What is the meaning of the phrase .5 a. What is your proof? b. What is the difference between them? c. If that is so, then… d. What is there to say?

(Page 3a) דף ג עמוד א

?stand for, and what do they mean מ”ש What do the rashei teivos .6

(Page 3b) דף ג עמוד ב

and give an example ,קנס and ממון Explain the distinction between the obligations of .7 of each.

who חכמים explain the position of the ד”ה והוא אומר לא ]אכלתי[ How does Rashi .8 exempt a defendant from bringing a Chattas?

(Page 4a) דף ד עמוד א

9. What type of methodology is the Gemara using in the following statement? הצד השוה שבהן שעל ידי טענה וכפירה הן באין ונשבע אף אני אביא עדים שעל ידי טענה וכפירה הם באין ונשבע. a. gezeirah shava b. binyan av c. kal va’chomer d. klal u’prat

(Page 4b) דף ד עמוד ב

.מאי קמ”ל זוקקין תנינא :Identify the option which most accurately describes the words .10 a. a statement b. a difficulty c. an answer d. a proof

זוקקין Cite two places in Shas, other than in our Gemara, where the Mishnah of .11 .appears הנכסין...

(Page 5a) דף ה עמוד א

explain how the Gemara’s statement of ד”ה חפר בה בורות שיחין ומערות How does Rashi .12 ,the pasuk is necessary where he dug pits) איצטריך קרא היכא דחפר בה בורות שיחין ומערות ditches, and caverns in the land) answers its question of why a pasuk was needed to exclude land from a shevuah, if heilach is exempt from swearing?

Elementary Gemara II: Bava Metzia —Answer Key—

General Information

1. Identify whether each of the following rabbanim are Tannaim or Amoraim: a. Rav — Amora. b. Rabban Gamliel — Tanna. c. Rav Ashi — Amora. d. R’ Meir — Tanna. e. Reish Lakish — Amora.

2. TheHagahos HaBach, printed in the margin of the page: a. are proposed emendations in the text of the Gemara, Rashi’s commentary, and Tosafos

(Page 2a) דף ב עמוד א

3. Translate just the underlined word in the following extract:

דממשנה יתרה אשמעינן דראיה לא קני [The Tanna] teaches us.

(Page 2b) דף ב עמוד ב

explain what the Gemara means by ד”ה לאו מידי חסר In what two ways does Rashi .4 “he is not losing anything by it”? He got the object for nothing (i.e., free).

He got the object without any effort.

?מאי איכא למימר What is the meaning of the phrase .5 d. What is there to say?

(Page 3a) דף ג עמוד א

?stand for, and what do they mean מ”ש What do the rashei teivos .6

?For what reason does it differ? / What is the difference — מאי שנא

(Page 3b) דף ג עמוד ב

and give an example ,קנס and ממון Explain the distinction between the obligations of .7 of each.

means a monetary obligation to pay someone compensation, such as for ממון damages done to their property.

means a monetary obligation to pay someone as a punitive award, such קנס .which a thief must pay (כפל) as the second part of the double portion

who חכמים explain the position of the ד”ה והוא אומר לא ]אכלתי[ How does Rashi .8 exempt a defendant from bringing a Chattas? The defendant is believed when claiming that he did not eatcheilev (the fat), even though the witnesses contradict this claim, because he has a migoi: He could have claimed that he ate cheilev intentionally, which results in no obligation to bring a korban.

(Page 4a) דף ד עמוד א

9. What type of methodology is the Gemara using in the following statement? הצד השוה שבהן שעל ידי טענה וכפירה הן באין ונשבע אף אני אביא עדים שעל ידי טענה וכפירה הם באין ונשבע. b. binyan av

(Page 4b) דף ד עמוד ב

.מאי קמ”ל זוקקין תנינא :Identify the option which most accurately describes the words .10 b. a difficulty

זוקקין Cite two places in Shas, other than in our Gemara, where the Mishnah of .11 .appears הנכסין... [According to Mesoras HaShas:] Bava Metzia [100b], Kiddushin [26a], Shevuos [38b], and Shevuos [40b].

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