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Creation and Composition
Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum Edited by Martin Hengel und Peter Schäfer 114 ARTIBUS ,5*2 Creation and Composition The Contribution of the Bavli Redactors (Stammaim) to the Aggada Edited by Jeffrey L. Rubenstein Mohr Siebeck Jeffrey L. Rubenstein, born 1964. 1985 B.A. at Oberlin College (OH); 1987 M.A. at The Jewish Theological Seminary of America (NY); 1992 Ph.D. at Columbia University (NY). Professor in the Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University. ISBN 3-16-148692-7 ISSN 0721-8753 (Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2005 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer in Tübingen, printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Preface The papers collected in this volume were presented at a conference sponsored by the Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies of New York University, February 9-10, 2003.1 am grateful to Lawrence Schiffman, chairman of the de- partment, for his support, and to Shayne Figueroa and Diane Leon-Ferdico, the departmental administrators, for all their efforts in logistics and organization. -
Parshat Ha'azinu
Parshat Ha'azinu 13 Tishrei 5777 /October 15, 2016 Daf Yomi: Bava Metzia 19 ; Nach Yomi: Yechezkel 29 Weekly Dvar Torah A project of the NATIONAL COUNCIL OF YOUNG ISRAEL SPONSORED BY THE HENRY, BERTHA AND EDWARD ROTHMAN FOUNDATION ROCHESTER, NY,CLEVELAND, OHIO, CIRCLEVILLE, OHIO Questions on the Parsha by Rabbi Edward Davis Mara D'atra, Young Israel of Hollywood/Ft. Lauderdale Ha'azinu 5777 Parsha Questions click here The Weekly Sidra “A Literal Heavenly Fear” Rabbi Moshe Greebel Associate Member, Young Israel Council of Rabbis This week’s Sidra opens with: “Give ear, you Heavens, and I will speak; and hear, you earth, the words of My mouth.” (D’varim 32:1) In the text Ohel Torah, by the celebrated Rav Elchanan Wasserman (1874- 1941) of blessed memory, this beginning of this Passuk (verse) is simply referred to as ‘Ha’azaina Sh’mimis,’ or the ‘Heavenly Listening.’ In order to comprehend what is meant by this ‘Ha’azaina Sh’mimis,’ Rav Elchanan drew our attentions to the words of the renown Admur (Chassidic master) Rav M’nachem Mendel Morgensztern of Kotzk (1787– 1859) of blessed memory, who regaled us with the following observations. Describing a Torah true Jew, our Rabbanim of blessed memory utilized the term ‘Yiras Shamayim,’ or one who fears Heaven. Examples abound: “Rav Chelbo further said in the name of Rav Huna, ‘If one is filled with the fear of Heaven, his words are listened to…..’” (B’rachos 6b) “Rabbah b. R. Huna said, ‘Every man who possesses learning without the fear of Heaven is like a treasurer who is entrusted with the inner -
Teaching Rabbis Rabbinic Ethics
Shelach, June 13, 2015 www.torahleadership.org CENTER FOR MODERN TORAH LEADERSHIP TEACHING RABBIS RABBINIC ETHICS Rabbi Aryeh Klapper, Dean In light of recent rabbinic scandals, Rabbi Josh Yuter and he does not take pity on it (ADK: meaning on its potential use) and properly suggests on his blog (www.joshyuter.com) that a forbids it. course on rabbinic ethics be part of semikhah programs, and In other words, the true talmid chakham is one who is puts forth a suggested curriculum. Certainly our parsha, a story willing to rule against his or her economic interests even when of how klal Yisroel was failed by its best and brightest, is an it would have been easy, but not honest, to avoid doing so. appropriate time to reflect on educating our future leaders. Piskei RID perhaps does not understand the hava amina; However, I am not confident that courses on professional obviously a true talmid chakham cannot permit the forbidden! ethics significantly improve professional behavior, especially He therefore transfers Rav Chisda’s statement from the realm where no professional association has the mandate to seek of substance to that of appearances: out and punish malfeasance. I don’t believe the spies would Something in doubt, have made better choices had Mosheh Rabbeinu given them where one person gives a reason to permit and another to declare it tereifah, and this (true talmid chakham) adopts the reason to declare it tereifah a great shiur in Hilkhot Meraglim, or even a series of such shiurim. and is stringent upon himself. I am also unsure that teaching texts is the best mode of It is appropriate for a talmid chakham to act in this way, teaching a narrow subset of Jewish ethics. -
Review Questions on Lessons 5 -8 Daf 2B
Review Questions on Lessons 5-8 Daf 2b-3a: 6) (a)What does Ula mean when he speaks of a hint in the Torah for Eidim Zom'min? (b)What problem does he have with the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "ve'Hitzdiku es ha'Tzadik, ve'Hirshi'u es ha'Rasha; ve'Hayah Im bin Hakos ha'Rasha"? (c)So how does he interpret it? (d)Why do we need a special Pasuk? Why should they not receive Malkos from the Pasuk (in the Aseres ha'Dibros) "Lo Sa'aneh ve'Re'acha Eid Shaker"? (e)Our Mishnah cited two cases where the witnesses receive Malkos (rather than the punishment that they tried to mete out to the defendant). The Tana Kama of the Beraisa cites two more cases. One of them is when they tried to make the defendant pay Kofer (by testifying that his Mu'ad ox [that already killed three animals] killed a person). What is the ... 1. ... fourth case? 2. ... fifth case added by Rebbi Akiva? 7) (a)What is the logic behind the ruling that the false witnesses do not pay Kofer? (b)In another Beraisa, the Tana Kama holds that Kofer entails paying the dead man's value. What does Rebbi Yishmael b'no shel Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah say? (c)According to Rav Chisda which Tana holds that Kofer is a Kaparah (and is therefore the author of the first Beraisa)? What does the second Tana then hold? 8) (a)Rav Papa however, disagrees. According to him, both Tana'im hold that Kofer is a Kaparah' (in which case, either could be the author of our Beraisa). -
Perek III Daf 29 Amud A
Perek III Daf 29 Amud a HALAKHA The Gemara answers:That is referring to a beet that was only הַ הוּא בִּבְשׁ ִ יל וְלָ א בְּשׁ ִ ילד An eiruv may not be made : ְּ ב שׁ ִ י ל ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל – partially cooked,H which is dangerous. Partially cooked from beets or other vegetables (Rambam) that were only partially cooked (Rambam Sefer Zemanim, Hilkhot Eiruvin 1:11; There are some who say that Rav Hamnuna said: One may ּאִיכָא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: אֵין B Shulĥan Arukh, Oraĥ Ĥayyim 386:5). :not establish an eiruv with raw beets, as Rav Ĥisda said מְעָרְבִ ין בִּתְרָדִ ין חַ ּיִין, דַּאֲמַ ר רַ ב חִסְדָּ א: כט All ritually : ּ ְ ׳ס וּ ל וִ ּגְ ו ּיָ ה– Raw beet kills a healthy person. The Gemara asks:Don’ t we The disqualification of a priest’s body סִ ילְ אָ חַ ּיָ יא ָ טֵ יל ּג אַבְרָ חַ ּיָ יאד וְהָ א ָ א see people eating it and they do not die? The Gemara an- impure foods combine to complete the measure of half a half- swers: There, it is referring to a beet that was only partially loaf, in order to disqualify one who eats them by imparting a חָ זֵ ינַן דְּ ָ א אָ כְלִ י וְלָ א מָ יְיתִ י! הָתָ ם בִּבְשׁ ִ יל lenient form of ritual impurity. This is true even if one does not ְ ו ָ ל א ְ ּ ב שׁ ִ י ל ד cooked, which is dangerous. -
The Humanity of the Talmud: Reading for Ethics in Bavli ʿavoda Zara By
The Humanity of the Talmud: Reading for Ethics in Bavli ʿAvoda Zara By Mira Beth Wasserman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Joint Doctor of Philosophy with Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley in Jewish Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Daniel Boyarin, chair Professor Chana Kronfeld Professor Naomi Seidman Professor Kenneth Bamberger Spring 2014 Abstract The Humanity of the Talmud: Reading for Ethics in Bavli ʿAvoda Zara by Mira Beth Wasserman Joint Doctor of Philosophy with Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel Boyarin, chair In this dissertation, I argue that there is an ethical dimension to the Babylonian Talmud, and that literary analysis is the approach best suited to uncover it. Paying special attention to the discursive forms of the Talmud, I show how juxtapositions of narrative and legal dialectics cooperate in generating the Talmud's distinctive ethics, which I characterize as an attentiveness to the “exceptional particulars” of life. To demonstrate the features and rewards of a literary approach, I offer a sustained reading of a single tractate from the Babylonian Talmud, ʿAvoda Zara (AZ). AZ and other talmudic discussions about non-Jews offer a rich resource for considerations of ethics because they are centrally concerned with constituting social relationships and with examining aspects of human experience that exceed the domain of Jewish law. AZ investigates what distinguishes Jews from non-Jews, what Jews and non- Jews share in common, and what it means to be a human being. I read AZ as a cohesive literary work unified by the overarching project of examining the place of humanity in the cosmos. -
The Mary Hytken Dumont University @ASBEE Presents.. from the Liturgical Department
The Mary Hytken Dumont University @ASBEE presents.. From the liturgical department... Prayer Unlocked What we will look at today; What is a blessing? A look at the quintessential blessing, the Birkat Hamazon What does each blessing mean? What does this tell us about blessings? The only time it says to bless G-d... ְוַאָכְל ָ֖תְּוָשׂ ָ֑בְעָתֵּוּבַֽרְכ ָ֙תֶּאת־יְהָֹ֣וֱה א ֶ֔הַי עָל־ה ָ֥אֶרַץ הטּ ָֹ֖בֲה א ֶ֥שָׁר נַֽתָן־לֽ׃ You shall eat and be full, and you shall bless Hashem your God for the good land which He has given you. What does it mean to bless? Praise Bless We can bless G-d??? Berachot 7a Similarly, it was taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha, the High Priest, said: Once, on Yom Kippur, I entered the innermost sanctum, the Holy of Holies, to offer incense, and in a vision I saw Akatriel Ya, the Lord of Hosts, one of the names of God expressing His ultimate authority, seated upon a high and exalted throne (see Isaiah 6). And He said to me: Yishmael, My son, bless Me. I said to Him the prayer that God prays: “May it be Your will that Your mercy overcome Your anger, and may Your mercy prevail over Your other attributes, and may You act toward Your children with the attribute of mercy, and may You enter before them beyond the letter of the law.” Rekanati, Taamei Hamitzvot pg. 11 What is the context? Remember the long way that the LORD your God has made you travel in the wilderness these past forty years, that He might test you by hardships to learn what was in your hearts: whether you would keep His commandments or not. -
11 Menachem Av 5781 July 20, 2021 Sukkah Daf 13
11 Menachem Av 5781 Sukkah Daf 13 July 20, 2021 Daf Notes is currently being dedicated to the neshamah of Tzvi Gershon Ben Yoel (Harvey Felsen) o”h May the studying of the Daf Notes be a zechus for his neshamah and may his soul find peace in Gan Eden and be bound up in the Bond of life Rav Gidal said in the name of Rav: One is allowed to use eizov that has a modifying name.3 Abaye answers: Whatever offshoots from a young palm tree for s’chach even though had different names prior to the Giving of the Torah, and yet they are bound together (and therefore appear like a the Torah makes specific mention of the general name, bundle). The reason for this ruling is because bundles that are obviously [the intention is to exclude such of the species naturally made are not regarded as bundles. And even if he which] have modifying names; but these4 did not have later binds them all together (he is allowed to use them), different names before the Giving of the Torah at all. Rava because a binding of one [object] does not constitute a answers that these herbs are simply maror, and the reason bundle. (13a1) they are referred to as maror of the marsh is merely on account of the location where one can find such maror. (13a1 Rav Chisda said in the name of Ravina bar Shila: One is - 13a2) allowed to use stalks of cane plants for s’chach, even though they are bound together, because bundles that are naturally Rav Chisda said: The binding of one thing [to itself] is not made are not regarded as bundles. -
Mishnah: the New Scripture Territories in the East
176 FROM TEXT TO TRADITION in this period was virtually unfettered. The latter restriction seems to have been often compromised. Under the Severan dynasty (193-225 C.E.) Jewish fortunes improved with the granting of a variety of legal privileges culminating in full Roman citizenship for Jews. The enjoyment of these privileges and the peace which Jewry enjoyed in the Roman Empire were·· interrupted only by the invasions by the barbarians in the West 10 and the instability and economic decline they caused throughout the empire, and by the Parthian incursions against Roman Mishnah: The New Scripture territories in the East. The latter years of Roman rule, in the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba Revolt and on the verge of the Christianization of the empire, were extremely fertile ones for the development of . The period beginning with the destruction (or rather, with the Judaism. It was in this period that tannaitic Judaism came to its restoration in approximately 80 C.E.) saw a fundamental change final stages, and that the work of gathering its intellectual in Jewish study and learning. This was the era in which the heritage, the Mishnah, into a redacted collection began. All the Mishnah was being compiled and in which many other tannaitic suffering and the fervent yearnings for redemption had culmi traditions were taking shape. The fundamental change was that nated not in a messianic state, but in a collection of traditions the oral Torah gradually evolved into a fixed corpus of its own which set forth the dreams and aspirations for the perfect which eventually replaced the written Torah as the main object holiness that state was to engender. -
Talmudic Metrology IV: Halakhic Currency
Talmudic Metrology IV: The Halakhic Currency Abstract. In 66 B.C.E. Palestine entered under Roman protection and from 6 C.E. on it would be under Roman administration. This situation persisted until the conquest by the Persians in the beginning of the seventh century. The Jerusalem Talmud was thus completely elaborated under Roman rule. Therefore, as for the other units of measure, the Halakhik coinage and the Jerusalem Talmudic monetary denominations are completely dependent on Roman coinage of the time and Roman economic history. Indeed, during the first century Tyrian coinage was similar to the imperial Roman coinage. Nevertheless, during the third century the debasement of Roman money became significant and the Rabbis had difficulty finding the Roman equivalents of the shekel, in which the Torah obligations are expressed and of the prutah, the least amount in Jewish law. In this article we describe the Halakhik coinage, originally based on the Tyrian coinage, and examine the history of the Shekel and the Prutah. We then examine the exegesis of different Talmudic passages related to monetary problems and to the Halakhic coinage, which cannot be correctly understood without referring to Roman economic history and to numismatic data that was unknown to the traditional commentators of the Talmud. Differences between parallel passages of both the Jerusalem and the Babylonian Talmud can then be explained by referring to the economical situation prevailing in Palestine and Babylonia. For example, the notion of Kessef Medina, worth one eighth of the silver denomination, is a Babylonian reality that was unknown to Palestinian Tanaïm and Amoraïm. -
Shavuot-Night Print & Learn-Along
Toco Hills 2020 Shavuot-Night Print & Learn-Along Dear all, Chag Sameach and Happy Zman Matan Torateinu to you and your families! On most years many of us would be spending tonight together, learning Torah in the shul. Unfortu- nately we cannot be physically together again yet, but in the spirit of Har Sinai, where the Jewish people were k’ish echad b’lev echad, we wanted to try and recreate that experience as much as possible. Hence, the learn-along was born, a way for us all to learn together, even while apart. In this packet please find six shiurim, prepared by community members, each in their own particular style and manner, just as they would have given them in shul if they were able. Just print them out before Yom Tov and learn-along at your own pace. Feel free to only “attend” the ones you like, and to sneak out in the middle for some cheesecake and cof- fee. And the best part is, if you do fall asleep in the middle, no one will ever know :) TABLE OF CONTENTS The Residual Holiness of the Beth Jacob Parking Lot & Reflections On My Return to Minyan .................................................................... 3 By Rabbi Nachi Friedman 7 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... כי אם בתורת ה’ חפצו By Ari Leifer One, Two, Skip A Few … Ninety-Nine, One Hundred ...................................................................................................................................... -
Perek X Daf 110 Amud A
NOTES Rav Naĥman said that the verse said: “It was a night of watching ָא ַמר ַרב ַנ ְח ָמן: ָא ַמר ְקָרא: ֵ״ליל Some com- to the Lord” (Exodus :), which indicates that Passover night : ֵליל ַה ְמ ׁש ּו ָּמר ּו ָבא – A night that remains guarded ׁ ִש ּמוִרים״ – ֵליל ַה ְמ ׁש ּו ָּמר ּו ָבא ִמן mentaries explain that this night remains guarded throughout is a night that remains guardedN from demons and harmful H ַה ַּמִזּ ִיקין. history, as it is set aside as the time of redemption for the Jewish people. Therefore, there is no concern for danger on spirits of all kinds. Th erefore, there is no cause for concern about this night (see Rashi tractate Rosh HaShana 12b). Alternatively, this form of danger on this particular night. the verse states with regard to this night: “The night shines Rava said a diff erent answer: Th e cup of blessing for Grace aft er ָר ָבא ָא ַמר: ּכוֹס ׁ ֶשל ְּבָר ָכה ִמ ְצ ָטֵרף like the day” (Psalms 139:12), i.e., demons have no power at -Meals on Passover night is used in the performance of an addi ְל ָטוֹבה, ְו ֵאינוֹ ִמ ְצ ָטֵרף ְלָר ָﬠה. ָר ִב ָינא .(that time (Iyyun Ya’akov Because safety is guaranteed on this night, the custom in -tional mitzva and is not simply an expression of freedom. Th ere ָא ַמר: ַאְר ָּב ָﬠה ָּכ ֵסי ַּת ִּק ּינו ַר ָּב ַנן ֶ ּדֶר ְך many communities was to leave one’s doors unlocked as an fore, it combines with the other cups for the good, i.e., to fulfi ll ֵח ּירות, ָּכל ַחד ְו ַחד expression of trust in God, as the Jews were redeemed due the mitzva to drink four cups, and it does not combine for the to their faith (ge’onim).