16674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HUD ANNOUNCES RESEARCH PROJ­ fectiveness and possible improvement in ther, though Mac still had much to do, and ECT DESIGNED TO TAILOR PRO­ HUD programs. the ability to do it, a lot of grain had been GRAMS TO NEEDS OF SMALL The end product of this study will include garnered. I know of little of his successful three reports, devoted mainly to ( 1) an railroad work. I saw hlm as a conservationist TOWNS analysis of the basic characteristics, capa­ and a legislator. bilities, and perceived problems of the small We first met as members of the now dis­ HON. JOE L. EVINS communities selected for study; (2) a state­ banded Bannock County Sportsmens Associa­ ment of the problems and needs of the se­ tion. We both shifted to the South End OF TENNESSEE lected small communities as analyzed by the Idaho Rod & Gun Club, ably organized and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES research teams; and (3) an analysis of Fed­ still competently led by Bill Reynolds. Thursday, June 19, 1969 eral resources, both current and potential, Mac was a born-and-bred natural re­ for meeting the needs and problems· of small sources booster. He was a natural for State Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, communities. Senator. During his two sessions, he did as I am pleased to report that the Depart­ The study also will investigate the possi­ much for conservation as anyone could do. ment of Housing and Urban Develop­ bility of developing a broadly based small I can be plenty critical of politicians. "Horse ment appears to be devoting more of its community profi~e for use by HUD in fur­ trading" is inevitable, but can get disagree­ ther studies of small communities. Recom­ able. Mac was a sharp trader. He kept no resources to programs and policies de­ mendations will be made on the feasibility spavined mounts. Though his Irish wit was signed to assist our smaller communities of using a standardized profile form for con­ charming, his stance was solid as the moun- in achieving growth and progress. tinuing studies, the types of information ' tains he protected. And his stature matched This effort is directly related to the which should be included based upon this re­ his mountains. He made no legislative blun­ solution of the problems of our larger search effort, and the ways in which existing ders as I saw them. And _I watched! cities and metropolitan areas because, information can be supplemented through His friends, his Legislature, and his Idaho as we all know, the lack of economic de­ these techniques. will miss Tom McAteer. Repeat, his work velopment and employment opportuni­ The study will be supervised by HUD's was not done, but he accomplished more Office of Small Town .Services. This office was than most of us can in the time that he ties in our small town and rural areas created to sharpen HUD's focus on less popu­ had. It was rewarding to work for 20 years have helped to create the outmigration lous communities and to improve the de­ With a gentleman of such high caliber. which has intensified the problems in our livery of program information and technical Idaho's renewable natural resources are her cities. assistance to small town officials. It also has most valuable possessions. Mac's influence In this connection HUD has just an­ the responsibility for recognizing and ana­ on them will remain long after he and the nounced a $150,000 research project de­ lyzing needs of small cities and coordinating rest of us are fO!l'gotten. And he will not be Federal, State, local and private efforts to forgotten for a long time. signed to determine how HUD programs meet those needs. can be made more effective in our smaller communities. Because of the interest of my col­ leagues and the American people in this PROFESSIONALPAYANDCONTINUA­ matter of rural-w·ban balance, I place DEATH OF TOM McATEER, IDAHO TION BONlJSES FOR JUDGE AD­ a copy of the press release concerning STATE SENATOR VOCATES IN THE UNIFORMED this research project in the RECORD: SERVICES BETTER DELIVERY OF HUD PROGRAMS TO SMALL TOWNS Is OBJECT OF STUDY HON. FRANK CHURCH OF mAHO HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN . How Federal urban programs should be OF WEST VmGINIA modified to support desir.a.ble improvements IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in community life in small towns is the goal Thursday, June 19, 1969 . .. o! a $150,000 research effort announced today Thursday, June 19, 1969.. by Secretary George Romney o! the U.S. De­ Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I have partment of Housing and Urban Develop- just lost, and the State of Idaho has Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, I have ment. · lost, a fine and good friend. He was Tom today introduced legislation authorizing The research will be carried out by the McAteer, a State senator from Bannock professional pay and continuation Jacobs Company, Inc., of Chicago, Ill., a bonuses for judge advocates in the uni­ management consultant firm specializing in County-a railroad man, a sp<>rtsman, all aspects of public administration and fi­ and a courageous conservationist. form services. nance. The firm will study the physical, so­ I have wanted, for a long time, to sa­ In doing so, I want to note that reten­ cial, economic and governmental needs of lute his work and his fine Irish integrity. tion of military attorneys has been dras­ small communities and make recommenda­ Now-when he is gone-r come to the tically low in the Armed Forces for a _tions for adapting or developing HUD and task and find that our mutual friend, number of years and, as a consequence, other Federal programs to effectively meet Pierre Pulling, has captured in words the ·services are woefully undermanned ·such needs. what I have long felt about Tom. in the middle grades, that is, senior In announcing the one-year contract, Sec­ captains, majors, and junior lieutenant retary Romney said that "properly designed Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ programs of assistance, geared specifically to sent to have printed in the RECORD this colonels. If this trend continues--and small communities, could result in substan­ eloquent tribute by Pierre Pulling to this there is no reason to expect it will not-­ tial benefits both to present residents and important man, published in the Inter­ the Armed Forces will, in the near future, to those members of our rapidly increasing mountain Observer of June 14, 1969. be staffed with the judge advocate de­ and shifting population who would be at­ There being no objection, the- article partments consisting almost exclusively tracted by the presence of econmnic, physi­ of very junior officers. To illustrate this, cal and social improvements in small-town was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, America." as follows: 62 percent of the Army's current judge Secretary Romney noted that there are a TOM MCATEER advocate manning consists, of lawyers variety of unmet needs among communities (By Pierre Pulling) with less than 3 years of legal experience. with populations under 50,000 which have The sudden death of Pocatello's Sen. I should further point out that the Mili­ not received adequate attention from other Thomas McAteer was a jolt. It was not tary J:u$tice .Act of 1968, which becomes governmental levels. reaJ.ly surprising. Mac had been a strong effective August 1, 1969, requires 744 "Until now," he said, "no systematic study man, and still seemed to be strong. But.he more experienced lawyers in the services rela.ting the small town in the United States had had a heart condition for some time, to implement it in accord with the con­ and the means to gain the most .effective and everyone knows about strong men with gressional mandate. You will note that I benefits from HUD and other Federal pro­ weak hearts. They go out fast when they grams has been undertaken." go. said 744 additional experienced lawyers, The Jacobs Company will employ the sys­ There is a faint silver lining under the those in the grades which I have already tems analysis expertise of the Planning Re­ cloud. Mac was an enthusiastic field sports­ pointed out as beiilg woefuily under­ ~arch Corporation to assure a comprehen­ Inan, and he was on a fishing trip at the manned and for which there currently sive, indepth analysis of the -small commu­ drop-out. It's the way most of us would seems to be no near-term possibility of nlty, its problems and its needs, and the ef- choose when we must Cross The Bar. Fur- alleviating without additional in,centives. June 19, '1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16675 With regard to the bill I am introduc­ There being no objection, the state­ in Paris, where they have been content so far to keep the peace talks bogged down in ing, I invite my colleagues' attention to ment and editorial were ordered to be a tiresome dialectic. They might also re­ the remarks in the RECORD by Mr. OLSEN printed in the RECORD, as follows: spond on the battlefield. Military sources in of Montana un May 27, 1969. Ir.. them, he WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS IN VIETNAM Saigon expect a new enemy offensive, per­ graphically outlined the great disparity Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, when Presi­ haps by the end of the month. If the ;Com­ between the pay of uniformed attorneys dent Nixon announced the withdrawal munists earnestly desire peace, then let it to that of their civil service and civilian of 25,000 troops from Vietnam, I supported begin here. One word from Hanoi, and the counterparts. In point fact, a lawyer the President's measure. It is a risk, but it proposed offensive could be stopped. major's top pay, even including the July again demonstrates America's desire for By the same token, one word from Wash­ 1, 1969, pay raise, ranges up to $5,000 per peace. If North Vietnam does not reciprocate, ington and the awesome, irresistible mili­ then further withdrawals should be care­ tary power of the United States could be year less than his civil service counter­ fully reconsidered. brought to bear on North Vietnam-not in part or a civilian practitioner with like It is a calculated risk which is made pos­ hesitant half measures, but ·in an unre­ experience. sible pnly because of the Nixon Administra­ stricted onslaught that would reduce the Attracting and retaining competent tion's vigorous efforts to step up the train­ enemy's major cities and ports to rubble lawyers presents a serious problem much ing and equipping of the South Vietnamese and obliterate North Vietnam's capacity to like the case of physicians. For, unlike troops. If the bombing halt and the with­ make war. Let us wait for some sign from the other skills in which the services may drawal of these troops does not convince Hanoi, if that is the President's decision, Hanoi to negotiate for peace, then the world but let us not wait forever. If Hanoi wants have retention problems, service lawyers war, then let us see that it is war she get s. In should be convinced once again that Hanoi are trained at their own expense. point does not want peace. of fact, the Armed Forces are prohibited Mr. President, the State newspaper in by law from training them. And, even South Carolina reflects these views in an DANGER TO OUR CIVIL RIGHTS after the Armed Forces recruit young excellent editorial. The distinguished Editor, lawyers and develop them to the point Mr. William D. Workman, Jr. states: of full productivity, the services presently "Does Hanoi want. peace? Then let the HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON have ·no inducements which will attract Communists respond to this overture by OF CALIFORNIA some show of accommodation. • . • Let us them to a military career. IN THE HOUSE.OF REPRESENTATIVES Lawyers, as they mattire and gain ex­ wait for some sign from Hanoi, if that is the President's decision, but let us not walt for­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 perience, increase in ability and effec­ ever. If Hanoi wants war, then let us see that tiveness. Actually, most of them reach it is war she gets." Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. their most productive years when those Speaker, I would like to call to the at­ in most other skills and professions have ONE MoRE GESTURE tention of my colleagues a resolution passed their peak or nearly reached the The decision has been made to scale down which was recently adopted by the Colin­ age of retirement. the u.s. garrison in Vietnam, and hopes for ell for Civic Unity in San Francisco with Nor is special pay or continuation peace have taken wing again. It is the nature regard to the growing movement seek­ bonuses for special skills or profes-sions of hope, a-s Alexander Pope observed, to ing abolition of the Emergency Deten­ a novelty. Military physicians and den­ spring eternal. And it is the nature of the tion Act, subtitle II of the Internal Se- tists are currently authorized-depend­ enemy in Vietnam, one remembers glumly, curity Act of 1950. · · to accept whatever ~oncessions are . offered ent on the~r grade and experience-$100 and to give nothing in return. The resolution, with which I am in to $350 per InQnth plus longevity pay This time we are assured, it will be dif­ agreement, points out the grave danger credit and continuation bonuses; vet­ ferent. Already, Paris observers report, the ·to the civil rights of all Americans that erinarians receive $100 a month in extra · enemy is showing a new willingness to nego­ the Emergency Detention Act contains. pay; and there are some 484 designated tiate an end to the war. Just the other day, This act provides that, during periods of service skills and specialities that are ac­ it is said, Hanoi negotiators approached "internal security emergency, any per­ corded special pay and bonuses. Consid­ Washington negotiators and asked for elab­ sori who probably will engage in or prob­ ering' his special educational background oration .on some point raised in the Nixon ably will conspire with them to engage administration's peace proposals. This is and lerigth of training needed to reach widely interpreted as a mark of peaceful •in acts of espionage" can be incarcerated maximum effectiveness, military lawyers intent. in detentio;n camps without a t1ial to es­ stand alone as a group for which there is Perhaps it is, and then again perhaps it tablish his guilt or innocence. neither inducement to enter the service isn't. In Vietnam, history is on the side of Mr. Curt Moody, Council for Civic nor incentive to stay. And, for those serv­ the pessimist. More than once, Hanoi has Unity Director, stated: ices not dependent upon present draft been advertised as mellowing. More than The experience of this coun-try's injustice laws, the inability to attract lawyers will once, Washington has sought to take ad­ to our citizens of Japanese ancestry during become even more aggravated if the vantage of this new reasonableness by mak­ World· war II should be enough to make any ing military concessions. And more than thoughtful person recognize the dangers ot present draft laws are .changed. once, not to say always, Hanoi has proved In conclusion, my bill is an effort to such a law. Justice, if lt is to be meted out, to be just as unreasonable as before. must acknowledge the right of an Individual alleviate the problem of attracting and No better evidence of this comes to mind to his day in court. The law must deal with retaining judge advocates in the Anned than the events surrounding the so-called the individual, not a group identifiable by Forces. I am convinced that, unless bombing halt agreement. Then, too, it was skin color or national origin. drastic measures are taken soon to re­ allege_d that Hanoi stood ready to participate v~rse the sharp decline in the retention in a mutual scaling down of the war. Ameri­ I strongly urge my fellow colleagues of career judge advocates, we will have can bombers were grounded, and American t-o support H.R. 11373 and H.R. 1825, rea.ched a point of no return. hopes for peace took off on gossamer wings. bills which have been introduced and Hanoi had agreed, President Johnson an­ would repeal title II of the Internal Se­ nounced, to desist from attacks on South Vietnamese cities and we had agreed to quit curity Act of 1950. bombing cities in the north. In the end, of The resolution follows: WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS· IN course, the "agreement" was observed to RESOLUTION OF SAN FRANCISCO COUNCIL FOR VIETNAM evaporate. American bombing stopped as CIVIC UNITY promised, but the North Vietnamese soon Whereas as members of the Board of Di­ resumed their shelllng. rectors of the Council for Civic Unity, with Critics of America's Vietnam effort never knowledge of the experience of Japanese­ HON. PAUL J. FANNIN tire of insisting on some show of "good American Citizens in emergency detention, OF ARIZONA faith" by Washington and Saigon; and they we recognize the danger of Subtitle II oi the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES never seem to be discouraged when allled Internal Security Act of 1950 (Emergency concessions lead nowhere. Now, once again, Detention Act), to the civil rights of all Thursday, June 19, 1969 the allies have agreed to de-escalate the Americans, and Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, on behalf war effort--this time on the ground. Twenty­ Whereas, we as American citizens of all n a­ of the Senator from South Carolina (Mr. five thousand Gis soon will be replaced by tionalities, regret that sad part of our recent South Vietnamese tt·oops, and the way is history, and · · THuRMOND), I ask unanimous consent to open for even larger American withdrawals Whereas the Emergency Detention Act pro­ have printed in the RECORD a statement in the next few· months. vides that, during periods of "internal secur­ by him relating to the withdrawal of Does Hanoi want peace? Then let the Com­ ity emergency", any person who probably troops in Vietnam and an editorial en­ munists respond to this overture by some will engage in, or probably will conspire with titled "One More Gesture," published show of accommodation. For a start, they others to "engage in, acts of espionage" can in the Columbia State. might revise their dumb-show performance be incarcerat ed in detention camps, and ·16676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 . Whereas a person detained under the Mrs. Mansfield who served on the faculty hammered from iron made at the mill will be Emergency Detention Act not brought of the university. The president of ~he . to trial under law, but instead will be judged and reveal the skills of the colonial _by a -Prellmlnary Hearing omcer and a National .Association of Women Lawyers, craftsmen~ Detention Review Board, wherein the de­ Miss Ruth Gentry Talley, a Bogalusa at­ Although the mill operated only about tainee must prove his innocence, but the torney, participated in the baccalaureate 20 years, the skills learned at Saugus government is not required to disclose evi­ program. at the university. Additional moved on with the craftsmen to other dence or produce witnesses to justify the celebrations are to be held in Iowa and ironworks being established throughout detention, and other areas throughout the country un­ the Colonies. Whereas said procedures violate all con­ der the auspices of the NA WL to com­ Beginning July 1, this national his­ stitutional guarantees and protections, of democracy, and are unnecessary, as existing memorate this centennial year. torical site will be open to the public, laws and procedures are available and are and I assw·e you that any visitor to the completely adequate to safeguard internal Saugus Iron Works will come away with security, and a profound sense of its historical impor­ Whereas such a law has ominous implica­ SAUGUS ffiON WORKS tance. I am very proud of this fine ex­ tions for the racial and ethnic communities ample of our American heritage, and I because of past history and because of its am certain that I share this pride with approach to justice in group rather than in­ HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD dividual terms, contrary to the best Amel'ican the people of Saugus and the surround­ Oi' MASSACHUSETI'S traditions, Therefore be it ing communities. Resolved, That the Council for Civic Unity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should utilize its available resources to op­ Thut·sday, June 19, 1969 pose this measure and strongly commend the Board of Supervisors of the City and County Mr. MACDONALD of Massachusetts. CONGRESS CAN PREVENT · of San Francisco !or their opposition to Sub­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to call the at­ DEFENSE WASTE title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950, tention of my colleagues to an event of and be it further · historical importance. On June 21, 1969, Resolved, That copies of this resolution be the birthplace of the 319-year-old Amer­ HON. RICHARD BOLLING sent to all members of the Congress and to OF MISSOURI the Board of Supervisors of the City and ican iron and steel industry-the Saugus County of San Francisco. Iron Works in Saugus, Mass.-will be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES come the newest national historical site Thursday, June 19, 1969 of the national park system. I am espe­ cially proud because this landmark is Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, foremost among the public controversies these BELLE A. MANSFIELD located within my congressional district, and I want to thank the Members of days is the matter of defense spending. Congress for approving my bill, H.R. An edit01ial in the Kansas City Star of ~ON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS 3323, which authorized tWs designation June 11, 1969, places the matter in per­ OF MICHIGAN on April 5, 1968. spective. The Defense Department spends, but the Congress appropriates IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Situated on an 8-acre tract on the banks of the Saugus River, 10 miles north the money that is subsequently spent. Thursday, June 19, 1969 of Boston, the ironworks is the restora­ The Congress, because of its unwilling­ Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, 100 tion of one of the earliest integrated iron ness to reform and improve its pro­ years ago, on June 18, 1869, Belle A. producing communities in North Amer­ cedures must accept a large share of the Mansfield, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, be­ ica. Completed in 1954 after 6 years of responsibility for the present condition. came the first woman to be admitted to extensive research and reconstruction, The editorial follows: the bar in the United States. To honor the restoration was financed by the CONGRESS CAN PREVENT DEFENSE WASTE this centennial year, the National Asso­ American Iron and Steel Institute at a The Inilltary continues to get its lumps, ciation of Women Lawyers, in coopera­ cost of more than $1.5 million. . . with the latest whack coming from Congress's tion with other national women's The original Saugus Iron Works, built joint econoinic subcommittee on ec.onomy organizations has sponsored signficant in government. That bipartisan group of in 1650-130 years before the Revolu­ senators and representatives, headed by Sen. programs in each of the 50 States. As a tionary War-was considered the indus­ William Proxmire (D-Wis.) , has charged the woman lawyer, I am especially proud to trial wonder of its day. Its operations Defense department with wasting untold bring attention to this historic occasion and equipment compared with the best in billions of dollars on weapons that had to which made possible the many construc­ use in contemporary ironworks of be canceled because they failed to work. The tive contributions by American women Europe. subcommittee put it more formally: in the field of law over the past century. High on a bank above the ironworks "The federal government has not been Arabella Babb Mansfield, more fre­ adequately controlling Inilitary spending. As is the home of the ironmaster. It is the a result, substantial unnecessary funds have quently referred to as Belle A. Mansfield, only original building remaining at the been spent for the acquisition of weapons was the first female American licensed to site. The house was restored in 1915 by systetns and other military hardware ... practice law when the Supreme Court of Wallace Nutting, a noted antiquarian. The wasteful, ineffi.cient practices uncovered the State of Iowa on June 18, 1869, For several years following the res­ raised basic questions concerning the De­ granted such admission. Mrs. Mansfield toration of the ironmaster's house, at­ fense department's management of its own was a graduate of Iowa Wesleyan and tempts were made to move it to Green­ affairs . . . The absence of effective cost studied law with her brother in the law controls . . . has resulted in a vast subsidy field Village at Dearborn, Mich. Local res­ for the defense industry, particularly the omces of a Mount Pleasant firm. idents fought for its retention, and I was larger contractors." At the time o~ Mrs. Mansfield's appli­ privileged to participate in these efforts Every word of this statement and of the cation for admission to the Iowa bar, a to prevent the loss of this truly historic report from which it is taken, could be ab­ statute provided that only white male part of the Seventh Congressional Dis­ solutely correct. But it does not tell the persons could be admitted to the practice trict. whole story. of law. A court decision was necessary The restoration includes a replica of Recently Sen. Stuart Symington (D-Mo.), and this was rendered by the Iowa Su­ the 300-year-old forge where cast iron observed that since the end of World Warn, preme Court stating that "the amrmative this country's taxpayers "have put up 953 ''sow" bars from the furnace were re­ billion dollars for national defense." The tax­ declaration that male persons may be heated and "beaten" into usable payers provided the money, but Congress admitted is not implied denial to the wrought iron. The reconstructed giant appropriated it. So the. question ls: Where right of females.'' The words "white water wheels provide the power for the does the responsibility of Congress end? male" were deleted from the Iowa code mill, the huge forge hammer, and the When it votes ·billions for security? on March 8, 1870. 17-foot bellows at the forge hearths. We think not. The various congressional Today, there are approximately 9,000 In the museum near the ironmaster's committees have large investigative re­ women lawyers in the United States. house are relics -found during the orig­ sources. Yet over the years the committees They have been admitted to all major inal excavation of the original iron­ concerned with military matters ha'!e ·gen­ law schools and are practicing in every erally accepted __ the recommendatio~ . of the works. Here sections of the preserved Defense department-ox: at ~east tlJ.ose ap­ State in the Union. water wheel constructed three centuries proved by the armed services committeE1S­ The commencement theme of Iowa ago still show the craftsmanship of an with little question. Nor has Congress in­ Wesleyan University this June honored early millwright. Tools on display were sisted on tight procurement practices in- June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS - 16677 eluding a much greater proportion of con­ tematically reduced just as surely as if the If additional evidence of urgency is needed, tracts let by bidding instead of by negotia­ government were annually confiscating a consider these figures. There is present back­ tion. regular percentage. log of active authorized civil works projects Only in recent months, buffeted by the Any deflationary program is very painful. not yet under construction of the following: disillusionment of the Vietnam war, have No one has devised a system of deflation 114 Navigation Projects Costing $4,355,- members of Congress in general shown much which is pa-inless or popular. But deflate we 000,000. interest in challenging the multibillion­ must if we are to recover control of our 281 Flood Control Projects Costing $4,061,- dollar defense programs presented to them. domestic economy. And so, important water 000,000. And in the most noted instance-that of the programs such as that of the Corps must be 17 Multiple Purpose Projects costing $1,- antiballistic missile proposal-the challeng­ reduced to the real danger point. Appropria­ 200,000,000. ing is as much for reasons of political ide­ tions are cut, programs are stretched out and 40 Beach and Erosion control projects cost­ ology as for concern over the huge amounts delayed. Important progress to meet the ing $60,500,000. of tax dollars involved. needs of our people is very seriously impeded. A total of 452 economically sound Corps­ We do not suggest that the Pentagon is Then, it is evident, the programs are dealt only projects, not yet under construction, blameless in frittering away some of the a further and very serious adverse blow by totalling ... nearly $10,000,000,000. funds it seeks for the defense program. But the spiral of rising costs. Reduction in appro­ No one caJl justly argue that the Northwest we do not ·see a solution in any attempt by priations, d~lays in appropriations, and has not and is not getting its fair share of Congress to hold military planners alto­ stretching out programs makes them much the total national sum spent in this area. gether responsible. The lawmakers them­ more costly. Thus necessary procedures to Even this year about 20% of the total Corps selves--not men in uniform or their civilian attempt to cure inflation in the end offer construction budget is for the North Pacific chieftains--control the pursestrings. substantial fuel to the cycle, thus one feeds division. Most of thls is, of course, being in­ UntU Congress accepts and acts upon its the other, on and on. vested in the very large dams. responsibility for spending only what is Let's examine the details of where the Our national water development needs are necessaey for defense, the conditions de­ Corps program presently rests. Remember, I increasing -even at a steeper rate than we scribed by Senator Proxmire's subcommittee am now making reference only to projects of are decreasing our expenditures. will continue to prevail. No amount of con­ the Corps of Engineers: Other agencies deal­ It is projected that the continental United demnation of the actual spenders can alter ing with our water resources, including the States alone will have a population of 300 the fundamental, all-important fact that lt Bureau of Reclamation, have their own fund­ million by 1995 and 400 million by 2020. is Congress that votes them the money to ing problems, which are comparable to those Most of this fantastic increase will be cen­ spend-much too often without insisting of the Corps. tered in the large cities and their environs. on effective safeguards against mismanage­ Looking at the Corps construction requests These large urban centers currently contain ment and waste. under the Nixon budget, we find that the about 72 per cent of our population in a land total is just barely $627 Million. The Johnson area of 2 to 3 per cent. · budget figure represented a cut of $96 Mil­ The increasing growth of these areas can lion below the previous year. The Nixon ad­ only bring about more critical water and ADDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN WEN­ ministration made an additional $142 million land use problems. Because our nation's DELL WYATT BEFORE THE cut. The resulting $627 million budget re­ water concentration areas do not conform quest is 27% less than the current fiscal year. to the areas of population concentration, in NORTHWEST RIVERS AND HAR­ This is the Corps' lowest request for con­ many areas in the near future it will be BORS CONGRESS struction funding in the past eleven years. necessary to store, divert and redistribute General Koisch, in his testimony this spring available water supplies to make it available before the House Public Works Appropria­ in the urban locales. These mounting prob­ HON. JOHN_R. DELLENBACK tions subcommittee, pointed out that in con­ lems will mean concentrated and coopera­ OF OREGON sideration of the increased construction costs, tive efforts at local, state and Federal levels IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this year's program actually represents a cut if growing ·industry and increased popula­ back of 42% from the 1967level. He correctly tion are to be served. Thursday, June 19, 1969 adds that if funding continues at this level, Despite the tremendous benefits being Mr. DELLENBACK. Mr. Speaker, last we are going to be faced with a most serious realized from the Corps flood control proj­ week my able colleague in the House situation in water resource development. ects, the assessment forecasts a rise in Testimony before this committee clearly annual flood damage from $1.7 billion in · from Oregon's First District, the Hon. indicates that one and one half billion 1966 to $5.0 billion by 2020, based on the WENDELL WYATT, addressed the North­ dollars, nearly three times that proposed, _current status of protection works. west Rivers and Harbors Congress meet­ should be appropriated this year to maintain Projections show the scope of future needs. ing at Salishan on the Oregon coast. His the Corps' current development schedule. In 50 years the tonnage carried on our water­ remarks were well made and should be of The need for expansion, rather than re­ ways will increase 6 times what ·it is today. interest to every Member who is con­ duction, of funds for water resources pro­ Pleasure craft for water sports and recrea­ cerned with the orderly development of grams was amply shown by the testimony of tion will increase from today's 8 million to over 1,500 witnesses before the Public Works 30 million. This increased density of traffic our water resources, and so I am placing Committee. The witnesses, testifying in re­ means major improvements must be made his speech in the RECORD. gard to this year's appropriation bill, were to provide for safe and efficient handling of AnDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN WENDELL WYATT, requesting funds for unbudgeted projects and all this water traffic. REPUIILICAN OF OREGON, BEFORE THE NORTH• for increasing amounts on already-budgeted The same holds true for our future needs WEST RIVERS AND HARBORS CONGRESS, SALI­ programs and projects. Over 150 Members of in the areas of hydro-power, water oriented SHAN LODGE, OREG. Congress were among those witnesses. recreation, and protection from erosion. No where is there more dramatic evidence Only after a most thorough and exhaustive We have massive problems in the water of the failure and tragedy of the so-called study and review have these projects been resources development field today. But, "guns and butter" policy than in the pro­ authorized by Congress for funding. This looking at these projections, it is apparent posed spending program of .the Corps of study must include full assurances of the that these problems are tiny compared to Army Engineers for the coming fiscal year. economic justification for undertaking the what they will be in the near future. Some The conduct of the limited Vietnam war work. of the most immediate needs can be met under such circumstances has resulted in Each project must have been carefully re­ through projects already approved by Con­ a deeply discouraging quagmire, the release viewed by the concerned Federal agencies, gress. But, in the long run, our greater needs from which we are battling literally with and cleared with related agencies. Then they must be anticipated, and plans formulated our lives to achieve. must have been studied by the appropriate through an intensive investigation program. The business-as-usual attitude during this legislative committees of the Congress before Each year we must delay costs us dearly period on the American domestic scene re­ they receive authorization. Each project must in terms of production and income. But sulted in repeated huge budget deficits, conform to stringent criteria to make sure overall it costs even more. The cost of con­ topped by the deficit of more than $25 Billion that the benefits to result from the project struction is rising swiftly. According to the in fiscal 1968. This in turn has been the heart justify the expense. Many of these projects Association of General Contractors of Amer­ of the wave of inflation which has practically also require solid assurance of local coopera­ ica, construction which might have been engulfed us. As a result of necessary efforts tion before construction begins, including completed by 1955 had risen 40% in cost by to attempt to withdraw our economy from the commitment of the affected community 1965. And the inflation spiral continues to the pressures of inflation, the Corps of En­ to possible repayment of funds from benefits climb. When we are forced by present cir­ gineers under the Nixon Administration has derived from the project such as from water cumstances to put off those works we could submitted the most austere budget in recent supply and irrigation. have completed in the 1960's, the financial memory. This has been necessary to protect This year the Appropriations Committee burden of cost inflation wlll have tre­ and preserve the value of the dollar. has felt it is justified in funding new projects mendously increased by the 1970's. Combined Inflation is rampant. It is eating steadily only on a very limited basis, due to the tight with the loss of benefits from the delay, we away at the resources of those who are least monetary situation. It has had to take this will have been doubly penalized for having able to afford it, as well, certainly, at the re­ attitude despite the obvious justification and put off needed works. sources of each· American. Savings accounts, urgent need for the many projects coming One of the most serious barriers to creating U.S. bonds, and life insurance have been sys- before it for funds. informed public awareness of the water re- ·16678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 · ~urce development area I.s the omni-present, method of computation 1s that funds used has been printed in a booklet, along we)l~~J?.Ced etforts of various special inter­ . to finance Federal projects are received from with copies o-f official letters they re­ est groups who maintain a continutpg prop­ aganda camp_aig:p. .in the e:(rort to throw the private sector, and would be used for pri- ceived upon their naturalization, as well vate investment if the projects were not as pictures of theil.• ancestors, some of . certain pha.s~ ot; this program into a bad built. Further, it considers the full Fed- light. eral cost of the funds .as a resultant loss the pictures having been taken on the The te_rm "pork barrel" has been· useq by in the private sector of our economy. An ap- battlefields of Europe. these interests to brand particular projects plication of this theory would raise the dis- Following is the text of the letter from to which they are opposed ~nd, .indeed, the count/ interest rate for project evaluation Vladislav and Anna Dujovic to their son, entire resource program. The ability and in­ from the current level of about 4 and five- · Borislav, upon his graduation this week- tegrity of the Corps of Engineers and other eighths (%) to between 10 and 15%. · end. agencies are impugned. Congress ~ charged According to Senator Proxmlre, the use of · with waste, foolhardy ~?pending, and some­ this 10 to 15% factor would have resulted M~ DEAR SoN BoRISLAV: times even worse. in benefitjcost ratios of less than 1 to i for ~you graduate from high school, I would · Suspicion and confusion in the public mind such projects as the minois and Missouri like to express how very happy and over­ over water resource development can, in levee system, the cross Florida Barge canal, whelmed with genuine fatherly joy I am, many instances, be pinpointed as coming the Arkansas River Project and the Kaskaskia and I heartily congratulate you tor having from sensationalist elements in the press. River project. Under this system, then, these ~een able to finish your high school studies "Pork barrel" grabs reader interest in head­ projects would all have been scrapped, along successfully. Your mother and sister, Vera, lines much more quickly than "Water Re­ with the others. are also delighted and sincerely happy; both source Development." Implications of Con­ A massive and challenging task in develop- of them congratulate you also. gressional horse trading and favorittsm can ing its water resources confronts the na- Dear Borislav, on this solemn occasion I be used much more readily to attract read­ tion. With vigor, vision, and determination, would like to remind you of some moments ership than can a responsible analysis of a the job can be done. But 1n our path are and events in the history of our family which particular project. This biased, slanted ap­ great difficulties. Difficulties of straining to do might be necessary and valuable for you proach to reporting can only mislead the the maximum under the most possible dif- throughout the course of your life. I firmly public and distract it from the true import ficult conditions. we are paying the penalty believe that any young man should know the of the water resources development program. for past economic mistakes. we must re-di- origin of his own family and his remote an­ When the government becomes suspect 1n rect our priorities to permit the required Job cestors. In your case, this is a long, glorious this critical area, it can only deter us from to be accomplished. story. Our ancestors belong to Montenegro essential work. Only by joining together can we be sue- (Crna Gora), now a southern state of Yugo- And it ls clear above all that, despite this cessful. slavia. In 1912 two small countries on the kind of press, our needs and performance Balkan Peninsula, Serbia and Montenegro in the water resource field wlll stand the most fought for their freedom against the Turkish critical and careful scrutiny, 1f the a.nal.ysis and obtained it. Not only Montenegro and is fair, and the comment truthful.· For the NATURALIZED CITIZENS EXPRESS Serbia, but also Greece and Bulgaria joined truth is that no other area of Federal con­ GRATITUDE IN UNUSUAL LE'ITER us to crush and put down the Turks, which cern is· subject to more thorough review, TO THEIR SON AT GRADUATION after five centuries freed the Balkan Area more careful control and more competent !rom Turkish rule. At that time, this Chris­ and in-depth study than is our water re­ tian unity and alliance had been a glorious source development program. triumph of all Christian people living in the The simple knowledge of this truth, sad HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Balkan Peninsula. This was known as the to say, is not enough. Knowing the excellent OF NEW YORK Balkan War. judgment and performance of the Corps of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hardly one year had passed since the peo­ Engineers is not enough. Assurance of a care­ ple in Serbia and Montenegro were left in ful and objective review of Corps findings Thursday, June 19, 1969 peace, when in July 1914, the Austro-Hun­ in the Congress is not enough. Knowledge Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, in this garian Empire declared war on Serbia. Im­ of the checks and balances and the many commencement period, graduates and mediately Montenegro went to help Serbia. considerations that go into preparing the This had been the beginning of the First budget for these works is not enough. their families have mixed feelings. For World War. Besides Austro-Hungary, our It is our duty to bring this knowledge into most families, it is a time of great pride enemies had been Germany, Turkey and later the open ... to apprise our publlc of these in their loved ones. For most graduates, Bulgaria. They were known· as the Central facts ... so they may know, as we do, that it is a time of recognition of scholastic Powers. Our allles became known as the funds spent on water resource development achievement. Great Entente, consisting ol France, Czarist projects are being spent wisely and In the A Buffalo, N.Y., couple, Mr. and Mrs. Russia, .The United States of America, Great advancement of essential national goals. Vladislav A. Dujovic, 224 . Ontario Britain and Italy. This crucial war lasted through four years, and in September 1918 Publlc exposure to the full and honest facts Street, are expressing their pride 1n a of water resource needs Is the perfect counter the war ended with a victory on our side. to the misleading words of the propagandists. special way. Indeed, they are doing so During that time the people of Serbia and And every opportunity must be taken to make through the medium of a very unusual Montenegro became molded into one national these facts known. For without complete tribute to their son, Borislav-Boris­ group, known as Serbs. On behalf of King public confidence in the needs behind our who graduates this weekend from River­ Peter I, the Regent Alexander proclaimed the programs, there Is little hope of bringing side High School in Buffalo. formation of the Kingdom of all Serbs, them into line with our future national re­ The Dujovics, immigrants from Yugo­ Croats, and Slovenes on December 1, 1918. quirements. In the face of an ever-growing This was the time when our country had slavia who were naturalized as Ameri­ begun to be called Yugoslavia. need, without publlc acceptance, we shall can citizens in 1963, have prepared a gain neither increased speed or expanded letter to their son. HITLER-MUSSOLINI PLUNDERING scope in water resource development. DEAR BORIS: when Hitler and Mussolini In the face of what I consider to be an This 1s not an ordinary letter, but it is rather a moving recollection of the hard­ started to ravage and plunder in Europe, as overwhelming case for maximum attention to well as the Japanese in the Far-East, most proposed Corps projects, we have continual ships of the family during the years of of Europe began falling, one · country after pressures from some to change the interest oppression in Europe. another under the forces of Hitler's mllitary rates on re-payment. These proud parents, devoted to theil.· machine. Poland, France, Belgium, the Senator Proxmire of Wisconsin has, several adopted land, remind their son: Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Austria, and times, brought this matter up on the Floor Remember and be proud that your ances­ Czechoslovakia had been victims and prey of the Senate. His proposal involves a sharp tors had always been allled with the United of the Axis Powers. In the southeast part of upward adjustment in the interest/discount States of America and had fought side EU!ope, Hungary joined the Axis Powers rate factor used to estimate costs of Federal by side against all common enemies; they along with Rumania and Bulgaria. Only funding in proposed water resource projects. were bravely fighting and falling, thinking Yugoslavia and Greece remained free for a These estimates_are presently developed from always that they would be victorious. while. Great Britain was fighting hard in the average rate on outstanding long-term the air and warding o1l' the onslaught of the Government indebtedness. The same struggle against the commu­ nists, begun by your ancestors and your German air force. Yugoslavia was encircled As a substitute for this, Senator Prox­ grandfather in Yugoslavia, 1941, had con­ on all sides, except for Greece in the South, mlre would use the much higher estimated tinued with the Americans in Korea, and now by other enemy countries. Hitler gave an ul­ nverage rate of return obtained by private in Vietnam where they are fighting and fall­ timatum to the Yugoslavi~n government, industry. Such a change would charge an ing on the bloody battlefields, well aware urging our country to jolil. the Axis Powers exorbitant interest rate on a potential tm- o! the dangers of communism for all man­ and also urging us to ~How free transpor­ . provement, artificially raising the estimated kind. . tation and the shipments ot war materials cost and apparently making the improvement unjustifiable. through our. country for Rommel's army Mr. Speaker, this unusual graduation fighting in Africa . , . With sorrow Prince · The theory behind Senator Proxmire's letter from grateful parents to their son Paul and Premier Dragisa Cvetkovic signed June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16679 the pact, on March 25, 1941. The Serbian peo­ MmO DUJOVIC IS STAFF CHIEF General Allen Brook, chief of British stat! ple as a whole, though they were helpless, DEAR BoRISLAv: In your ancestral country headquarters; · General Charles de Gaulle, could not reconcile with the shameful event. Montenegro, Aleksa J. Dujovic, county secre­ head of. free France, and General Giraud, The idea of this a.ct of our government tary; George M. Laslc, staff army major; Mil­ commander of French forces in Africa. would betray our old friends and Allies. The ija M. Lasic, professor; Miro V. Dujovic, cap­ In the mountains where the Chetniks had Yugoslav government was overthrown. On tain; Branko Radevic, captain; Pavle Djurisic, their headquarters with Draza Mihailovic, March 27, 1941 a new government, more pa­ captain; and many prominent citizens started parachuted in a British military mission con-' t riotic than the last, had been formed from to take a.ction against the communist move­ sisting of General C. D. Armstrong, Colonel the most prominent political leaders in the ment . . . Dragoljub Draza Mihailovic, who Jasper Rootham and army Major Eric Green­ country. The new Prime Minister was Dusan had already been promoted as a general, and wood. Later an American mission also was Simovic, a general. They proclaimed King nominated by our government in London as parachuted in, consisting of Major Walter Peter n as the legal head of Yugoslavia, al­ the chief of all our fighting forces within the P. Mansfi~ld and Colonel Albert B. Seitza. though he was stm a minor. Yugoslavia de­ borders of Yugoslavia, had nominated staff This time on the part of America and Great clared herself an enemy of the Axis Powers, army Major George M. Lasic as commander Britain, the Chetnik groups of fighting and once again sided with our Allies of World of fighting· forces in Montenegro. Captain forces had been given help in arms, supplies War I . Pavle Djurisic was nominated as a command­ and military foodstuffs, which had been Surreptitiously without declaration of war, er of fighting forces in the valley Lim-Sand­ shipped in by parachutes in the free moun­ on April 6, 1941, the German bombardiers zak. Miro V. Dujovic (picture #3), a 1st class tains ... Nevertheless, Stalin was aware (stukas) began their hellish pouring of Capt-ain of the higher military academy, and that Josip _Broz "Tito" was working fol' bombs over the capital of Yugoslavia, Bel­ Captain Branko Radevic were nominated as him, and with the advice of Winston Church­ grade. The heavy bombardment took place chiefs of staff in command of Montenegro. ill, Tito got ample help. In the territory of very early in the morning at dawn. This was YoUJr grandfather, Aleksa J. Dujovic (picture Croatia, in the communist headquarters, a the same case as in the bombardment of #1) , as the chief of nationalistic propaganda British military mission under Brigadier Pearl Harbor in the Pacific, by the · J:apanese department and adviser in the headquarters Fitzroy Maclean and later Major Randolpll on December 7, 1941. Communists had been for Montenegro, from the beginning, had the Churchill (son of Winston Churchill) was ordered, from Moscow, to aid· the Germans strong belief that we ought to form an or­ parachuted in.... The Chetniks' fighting by sabotaging our armies. At that time, ganization on military grounds to defend all forces had been spread over a great territory Stalin and Hitler were very good friends and of the people against the communists. He of Yugoslavia, and -they were able to help allles by the treaty of friendship signed by called on all people in Montenegro for sup­ a great number of allied aviators, who, after Ribbentrop and Molotov in Berlin, 1939. There port, and convinced them that the Axis Pow­ bombing enemy installations in Rumania, fore, the COmmunists from the very begin­ ers will be defeated and that our allies, Great Bulgaria, Hungary:, as •well as in Yugoslavia, ning were the "Fifth Column" among us; Britain and United States of America will were forced down by enemy guns and com­ going to the aid of the Germans. never allow our country to come under com­ pelled to parachute from their planes. Dur­ ing the war years there had been saved 676 YUGOSLAVIA IS DISMEMBERED munist rule. During that period, the communist fo.rces, Allied aviators, .who gradually were evacuated MY DEAR SoN: I would like to· ten you what to their bases in Italy or elsewhere in the happened to our country hence - forward. along with their· leaders Josip Broz "Tito," Mosa Pljade, Arso and Blazo Jovanovic, Mil­ battlefields. Under the leadership of Josip Yugoslavia was mercilessly dismembered by Broz "Tlto" the communist partisans did the Axis military forces. The victors divided ovan Djilas, and many others who were driven from Serbia l5y the Chetniks into Monte­ not even make an attempt to help downed Yugoslav!a among themselves: The Bulgar­ American fiyers. As an example, this picture ians occupied the cradle of our Serbian Cul­ negro, had massed their forces in and around shows one of the IUany groups of American t_ure, South Serbia (Macedonia); the Hun­ the city of Kolasin. It was belleved that there flyers who were saved by the Chetnik forces. garlans took Serbian Vojvodina, with t.he city had been from 5,000 to 7,000 men. Even CONFERENCE. _IN TEHERAN of Novl Sad, Subotica., Sombot and many though they had already killed many inno­ other towns; Albanian mobs occupied Kosovo cent people in this part of-the country, Alek­ In Teheran, on Novemb~r - 28, 1943, the Big and Methoja along with many countries that sa J. Dujovic and George M. Lasic, on De­ Three: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin had were controlled by the Italian fascists. In cember 8, 194i, tried to reach an agreement · a conference. The Prime minister of Great Croatia, Ante Pavellc, through the aid of the with communist representatives, composed Britain, on advice of his son Randolph Italian fascists and Nazi Germans formed the of Blazo Jovanovic, Mirko Vesovic, Djoko Churchill, who was already in the communist Croatian government and an army which Mlrasevic, and others, at a conference at ptic headquarters along with Stalin, urged them ·became known as the Ustasl. He declared (residence of the Dujovic families), urging to give full support to Joslp Broi "Tito" and ·himself an Axis Power and this declaration them not to plunge the people in Montenegro his "comrades." The Big Three decided to invited war with our allles. His second a.ct into blood, as they were doing. Lasic and drop war supplies to General Draza Mihailo­ was to klll all Serbs, Jews, and gypsies in Dujovic also proposed that the Chetniks and vic; the same had been decided at a con­ Croatia. Over 725,000 people had been killed communists unite together in defeating the ference at Yalta and at Potsdam ... After in the area occupied by the Ustasi. Our ances­ Axis Powers, and afterwards deciding the fu­ Italy surrendered on September, 1943, an tral country, Montenegro (Crna Gora), was ture of Yugoslavia by a free election. This Italian division in Montenegro, by the name under the control of the Italian occupation proposal was rejected by the communist rep­ of Venice, was willing to join the Chetniks troops. Only the pre-Komovo Serbia was left resentatives. Shortly after the conference, and fight together with us against the Ger­ under the German comma.nd in Belgrade, the communist partisans suddenly attacked mans; but after the Teheran conference they after the crushing of our armies on t he border the Chetniks on January 20, 1942. But being suddenly abandoned our fighting forces, and of Yugoslavia. well prepared for action, the Chetniks de­ sided with the communists, even the On April 17, 1941, Yugoslavia was defeated feated the communists badly, forcing Josip wounded Chetniks in hospitals were handed by the Axis Powers. The King and the gov­ Broz "Tito," Mosa Pijade, Blazo Jovanovic, to them. Immediately the communists killed ernment of Yugoslavia fled to Cairo, where Milovan Djilas, and others into refuge in all wounded; among the wounded was Miro the Allied forces were stationed. About Croatia under the Ustasi rule. V. Dujovic (picture No. 3), your close kin. 133,000 of our Yugoslav mllltary forces were WAR IN OCCUPIED YUGOSLAVIA Miro had been sadistically tortured and taken immediately as prisoners, and the re­ Under the leadership and courage of Gen­ butchered. Fh:ially they force a knife through mainder were scattered in Serbia as .well as eral Dragoljub Draza Mihailovic and other his gorge, and dragged him to the left bank in Montenegro. Fortunately, Dragoljub Draza Chetnik leaders, the war was going on in of the Lim River, where his body was put in Mlhailovic, a staff army colonel, was not taken occupied Yugoslavia. Underground Chetnik a marsh. This was just the beginning of the as war-prisoner. On May 8, 1941, Draza Mi­ forces continued to fight ln large and small slaughter of the clan (brotherhood Dujovic. hailovic managed to come to the mountain detachments. They att-acked the occupiers The Dujovic clan had lost 36 members dur­ Ravna Gora, in western Serbia, ·with ·most of and their ga-rrisons all over the country. ing the struggle against the fascist and nazis his regiment intact. He immediately began They destroyed their bridges and . railroad in World War II. Other people from the reorganizing our armed forces. First, he de­ tra.cks. In this way they prevented the enemy Vasojevici tribe also suffered, but the Du­ ployed necessary military action to contact from transporting war materials to Rom­ jovic clan carried one of the greatest bur­ the army officers who did not surrender to mel's armies fighting in Africa. During those dens of suffering and death as never before t he enemy. These underground guerrilla days, many Allied military leaders had in history. The Chief of Staff of Tito's com­ forces known as Chetniks, were· in Serbia praised our Chetnik forces as having greatly munist forces was Peko Dapcevic; when he Rnd Montenegro. contributed to the victory. The first had came from Croatia into Montenegro, he put On June 22, 1944, the German troops re­ been General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the su­ on fire the house of your grandfather, Aleksa ceived orders from Hitler to. attack Russia. preme commander of the Allied fighting J. Dujovic, and slaughtered all in the home. Then Yugoslav communists, under the lead­ forces in North Africa, he said in his lauda­ In the same sense, during the fightipgs ership of Josip Broz "Tito" went into guer­ tory terms "American military fighting forces against the communists, many of your rela­ rilla movement in the mountains. This com­ in Europe and Africa salute their brothers in tives fell in battle among them were young munist guerrilla movement started in the arms." Then Admiral H. Harwood, com­ Lieutenant Dragisa T. Dujovic, (picture No. Serbia and Montenegro areas, which was mander of the Allied fleet in the Mediter­ 4), age 25; Radoje D. Dujovic, age 22; Milan already under the control of the Chetniks. ranean Sea; General Glaude Auchinleck, M. Dujovic, age 19; Millivoje M. Dujovic, age ·At the time, the communists were almost in­ oommander of the British army in the Mid­ 41; and Saleta J. Dujovic, age 24 ..• Your significant, though they started to kill people dle East; Marshal A. W. Tedder, commander grandfather Aleksa J. Dujovic hardly could who were supporting Ch~tniks . of the air fleet in the Mediterranean Sea; face t he tragedy ·of his family and of all the 16680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969

Serbian people, and so he suddenly beca~e any charge or guilt. This took place right declared to them that we wished to em­ very ill. Staff army Major George M. Las1c after Josip Broz "Tito" had taken complete migrate to the Unit-ed States of America. The and most of the top men in the headquarters control .of Yugoslavia. She was tortured se­ American Embassy kindly met our wishes, of Montenegro, Boka and Sanzak were aware verely and died soon after her martydom. Be­ and they allowed us to emmigrate to the that Aleksa was in a critical state of health. fore she died her last prayer had been: "0 United States. All of our family came to so they decided to transfer him to Serbia Almighty God, did my brother Vladislav suc­ America in October 1956, and settled in the with his 18 year old son Vladislav (your ceed in escaping and did he succeed in sav­ City of Buffalo, New York. In October, 1962, father), hoping that in Serbia he will get ing his own life?" all of the Dujovic family became American better medical help. But this had been in STRIVING TO AID OTHERS, TOO citizens. On this solemn occasion the Gover­ vain; Aleksa J. Dujovic died in the city of nor of the State of New York, Nelson A. Negotin on June 26, 1944. Two days before The falling of our Serbian brothers every­ Rockefeller; Walter J. Mahoney; Senator he died Aleksa called a few of his friends where was the price we had to pay to prevent Jacob K. Javits and Senator Kenneth B. and his' son together and told them: "I am from being overtaken by the communists. Keating had expressed the traditional hos­ about to die, and I am glad that I will not At the same time, our people were striving to pitality and their congratulations to the survive to see the total destruction of my help other nations having freedom, as well Dujovic family for becoming American family and my people, whom we ourselves, as ourselves, from falling under the paws of citizens. with the help of our Allies brought to the two monsters of our time-Mussolini and AS YOU GRADUATE TODAY...- Hitler. brink of destruction." Your grandfather ad­ Today, my dear son Boris, while you are vised his son Vladislav to leave our native Dragoljub Draza Milhailovic deciding not to :flee from the country hid himself in the finishing your high school studies with your country in order to escape the death by the fellow students, present wm be only your communist villains •.• At the same time, mountains. He was captured by communists in 1946 and tried. He was found guilty and parents and your sister Vera, without your Germany had suffered a defeat in Africa and many relatives and many dear ones. Your executed by communists on July 17, 1946. Italy, and they were retreating from Greece parents are very happy and congratulate you through Yugoslavia. Josip Broz "Tito" and The injustice made by communists in power ( 1946) toward our supreme commander in for your success, but they are also sorrowful Randolph Churchlll :fled to the Allied military because they can not share their happiness forces in Italy, and from Italy "Tito" fled to occupied Yugoslavia will rest in history as a classic example of the political mistakes of with many of our relatives who would be Russia. When "Tito" arrived in Russia he present if they were not dead. But this should asked Stalin to send General Tolbuhin and the Second World War. The president of the United States of America, Harry S. Truman, not discourage you in the least because you his red army from Bulgaria into Yugoslavia are an American citizen. You should remem­ to help him overtake the opposition. had recognized the contributions of the Serbian people. He recognized the victory of ber and be proud that your ancestors had CHETNIK FORCES DECIMATED all of the fighting forces under General always been Allied with the United States of DEAR BORISLAV: From October 1944 to May Dragoljub Milailovic when he most humanely America and had fought side by side against 1945 the Chetnlk military forces had been decorated this Yugoslav war hero and leader all common enemies: they were bravely fight­ decimated by Germans. Croatian Ustasi, and with the highest medal of order and honor. ing and falling, thinking always that they would be victorious. The same struggle the communists. After concentrating them­ The text of the Presidential citation reads selves in the Bosnian mountains with Draza against the communists, began by your ances­ as follows: tors and your grandfather in Yugoslavia, Mihallovic, they made an effort to meet their "General Dragoljub Mihallovic distin­ a.llies in Italy and Austria by crossing over 1941, had continued with the Americans in guished himself in an outstanding manner Korea, and now in Vietnam where they are wide mountain ranges. On their long journey as Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslavian many died from exposure, starvation, ex­ fighting and falling on the bloody battle­ Army Forces end later as Minister of War by fields, well aware of the dangers of commu­ haustion and typhus. Few groups succeeded organizing and leading important resistance in crossing the Soca River and arriving in nism for all mankind. Now all free men are forces against the enemy which occupied aware that communism is not a myth, but an Italy untouched. Other groups, totaling about Yugoslavia, from December 1941 to December 14,000, reached Austria by crossing the Drava evident well known threat and activity of 1944. Through the undaunted efforts of his criminals, founded on lies, deception, smug­ River. They were met peacefully by British troops, many United States airmen were res­ forces and placed in a refugee camp by the gling, fear, terror, tears and blood among cued and returned safely to friendly control. millions of innocent people in Russia, China, name of Vetrlnje near Celovac. On May 23, General Mihallovic and his forces, although 1945, British commander Major Williams and elsewhere. Today, all men who desire and lacking adequate supplies, and fighting under love freedom and peace will fight for the Jonnson told the refugee troops to prepare extreme hardships, contributed materially to themselves for transfer by train convoys into preservation of these rights. Willingly or un­ the Allied cause, and were instrumental in willingly, communism will come to a con­ Italy where other Chetniks and Royal Yugo­ obtaining a final Allled Victory. March 29, slav forces were ... While on the train the frontation. It is generally known at this time 1948 (Signed) Harry S. Truman." that the white and yellow communism have Chetnik refugees were stopped in a tunnel And from England: "I honout' the memory bordering Austria and Yugoslavia, where nuclear energy to produce better weapons in of Draza Mihailovic as the first leader of na­ fighting, and it will not be easy to fight them 4,500 communist partisans with machine tional resistance to the Nazis within occupied guns were waiting for them. They were taken to their defeat, but at the end they will be Europe. By his courage he set an example destroyed. The Almighty God and justice will in chains and brought in front of a firing which contributed to the ultimate defeat of squad at Kocevje Forest. This sinister deal, prevail and we will win. When you arrive in through British Major William Jonnson, was Germany; and he set it in the darkest and our native country with American fellows as most difficult times. His execution after the made on the part of our Allies. This slaughter victorious men, we ask you, dear Boris, to was handled by communist Colonel Slobodan war was an act of gross and shameful in­ visit the grave of your grandfather and many justice. Oxford, England, April 17, 1966. other of your relatives to tell them these Penezic. You can compare this massacre of (Signed) H. R. TUVOR-ROPER." 14,000 Chetniks (at Kocevje Forest, Yugo­ words: "No, you are not defeated, you have slavia) with the massacre in Poland, at Katin FATHER WAS LONE SURVIVOR won." Congratulations on your graduation. Forest of 10,000 Polish officers by Soviet se­ The only person (among the men) of the With deep parental love and happiness. cret police, at the time when Stalin and Hit­ Dujovic clan, over 17 years of age, who suc­ Yours, ler were allies. ceeded to save his life from communist vil­ VLADISLAV and ANNA DuJOVIC. MY DEAR SoN: You should remember that lains was your father, Vladislav (son of your at Kocevje Forest, members of the Dujovic grandfather Aleksa). On advice given to me clan had also been slaughtered. Among the by Aleksa two days before he died, I pro­ BROADCASTING 25 YEARS ones slaughtered were Mihallo D. Dujovic, ceeded to :flee for Greece through territory age 28; Punisa D. Dujovic, age 23; George B. being held by the Russian troops, Josip Dujovic, age 29; Ljubo B. Dujovic, age 24; Broz "Tito", and Greek partisans led by HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR Luka M. Dujovic, age 34; Vidak M. Dujovic, would-be General Markos. In 8alonlka there OF PENNSYLVANIA age 26; Dusan R. Dujovic, age 17; Djoko V. had been British military forces. I arrived Dujovic, age 29; Djoko S. Dujovic, age 40; there on January 14, 1945. From Salonika the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dimitrije D. Dujovic, age 18; Batric L Du­ British transported me to Italy, where I lived Thursday, June 19, 1969 jovic, age 26; Mlladin I. Dujovic, age 17; several years in the camps of the displaced Laklc I . Dujovic, age 25; Bozida.r R. Dujovic, persons. There, in 1950, I met Anna Vukic Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, this month age 20; Djuro D. Dujovic, age 45; Batric M. (your mother) who also was from Yugoslavia, marks the 25th year of broadcasting by Dujovic, age 40. Milos J. Dujovic (picture and I married her. So, my dear son Borislav, one of America's leading commentators. No. 2, brother of your grandfather Aleksa), you had been born in Italy. At that time, Joseph McCaffrey has been reporting on while crossing through the mountains to­ 1951, there was in Italy a Norwegian com­ the in's and out's and the up's and ward Austria, was captured by German and mission which was connected with the im­ down's of the Washington scene with Croatian Ustasl. Some sources say that Milos migration of displaced persons. And all of was taken to Jasenovac and executed. The the Dujovic family left for Norway after accuracy, rare insight, human compas­ last innocent victim of the Dujovic clan had securing a visa. We arrived in Norway in sion and a fairness that is unequaled. I been your father's sister, 20 year old Emillja September and we settled in Kristlansand,S, hav~ had the distinct pleasure of being A. Dujovic (picture No. 6), the daughter of where later your sister Vera was born. In July, one of his regular listeners for many your grandfather Aleksa. She had been im­ 1955, your mother and father got in touch years and have had the double pleasure prisoned by the communists in 1946 without with the American Embassy in Oslo, and we of appearing on one of his programs. June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1668l Accurate reporting of the myriad ac­ case where the question of separation of it would result in increased employment tivities of the Congress of the United powers (between the legislature and the fed­ in the shipbuilding industry and other eral judiciary) was posed "with such stark industries. States with its 535 individualists, each clarity." one contending for time, space, and at­ Subsequently, the U.S. Court of Appeals Mr. Casey disclosed that 19 shipping tention, is a demanding and incredibly ruled unanimously that Powell could not companies are prepared to build 82 ves­ delicate job. Joe McCaffrey has per­ challenge his ouster in the federal courts. sels costing nearly $1.2 billion, and formed a distinct service to the Nation The presiding member of that three-judge when this program is carried out we will in choosing between the events and per­ panel was Warrent E. Burger, shortly to be be well on our way to cutting down the sonalities for his nightly commentary. seated as Chief Justice of the United States. lead in new merchant ships currently In refusing to intervene, then-Judge enjoyed by the Soviet Union and in main­ In the best tradition of broadcast jow·­ Burger did not dispute the matter of juris­ nalism, he has served the public well and diction. He was motivated by his respect taining our proper place at the top of the Congress is in his debt for such re­ for Congress' right to make its own rules, world shipping. porting. I, along with many other Mem­ and by the practicality of the case-asserted This program would not only re­ bers of both bodies, wish Joe McCaffrey as a matter of constant concern. Speculating habilitate and rivive our shipping and a happy anniversary in broadcasting and about a confrontation (on the separation of shipbuilding industry, but it would spark Godspeed in his continuing service to powers question) he later asked rhetorically: a great deal of additional business for "What if we had ordered the House to seat American ships, hence for American the Nation. Powell, and the House had refused? Could we have sent the Army up Capitol Hill to businesses of all kinds that would be enforce it?" able to rely upon American shipping to POWELL RULING SEEN AS DEFIANT That is among the questions unanswered. carry their goods to all parts of the GESTURE BY RETIRING CHIEF It also relates to the basic question for whose world. JUSTICE EARL WARREN avoidance of a disconcerting area of conflict Let us have the strongest, most mod­ the Founding Fathers spelled out the guid­ ern, and best merchant marine fleet in ing principle of a separation of powers. the world. It will give us needed sea HON. JOE L. EVINS The Supreme Court's (7 to 1) opinion­ Justice Potter Stewart dissenting-was writ­ power. OF TENNESSEE ten and announced by Earl Warren. This was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his last defiant gesture as he prepares to Thursday, June 19, 1969 shed the robes of Chief Justice; to thumb EXPLOSION AT DUPONT his nose not only at Congress, but at the Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, decision, as cited above, of the man who will the Nashville Banner in a recent edi­ succeed him in that top judicial capacity. HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN torial discusses some pertinent and in­ The question now is, if the legislative OF NEW JERSEY teresting points relating to the recent branch in its respective two houses does not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have the powers delegated to it by the Con­ U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the mat­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 ter of Representative ADAM CLAYTON stitution, regarding its own deportment rules and ethical standards, just what powers does Mr. POWELL. it possess? SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ Certainly this case raises some his­ At least 534 members out of 535 in the 9lst day of this week I conducted an on-the­ toric questions in the matter of the re­ Congress must be pondering that question site inspection of the Carney's Point lationship between the judicial and leg­ today. plant of the DuPont Co. in New Jersey, islative branches. which was swept by explosions on June 4. Because of the interest of my col­ Contact also was made with New Jer­ leagues and the American people in this MERCHANT MARINE AND SEA­ sey State and Federal officials who are matter, I place the editorial in the POWER FOR PEACE charged with investigating such trage­ RECORD. dies and their investigations have not The editorial follows: HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN disclosed any explanation for the ex­ SLAP AT CONGRESS AND SUCCESSOR-POWELL plosions. OF MASSACHUSETTS RULING Is WARREN'S FINAL DEFIANT GES­ The Bureau of Engineeting and Safety TURE L~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the New Jersey Department of Labor "Each House shall be the judge of the elec­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 and Industry reports: tions, returns, and qualifications of its own Thorough investigation indicates that the members.•.• Mr. PHn.:BIN. Mr. Speaker, the adop­ fire and explosion did not result from viola­ "Each House may determine the r ·ttles ot tion of the strong bill in behalf of the tions of the Explosives Act or the regula­ its proceedings, punish its members for dis­ modernization and revitalization of tions promulgated by the Bureau under the orderly behavior, and with the concurrence American shipping and our American Act. of two-thirds expel a member." maritime fleet was a great step forward So says the Constitution of the United and I hope it w111 be followed up by every It thus appears that the Du Pont Co., States- which has an outstanding safety record Article 1, Section 5. Notwithstanding additional action this House and the in its operations, took every essential which, the Supreme Court yesterday ruled Congress can take to strengthen our precaution to prevent the tragedy. that the House of Representatives improp­ merchant marine fleet, and bring it up I am satisfied that the company did erly excluded Rep. Adam Clayton Powell to competitive levels that will enable us everything possible to prevent such an (D.-N.Y.) from the 90th Congress in March to regain leadership in this field that we 1967. In the court's view stated: "Since he occurrence and hereby present a de­ are fast losing to the Soviet Union. tailed report furnished me by Du Pont (Powell) was duly elected by the voters of I was pleased to note the optimistic the 18th Congressional District and was not officials: ineligible to serve under any provision of note sounded recently by Mr. Ralph E. REPORT BY Du PoNT the Constitution, the House was without Casey, a Massachusetts native, valued Investigations or on-the-site inquiries by power to exclude him from its membership." friend, and esteemed vice president of Federal and New Jersey State authorities, It is more than a shade diillcult to recon­ the American Institute of Merchant with full cooperation of DuPont representa­ cile the assignment of power asserted by the Shipping, in a speech that he delivered tives-who are conducting their own inves­ Constitution and the judicial ruling of non­ and some remarks that he made at the tigation-have not disclosed any explana­ power in the same circumstances and the maritime day dinner in Boston. tion for the explosions which wrecked a same hands at the same time. portion of Du Pont's Carney's Point, N.J., The top tribunal overrode two lower court During the course of his remarks, Mr. plant on Wednesday, June 4, 1969. The ex­ decisions to arrive at its own. Federal District Casey stated that our ships are becom­ plosions resulted in the death of seven com­ Judge George L. Hurt on April 7, 1967, dis­ ing larger and more productive, and pany employees and injury to 60 others. All missed Powell's lawsuit to reverse exclusion, that soon some ships will replace the but three of the injuries were minor, and on the grounds that the court lacked juris­ carrying capacity of three or four, and the three were not considered serious. All diction in the matter. Applying the doctrine in some cases, as much as 10, conven­ but one returned to work without loss of of separation of powers, he said that if the tional cargo vessels. time. court ordered any House member, officer, or An as yet undetermined number of per­ employe, to "do or not to do an act related Mr. Casey is of the opinion that a sons in nearby communities, including near­ to the organization of membership" of the properly financed and managed con­ ly a score of children in area schools, re­ House, the court would be "crashing through struction subsidy system could result in ceived what were apparently minor injuries a political thicket into political quicksand.'' a shipbuilding boom which in truth mostly from broken glass and flying debris. He added that he did not know of any other would be a boon for this country, since This was caused by shock waves in the wake 16682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 of the explosions, similar to a sonic boom. for their safety. From that point on, DuPont entree into schools to advance interna­ Effects of the blast were felt and caused cooperated fully in making all facts available tional communism in the United States. some glass and vibration damage as far to the press as soon as they became known. away as Wilmington, Del., about 3 miles The company began accepting and record­ Where black studies have been tol­ away across the Delaware River. ing calls on damage claims from residents erated, the college administrators have The explosions occurred at 1:43 p.m. on and businesses in the surrounding commu­ encountered difficulty in securing ex­ the afternoon of June 4, when some 100 tons nities almost immediately following the perienced or qualified teachers--the of in-process smokeless powder exploded. blast, and within four days had set up sep­ reason perhaps being that there is no Two or three major blasts involved three 30- arate offices in Wilmington and Penns Grove, such subject. foot by 60-foot houses, each containing N.J., to speed the processing of all such We can surmise that where instructors 50,000 to 75,000 pounds of smokeless powder claims. have been obtained, they possess the sim­ awaiting final processing. The three build­ As far as Du Pont workers are concerned, ings were obliterated, and a fourth fac1Uty comparison of Du Pont)s safety performance ilar expertise of Comrade Aptheker. That on the 160-acre processing area was severely as measured against that of other companies the entire program is but a ruse in order damaged. However, its contents did not ig­ by the National Safety Council shows it to to get on campus as faculty, to then mix nite or explode. be a national industrial leader in safe work. among the students where age and posi­ Seven of 35 employees normally working in Based on the frequency rate of lost-time in­ tion becomes invaluable to promote the powder area apparently were killed in­ juries (including fatalities) per million greivances, encow·age turmoil, and pro­ stantly. They were: Joseph A. Harrell, 44, <~. man-hours worked, on which the council mote extremist courses. manufacturing area operator; and William bases its statistics, Du Pont frequency rate Bryn Mawr and every other school L. Boyce, 26; Harry D. Green, 25; Elmer T . of injuries averages 10 times better than that Hill, 44; Barry W. Moore, 23; Joseph Quinn, for the chemical industry as a whole and 18 that has buckled under to ideological 30; and Lawrence P. Robillard, 25; all chem­ times better than that for all industry. In education should reexamine their black ical operators in the powder department. All recognition of this, the council has awarded studies movement as to the disservice were New Jersey residents. Du Pont its highest award, the Award of they subject their students to, as well as As far as Du Pont knows, it was in com­ Honor, 25 times, which is more than any to how they are damaging the reputa­ plete compliance with the law regulating the other company has received. tion of their institution. handling of smokeless powder. The plant is Bryn Mawr may have offered Apthe­ inspected regularly by both state and Fed­ COMPARISON- INJURY FREQUENCY RATES eral authorities and always has received fa­ ker's hiring to avoid conflict, but they vorable reports. Chemical may find his retention rewarded by The blast caused extensive damage to sev­ Year Du Pont industry All industry confrontation. eral other buildings on the 841-acre plant, · Needed is for the alumni and parents including a nearby blending tower where the 1956 ___ ------.. 0. 43 3. 38 6. 38 of our college youth to start demanding explosion was first thought to have origi­ 1957 ------. 35 3. 55 6. 27 some voice and participation in campus nated. Manufacturing ceased throughout the 1958 __ - . 33 3. 56 6. 17 plant following the explosion, and a previ­ 1959 ____ ======. 36 3. 32 6. 47 affairs. 1960 ___ ·------. 41 3. 71 6. 04 Mr. Speaker, a recent AP release on ously conceived and oft-rehearsed disaster 1961_ __ ------. 39 3. 26 5. 99 plan was put into effect immediately. This 1962 ___ ------. 31 3. 31 6.19 Bryn Mawr, and a dinner program show­ disaster plan had last had a full-scale re­ 1963 ___ ---- - . 28 3. 32 6.12 ing his association with Gus Hall, and a 1964 ___ ·--- . 27 3.13 6. 45 hearsal on May 23, 1969, which was credited 1965 ___ -- . 48 bibliography from the Dictionary of for the swiftness with which the plant per­ 3. 36 6. 53 1966 _-- -==~=-= . 26 3. 78 6. 91 American Scholars, an excerpt from sonnel responded in the June 4 emergency. 1967______. 39 3. 55 7. 22 HCUA hearings and a newspaper clip­ The first step after insuring the further 1968_------. 36 I 3. 74 I 7. 35 safety of the plant was identification of the ping, follow my remarks: missing and the beginning of a search for 1 Estimated. [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star. these seven employees. Three bodies were June 17, 1969] recovered almost immediately, a fotirth was APTHEKER To TEACH AT BRYN MAWR not found until Thursday morning, and a AFRO-AMERICAN STUDIES-A RED BRYN MAWR, PA.-Herbert Aptheker, a lead­ fifth body was found on Friday. Because of FRONT er of the American Communist Party, is the severity of blast damage in the immedi­ moving to Philadelphia's Main Line in the ate area, two bodies were not recovered fall to teach a course in Afro-American his­ despite intensive search. All seven were de­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK tory at fashionable Bryn Mawr College, the clared dead by Salem County Medical Exam­ college confirmed yesterday. iner, Dr. Jonathan Hummel, at noon on OF LOUISIANA A spokesman for the predominantly wom­ Monday, and the search for the two missing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES en's institution said Aptheker, 54, has been people was halted. Investigation has shown Wednesday, June 18, 1969 named a visiting lecturer in the history de­ that on the afternoon of the explosion there partment. were two separate crews in the powder house Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Bryn area. One crew consisted of five workers. It Aptheker, regarded as among the Com­ was at one of the destroyed powder buildings. Mawr, the once fashionable finishing munist's leading theoreticians, currently is The other two-man crew was in the vicinity school for young ladies, has added to its director of the American Institute for Marx­ of another of the destroyed buildings. faculty Herbert Aptheker, a leader of the ist Studies in New York. He has been a mem­ Within minutes of learning the identity Communist Party, as a visiting lecturer ber of the Communist Party for three dec­ of the seven missing people, pre-arranged in the history department. ades and was a member of its National Com­ two-man teams departed for their homes to mittee until it was dissolved in the early Reportedly, Aptheker, a leading Com­ 1960s because of what he called "legal com­ inform their families. These teams kept in munist theoretician, and director of the constant touch with the families for an plications." extensive period following the accident, keep­ Institute for Marxist Studies in New ing them informed of developments and aid­ Yo1·k City, will teach Afro-American [From the Dictionary of American Scholars] ing in all possible ways in funeral arrange­ history. Aptheker, Dr. Herbert, b. New York, N.Y., ments and other attendant family problems The elevation of Aptheker to a college July 31, 15; m. 42; c. 1. American History. associated with a death in the family. professorship is disturbing in itself, but Ph.D.(hist), Columbia Univ, 43; hon. Dr. State Police, emergency ambulance and becomes revolting to consider his being Phil, Univ. Halle, 66. Guggenheim fel, 46-47; fire services from surrounding communities employed as an expert in Afro-Ameri­ Ed, Polit. Affairs, 53-; Dir, Am. Inst. Marxist were at the plant and in the disaster area Stud, 64- Dir, New York Sch. Marxist Stud, within minutes after the blast. Coast Guard can history. Aptheker is a white, who 60- U.S.A., 42-46, Maj. AHA; Asn. Stud. Negro and Navy helicopters also were on the scene has devoted most of his life to the Com­ Life & Hist. (award, 39); Orgn. Am. Hist. in a matter of minutes. munist exploitation of black people. Contemporary American thought. Publ; An investigation by the Bureau of Labor What qualifications could a Communist American Negro slave revolts, Columbia and Industry of the State of New Jersey was Party official possibly have to be an ex­ Univ. 43 & Int. Publ, 63; ed, Documentary launched almost immediately and a five-man pert-either in African or American history of the Negro people in the United team spent several days on the plant and in history? Or for that matter even an States, Citadel, Vol. I, 62 & Vol. II, 64; the surrounding community searching out educator-his daughter, Bettina Ap­ auth, American foreign policy and the cold all possible evidence. theker, being a leader in the campus war, New Century, 62; ed, Marxism and A representative of the Department of De­ democracy, 65 Marxism and alienation, 66 fense and one from Picatinny Arsenal in wars at the University of California and auth, Nat Turner's slave rebellion, 66 & ed, New Jersey, also conducted investigations. an admitted Communist youth leader. Marxism and Christianity, 68, Humanities; More than 50 representatives of press, The Aptheker affair can but suggest auth, The nature of democracy, freedom and radio, a.nd TV were let on the plant and that the entire Afro-American studies revolution, 67 & ed, Autobiography of W.E.B. t.i1oroughly briefed about two hours after movement has been inspired and pro­ Du Bois, 68, Int. Publ. Add: 32 Ludlam Pl, tlle explosion after assurances had been made moted not to educate Negroes, but as an Brooklyn, N.Y. 11225. June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16683

£XCERP'l' FROM HEARINGS BEFORE THE CoM­ Genovese, the controversial Rutgers profes­ Department, Rutgers University Steering MITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIEs-90TH sor who publicly welcomed a Viet Cong vic­ Committee, Socialist Scholars Conference; · CONGRESS, JUNE 27 AND 28, 1968 tory; Robert W. Kenny, honorary chairman MRs. MoDJESKA M. SIMKINS, Civil Rights SUBVERSIVE INFLUENCES IN RIOTS, LOOTING, AND of the Lawyers Committee on Ainerlcan Pol­ Leader, Columbia, South Carolina; MR. Gus BURNING-PART 6 icy Toward Viet Nam. (Sen. Wayne Morse HALL, Communist Party, U.S.A.; PRoFEssoR [D.-Ore.] has continued to quote the "find­ DIRK J. STRUIK, Mathematics Department Mr. MONTGOMERY (reads]. "Bettina Apthe­ ings" of this committee to buttress his argu­ (Emeritus), M.I.T.; MR. CARL MARZAN!, Writer ker, 19, daughter of top Communist Party ments that the United States should pull out and Publisher; PROFESSOR STAUGHTON LYND, theoretician Herbert Aptheker." of VietNam and, on December 20, NBC nar­ History Depa.rtment, Yale University; Miss She has since disclosed the fact that she rator Frank McGee called this group headed BETTINA APTHEKER, Student Leader, Univer­ has been a member of the Communist Party by Kenny "a large committee of responsible sity of California; DR. HERBERT APTHEKER, all her adult life. She makes no bones about lawyers.") MR. WILL GEER, MR. AI WOOD, and Partici­ being an avowed Communist. Also, Prof. Frederick L . SchUinan, whose pating Artists. books on International Politics have been Herbert Aptheker Testimonial Dinner Com­ [From the Washington Daily News, standard classroom. texts, appears as a spon­ June 19, 1969] mittee, 20 East 30th Street, New York, sor; Jessica Mitford, author of The American N.Y. 10016, MU 9-4:530. FEDERAL CITY COLLEGE PROF LINKED TO Way of Death; the Rev. A. J . Muste, veteran . PANTHERS pacifist and a central figure in the Fellowship Initiating Sponsors: Prof. Robert S. Cohen, Chairman; Mr. Ossie Davis, Prof. A District police captain yesterday told the of Reconciliation; Dr. Willard Uphaus, an­ other self-styled. pacifist; the Rev. Stephen Staughton Lynd. Senate Permanent Investigations subcom­ Arrangements Committee: Peter K. Haw­ mittee that Jimmy Paul Garrett, whom he Fritchman, a leading leftist in California; Prof. Anatol Rapaport, a key supporter of the ley, Chairman; Harry Epstein, MD., Treas­ identified. as director of the Black Studies urer; Louise Thompson, Secretary. program at Federal City College, was one of teach-in movements. seven members of the Black Panther Party None of these persons who has lent his SPONSORS who purchased 75 handguns between Oct. 21, name to a dinner honoring Herbert Aptheker Murray Abowitz, MD., Cal.; John J. Abt, 1967 and April 3, 1968 at Shims Army Store can claim ignorance of his background. He is Esq., N.Y.; The Rev. George A. Ackerly, in Reno, Nev. an admitted Communist who has been criss­ Conn.; Dr. Irving Adler, Vt.; Mr. Charles R. Capt. John E. Drass, who said he had been crossing the continent preaching Marxism to Allen, Jr., N.Y.; Mr. James S. Allen, N.Y.; Mr. on loan to the subcommittee from the police college students. M . S. Arnoni, N .J .; Mr. James Aronson, N.Y.; department to investigate the Black Panther According to testimony he has given to Mr. Keith Baird, N.Y.; The Rev. William T. Party, said that "several of these weapons Congress and the U.S. government, he has Baird, Ill.; The Rev. Lee H. Ball, N.Y. were recovered in shoot-outs with law en­ been an active member of the CP since 1939. Prof. Loren Baritz, N.Y.; Dr. and Mrs. Ed­ forcement officials." He has been teaching at schools conducted ward K . Barsky, N.Y.; Dr. Roger Bartra, Mex­ So far no plans have been announced by by the Communist party since 1940 when he ico; Mrs. Charlotta Bass, Cal.; Dr. Christian the subcommittee to call Mr. Garrett, and was an instructor at the School for Democ­ Bay, Cal.; Mrs. Minna Bayer, N.Y.; Mr. Lee he has made no request to appear. He could racy. This school was established by Commu­ Baxandall, N.Y.; Prof. James E. Becker, N.Y.; not be reached for comment. nist teachers ousted from the public school Mr. Maurice Becker, N.Y.; Prof. Edward D . A college spokesman, Fred Scott, said offi­ system in New York City. Beechert, Jr., Hawaii. cials have "no idea how valid the information He was a member of the faculty of the The Hon. Elmer A. Benson, Minn.; Mr. is" and an investigation is under way. The Communist Jefferson School of Social Science Hans Blumenfeld, Canada; The Rev. Charles FBI refused to comment. from 1944 through 1956. Here's what the W. Bonner, N.Y.; Leonard B. Boudin, Esq., Gwide to Subversive Organizations and Pub­ N.Y.; Mr. Richard 0. Boyer, N.Y.; Mr. and lications, put out by the House Committee [From Human Events, Apr. 16, 1966] Mrs. Carl Braden, Ky.; The Rev. G. Murray on Un-Ainerican Activities, says about this Branch, Ga.; Dr. Dorothy Brewster, N.Y.: MANY "REsPECTABLE" LmERALS LEND NAMES "school"; " . . . The basic proposition of Marx­ Prof. John M. Cammett, N.J.; Mr. James E. TO APTHEKER SALUTE ism-Leninism taught and advocated by the Campbell, N.Y. On the page opposite, Human Events pre­ school ... is that our present form of 'capi­ Prof. and Mrs. Edwin Cerney, Ga.; The sents an intriguing list of over 220 names. talist society,' represented by the govern­ Rev. Mark A. Chamberlain, Ore.; Mrs. Alice They are sponsors of a testimonial dinner ment of the United States, must be destroyed Childress, N.Y.; Harry Chovnick, MD., Ohio; honoring Herbert Aptheker, Communist through a proletarian revolution and re­ Mr. John Henrik Clarke, N.Y.; Dr. J. Ray­ theoretician extraordinaire. Many of those placed by socialism under the dictatorship of mond Cope, Cal.; Mr. Martin J. Corbin, N.Y.: listed are out-and-out Communists, but the proletariat; that such revolution requires Mr. Thomas Cornell, N.Y.; Prof. Francis P. others are persons who have denied any the use of force and violence; and that the Costello, Pa.; Irving J. Crain, M.D., N.Y. Communist leanings. Many are leaders of leading force in such revolution . . . is the Mrs. Alice Burghardt Crawford, N.Y.; Prof. left-wing causes in the United States who Communist party." Ephraim Cross, N.Y.; Mrs. Vita Cunning, have been accorded great respect by the na­ Aptheker, whose daughter Bettina is also N.Y.; Mr. Howard Da Silva; Prof. Charles C. tion's news media and Ainerlca's lawmakers. an admitted Communist, has played a central Davis, Ohio; Dr. Guillermo De Covia, Mex­ Indeed, those putting on the program role in defending Communists who have been ico; The Hon. Hugh De Lacy, Cal. honoring Aptheker have tried to cloak the convicted of teaching and advocating over­ Prof. Celia S . Deschin, N.Y.; Prof. Vernon occasion in "bourgeois" respectability. throw of our government by force and vio­ K. Dibble, N.Y.; Earl B. Dickerson, Esq., Dl.; Scheduled for Thursday evening, April 28, lence. Today, Aptheker continues his "teach­ Frank J. Donner, Esq., N.Y.; Prof. William T. the dinner is to be held in the plush Sutton ing" role and is head of the American In­ Doyle, Cal.; Prof. Martin Duberman, N.Y.; Ballroom of the New York Hilton. Engraved stitute for Maxist Studies. Mrs. Shirley Graham Du Bois, Ghana; Prof. invitations have been sent out and those It is this unusual fellow whom so many Barrows Dunham, Pa.; Dr. Robert W. Dunn, attending must RSVP. Ainericans wish to honor. One wonders (not N.Y.; Prof. 0. B. Edwards, Ala. The chairman of the program is Prof. too optimistically, it must be admitted) if Prof. Arnold Eisen, N.Y.; Mr. Philip Ever­ Howard L. Parson, head of the philosophy the New York Times and other liberal news­ good, Conn.; Mrs. Lincoln Fairley, Cal.; Stan­ department at the University of Bridgeport. papers, who are seized by apoplectic fits every ley Faulkner, Esq., N.Y.; Mr. Joseph Felshin, Prof. Staughton Lynd of Yale University is time they discover a "right-winger,'' will seek N.Y.; Mr. Sidney Finkelstein, N.Y.; Mr. Moe featured as a speaker. (Prof. Lynd's respec­ to expose the extremists who honor Dr. Fishman, N.Y.; Dr. PhilipS. Foner, N.Y.; Mrs. tability has just been raised a notch by the Aptheker. State Department, which has reissued him Ruth C. France, Ind.; Prof. Mitchell Franklin, La. a passport in spite of the fact he violated APTHEKER DINNER PROGRAM passport regulations when he traveled to The Rev. St ephen H. Fritchman, Cal.; Mrs. You are cordially invited to join in tribute Ruth Gage-Colby, N.Y.; Mr. Will Geer, N.Y.; Hanoi to publicly denounce American re­ to Herbert Aptheker on the occasion of his sistance to communism in Viet Nam.) Mr. Maxwell Geismer, N.Y.; Mr. Hugo Gellert , fiftieth birthday, publication of his twen­ N.J.; Prof. Eugene D. Genovese, N.J.; Prof. Will Geer, who only recently was invited tieth book and the second anniversary of to part icipate in a poetry program at the Li­ Charles H. George, Ill.; Mr. Simon W. Gerson, The American Institute for Marxist Studies. N.Y.; Prof. M. Gett leman, N.Y.; Mr. Sidney J. brary of Congress in Washington, is listed Thursday evening, April 28, 1966, Sutton as one of two "participating artist-s." Ainer­ Gluck, N.Y. Ballroom, The New York Hilton, Avenue of Mr. Michael Gold, Cal.; Rabbi Robert E . ica's Communist party chieftain, Gus Hall, the Americas, 53rd to 54th Street, New York who continually makes wild attacks against Goldburg, Conn.; Mr. Ben Golden, N.Y.; Mr. City. Dinner promptly at 7 p .m. Cocktails Edwin B. Goodell, Jr., Mass.; Carlton B. Good­ the U.S. government, is also a featured speak­ at 6. Cover $12.50. R.S.V.P. er, but he is referred to with dignity as "Mr. lett, M.D., Cal.; Prof. Roland F. Gray, Canada; Gus Hall." PROGRAM Mr. William Gropper, N.Y.; Prof. Harry Ainong some other prominent persons pay­ Ch airman : PROFESSOR HOWARD L. PARSONS, Grundfest, N.Y.; Mr. Robert Gwathmey, N.Y.; ing obeisance to Herbert Aptheker are: C. Head, Philosophy Department, University of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Haessler, Mich. Clark Kissinger, national secretary of Stu­ Bridgeport. Mr. Gus Hall, N.Y.; Vincent Hallinan, Esq.,_ dents for a Democratic Society; Prof, Eugene PROFESSOR EUGENE D. GENOVESE, History Cal.; Dr. Louis Harap, N.Y.; Prof. Bill J. Har· 16684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 rell, N.Y.; Dr. Edmond S. Harris, Wash., D.C.; Maurice Zeitlin, Chile; Mr. Morris Zeitlln, tion Allowance. Let the oil men keep their Mr. Robert Heifetz, N.Y.; Mrs. Bea~rlce Hell­ N.Y.; Prof. Howard Zinn, Mass. special privilege, but fair is fair. A life-deple­ man, N.Y:; Prof. David S. Herreshoff, Mich.; tion allowance would guard against the day The Rev. Charles A. Hlll, Mich.; Prof; Eugene when our well of vitality has yielded its last c. Holmes, Wash., D.C. OIL DEPLETION ALLOWANCE barrel of work. Len W. Holt, Esq., Wash., D.C.; Mr. Charles P . Howard, N.Y.; Mrs. Bertha W. Howe, Fla.: Dr Nathan Hurvitz, Cal; Dr. W. Alphaeus HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Hunton, Ghana; Prof. Dell H . Hymes, Pa.; OF MARYLAND JOB CORPS CENTER CLOSINGS Mr. James E. Jackson, N.Y.; Prof. Sidney L. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jackson, Ohio; Prof. Michael R. Johnson, K an .; Dr. Oakley C. Johnson, N.Y. Wednesday, June 18, 1969 HON. JOHN C. CULVER Mr. Albert E. Kahn, Cal.; Prof. Sidney OF IOWA K aplan, Mass.; Prof. Jeffry Kaplow, N.Y.; Dr. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, and Mrs. A. A. Katz, N.Y.; Mrs. Mary M. the tax burden on the wealthy is theo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kaufman, N.Y.; Prof. J . Spencer Kennard, retical. On the ordinary workingman it Wednesday, June 18, 1969 Jr., N.J .; The Hon. Robert W . Kenny, Cal.; is :r;eal. Tax loopholes let the wealthy Mr. Rockwell Kent, N.Y.; David B. Kimmel­ shrug most of this burden onto people Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, on June 11, man, M.D., N.Y. in the middle and low income groups. 1969, Mr. Marquis Childs, the distin­ Mr. C. Clark Kissinger, Ill.; Dr. Hildegarde Your constituents and mine may be pay­ guished columnist and Washington cor­ Kneeland, Cal.; Prof. Gustav Kuerti, Ohio; ing more income tax than some million­ respondent for the St. Louis Post-Dis­ Prof. Howard D. Langford, M.D.; Prof. Charles aires. patch, wrote the following column after P . Larrowe, Mich.; Mr. John Howard Lawson, visiting the Women's Job Corps Center in Cal.; Prof. Eugene H. Lehman, Jr., Cal.; Prof. And one of the grossest of these in­ Gaylord C. LeRoy, Pa.; Miss Meridel LeSueur, equities is the 27% percent oil depletion Clinton, Iowa. The Clinton center is Minn.; Prof. Jack Lindeman, Pa. allowance. One of the most respected one of the centers which President Nixon The Rev. Donald G. Lothrop, Mass.; Prof. leaders of opinion in the Baltimore com­ has ordered to he closed. Oliver S. Loud, Ohio; Bishop Edgar A. Love, munity, Mr. Gwinn Owens, has suggested In my judgment, Mr. Childs' observa­ Md.; Mr. Walter Lowenfels, N.Y.; Dr. Hy­ that if this depletion allowance is not tions which appeared in the Washington man Lumer, N.Y.; Miss Florence H. Luscomb, repealed, it should be balanced by giving Post are thoughtful and timely, and I Mass.; Prof. Bernard Mandel, Ohio; Ben Mar­ would commend them to the attention of golls, Esq., Cal.; Prof. John M. Marsalka, the ordinary workingman "a life deple­ Conn.; Mr. Carl Marzan!, N.Y. tion allowance based on the same for­ my colleagues. The text of the column The Rev. Wllliam Howard Melish, N.Y.; mula." At this point I insert a copy of follows: Prof. Louis Menashe, N.Y.; Prof. Robert Meri­ his penetrating remarks, which were CLOSING OF JOB CoRPS CENTERS MAY BE A deth, Ohio; Mr. Warren Miller, N.Y.; Mr. made in a WJZ-TV, Baltimore, commen­ FALSE ECONOMY Leonard E. Mins, N.Y.; Miss Jessica Mitford, tary, in the RECORD: (By Marquis Childs) Cal.; Judge Stanley Moffatt, Cal.; Mr. Rich­ CLINTON, IowA.-It looks as spic and spa u ard B. Moore, N.Y.; The Rev. Richard Mor­ COMMENTARY ON On. DEPLETION ALLOWANCE (By Gwinn Owens, WJZ-TV, Baltimore) as the campus of a small Midwestern col­ ford, N.Y.; Prof. J. P . Morray, Chile. lege. So far as order and neatness go, the Prof. John R. Morris, Okla.; Mrs. Elsa Do you know that there are oil tycoons in Clinton Job Corps Center has it· over most Peters Morse, Cal.; Mr. George B. Murphy, this country who earn literally milllons of campuses in these times of protest and dis­ Jr., Wash., D.C.; The Rev. A. J. Muste, N.Y.; dollars a year and pay only a small change ruption. Dr. Otto Nathan, N.Y.; Mr. Truman Nelson, for income tax? This, it seems to me, ought The center, one of seven out of 17 for lf.Y.; Samuel A. Neuburger, Esq., N.Y.; Prof. to fry the dander of a steel worker or a school women trainees being closed down, has only Karl H . Niebyl, N.J.; Mr. Joseph North, N.Y.; t eacher who earns a few measly thousand two more months to go. Then the experiment Mr. Paul Novick, .N.Y. and then has to kick back a large slice of housed in what was once a veterans• fac111ty The Hon. Stanley Nowak, Mich.; Prof. this to the Internal Revenue Service . . This will be dismantled. After three years of op­ James O'Connor, Mo.; Prof. Otto H . Olsen, situation has been gagging the pit of my eration, the learning out of this brief experi­ Md.; Mr. J. H. O'Dell, N.Y.; Prof. Howard L. stomach for years. Then · this week I was ment will go into dusty files with the Nixon Parsons, Conn.; Mr. Frederick C. Patten, soothed by a new idea: a tax plan. that would Administration taking a new tack in· job Cal.; Mr. William L. Patterson, N.Y.; Mrs. G. be as fair to common ordinary working peo­ training. 0 . Pershing, Conn.; Emily M. Pierson, M.D., ple as it is to common ordinary oil billion­ Economy is the· principal reason for clos­ Conn.; Mr. John Pittman, Cal. aires. I hope someone in a"position of power ing down 59 out of the total of 109 centers. Prof. Norman Pollack, Mich.; Victor Rabin­ is listening, or perhaps my Congressman has The cost was high and the attack on the Job owitz, Esq., N.Y.; Mrs. Mary Rackliffe, Mass.; inadvertently tuned in. Corps program was mostly on that score. The Prof. Anatol Rapoport, Mich.; Mr. Anton Re­ First off, I must explain that the oil baron's General Learning Corporation (General Elec­ fregier, N.Y.; Prof. Richard W. Reichard, avoidance of nasty old income taxes is all tric and Time, Inc.) operating the Clinton Iowa; David Rein, Esq., Wash., D .C.; Mrs. quite legal and sanctified by Congress. The center is paid $5125 for each girl for a course Frances Reswick, N.Y.; Miss Bertha C. Reyn­ t ax escape hatch is something called the Oil of 11 months. Travel and a cash allowance olds, Mass.; Prof. Jack L. Roach, Conn. Depletion Allowance. This provides that bring the total to $8000. Prof. Joseph K . Roberts, Mich.; Mr. Sidney though a man may make a mint out of the Parents struggling to find the money after Roger, Cal.; Dr. Annette T . Rubinstein, N.Y.; gusher in his backyard, he doesn't have to taxes to send t heir young to college were Prof. Norman Rudich, Conn.; Prof. Robert J. pay taxes on all of it. Kindly old "Q'ncle Sam indignant. Why, for that much we could put Rutman, Pa.; Mr. Morris U. Schappes, N.Y.; recognizes that someday that bonanza will our boy through four years at a good univer­ Mrs. Pauline G. Schindler, Cal.; Prof. Fred­ run dry. Consequently Congress, fighting sity-that was the theme in many letters of erick L. Schuman, Cal.; Arthur Schutzer, poverty as always, reduces the oil man's taxes protest. Esq., N.Y.; Prof. Michael Scriven, Ind. in order to hedge against the day when he But this fails to take into account the Miss Edith Segal, N.Y.; Dr. Howard Selsam, is left with nothing but dry wells, memories goal of the Job Corps centers. That was to N.Y.; Prof. Herbert Shapiro, Ga.; Mr. Theo­ and blue chips. take young men and women from the bottom dore Shapiro, N.Y.; Abbott Simon, Esq., N.Y.; There is one flaw in the deplet ion theory. of the heap-rejects, t~ose who had been Dr. David F. Simonson, lll.; Mr. Edwin S. True, the well will someday run dry. But, denied all the advantages of the affluent so­ Smith, N.Y.; Miss Jessica Smith, N.Y.; Prof. symbolically, doesn't everyone's well run dry? ciety-and rehabilitate them. It was meant Allen Solga nick, Md.; Prof. John Somerville, You may eke out your living now as a taxi not merely training in skills to get a job but N.Y. driver, a hardware salesman or a college pro­ health, deportment, self-confidence, some Mr. B. L. Spitzer, N.Y.; Prof. Pete Steffens, fessor. Someday, however, your well of knowledge of the world beyond the im­ Cal.; Prof. H. C. Steinmetz, Canada; Mrs. strength, skill or brains will give out, and you poverished backwaters in which they had led . Emma Gelders Sterne, Cal.; Hope B. Stevens, will have no means of earning even next a half-life. .Esq., N.Y.; Prof. Dirk J . Struik, Mass.; week's groceries. I see absolutely no differ­ Many of t he girls had not seen a doctor or . Maurice Sugar, Esq., Mich.; Mrs. Yuri Suhl, ence between the wage-earner's well of life a dentist for 10 years or more. Some were so N.Y.; Mr. Anthony Toney, N.Y.; Mrs. P auline running dry and the oil man's well of petro­ close to illiteracy t hat they were unable to . Taylor, Ohio. leum running dry. The reason oil magnat es pick their OWJl name out of a list. They came Dr. Willa rd Uphaus, Conn.; Prof. St ephen get preferential treatment from Congress is ! rom Muleshoe, Tex., Hickory Flat, Tenn., Big V.ause, N :H.; Bishop W. J . Walls; Dr. Harry simple: They have a lobby a nd t he wage Shoe, Mont. One Indian girl's only address · F . Ward, N.J.; The Rev. Eliot White, Mass.; earner doesn't. was t he back sea t of a junk car: Mr. Frank J . Whitley, Cal.; Mr. and . Mrs. Consequent ly I suggest, in a modest lobby­ In t hese b ackwaters they would have been . Henry Willcox, Conn.; Mr. B;enry. Win~>ton , ing effort of my own, that plain working semi-lit erate drudges at best or at worst pub­ :•N. Y.; Mr. Cl:!-rl Winter, N.Y .; Nathan Witt, people be given a life-depletion. allowance lic charges whet her in jail or in overcrowded E sq ., N.Y.; Miss Sarah E. Wright, N.Y.; Prof. based on t he same formula as the Oil Deple- hosp ital wards and whatever is today the June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16685 equtialEmt of the poor house. The Indian girl at commencement ·exercises of. the Uni­ But I always felt tne :p.eed-~p.d . the is supervising 2:3 girls in a cc;>mputer opera­ versity of Missouri at St. Louis. As a desire-:-and I have. always _ regretted not t ion at a good salary. Of the 4000 who b,ave in having had the opportunity the men· arid gone through the course 75 to 80 per cent result of that insertion the REcoRD, women of this graduating class have enjoyed, have been placed in jobs or they have quali· numerous Members of the House have to achieve a college education: The degrees fled for the military or have gone back to expressed interest in reading the text of you will receive today may or may not ma ke school. my commencement address, and I am, all of you rich of famous, or assure the cap­ When the news came that the Clinton therefore, taking this means of making it ture of all of the prizes you seek in the pur­ center would be closed the girls; ranging in available for their perusal. suit of happiness. But I don't think any. of age from 16 to 21, launched a two-day tele­ While I was deeply grateful to the you fortunate young people earning degrees thon on the center's closed circuit television university for awarding me an honorary at this commencement will ever have the system. The goal was to raise money to put occasion to regret the years you have spent over a protest. Stop smoking, was one of the doctor of laws degree, I approached the · on this campus, or the multitudinous bits appeals, give your cigarette money to help assignment of commencement speaker and pieces of seemingly unrelated facts and pay for telegrams. They sent wires to every­ with some trepidation. It was probably information you have learned here. And, al­ one they could think of who might have In­ the most difficult speech to prepare of though you will probably remember little of fluence, from President Nixon to Pope Paul. any I have given in a long time. What what is said here today, I am sure you will The Clinton community joined in. The does one tell a college graduating class always remember with deep satisfaotion president of the Chamber of Commerce went. in this unfathomable year of 1969? All what this day has meant to you. to Washington to plead for the center. While And that is why I say I have received two there was grumbling in this prosperous town of our traditional values are under bitter great honors today. In addition to my degree, with its expanding industrial development attack on every campus; all of the the second honor is the privilege of partici­ when the center was established, on the "truths" we accepted as valid a few years pating in this never-to-be-forgotten moment whole the reception has been good. ago are questioned and disputed. in your lives, as you take giant steps for­ _With 80 per cent of the trainees Negroes, Nevertheless, after accepting the :flat­ ward, in status and in stature, in a society most of them from the Deep South, it was an tering invitation-an invitation presum­ in which personal success and career_satis­ experiment to set them down in a community ably based on the assumption that you faction are rapidly becoming inseparably en­ in which the resident Negro population is have some wisdom or insight or special twined with educational achievement. negligible. The complaint is that their boy Therefore, to have the op:Portunity to share friends, coming from nearby industrial cen­ experience or advice or perhaps even in this day, as your families are doing, and ters, were raucous and badly behaved. Mu­ some good recipes to impart to the grad­ as I am privileged to do, gives the day as nicipal Judge David Halbach has said that uates-you cannot just stand up and say much meaning to us as it does to you. For violations by the trainees and their friends of you do not know what to say that would each of us of an older generation recognizes Iowa's strict alcohol beverage laws has been mean anything to the young men and that you who are graduating know far more lower on the average than for the community women earning bachelor's and advanced about the world in which you live than it itself. degrees. was possible for any of us to know at your Economy aside, an argument for cutting According to the editorial about my age. That is not to say that you know·fflOugh. back the Job Corps centers and perhaps No one ever does. But we count on you to eventually phasing them out was to provide speech which Congressman BuRLISON build on the foundation of knowledge that the job training in or near cities where work placed in the RECORD, I "told it like it is." you have acquired here, and to use that is available once the training has been ~om­ My only hope is that what I had to say · knowledge, so that your children, a genera­ pleted. The revised program will be car:ried about the obligations to the rest of us, . tion hence, will be better prepared to cope out largely by the National Alliance of Busi­ · of the 699 fortunate men and women with the challenges of a future society cer­ ness Men. The budget for next year provides receiving degrees that day, made· a por­ tain to be different from that we know today. an increase from $200 million to $420 million tion of the sense to them that my re­ just as today's is far different from the world for this purpose. The trainees will no~ be· as it existed when your parents were as old brought long distances so that transporta­ marks seemed to make to many' of the as you are today. tion costs will be negligible. parents and over-30 friends of the gradu­ Until a very few years ago--say, when the A large question is still unanswered with ates·, when i outlined what . I thought members of this Class of -1969 were fresh­ this shift of emphasis. What about the re­ were some of the things these young men-the traditional role of the commence­ hab111tation of the boy or girl dumped at the people owe us for, and how they can go ment speaker was to welcome the members bottom of the heap? The Job Corps centers about repaying us. of a graduating class of a University into the have provided an environment as well as The University of Missouri at St. Louis, Establishment, urge them to work hard dur­ training on a seven-day a week basis with ing their forthcoming apprenticeships in the the goal of making up in a year for the one of the four campuses of the Univer­ professions, and to be patient; that is, not deprivations of a lifetime. · sity of Missouri system, is a young insti­ to entertain brash expectations of taking Whether the rejects can survive on their tution, founded in 1963, but quickly es­ over the top executive positions in business, own in an urb~n training center is highly tablished as a dynamic educational force industry, government, or any other field dur­ doubtful, in the view of those who have been in our community. Its chancellor since ing the first few weeks or months or years of close to the experiment. The very fact of 1965 has been Dr. James L. Bugg, Jr. their new careers. closing down the centers after only three so much has happened so dramatically in years is another blow of rejection. And for Virtually 99 percent of its student body comes from the Greater St. Louis metro­ these last few years the advice which might those who have lived on the border of bare have been valid three years ago no longer existence one more blow is too many. politan area, and most of the students seems relevant today. At some universities, in are working part time or full time to meet fact, the most appropriate comment a com­ college expenses. The graduates have mencement speaker conceivably could make truly earned their educations and it was would be to thank the students for permit­ "YOU OWE US"-COMMENCEMENT an earnest and inspiring and serious- ting commencement exercises to be held at ADDRESS BY CONGRESSWOMAN minded group to talk to. · all. On other campuses-and this is one­ the students would deserve a grateful vote of LEONOR K. SULLIVAN AT UNIVER-. Under unanimous consent, Mr. Speak­ confidence in their maturity for not having SITY OF MISSOURI AT ST. LOUIS er, I s-ubmit the text of my commence­ burned down the library and the administra­ ment address last week, as follows: tion building and for not having locked the ADDRESS BY THE HONORABLE LEONOR K. dean in the boiler room. HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN SULLIVAN Because of what has happened in so many OF MISSOURI I am deeply grateful to the University of colleges across the land, a sadness and a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Missouri for two great honors accorded me sense of shock and of failure pervade the Thursday, June 19, 1969 today. One of those honors, of course, is the academic community almost everywhere, and award of an honorary degree which means a sense of outrage pervades the public at Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, my far more to me than most of you can possibly large over the excesses which have occurred esteemed colleague from Missouri, the imagine, for I did not have the opportunity in some of our greatest institutions of learn­ Honorable BILL D. BURLISON, graciously a~ a young woman to earn an academic de­ ing. Repercussions are being felt daily in the placed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD gree in the customary manner. There was no Congress, where angry demands are being University of Missouri at St. Louis, and not heard for a massive crackdown on all mani­ several days ago an editorial from one much chance of a $35 a month telephone festations of collegiate defiance of authority of the newspapers in his district, the company clerk-that's $420 a year-being andoflaw. · Kennett, Mo., Daily Dunklin Democrat, able to finance an education, which girls This, of course, is not "dissent". Dissent is commenting approvingly on some state­ weren't supposed to have much need for any­ precious to American freedom. But· I think ments of mine in an address last week way in those days. back only 2 years to a beautiful June day at 16686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 another cellege in Missouri where I heard a truly ghettoized not merely by price. but by inspire your contemporaries. as well as your distinguished American woman,. the Honor­ force of law. Schools in much of the Nation elders, into reluctant changes in their own able Patricia Roberts Harris, a legal scholar were separate by race-by law. The jobs many comfortable pursuits. who had been serving our country with gre~t or the students of this University are prepar­ Some of. you, l imagine, will take the easy effectiveness as our Ambassador to Luxem­ ing to fill with dignity and pride and distinc­ road of least resistance--the path of the bourg, make an eloquent commencement tion were, in many instances, completely yes-man; others, I am sure, will seek the speech on the importance of dissent. Dissent, closed to the parents of many of the members notoriety which comes from finding fault she said, must be protected and encouraged of this student body. with every policy and concept wblch you in all segments of our society, and particu­ Now the law of this land, instead of foster­ encounter on the job or in the community, larly in our college communities. ing and promoting and requiring discrimina­ whether or not you have constructive ideas A few months ago, however, while Mrs. tion by race, creed, color or sex, expressly for improvements. Either path brings certain Harris was serving as dean of a university prohibits these things. Twenty-two years out types of rewards, whether in monetary terms, law school, she was driven to resign her posi­ of history is an infinitesimal span of time­ or in the vanity values of personal pub­ tion in disillusion because of the excesses of but the acomplishments of those 22 years in licity. What I would prefer to see most of some of her students in translating dissent human progress in this country have been you do, however, is to couple your recogni­ into revolt, culminating in a student strike, fantastically great. Your elders are stm dizzy tion of the deficiencies in our society with and the complete shutdown of all classes. from the pace of the events which you may a. determination to try to find solutions Remembering that commencement speak­ see now as only timid short steps to a long which will work in the correction of those er's subsequent rather harrowing experience goal. The shock waves from the momentum deficiencies. It is not an easy assignment. with dissent turned into open warfare, I am of these events leave most adults over­ In Washington, on each day that either not going to follow her lead as a commence­ whelmed and gasping. Some, of course, have House of Congress is in session, strident ment speaker anct devote this final lecture been completely dismayed. They will never speeches are made in the House or Senate of your undergraduate days to the subject of adjust. denouncing everything which is wrong in your right o! dissent. Rather, I am going to But most Americans can adjust and are American life or in the world at large. Simul­ risk stirring up some dissent here myself by adjusting to new concepts of human rela­ taneously, bills go into the hopper intended talking about some of your obligations to the tionships, and are paying the taxes-the very to bring about instant Utopia. Solutions are reit of us, instead of about your rights. You high taxes-to try to overcome in a few years so easy, of course, when they are only in­ know enough about your rights already, I am the accumulated deficiencies of educational tended to sound plausible. But will they sure. But what about us? What are our rights systems and housing policies and job train­ "wash"? Will they work? Are they feasible? where you are concerned? Ing opportunities which go back, not genera­ Are they Constitutional? At whose expense To put your obligations into just a few tions, but centuries. would they have to be achieved? Could they words, it is simply this: Four years ago, when most of you were be administered? Could they be paid for? You owe us. graduating from high school, the Federal Be critical-be dissatisfied with the de­ All of you have been privileged to receive Government was just beginning its multi­ ficiencies in our society-insist upon change the incalculable benefits of a college educa­ billion-dollar program of Federal aid to edu­ for the purpose of bringing about improve­ tion-which, from a purely monetary stand­ cation. And now every school district in the ment--criticize that which is wrong-hold point alone will mean many thousands of land, and every college, are heavily depend­ to your ideals-but, also try to put the need additional dollars in your lifetime earnings. ent for their educational survival on those for change in historical perspective; learn That's not exactly what you owe us for­ funds. Four years. And the politicians who enough about why our problems exist and you'll pay taxes on those earnings and the brought it about did not do so by the waving where they came from in order to be able government and the economy will get back of any wand, or by simply making a logical to touch the right pushbuttons which will mapy tim~ over the public investment in explanation of why it was needed. It was turn on the power-generating forces needed your education. . a long battle. Between the time of the pas­ to accomplish changes and improvements. What you owe us-what you owe to your sage of the first ·general aid to education bill You can bring changes only as you persuade, families and to all of their "over-30" con­ in either House of Congress-by the Senate not browbeat, your fellow citizens to accept temporaries, and to numerous politicians to in 1949-and the enactment of such a law, and pay for those changes. Americans will whom you might sometimes ascribe tl;le 16 years had elapsed-most of your lifetimes. never pay tribute to bad manners and ar­ blame for most of our national ills-is the You owe us for what was done-for having rogant demands. full use of all of your brains and energies, had the courage to fight for your education. While some commencement speakers directed toward correcting those social ills And you must pay us what you owe us. You worry over the future of America. because you are so familiar with and oppose so must pay us back by working now for what of so much dissatisfaction and disaffection deeply. you know must be done to help others. on our campuses, I think a companion worry And you are not only invited, but are For, like it or not-like the idea or not­ has to be that, like so many college genera­ strongly urged, to exercise any resentments you are indeed now part of the Establish­ tions which preceded you, you may soon you hold against the so-called Establishment ment. You are, or soon will be, the teachers, rut down into life's amenities and the sat­ by using all of the channels of citizen ex­ the engineers, the doctors, the accountants, isfactions of your own careers and joTget pression to make it change in the directions the writers, the thinkers, the politicians, the what you are now so angry about. you want it to go. bureaucrats, the social workers, the biolo­ From a material standpoint, you all have If I were to express a wish for your future gists, the do-ers, of which the Establishment it made-or Will have it made in a reason­ happiness, it would be tb,at you retain for consists. You may fret at your frustrations ably short period of time 1n your chosen the rest of your lives the feeling of dissatis­ in trying to move mountains and change professions. The jobs are waiting, and the faction. I know that most of you hold today men's hearts; but you can chip and scrape pay-to those of us who once earned $35 over the lack of perfection in our social at both objectives and truly make a dent. a month-is simply Incredible. You will do structure and in our political machinery. You We did! all right financially, high taxes and all. c~ot come to this point of a university Humanity-aU of your fellow citizens and But just remember, that you owe us for degree without realizing that our society is the world of which you are a part-desperate­ your opportunities-owe us not your grati­ ln deep trouble of a rather unique kind. ly needs your skills, your knowledge, and tude (although your families might find a Most of our problems-and this is true­ your abilities, in order to help us do thinga little of that nice to hear) and not your un·­ most of the problems ln our society today better than they have been and are being critical acceptance or endorsement o! every­ are the direct outgrowth of solutions of pre­ done. thing e have done (because we have made vious, and usually far more serious, prob­ Patient or impatient with the improve­ many mistakes, as every generation has lems. Think about that. ments which have been made in American done) but you owe us the application of Jtist think back to the year in which most society in your lifetimes, you now have the your good minds to the problems we have of the members of this Class of 1969 were precious opportunity to exert an lnfiuence not as yet solved. And, as those problems are born-1947-and think how di.fierent this upon events and upon attitudes in this solved, the solutions themselves will create country has become in your comparatively country. new problems which will tax your best short lifetimes. You have proved your competence and brains. On the emotional issue of racism, dis­ your adaptability to hard tasks and to great What the people of Missouri and of the crimination, lack of full equality, just think challenges. Your presence here today as suc.­ United States paid for in the creation of this back to the kind of completely segregated cessful candidates for college degrees attes~ University was the hope that your knowl­ society which existed 22 years ago, at the time to your qualifications as well-educated young edge would now enable you to do for others o! the eye-opening report of President Tru­ men and women. far more than has been done for you. Don't man's Civil Rights c ·ommlsslon. This historic You have many choices: You can slide ridicule our sentimentallty, because in a !ew report establ_ished the foundation on which comfortably. if you wish, into well-paying years, when your children are getting their aJ.1. successful civil rights caU.ses of the past positions in which you can concentrate only degrees, you'll know how your famllles feel generation have been fought a~d won. on the objective o! climbing the professional today-a warm and proud and happy feel:._ _:rhe most segregated institution in our ladder to success by not "making waves"­ fng that they have given to this country an col.Pltcy .22 years ago wa,s tl;le armed servlce&­ that is, you can play the safe and cozy organi­ educated 5on or daughter who iS equipped no~ the· most fully integrate~. Housing was zation game; or~you can prod and push and to do good. Don~ let them downf June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16687 FUN ALONG THE COLORADO was out of control before its occupants could a huge, beautiful reservoir was named, a few make a landing, and it was broken apart by years ago, for the intrepid explorer. At this colliding with a midstream boulder. reservoir, Lake Powell, the administering HON. JOHN WOLD Today's Flaming Gorge and Glen canyon agency, National Park Service, reports a 1968 OF WYOMING Dams, provide plenty of swift-flowing river jump of about 50 percent more visitors than for those who wish exciting river trips. Much the previous year. The 1968 total was 883,400 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lighter-weight craft, either of wood or rub­ at this isolated lake backed up by Reclama­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 ber, is used today in place of the awkward tion's Glen Canyon Dam. And because there boats of the Powell trip. Where rapids are no nearby cities, more of these people Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, on May 26, threaten, boaters can utilize the upd~ted drove from such distant points as Los the centennial celebration of Maj. John knowledge and experience, or they can usually Angeles, Phoenix, Denver, and Salt Lake City. Wesley Powell's epic exploratory trip run the rapids-in a carefully prescribed The superb scenery at Lake Powell is unsur­ down the Green and Colorado Rivers was manner-rather than make a portage or line pa-ssed for variety. Facilities for all kinds of launched at Green River, Wyo. There was their boats. Danger still lurks in the violent water-based recreation, including fishing, are rapids, but a river runner with exa-et knowl­ in operation year-round. Particularly excel­ a good deal of fanfare and there will be _edge and considerable experience can make lent this year is trout fishing just below the more to come. it look easy. dam, rivaling that dow:r:stream from Flaming Major Powell was visionary as well as Powell started his trips during May, know­ Gorge. practical. He had the wisdom to apply ing that the Green River would be high from LAKE MEAD VISITORS knowledge to 1·eality and make predic­ spring :Mmofi'. The large flow carried him and Chalking up the highest visitor figure of tions which have held up over the course his men over many hidden boulders, but it all Colorado River Basin reservoirs is Lake of time. probably also contributed to the a-ecident in Mead, located near Las Vegas on U.S. High­ -Indeed, he was the first man to ass~ss _ Lodore Canyon when the river's swiftness way 95. Last year 4 million sun-seekers, fish­ the impact reclamation would have on ·threw the boat out of control. ermen and boaters showed up at this lake the fierce rivers of the inland plateau By August, when Powell was in Grand behind Reclamation's Hoover Dam. Canyon he was riding on low flow, and the Lake Mead also is associated with Major area. voyagers were continually plagued by high Powell because it .was at the mouth of the But even he would probably have not · riverbed and e:lCp()Sed rocks. Virgin River (now an arm of Lake Mead) guessed the impact that reclamation has FLOWS EVENED that Powell terminated his 1869 voyage. had on the rivers down which he made The advantage today is that Flaming When Lake Mead is high, water backs into his great journey. Gorge and Glen Canyon Dams have evened the gorge to Separation Canyon, where three At this point I include an article en­ the flows, cutting down the tempestuous men of the voyage climbed out of the canyon titled "Fun Along the Colorado," from floods of spring and releasing water gradually rather than face what they believed would Reclamation Era, which enumerates some throughout the year, or when needed. Boating be certain death in other violent rapids be­ is thus possible for a long season. low. These three, the two Howland brothers of the differences between his trip and and William Dunn, unfortunately were killed what a traveler would experience today: In another aspect-the mobility of the American public ·in getting to lakes for rec­ by Shivwits Indians after reaching the can­ FUN ALONG THE COLORADO reation purposes--Powell would be amazed. yon rim. If he could return today, 100 years after his A lake located more than 5 miles out of town Powell and his crew were exceptionally dar­ epic river and canyon explorations, Major was almost too far away for a quick fishing ing to do what they did. To explore this awe­ John Wesley Powell would not be too sur­ trip in his day-unless, perhaps, it happened some river area had been considered an im­ prised at finding dams and reservoirs on the possible feat before they undertook it, and to be linked to towri by railroad. indeed the task turned out to be almost un­ Colorado River system which he knew so well~ --Because of-their remote locations, Reclama­ A perceptive man, Powell knew that Amer­ endurable. tion reservoirs built in the early part of this Even when undertaken today-whether for ican technology would make far-reaching ac­ · century were rarely considered for recrea­ com,pUshments. For instance, he envisioned sport thrills or futher study-boating the tional use. But with the age of transporting Green and Colorado Rivers still is an ominous tapping the West's rivers for such benefits as boats behind the automobile, people began irrigation and community use. And he was challenge. And because of the need for proper looking to these reservoirs for their "treasure knowldege and equipment, it is accomplished known to predict that hydropower generation house" of potential in fishing, boating, swim­ would someday be one of the primary pur­ ming, and sightseeing. by only a few. .. . poses of dams. For Powell, it was an endeavor of scien­ Nor would Powell be disappointed that the At Flami:qg Gorge Lake, named for the first tific worth. And for him it would be a serv­ Colorado River and its tributary, the Green canyon which Powell and his men boated into, ice, making possible a contribution of solu.: River, have not been wholly "preserved" in swimming has become part of the routine tions to national problems, which few other of even such knowledgeable wildlife as deer, men understood or tried to measure. · the condition he found them. He realized, when they have · a hankering to be on the probably better than any other man of his Continuing his hard pioneering work, and day, the critical value of water resources to other side of the lake. On seeing the animals tackling tremendous obstacles he strongly the West's development. And he was con­ swimming across, yisitors take pleasure in a spurred on the reclamation era for the Na­ stantly a zealous advocate of practical water good deed by reporting the swimming deer tion. So that today, Reclamation specialists for officials of the Utah and Wyoming State with added knowledge have been able to purposes, whenever his story might enlighten Game departments. someone. forge ahead with constructing dams and Probably the Major would be astonished, Most visitors to the Flaming Gorge recrea­ related water facilities in many Western however, by the way Americans have widely tion area were first thought to be from the areas. accepted new pastimes at water resource nearest metropolitan area, Salt Lake City. GAINS TOTALED areas. This does not include fishing, which But an analysis showed that more than half The 67-year old Federal Reclamation pro­ has been appreciated for centuries, nor boat­ of the total are from distant States. gram has brought irrigation service to 10 ing, which seemingly held some promise in AND FISHING million acres of land in the West, 8 million his day for increasing variety. Fishing is an interesting sport around Rec­ acres of which were irrigated ln 1967. Total But Powell scarcely could have envisioned lamation's Flaming Gorge Dam. Not only is gross value of crops produced by farmers on a boom in such ideas as people being rapidly fishing considerable in the reservoir, but these lands ls $27 billion. pulled across water on two small pieces of when the gates on the dam were closed in Also, 600 billion kilowatt hours of hydro­ wood-water skiing; or adding both skis and i962, ideal trout fishing took place in the power have been generated. Since 1950, $674 a kite for soaring a few minutes in the sky. sparkling trailwaters below the dam. The million in property damage, plus unnum­ Both of Powell's boating trips, one in 1869 stream was converted from a muddy water­ bered people's lives, have been saved by and the other in 1871-72, were made in heavy way to a clear, cold relatively stable river. structures controlling flooding rivers: rowboats, each weighing over 1,000 pounds. The spectacular stream winds for 30 miles Guards against water pollution, enhane;e­ When dangerous rapids were met, the pre­ through picturesque forest lands, or isolated ment of fish and wildlife areas, and preserv­ ferred technique was to unload all gear and recreation areas in Daggett County, before ing the scenic environment also are Reclama,. then to let down the boats with long ropes. entering Colorado and Dinosaur National tion project benefits. Usually, one line was tied to the bow and Monument. Major Powell envisioned such assets as another to the stern, with at least two men Last December a fish specialist said the those. However, the wat-er resource develop­ handling the lines. Daggett County reach of the Green River ment which would amaze Explorer Powell BOAT LOSS deserves to be called "Utah's Blue Ribbon most has come about in just the last few Occasionally a boat was pulled from their trout stream." And because trout growth years-the outdoor recreation boom, and the grasp by the swift current, and sometimes and aquatic food production have continued tricks devised by fun-seekers for thrills at holes were knocked in the hulls by rocks, but to increase here, it would likely continue to lakes and reservoirs. the crew managed to improvise patches and have a favorable future for trout ranging up For its part, Reclamation has constructed to keep the boats afloat throughout the trip. to around 6 po"tmds for 5-year olds. over 200 lakes which accommodate such ac­ In I~ odore Canyon one of the explorer's boats Further along the· route of Powell's voyage, tivity, and serve many other useful purposes. CXV--1051-Part 12 16688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 REPRESENTATIVE BURKE AN­ pleased and gratified to see that more The ·results of the questions were com­ NOUNCES 1969 POLL RESULTS than 40,000 citizens responded. It is puted by percent and includes tabula­ indicative to me that our citizenry is tions for the entire district as well as-by concen1ed and interested in their gov­ distinct section. The questions and re­ HON. J. HERBERT BURKE elnment. sults follow: 01' FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES QUESTIO NNAIRE RESUlTS, 1969 Thursday, June 19, 1969 Entire Centr I South North Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, district Broward Broward Dade in annotincing the tabulation of my an­ Questions Yes tlo Yes No Yes No Yes No nual questionnail·e poll this week, the results indicate that the majority of my 1. Do you favor the renewal of the 10 percent surtax when constituents favor repeal of the 10 per­ it exp ires on June 30______17.0 83.0 15.7 84.3 18.7 81.3 16.8 83. 2 2. Would you favor the 10 percent surtax if part of the cent surtax; increased military pressure revenue would be returned to local and State on North Vietnam as a means to end governments ______30.0 70.0 29.2 70.8 34.7 65.3 26.5 73. 5 3. If a satisfactory peace in Vietnam cannot be secured the war; restoration of the national lot­ in the near future, would you favor~>- tery draft system; and a constitutional a. Withdrawal ot U.S. forces, even if this means Communist takeover ______------26.6 ------24.9 ------24.9 ------30.4 ------amendment which would provide for the b. Adhere to holding operations by joint United States-South Vietnam forces ______election of the President and Vice Presi­ 20.5 ------20.6 ------22.3 ------18.5 ------dent by a simple majority of the people. c. Increase milit2ry pressure on North Vietnam ____ _ 52.9 ------54.5 ------52.8 ------51.1 ------4. Should the power of the President to commit American These results definitely indicate that troops to combat with.out specifiC approval of the people residing in my congressional Congress be curbed ______66.0 34.0 61.9 32.1 67.5 32.5 62.3 37.7 5. With respect to raising an army to defend the Nation, district are opposed to further tax in­ do you favor 1- creases and want less government a. Continuing the draft in its present form ______31.5 ------32.9 ------30.6 ------31U ------spending. They are deeply concerned b. Replacing the draft system with an all volunteer . army ______------______24.2 ------21.1 ------22.2 ------30.1) ·------about the problems of infiation and feel c. Restoring the national draft lottery system estab- lished in World War It ______they are now overtaxed. 44.3 ------46.0 ------47.2 ------3!. 3 ------6. Should the United States adopt a 12-mile offshore As for Vietnam, the majority of the 1 respondents indicated they would like ~~~~'rh~~ ~tt~i':iresr~~~t:~lr~~~ ~-h-i~~ - i~~ - 93.9 6. 1 ~.4 4.6 94.3 5. 7 91.! 8. 9 7. Do you favor a law by the Federal Government to the war to end but they do not want prevent strikes by public employees ______72.0 28.0 77. 8 22.2 68.5 31.5 63.~ 31.1 peace at any price. Instead the maj01ity 8. Should presidential candidates be selected by na- tional primaries. instead of party conventions ______84. 1 15.9 83.2 16.8 85.9 14.1 83.2 16.8 indicated they favor increased military 9. Do you feet the electoral college should be abolished pressure on North Vietnam to bring a and the President and v-rce President be elected conclusion to the war. Nevertheless, 26.6 solely by the simple majority vote ot the people ___ _ 87.8 12.2 86.7 13.3 87.3 12.7 89. 7 10. 3 10. 0& you believe the Federal Government should percent in the district indicated that guarantee an annual income to heads of families, they would get out of the war regardless whether or not they are working ______6.1 93. ~ 4.1 95.9 7. 7 92.3 6. a 93.2 11. Do you favor limiting the number and type of questions of a subsequent Communist takeover. to be asked in taking the 1970.census ______75.2 24.8 82.4 17.6 71.6 28.4 70.1 29.9 More than 218,000 questionnaires were mailed to the residents in Broward a Figures shown represent percenta ge of answers favo rin[ each opt" on shown. and north Dade Counties and I was

QUESTIONNAIRE RESUL TS- 1969 lln percent}

North Dade South Broward Central Broward. Republican Independent------Democrat ------Republican Independent------Democrat Republican Independent O.mocrat Questions Yes No. Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes. No Yes. No Yes N1> Yes No

1. Do you favor the renewal of the 10-percent surtax when it expires on June30.------15.1 84.9 10.7 89.3 29.8 70.2 20.8 79. 2 17.5 82 .. 5 16.7 83.3 16.. 2 83.8 14. 9 85.1 15.2 84.7 2. Would you favor the 10-percent surtax if part of the revenue would be returned to local and State governments ______23.8 76.. 2 27.4 72.6 27.7 72.3 42.4 57.6 28.3 7l7 28.4 71.6 29.7 70.3 24.3 75. 7 33.8 62.2 ·a. tr a satisfactory peace in Vietnam cannot be secured in the near future. would you favor.l- (a) Withdrawal of U.S. forces, even if this means Communist takeover ______------__ ------____ ------29. 6 30.7 30.9 25.2 24.8 24.6 25.0 25.5 24.0 (b) Adhere to holding operations by joint United States-South VietDam torces ______------___ _------19. 4 16.4 19.6 20.8 19.3 27.4 19.8 18.8 (c) lncreasa military pressure on North Vietnam______51. 0 52..9 49.5 54.0 55.9 48.0 55-.2 55.7 4. Should the power of the President to commit American troops to combat withoutspecificapprovalofCongressbecurbed ______58.7 41.3 62.6 37.4 64. 9 35.1 69.2 30.8 66.9 33. 1 65.2 34.8 66.6 33.4 72. 6 27.4 65.5 34. 5 5. With respect to raising an army to defend the Nation, do you favor- (a) Continuing the draft in its present fonn______31.0 27.5 33.5 2.9.1 27.3 36.3 35.1 31.3 2:9.2 (b) Replacing !he draft s.ystem wi th an all-volunteer army ______29.8 31.8 28.4 20.6 20.9 26.3 20.3 18-.2 27.1 (c) Restoring the national draft lottery system established in World War 1'------39. Z 40.7 38.1 50.3 51.8 37.4 44. 6 50.5 43.7 6. Should the United States adopt a 12-mile offshore territorial limit against those nations which impose more than a 3-mile tenitorial limiL------95.9 4.1 93.7 6. 3 80.2 19.8 95. 4 4. 6 95.6 4. 4 91.1 8. 9 95.3 4. 7 96. L 3. 9 94. 6 5. 4 7. Do you favor a law by the Federal Government to prevent strikes by publicemployees ______84.4 15.6 60.2 39.8 63.2 36.8 76.0 24.0 69. 2 30.8 55.4 44.6 86.8 13.2 69.1 30.9 65.0 35.0 8. Should presrdential candidates be selected by national primaries. in- stead ot party conventions ______83.0 17. & 88.7 11.3 74.1 25.9 83.0 17.0 89.1 10.9 87.5 12.5 79.4 20.6 86.0 14.0 89.9 10. 1 9. Do you feel the electoral coflege should be abolished and the President and Vice President be elected solely by the simple majority vote of tlie p:eople ______~- ______88. 2 11.8 87.8 12.2 92.6 7.4 84.2 15. 8 91.0 9.0 88.7 11.3 86.5 13.5 86.0 14.0 88.3 11.7 ' 10. Do you believe the Federal Government should guarantee an annual ' income to heads of families, whether or not they are working______3. 0 97.0 9".8 90.2 7.0 93.0 2.1 97.3 11.7 88.3 11.9 88.1 5.2 94.8 2.l 97.1 3.4 96. 6 11. Do you favor (imiting the number and ty pe of questions to be asked in taki ng the 1970 census ______75. 8 24.2 74.9 25.1 61.4 38.6 73.0 27.0 73.9 26.1 66.9 33. 1 84.4 15.6 84.2 15.8 75.5 24.5

1 Figures shown represent percentage of answers favoring each option shown. J~tne 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16689 REPRESSION IN VIETNA.I.-v.I by President Nixon himself, apparently ers in trade and industry received GI irritated President Thieu, among others bill training. in the Saigon government. Home, farm, and business loans have .HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL President Thieu's attitude toward such stimulated economic development. In­ OF NEW YORK political developments can be seen in a creased taxes from the higher wages and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES statement he made at the press confer­ salaries earned by better-educated vet­ Thu1·sday, June 19, 1969 ence held in Saigon after his meeting erans have returned the Government's with President Nixon: investment many times over. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, we see Fz:om now on, those who spread rumors On this silver anniversary of the first every day in Vietnam how difficult it is tp.at there will be a coalition government tn GI bill we should again acknowledge the· to stop a war. War becomes a pattern, this country, whoever they be, whether in tremendous debt our country owes to its with smaller patterns within it. Military the executive or the legislature, will be war veterans. commanders fight for isolat-ed hilltops, severely punished on charges of collusion The GI bills, past and present, should out of habit of fighting. The Saigon re­ with the enemy and demoralizing the army be viewed in their true light, as invest­ gime suppresses its opponents because and the people. I will punish them in the name of the Constitution. ments in human beings, our veterans, an that kind of political repression has be­ investment that pays handsome , divi- come a pattern within the war. Even the This statement is the best reason for ·' dends to all Amelica. killing becomes a pattern of so many removing President Thieu and, if neces­ dead this week, so many last week. sary, changing the Constitution ·so that The war will end when we can break normal political processes can return to· these patterns and recall our goals. We Vietnam. · THE BRAVE NEVER DIE . want a Vietnam which can rule itself in a manner its citizens think most likely · · to affect their safety and happiness . .We THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ~- HON. DANTE B. FASCELL want in Vietnam a gove~ent respon- GI BILL OF FLORIDA sive to all elements of its national com- . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munlty and not a government we either impose or tolerate which is disruptive HON. C~RENCE E. MILLER ·Thm·sday, June 19, 1969 of such representation and responsibility. - OF OHIO Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, with the It is clearer today than ever before IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · Vietnam war still with us our-efforts for that the present government in Saigon Thursday, June 19, 1969 peace in other parts of the world often is without the support· of its own people. seem insignificant. But unfortunately~ as That govertunent e~ists and persists as Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, we all know, ·other wars exist where men a malodorous remnant of our ·earlier June 22d is a memorable date for almost fight and die for freedom though we may policy-now happily repudiated-of _27 .million Americans who have served in . hear less about them than Vietnam. seeking a military victory. It is kept in the Armed Forces of this c_ountry. When the efforts for peace have failed power solely ·by American support. That Twenty-five years ago, on June 22, 1944, and we· have been driven to war, we have support becomes the· justification and the first Servicemen's Readjustment Act, been fortunate in maintaining our free­ the means by which political- and reli­ or GI bill, was signed into law. This dom. Not -all nations, unhappily, main­ gious freedom is ravaged, by which stu­ landmark legislation was passed· by the tain that freedom that once was·· theirs. dents, opposition leaders, and journalists Congress without a single dissenting vote This past Memorial Day brought vet- are jailed, and by which extensive 'cot- ' in the closing days of World War II~ . era:ris of many different ·wars and Ameri­ 11.iption is made possible. . · On that date every man and woman cans of many d~fferent origins together. Support for such a government de­ who had served honorably in the uniform An excellent tribute made by a CUban­ means the sacrifices made by thousands of the Unite4 States became eligible for Amerlcan,-Manuel J. Reyes, Latin Amer-. of American war casualties, it demeans assistance in a number of programs de­ ican News director of WTVJ-televlsion, the serious and well-intentioned efforts signed to help veterans in their readjust­ was presented to the veterans of the by the American people to understand ment to civilian life. The GI bill, how­ Spanish-American War in Miami, Fla. I and help the Vietnamese people. ever, could only provide the opportunity. am pleased to call to the attention of my Ending American support for the As always, the individual still had to colleagues the moving speech Mr. Reyes Thieu-Ky government will certainly succeed in his schoolwork or vocational ·made in behalf of all Americans who cause that government's early fall. This training; he was required to pay back have fought and continue to fight for is the best indication that that govern­ his home, farm, or business loan. freedom for the people in all nations: ment lacks any real basis of support The GI bill of World War II set a The Brave never die! among the Vietnamese. The sooner we precedent. It made all Americans realize This is why, death will never defeat the make the hard decision to abandon these that for the sacrifices a fighting man Veterans of the Spanish-American War! leaders whom we installed in an earlier, must make for his country, we, too, had Those gallant men who in the year 1898, in less enlightened pe1iod of American an obligation that must be met. The the prime of their youth, renounced to all policy, the sooner we can end, with dig­ Nation realized that displacement from of life's wealth and as volunteers (the first volunteers of the United States' Army), went nity and honor, our tragic involvement the normal social and economic environ­ overseas to defend freedom. in the affairs of the Vietnamese people. ment of civilian life for.a period of time Strong men who with their fighting. As long as we continue supporting the · by those who entered serVice had placed placed the United States in a category of present government in Saigon, we will them at a disadvantage in our competi­ first worid power and as a country of hope hamper the discussions among Viet­ tive society. · for the poor and the oppressed. namese from which must develop the While no government, or people, could Like I have done year after year, since I political institutions they need to govetn give back those years or repay the hard­ came into exile, I am here with you again, themselves when our withdrawal is com­ ships experienced in wartime some on this Memorial Day, to honor those who means of equity could be provided. This fell in 1898, fighting for the freedom and plete. dignity of the human being. The most recent example of repress­ was the objective of the GI bill. Cuba was one of the countries where you ing political discussion in Vietnam came Benefits were extended to Korean vet­ and your fellow-soldiers went on that noble this week when the summoning by police erans and then to those serving during task. of four leaders of an opposition organi­ the Vietnam conflict. Over a million This is why, today, as a Cuban and I am zation, the Progressive National Com­ Vietnam-era veterans have already par­ and will be until the day I die, even if I dle mittee, headed by Tran Ngoc Lieng. This ticipated in education and training pro­ at the last corner of the world, but as a committee was only formed on June .4 grams. Cuban, I want to unite my prayers to yours, and its principal offense seems to have The GI bill has been an unqualified with the greatest respect and admiration, been its initial public statement favoring as true brothers. I want to unite my prayers success, the entire Nation has benefited to yours on behalf of a country and a people ·•a gove1nment of reconciliation" that immensely. More than 380,000 new who were not born to be slaves, on behalf of would be composed of "nationalist ele­ teachers, 84,000 new doctors, 30,000 new the Cuban people in the martyred island and ments acceptable to both sides." dentists, and 15,000 new nurses financed 1n exile. This reasonable hope, which is so mod­ some or all of their education under the Because, if my people were not silenced by erate that it might have been uttered GI bill. In addition, over 3 million work- terror and tyranny imposed over them, I 16690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 know that if my people could talk, they I include herewith the letter and staff lems uncovered have been divided into four would be here today, praying for those who report at this point in the RECORD: general areas: fell a.t San Juan Hill 1n Oriente Province, so 1. Registration to vote. that Cuba could be free. U.S. COMMISSION ON CiviL RIGHTS, z. Quallficatlon as a candidate. And it is because our brotherhood 1s sealed Washington, D.C., June 16, 1969. 3. The conduct of the election. with the blood of those who, on your part or Hon. ROBERT TAFT, Jr., 4. The role of Federal Observers. House of Representatives, ours, joined 1n a common fighting action to REGISTRATION '1:0 VOTE :tree Cuba. Washington, D.C. There was no other alternative at that DEAR MR. TAFT: I am sending you a copy In many of the towns visited by the Com­ time. of a Commission Staff Report on Irregular­ m1ssion staff, it was reported that black per­ And today, !aced with a. slmllar situation, ities 1n the May 13 Municipal Elections In sons no longer have fears of adverse conse­ which has already prolonged itself for over Mississippi which we have filed with Sub­ quences if they register to vote. This was ten years, the alternatives have disappeared committee No. 5 of the House Committee not true everywhere, however. In Woodville, little by little. on the Judiciary. The facts presented and for example, a black candidate stated that There 1s but one way left for the noble the issues raised in this report relate to people were still afraid to register to vote Cuban people 1n their fight to overthrow the proposed extension of the Voting Rights in Wilkinson County. As an example of the the tyranny: A way which you, united to Act of 1965. fear that still exists In the Woodville area, the CUban Freedom Fighters, bravely took Although a number of black candidates he noted that wh-en three college students in 1898. A way thru which there is no re­ were successful, most notably Charles Evers from Michigan State University who sel'Ved turn and leads to a Spartan climax: Freedom who was elected mayor of Fayetteville, Mis­ as poll watchers for black candidates during or Ashes. sissippi, the report documents many in­ the election had to leave the town very late You helped to free Cuba during the past stances of discriminatory practices which at night, local black residents in&lsted that century. But today Cuba is living the worst the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was enacted they be escorted to McComb by the Deacons tyranny of all Its history. to ellminate. Another central finding of the of Defense. In Itta Bena there were reports report Is that not one black candidate in of threats to bomb a black candidate's head­ The tragedy of the Cuban people is so quarters the night before the election. A great; the suJiering of the Cuban mothers counties where Federal Observers were present believed the election would have guard was placed around the headquarters is so great; and despair of its best men is by local black persons the entire night. It so great.••. and at the same time, the been run in a honest manner were it not for the presence of these observers provided for was also noted 1n Woodville that several can­ courage o! that same people is so great, that didates who had held jobs either with the the only way left is freedom, or let Cuba as in the Voting Rights Act. In counties where Federal observers were not present, there school system or the county had recently lost a whole be burnt to ashes thru the wm of thed'r 1obs as a result of seeking elective office its people. So that from the ashes of Com­ was a division of opinion as to whether there had been an honest election. or because they were actively Involved with munism, a new CUba, free, sovereign, inde­ the NAACP. Their contracts were not re­ I believe the report will be useful in pendent and democratic, will arise. newed after their involvement had become And today, by joining my prayers to demonstrating that the original objectives common knowledge. of the Voting Rights Act to enforce the 15th yours. two people who were born to be A. black candidate in Moorhead, Sun­ Amendment in those States were historically tn brothers, by praying to God for the eternal flowet" County, stated that some black per­ rest of those who gave their lives 1n the the right to vote had been denied on ac­ sons were afraid to register to vote for fear Philippines, 1n Puerto Rico and in CUba; count of race and color still have not been that white persons would take economic let's tell them that their sacrifice was not achieved. reprisals against them. A similar reluctance in vain. Let's tell them to rest peacefully If I can be of any further assistance, please to register was reported in rural areas of in their graves ••• because their heirs, mak­ do not hesitate to contact my omce. Quitman County by a black candidate !or ing their glorious history come alive again, Sincerely yours, office 1n Marks. have joined to proclaim at this cemetery, HOWARD A. GLICKSTEIN, Problems 1n registertng to vote for the before their graves, a cry that will be heard Acting Director. cl.ty elections were widespread. Difficulties in CUba, a cry which wm shake the Island were reported 1n Summit, Pike County; from one end to the other; a cry which will MAY 13, 1969, MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN Bolton and Edwards, Hinds County; Clarks­ raise the people against the tyrant: Freedom MrssiSSIPPI dale, Coahoma. Oounty; Duran~ Lexington or Ashes! (U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Staff and Goodman, Hoimes County and Leland, Report) Washington County. Primary elections were held on May 13, A black candidate for omce In Summit STAFF REPORT OF U.S. COMMIS­ 1969 by numerous Mississippi municipalities stated that black persons deslriDg to vote had SION ON c:rvn. RIGHTS to choose candidates for the June 3, 1969 difficulty 1n finding the Summit city clerk general election. The U.S. Commission on in order to register with him. Ullder Missis­ Civil Rights sent two attorneys to the state sippi law~ a voter must register with the HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR. for a week to observe the elections and speak county registrar and with the clt'J clerk in order to vote in municipal elections. Section 01' OHIO with many of the black candidates who sought political office and their supporters. 3211 of the Mississippi Code provides that the lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES registrar "shall register the electors of his On May 13, 1969 Comm~ion statf attor­ county at any time" and section 3374-61 Thursday, June 19, 1969 neys observed the conduct of the election makes this provision applicable to municipal in Fayette, JetferBon County; Woodvllle, Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, in the Wash­ clerks, who act as registrars for municipal Wilkinson County; Gloster, Amite County; elections. Until the deadline for registering ington Post this morning, there ap­ Lexington, Durant, Goodman, and Pickens, peared an article by John P. MacKenzie for the primary election had pe.ssed, the Holmes County; and Belzoni, Humphreys city clerk in Summit, who has another full­ infelTing that the Attorney General was County. Commission staff visited the polling time job, was only available !or registration recommending against the extension of places throughout the day and kept 1n con­ between 3 p.m. and 7 p.m. on Tuesdays· and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Since the tact with black candidates and their sup­ Wednesdays. In the :future, however, the Attorney General has not yet testified porters in these cities. The rest of the week clerk 1n Summit has reportedly agreed to on the subject and is not quoted in the they ~poke with black candidates and their register voters at any time, except on Sun­ supporters in other Mississippi towns. In all days. Pike, the county 1n which Summit is article, the inferences, and conclusions they spoke with black candidates or their drawn from it are subject to serious located, has not been designated for Federal campaign workers in 20 towns scattered Examiners. It was reported that the town question. among a total of 15 counties. clerk in Edwards is in his office only from The need for extension of the act is Most. of the black candidates interviewed, 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. Monday through Friday. clear and should not be confused or regardless o! whether they won or lost and Thus, it is very difficult for people who work jeopardized by other legislation propos­ regardless of whether they believed the elec­ during the day to register in the city. ing changes or improvements in voting tion had been fair, believed that there would In several of the towns noted above~ county procedures on a nationwide basis. The not have been as fair an election had it not clerks did not inform the newly registered been for the presence of the Federal Ob­ voter that it was necessary for him to register tremendous progress made since the servers and the presence of numerous law­ in the city as well. Thus, large numbers of 1965 enactment of the act makes this yers and others serving as poll watchers. Al­ black persons were unable to vote 1n munici­ clear, but it. does not mean that the though there were criticisms of the manner pal elections because they had not registered problems and practices necessitating its in which the Federal Observers carried out in the city, even though they had registered passage have vanished. This is testified their duties, not one black candidate in a at the county courthouse. to amply by a recent staff report by two county where Federal Observers were present In one town where no primary was held, believed the election would have been run but where black candidates ere running as attorneys of the U.S. Commission on 1n an honest manner were it not for the Civil Rights, Mr. George Bradley and independents, two black voters alleged that presence o! the!>e observers. In counties the city clerk was present when they regis­ Mr. Richard Seymour, brought to my at­ where Federal Observers were not present, tered with the county eler:t, and that he told tention by a letter from Mr. Howard there was a. division of opinion as to whet her them he would take care o! the city regis­ Glickstein, Acting Director of the t here had been an honst election. tration for them. He did not, however, and Commission. For convenience in reporting, the prob- t heir ballot s were challenged. One black June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16691

voter was told by the same city clerk, when run and thought they had qualified. The ab­ date for mayor and eight white and o~e she saw him in 1966 after having been listed sence of a Democratic Party Executive Com­ black candidates for the fi:\Te alderman posi­ by the Federal Examiner, that she already mittee in those communities required candi­ tions. To avoid this, the county White Citi­ was on the city books. Her name, however, dates to use a different procedure for qualify­ zens Council sent a letter to all white voters was not on the list and thus her ballot was ing and the black candidates were not in­ asking them which white candidates they challenged. formed of this procedure. believed should withdraw from the race. In another town, witnesses reported that In Friars Point, for example, where the They apparently were at least partially t he county clerk harassed black persons who Justice Department subsequently on May 17 successful, as it was reported that one of attempted to register with her. In July 1968, filed a suit, black candidates sought to qualify the white candidates for mayor had with­ a local civil rights volunteer took a crippled for the primary by filing their papers with drawn his name. A copy of the letter is at­ black woman and four other black persons the County Democratic Party Executive tached to this report. In contrast to the (two to register, and two to help the crip­ Committee. The local newspapers allegedly tone of the letter, a campaign poster is pled woman) to the clerk's office. The clerk reported that the black candidates had attached illustrating the slogan used by refused to allow the crippled woman to sit qualified for the primary. Shortly before the several black candidates in the area: "Don't while she was registering, instead forcing primary, however, it was ann~unced that the vote for a black man. Or a white man. Just her to walk from table to table for different black candidates had not qualified for the a good man.... Doesn't that sound good." parts of the registration process. This took primary, because they allegedly had not com­ In Canton, some black candidates qualified about 15 minutes, the clerk asserting that, plied with certain statutory requirements. to run in the Democratic primary; others after all, the woman would have to stand Despite the fact that they had allegedly filed running as independents will appear on the while voting. On two occasions-July 1968 their papers several weeks before the deadline ballot in the June 3 general election. The and February 1969-this clerk allegedly sent for qualifying either in the Democratic pri­ city, however, allegedly redistricted the muni­ a deputy out to buy spray deodorizer while mary or as independents, they were not cipal boundaries eliminating a large number black persons were being registered. notified that they had not qualified until of black persons and adding a number of Another widespread problem was that a after these deadlines had passed. The Justice white residents. The city did not, as re­ large number of names listed by the Federal Department suit charged that "without gen­ quired by the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Examiners were not placed on the city rolls. eral notice to the public, [the defendants) submit these changes to the Attorney Gen­ As a consequence many persons who had altered the procedure for qualifying." This eral or the District Court in Washington, been listed by the Federal Examiners had was done without obtaining the approval of D.C. for approval. A suit was brought in Fed­ their ballots challenged, while others, antici­ the Attorney General as required by Section eral court and on May 10, 1969 the holding pating challenge, did not cast ballots at all. 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. of a primary and general election was Such problems were reported in Woodville, In Centerville several black persons at­ enjoined. Wilkinson County; Vicksburg, Warren tempted to qualify to run 1n the May 13 THE CONDUCT OF THE ELECTION County; Edwards and Bolton, Hinds County; primary for city positions. They filed the On the day of the primary, election ir­ Clarksdale and Jonestown, Coahoma County; required notice with the city clerk 1n Center­ Itta Bena, Leflore County; Marks, Quitman regularities occurred in a large number of ville and with the Secretary of the Demo­ communities in which black candidates ran. County; and Lexington, Durant and Good• cratic Committee in Woodville. They were man, Holmes County. In some of these cases Among the most frequent irregularities told by the clerk at the town hall in Center­ were restrictions upon the activities of poll the Federal Examiners failed to transmit the ville that the town did not have a primary names of persons listed by them to the ap­ watchers for black candidates. Title 14, sec­ election. They were not told, however, that tion 3128 of the Mississippi Code states: propriate city officials. there was a procedure for obtaining a pri­ In March, local campaign workers dis­ Each candidate shall have the right, either mary election. To run 1n a municipal pri­ in person or by a representative to be named covered that the names of 150 black persons mary in a town without a Municipal Execu­ in Itta Bena who had registered with the by him, to be present at the polling place, tive Committee it is necessary to petition and the managers shall provide him or his Federal Examiner were not on the city lists. the Chairman of the County Executive Com­ This was brought to the attention of the representative with a suitable position from mittee to call a special meeting of registered which he or his representative may be able Civil Service Commission office in Jackson. voters. At this meeting a temporary Execu­ That office allegedly was able to get 108 of to carefully inspect the manner in which tive Committee is elected. This Committee the election is held." the names placed on the city books for the runs the primary election. They learned elections, but apparently determined or as­ Despite this provision, election officials in from civil rights lawyers in Jackson, how­ Marks allegedly required poll watchers repre­ sumed that the 42 others lived outside Itta ever, that even though they were unable to Bena. At the May 13 primary, an additional senting the black candidates to sit 20 feet run in the Democratic primary they could from the election tables. From that distance, 12 black persons were allegedly turned away qualify as independents 1f they obtained because they were not on the city lists, al­ they could not see enough of what was signatures from 75 registered voters. Three happening to do more than tally the ballots though they too had been listed by the candidates were able to get the necessary sig­ Federal Examiner. voted. In Jonestown, the election officials at natures, even though they learned of this first challenged the right of the student vol­ In one town, persons listed by the Federal possib111ty the day before the filing deadline. Examiner, but whose names were not on the unteer poll watchers to be there. After re­ Thus they were able to get on the ballot for portedly telephoning an outside source, the registration books, were permitted to cast the June general election. In North Carroll­ challenged votes. When a ballot is chal­ officials allowed these poll watchers to re­ ton, in Carroll County, and Pickens, in main, but seated them so far back of the lenged, the Democratic Executive Committee Holmes County, black candidates attempting decides whether to count it. The chairman polling place, at the insistence of the man­ to qualify as Democrats were told there was ager, that they could not see the names on of the Democratic Executive Committee in no primary and therefore had to qualify as that town is alleged to have said, in refer­ the books and thus could not carry out all of independents. As in Centerville they were the normal functions of poll watchers. In ence to challenges by poll watchers for black not told there was a procedure by which a candidates: "Let them challenge all they Leland, where no Federal Observers were primary could be held. present, the election officials also allegedly want because the challenge comes through A black candidate in one town in Hinds me and I wll1 handle them the way I want." required poll watchers for the black candi­ County, however, was unable to qualify for dates to stand so far away from the tables When the Federal Examiner arrived in election because she wa8 unaware of the Holmes County in March, he apparently made that they were unable to check the qualifica­ proper procedures to follow. She allegedly tions of voters. And, although section 3164 no effort to publicize his presence. Commis­ filed her papers to run for office with the sion staff talked to many local black per­ of the Code specifically provides that candi­ sons-<:andidates and campaign managers as town clerk before the filing deadline. Some­ dates and their representatives have the right one, however, told her that she had to take to observe and inspect the counting of the well as voters--who did not know he was in the papers to the Mayor. She returned to the Lexington until his presence was discovered ballots, the poll watchers in Clarksdale were by accident on his last day there. Predictably, town clerk, obtained her papers from him not allowed near the machines or tally tables he did not list anyone during his visit to and took them to the Mayor who informed during the tally of votes. They protested, Lexington. her that he had nothing to do with the but were not allowed closer. Lack of such publicity was a widespread election. She then went back to the clerk's Although many municipalities a~ross the problem throughout Mississippi. Little or no omce, but he had left. She returned the next State had black election officials working at advance publicity was given in any of the day and gave the papers to the clerk, but the polling places, only a few had more than counties. While some civil rights leaders were was told that she was one day past the dead­ a token number of black persons, and the apparently informed of the presence of Fed­ line and, therefore, the clerk refused to put black persons working in the polling places eral Examiners, in most cases nothing else her on the ballot. were under the supervision of the white elec­ was done. As could be expected, few persons In Woodville, black voters were totally ex­ tion managers. In Woodville, Clarksdale, and were listed by the examiners. A list showing cluded from a second unofficial "white pri­ other cities, white election managers were "the cotmties in Mississippi where examiners mary." All the black candidates for the reluctant to render assistance to illiterates, were sent and the number of persons listed Democratic primary were defeated. However, although the courts have held that the Vot­ is attached. black and white persons had qualified as in­ ing Rights Act of 1965 requires that this dependent candidates for mayor and alder­ assistance be given, and that illiterates be QUALIFICATION AS A CANDIDATE man. Thus, there was a possibility that the informed of its availability. United. States v. In several towns primaries were not held white vote would be split since there were Louisiana, 265 F. Supp. 703 (1966) , af!'d. per eyen though black candidates had sought to two white candidates and one black candi- cu 1·iam, 386 U.S. 270 (1967). In Vicksburg, 16692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS J-une 19, 1969 a black election official was told that she ward requested that these persons be per­ in that part of the polllng place needed as­ could not help illiterates who asked for her mitted to cast challenged ballots he re­ sistance or when it was being given to them. assistance in voting. She was told that the portedly was told that this was not the Seats from which they could have observed election manager would appoint someone to custom in Vicksburg, apparently because the all of the events in the polling place were assist illiterates needing assistance. He in­ city used machines. It was not till 1:30 p.m., available. In Woodv1lle, the volunteer poll variably appointed one of the operators of six and a half hours after the polls had watchers on several occasions suggested to the voting machines, all of whom were white, opened, that paper ballots were furnished for black voters needing assistance that Federal despite the voters' request.s that a black elec­ those persons whose right to vote had been Observers were present, and asked if the tion official assist them. challenged, notwithstanding sec. 3170 of the voters wanted an observer present while they In Lexington, a black election official is Mississippi Code which dearly establishes the received assistance in casting their vote. At reported to have told a student poll watcher procedure for the challenging of ballots. least one observer, when told by a poll that the election officials had been instructed In Lexington, local officials of the munici­ watcher that a voter desired him to observe, not to give or offer help to voters until the pal Democratic Executive Committee al­ stated "If the voter wants me, tell him to voter needing assistance asked them. In legedly purged the names of 83 black persons come over and get me." polling places throughout the State, illiter­ and 67 white persons from the poll books In that town, a volunteer poll watcher­ ate voters frequently seemed unaware that shortly before the election. An overwhelming an out-of-state attorney-charged that the assistance was available, but quickly asked majority of black voters in Holmes County Federal Observers did not bother writing up for it when poll watchers for the black can­ had registered by being listed by the Federal a report of an incident in which a bla-ek didates informed them of its avallab1Uty. Examiner. Although the local offiicals refused woman was handed a ballot, walked over Instructions such as those allegedly given in to give a list of those purged to representa­ toward the booth, but appeared 'uncertain Lexington deprive such voters of the means tives of the black candidates, it is likely that about what she should do. ·As she approached of voting as they wish. most of the blacks purged from the poll books the table an election official reportedly took Sec. 3272 of the Mississippi Code provides had been listed by the Federal Examiner. the unmarked ballot out of her hand and that voters who are blind or disabled "shall Sections 7 and 9 of the Voting Rights Act of placed it in -the box. Despite' vocal protests have the assistance of one of the ma~agers or 1965 establish an exclusive procedure, includ­ by poll watchers about this matter, the ob­ other person of his own selection" in the ing provision for a prompt hearing, by which servers apparently felt the issue was too marking of his ballot. In one instance in allegedly unqualified voters listed by a Fed­ frivolous to report. During the counting of Vicksburg, however, a poll watcher reported eral Examiner may be removed from a list. the ballots, a Commission staff attorney no­ that a blind woman was denied assistance Even if intended in good faith, the alleged ticed tha-t the Federal Observers, at first, by the "person of her choosing".:,_her black purge of the names of black voters from the were making a brief notation as to the rea­ sister. A white official insisted on casting poll books violated the procedural safeguards son ea-eh time there was a ballot on which her ballot for her. provided by the Voting Rights Act. votes were not counted. Later in the eve­ In Itta Bena, white election officials as- . To challenge unquallfied voters effectively, ning, however, he noticed that they appeared sisting illiterates reportedly tried to infiu­ a. candidate n·ormally needs to be able to to have lost their interest, and fa-iled to do ence the illiterates not to vote for the black inspect the poll books some time in advance this on several occasions. candidates. It was also reported in .Vic~s­ of the election, searching for names of per­ · Black candida1ies and poll watchers at the burg, where no Federal Observers were pres­ sons still on them who are not currently Woodvill~ election were extremely critical ot ent~ that black voters who did not requ.est qualified to vote. Sec. 3211 of the Mississippi the role of the Federal Observers. One stu­ assistance often had white election officials COde requires that the "registrar shall keep Uent from Michigan State University, a poll entering their booth under the pretense of his · books open at his office," and sec. watcher for one of the black candidates, giving assistance. 8374-61 re:Qders this provision appllcable to charged that the Federal Ob&ervers chal­ In Itta Bena, an armed white deputy municipal clerks. In one town in Holmes lenged their rlght to observe the election. sheriff, apparently there to maintain order, County, a black representative of the local After the poll watchers showed them the sat between the two tables being used for the black candidates stated that-he had ori three Mississippi statute whtch did not prohibit election,· allegedly harrasing black persons. occasions att~mpted to see the voter registra­ out-of-state people from acting as poll As a result, some left without voting. The tion books maintained by the city clerk in watchers, the Federal Observers challenged election officials made no effort to moderate the t:lerk's office at a local bank. On each their right to stand near the table where his conduct. Also in that city, a white elec­ of these occasions, access to the l:)ooks was the ballots and ballot box were kept. In both tion official allegedly demanded that . four allegedly denied, on the ground that business instances the local election officials. upheld black women give her their marked ballots, was too pressing. When white volunteers the right of the poll watchers. rather than place them in the box. The came to look at the books the day before The Commission in lt.s 1968 Political Par­ women now fear that their ballots were never the election, however, the clerk produced ticipation report criticized the Department counted. them at once. of Justice policy of "keeping the Federal In Vicksburg, one of the polling places for In Edwards, Mississippi the chairman and a presence a.s inconspicuous as possible" when a largely-black area was reportedly changed few of the other members of the Municipal observers were sent into polllng places. It without publicity. When black persons Democratic Executive Committee met with­ recommended that the Attorney General showed up at their regular polllng place to out informing the black members of the com­ "should announce publicly in advance of the vote, the lection officials stated that there mittee. At this meeting they appointed a eleotion that Federal Observers wlll be pres­ had been a change, but refused to aid the number of Negroes closely aligned with the ent and should assure that the observers are voters in finding their proper voting place. white power structure in the city to serve a.s identified a.s Fedreal officials." , As a consequence, many of these persons did election officials and to aid illlterate persons This recommendation ha.s never been im­ not vote. In Greenwood, one black voter wa.s in voting. plemented, and the Department kept secret, not allowed to vote until she had "hounded" The Commission staff was unable to docu­ until the last minute, the cities and polling the election officials for several minutes, al­ ment an earlier report from Vicksburg that places in which Federal Observers would be though her name was on the voting lists. election officials had told hundreds of black present for the May 13 election. The rea.sons In Clarksdale, four black persons attempted voters that it was unnecessary to vote for stated by the Commis.sion for its stand in to vote, but were turned away because two candidates, that they could cast a single 1968, however, remain true today: their names were already marked as having ballot for the black candidates. This would "The subdivisions where the assignment of have been contrary tO the full slate require­ observers is warranted are those in which voted. One of the student volunteers felt that ment, and such ballots would not be some of these instances were explained by there is a lik~llhood of discrimination at the there being more than one person with the counted. polls. It is important for Negro voters in same name registered but the name ap­ THE ROLE OF FEDERAL OBSERVERS these subdivisions to know that observers peared on the lists only once. At first, the Notwithstanding the general agreement will be present to deter local election officials election officials refused to permit the casting among the black candidates interviewed, that from subjecting Negroes who attempt to vote of a challenged · ballot; later, they relented. the May 13 primary would have been far to discrimination and the harassment, indig­ A white voter in this situation wa.s allegedly more unfair if the Federal Observers and nity, and humiliation which accompany it." allowed to vote by machine upon his oral volunteer student and lawyer poll watchers The Commission's recommendation that statement that he had not already voted. had not been present, there were serious the observers be identified as Federal officials The officials ignored the challenge of the problems arising frcm the manner in which has, similarly, not been implemented. Across student volunteers. After that, a black voter some of the Federal Observers conducted the State during the May 13 election, Fed­ in the same situation was also permitted to themselves and from the policies under which eral Observers failed to identify themselves vote by machine. they operated. by word or by any kind of sign or official A slightly different variation occured in In Clarksdale, for instance, the Federal insignia. In its 1968 report, the Commission Vicksburg. A number of voters of a pre­ Observers frequently did not observe the as­ stated that "identification of the observers dominantly black ward, and presumably also sista.nce being given to illiterate black vot­ [would] serve to confirm to Negro voters that some in predominately white wards, were ers. In Goodman, they stationed themselves they will be afforded comparable treatment unable to ftnd their names on any books; in a location from which it was impossible with other citizens at the polls." Without their names had apparently been dropped to see several of the voting booths, and con­ identification of the observers and advance for some reason. When a poll watcher at this sequently did not know when black voters notice of their presence, black voters feel no June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16693 such assurance. In one community visited Commis-sion staff attorney if he could not by a Commission staff attorney, a black can­ get the Federal Observers out of the ballot­ County Mar. 8 Mar.l5 ·Mar. 22 Mar. 29 Total didate-did not know, two days after·the elec­ ing place. On reflection later, however, these same persons agreed that there would have tion, whether a Federal Observer had been Clay ______-_ 0 0 0 Coahoma ____ : ______- 0 ~-~-- - ~-- present. In Itta Bena, poll watchers for the been widescale fraud but for the mere fact 0 0 ~- -~ --~--- 0 black candidates knew that Federal Observ­ of the· observers' presence. DeSoto ______0 0 0 Forrest______0 0 -·------0 ers were present, but did not know which of SUMMARY ----·-io· Franklin ______-----0- 0 17 ')] the white persons standing about they were. The election Of some black persons to Hinds ______35 43 80 158 - In its 1968 report, the Commission rec­ Holmes ______0 0 0 ~p.unicipal office in Mississippi is evidence 0 ------i· ommended that the Attorney General should that some changes have occurred in Missis­ Humphreys •• _-···· ___ 11 14 26 "instruct Federal Observers that they have· a Jasper------·--·--· 2 1 ------3 sippi since the passage of the Voting Rights Jefferson •••• --·-·· ___ 8 0 ---··---- 8 duty to point out to local election officials Act of 1965. Even with these victories, how­ Jefferson irregularities affecting Negro voters.... " Davis •••• ______• 0 1 1 ever, virtually all cities and towns in Missis­ Jones ______-·--· ------4 One of the reasons for this recommendation sippi will still be governed by all-white local 2 2 was that under the Department of Justice Leflore ••• __ • 22 58 78 ···-·ios · 266 governments. Madison ••••• 0 19 68 68 155 policy that observers s-hoUld take "only such Interviews with observations by staff at­ MarshalL ••• 0 3 0 ------3 steps as may be necessary to fulfill the ob­ Neshoba •••••• ___ -·-·· 2 1 ·------3 torneys suggest that this is in part due to 0 2 2 servational function", and that the irregu­ the following: Newton •.•••••••• -·-·- ·-·--·3a· larities they observe should be reported first Noxubee .••••••• •••.•• 0 42 72 1. Many black persons in Mississippi still Oktibbeha ••• ······-·· 37 15 13 65 to the captain of the observer team, and fear economic or other reprisals if they reg­ Rankin •••••••••••••• _ 0 0 ·-·--·iii" 0 then to a Department of Justice attorney, ister to vote or openly support black candi­ Sharkey ••• --·······-· 9 18 37 who wlll take it up with election officials, Simpson..... 2 0 25 25 52 dates. - Walthall •••••••• ______13 5 22 40 [m]uch or an of the election day may 2. Officials in some cases have made regis­ Warren ______- 12 8 16 36 elapse . . . before the matter is settled." tration difficult for black persons by nar­ Wilkinson ••••• __ ••• __ • 16 11 1 28 In the May 13 primary, the Federal Ob­ rowly llp:liting hours for registration, by fail­ Winston. __ ------0 8 5 13 servers acted only as passive recorders of ing adequately to inform applicants of pro­ TotaL .• 24 228 365 389 1,006 events, refusing at all times to speak to the cedures required to vote in municipal elec­ election officials about even the most blatant tions, and in some cases by actually mis­ discrimination against black voters. A Com­ informing them as to these requirements. MAY 20, 1969. mission staff attorney in Woodville was in­ 3. Black persons continue to be excluded DEAR FELLOW CITIZEN OF WOODVILLE: Your formed by a lawyer from the Civil Rights from serving as election officials in most local Citizens Council is gravely concerned Division of the Department of Justice that areas of the State surveyed. about the political prospects in the Wood­ it was Department policy that the Federal 4. Offi.cials sometimes failed to assist or ville Municipal General Election which will Observers were to speak with no one. mi~ormed black candidates seeking to be held on June 3rd, and we feel sure that This meant that no Federal agent moni­ obtain places on the ballot, and some were you, as a public spirited white citizen, are toring the election would speak to local unable to run in the primary as a result. equally concerned. officials about even the most obvious irreg­ 5. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 estab­ First, may we emphasize the fact that we ularities until the Justice Department at­ lishes procedures to be followed before local have no axes to grind nor political fortunes torney assigned to that county or pair of officials change election requirements or to favor or oppose as to individuals, but are counties returned to the particular polling procedures or remove from the poll books taking this action purely and simply to en:.; place. In Itta Bena, this process allegedly persons listed by the Federal Examiners. In deavor to insure that white officials are took three hours from the first time an ir­ many instances throughout Mississippi, elected on June 3rd. regularity was brought to the attention of local officials took such actions without ob­ As you doubtless know, the present pros­ the Federal Observers by local poll watch­ serving the Act or any of the px:ocedural ers-at which time the observers admitted pects in the Mayor's race present two whl te safeguards provided by the election laws ot candidates and one negro candidate. In the that the black voter turned away was fully the State of Mississippi. qualified to vote-to the time when the Alderman race, there are eight white candi­ 6. The Federal Government neglected to dates and one negro. In both instances, the Justice Department attorney arrived. In take adequate steps to inform citizens of negroes are thus virtually assured of elec­ that time, a total of 26 voters in that situa­ the presence of Federal Examiners and thus tion had been turned away. Local candidates tion. examiners listed relatively few voters in re­ We feel that forgetting personal ambi­ and their poll watchers were ·given no in­ cent months. formation telling them how to get in touch tions or desires, some of the white candi­ 7. Some Federal Examiners failed to trans­ dates should withdraw so that there will be with Department representatives more mit the names of persons listed by· them to only one white candidate for each o~ce. It quickly. city- voting officials, and as a result many Neither the observers nor the local elec­ is our understanding that some of the can­ black voters throughout the State had their didates are agreeable to this, provided it tion officials informed voters that they could ballots challenged or were turned away from have assistance in voting and that Federal can be ascertained which ones the majority the polls. of the white-voters favor. Observers could watch the assistance being 8. Although most black candidates be­ given. Only if a voter asked for such assist­ lieved that the mere presence of Federal Ob­ In an attempt to determine the wishes of ance or if he was unable to write ll1s name servers improved the honesty of election the white voters of Woodville, we are there­ was he told that such assistance was avail­ procedures, a number of election irregulari­ fore, conducti:ng a "straw vote" election able. Since many llliterates are able to write ties occurred even where Federal Observers which we feel will be of tremendous assist­ their names but not able to read and under­ were present. ance in working out a compromise-provided stand the ballot, -this limited provision of 9. The effectiveness of Federal Obervere you, the voters, co-operate by taking part. information left many black voters, need­ was limited by their failure to make their We are enclosing herewith an unofficial ing a§Sistance, ignor~nt of the possibllity presence known to voters and by their fail­ ballot which we ask that you mark in pri­ that assistance could be given and that Fed­ ure to intervene at once when irregulari­ vate, seal in the enclosed envelope, and re­ eral Observers could watch it as it was being ties were observed. turn immediately by mail. You will note given. from the enclosure that there is no way Although the stated policy was that the U.S. GOVERNMENT MEMORANDUM, APRIL 3, your ballot can be identified, and your vote observers should talk with no one, a Com­ 1969 will thus be secret. As soon as possible, since mission staff attorney saw the observers in To: Files. the deadline for printing the Official Ballot Woodvllle engage in animated conversatiol) From: David H. Hunter. is very near, we will open these envelopes with the white election officials on numerous Subject: Mississippi voter registration. and tabulate the vote-in the presence of occasions. They did not seem to speak with Federal Examiners were 1n Mississippi to all candidates or their representatives. From poll watchers, black candidates or any local list persons to vote on four Saturdays in the resulting tally, we hope to be able to black people, however. Two observers there March. This was the only listing In Missis­ effect a compromise settlement of this grave also refused to speak to the Commission sippi by Federal Examiners in 1969 prior to Issue which faces us all. staff attorney when he asked one for the the holding of the municipal elections. A Please do not delay. Time is of the essence. np_mber of persons who had voted and the hyphen is used to indicate that no Federal Please mark and return the enclosed ballot oi;her~th~ one who had allegedly chal­ Examiner was in the county on that date. today. lenged the right of the poll watchers for the The results are as follows: May we thank you in advance for your co­ black canidates to be -there-for his name. operation, and again assure you that our Some of the local black persons under­ County Mar. 8 Mar. 15 Mar. 22 Mar. 29 Total only motive in undertaking this project is standably. felt that the observers were in public service in what we fee~ is the best in­ sympathy with the white community. At one ierests of the Town of Woodvile. Amite______0 · 0 5 point ln the afternoon, several poll watchers Benton.------____ _ 5 ·------s.uicerely. - and at least one black candidate asked the 0 0 ------0 Carroll______0 1 1 ------2 WILKINSON CoUNTY CITIZEN CoUNCIL. 16694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969

STRAW BALLOTS 1 operating nuclear submarine fleet of 65 attack WON'T FILE REPORTS FOR MAYOR, TOWN OF WOODVILLE and 41 Polaris submarines, and a small sub­ What this means in practice is that, for marine capable of exploring the ocean bot­ (Vote for One) now, the justices will not formally bind VV. H. Catchings ______( tom. themselves to give up all income for outside Respectively, services or to file any reports on their ft­ Marvin N. Lewis------( H. G. RICKOVER. nance8--{)bligations which lower federal FOR ALDERMAN, TOWN OF WOODVILLE judges were put under by the U.S. Judicial (Vote for Fottr) Conference a week ago. J. M. (Mac) Best______( However, each justice remains free to act Thomas M. Bryan ______( JUDICIAL ETHICS BUT NOT UNDER personally on the question. Justice Thur­ EARL WARREN good Marshall, the newest member of the Pat Cavin ------( court, has done just that. His office an­ Cage Chisholm ------( nounced yesterday that Marshall would H. B. CurrY------( HON. JOHN R. RARICK "abide by" what the Judicial Conference Anthony David ------( demanded of lower court judges. James (Jabbo) Herrington ______( OF LOUISIANA Repeating the idea that he, as a justice, Brandon Inxnan ------( IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is "not bound by" the conference's action, 1 This is not an Official Ballot, but merely Thursday, June 19, 1969 Mashall said he had decided to go an attempt by the Citizens Council to as­ along-with one exception. His annual fi­ certain the candidates preferred by the ma­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's nancial statement, he said, will be filed jority of the white voters of Woodville. See Washington Star carries a significant with his fellow justices, not with the letter attached. story relating to the ethics or indiffer­ administrative office of U.S. courts. ence thereto of the present members The administrative office is the house­ keeping agency for the federal judiciary. It of the Supreme Court--interestingly will keep on file the financial statements enough the story does not seem to be which lower court judges will begin fillng SUCCESSFUL FIRST SEA TRIALS OF intended for the wire services and the rest May 15. U.S.S. "SEAHORSE" of the country. SIMILAR ACTION URGED For 15 years the trusting American peo­ Warren's brief statement yesterday made ple have been thoroughly brainwashed clear that be wanted the high court mem­ HON. JAMES G. FULTON with the false idea that the Supreme bers to follow the example of the Judicial OF PENNSYLVANIA Court is next to God in infallability, and Conference, the policymaking body for the federal judiciary. He said he had "suggested IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sometimes, as in the school prayer deci­ sion, a little bit superior to the Diety. the propriety of the justices taking similar Thursday, June 19, 1969 action." For 15 years the American people have This apparently carried out a promise War­ Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. had the totally perverted doctrine drilled ren bad made to the members of the Ju­ Speaker, under leave to extend my re- into them that decisions of the Supreme dicial Conference last week. He apparently marks in the RECORD, I include the fol- Court are "the law of the land." For 15 helped promote conference action by leav­ lowing letter: years the Wan-en Court has been pro- ing the impression he would work for simi­ AT SEA, N RTH ATLAN·ric, rooted as the finest thing since 1776. lar self-denials by the justices. J'une 16,1969. But now, Mr. Speaker, the slips are It seemed clear that Warren had wanted his colleagues to act before his retirement. The Honorable JAMEs G . FuLTON. showing. Justice Fortas, who almost be- However, he will leave office Monday with­ u.s. Hottse_of Representatives. came Warren's worthy successor, out the court having taken a stand, as a DEAR MR. FULToN: We are returning from resigned in disgrace. Other Justices are body, on nonjudicial activities and compen­ the first sea trials of the uss Seahorse . shown to be business partners--some- sation. (SSN669), our 43rd attack type nuclear sub- t· 'th · d f th 1 1 Warren said "some of the justices" had marine. The ship completed all tests, includ- 1.me W1 .Jlf ges 0 e .ower co~ s ing full power operation, both surface and · 'Whose decisions they review.. Just~ce urged Friday that, since the end of the cur­ rent term was nearing and since there will submerged. The Seahorse, third United states .. D.ouglas .demea~s the C~>Urt daily With be two :new members of the court in the ship and the second United States submarine h1s erratlc and Irresponsible conduct. fall, "no action in the matter should be to bear this name, was built by the Electric Given the opportunity to adopt its taken before that time." Boat Company, Groton, Connecticut. own rules of ethical conduct, a majority The chief justice will be succeeded Mon­ The first Seahorse was a one-gun schooner of the Court refused to do so. Like many day by Federal Judge Warren E. Burger. The purchased in 1812 for service on Lake Borgne of the other very strange decisions made other new justice on the court next fall will near New Orleans. In 1815 she contributed to behind the closed doors of these Justices be the person President Nixon selects to re­ Andrew Jackson's victory in the Battle of th 1 f 1• the' f '1 1· Hi place Abe Fortas, who resigned amid a con­ New Orleans by repelling attacks of armed .e rea reason ° lr ai 1;1 e W troversy over his off-the bench conduct. British launches and by helping to delay PIO~a~ly never be knO\':n. Osten~Ibly, ~he The statement by Warren did not say how the advance of the British until the arrival of maJonty felt that With an mcommg the justices had voted on the postponement reinforcements to Jackson. She was run Chief Justice, the views of the outgoing issue and why some justices did not agree. ashore and burned to prevent her falling Earl Warren and the incoming Warren A court spokesman said there would be no into enemy hands. Earl Burger might not be the same on comment beyond Warren's statement. The second uss Seahcrse (S~304) was the question of judicial ethics. They While Marshall is the only justice to de­ commissioned 31 March 1943. In World War were diametrically opposed on the ques­ clare his willingness to abide by the express II, she made eight war patrols and sank tion presented in POWELL against Mc- restrictions on outside income and financial 20 Japanese ships for a total of 72,529 tons. reporting, Justice William J. Brennan Jr. She won nine battle stars a.s well a.s the CORMACK, as you know. has voluntarily given up all his outside ac­ Presidential Unit Citation. She was decom- Considering the ethics of the justices tivities, his office reported last week. He did missioned 2 March 1946, stricken from the of the Warren Court, we can hope that so as a "personal decision," it was reported. Navy Register in 1967, and sold for scrap- they will improve under the new Chief It is generally assumed that any attempt ping. · Justice-the question may not be too to impose restrictions on the justices would The new Seahorse is equipped with the hot for him to handle. be resisted by at least two court members, latest navigation and electronics systems, and A clipping from the Evening Star for Hugo L. Black and William 0. Douglas. a computer-controlled weapons system June 18 follows: Black has said he opposes any court "rule ' which enable her to detect and attack targets on the matter, and he and Douglas said in a at various distances. These characteristics, HIGH COURT DEFERS E-nnes CODE ISSUE joint opinion three years ago that federal combined with her ability to operate at high Supreme Court justices will take no judges are accountable only to the Senate speeds for long periods of time and the en­ formal action to give up outside income in impeachment proceedings. vironmental independence provided by nu­ until at least the fall, Chief Justice Earl Douglas' outside activities have been the clear propulsion, make her a powerful weapon Warren ha.s disclosed. subject of continuing congressional criti­ against surface ships and submarines alike. Warren issued a brief statement yesterday cism. In response to part of that criticism, In addition to the 43 attack type nuclear saying the justices had talked over the issue Douglas recently resigned his $12,000-a-yea.r :;ubmarines, we also have 41 Polaris subma­ of off-the-bench activities Friday. post as president of the Albert Parvin Foun­ rines, making a total of 84 nuclear sub­ Indicating the court was split on the ques­ dation. He remains as board chairman of the marines in operation. When all nuclear sub­ tion, he said "a majority of the justices Center for the Study of Democratic Institu­ marines presently authorized by Congress are agreed" to put off the issue untll the next tions, which pays him at the rate of $500 a completed, the United States will have an court terxn, beginning 1n October. day while on center business. June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16695

SUPREME COURT DECISION Justice·warren, Justice Douglas~ or other oratory, as professional and skilled mem­ Supreme Court Justices, but as it is bers of the staff. They cannot · hope to written. receive equivalent working and living HON. WALTER FLOWERS If we will consider the matter for a mo­ conditions elsewhere. For them, this de­ OF ALABAMA ment, we can easily see that 1f the three cision is both unjustified and cruel.· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTAnVEs equal and coordinate branches of Gov­ Mr. Speaker, I do not believe the Navy Thursday, June_19, 1969 · ernment-legislative, executive, and ju­ should be allowed to make irresponsible dicial-the order in which they are listed decisions of this sort and I favor mobi­ _ ¥r. FLOWERS. ID. .. Speaker, serious in the Constitution-are to, in fact, be lizing the influence of this body to halt questions of the relationship of the three equal and coordinate, the Judiciary must the move. "separate" branches of our Federal Gov­ not be permitted to continue to convince ernment are raised by the Supreme Court the public that it is the sole interpreter decision in the ADAM CLAYTON POWELL of the Constitution. All three branches THE DUQUESNE TAMBURITZANS case. This holds promise of becoming are created by the Constitution, but if another one of the Warren Courts' "in­ one is to determine the rights and powers famous" decisions. of the other two as provided in the docu­ One of the cornerstones upon which our HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS ment-Constitution-creating them, and OF PENNSYLVANIA democracy was built was the principle of if the other two-in this case, the legis­ "separation of powers" of the legislative, lative and executive branches-accept I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES executive, and judicial branches of Gov­ such action as binding, it can only re­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 ernment. This principle is thrown to the sult · in subservience to the Supreme Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, during my winds in the decision by the Court. Court and other Federal courts. pre-law studies at Duquesne University, From the beginning of our Nation, it I was fortunate to witness the forming ·has been a settled proposition that each of a young group of performing students House of Congress should be its own known as the Duquesne University Tam­ judge of the qualifications of its Mem­ CONGRE"SSMAN GILBERT PROTESTS buritzans which specialize in a wide vali­ bers. Historically, this has not been lim­ CLOSING BROOKLYN NAVAL AP­ ety of folk dancing and singing. Since ited to the named constitutional pre­ PLIED SCIENCE LAB that time their fame has spread far and _requisites or qualifications such as age, wide and in recent years they have residence, and citizenship. achieved international acclaim. - I must say that I am shocked by this HON. JACOB H. GILBERT I have just received from the Depart­ interpretation, severely limiting the pow­ OF NEW YORK ment of State a message from the Amer­ er of Congress, though certainly not sur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ican Embassy in Warsaw, Poland, and prised at it. . Thu1·sday, June 19, 1969 the Amerlcan Embassy in Bucharest, I am not even surprised at the lan­ Romania, proclaiming the success . of guage used by Justice Douglas in his Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, a few their tour which is sponsored by the De­ separate concurring opinion when he days ago, I and other members of the partment of State's cultural presenta­ refers to the case as one with "racist New York delegation met to hear a Navy tions program. overtones." Could it be that this jurist representative explain the reasons for Through the years the Duquesne Tam­ -would dismiss the fact that the final the reduction in operations at the Naval buritzans have traveled abroad and have vote in the House on March 1, 1967, ex­ Applied Laboratory in Brooklyn. been most successful as good will ambas­ cluded Representative POWELL by 307 to We listened very carefully, Mr. Speak­ sadors and have been instrumented in 116? This liberal Court is dedicated to er, and I must say in all candor that he cementing relations with foreign coun­ working its will upon society in our Na­ did not make a very convincing case tries. Judging from the recent reports tion through judicial interpretation, but that the change was in the national in­ they have done it again. I do not believe the Congress will sit idly terest. I continue to object to this deci­ I submit for the RECORD and invite the by at this further invasion into the legis­ sion and regard it as not only purpose­ attention of my colleagues to the mes­ lative field. In fact, if I read the mood of less but wasteful. I would hope that the sage received from the American em­ the other Members correctly, this could Navy will still show the wisdom to re­ bassies from abroad: verse this course. very well give the necessary impetus to In a whirlwind visit of only one and one various restrictions on the Federal ju­ The Naval Applied Science Lab was half days the Duquesne University Tamburit ­ dicial system. modernized just 2 years ago at the cost of zans intrigued and charmed their Warsaw For example, there is legislation now a quarter million dollars. The Navy does audience with a wide variety of American pending which would require reconfir­ not claim that it has superior facilities folk dancing and singing. Their performance mation of Federal judges at periodic anywhere. At Brooklyn, the Navy has on Monday night at the sold out Drama­ intervals such as every 6 years. I favor had opportunity to call on academic spe­ tyczny Theater was a complete success. The this proposal and also one which would cialists from the country's best univer­ songs and especially the colorful dances they sities, a practice the Navy admits it will performed, such as the Western Hoe Down, make retirement mandatory at age 70. their wonderfully Kicky Charleston, as well I have joined with a distinguished not be able to duplicate elsewhere. The as their striking ·cheerleaders' number all Member of the House, Congressman move may cost the Navy as much as $80 brought about prolonged applause. The t ap JAMIE WHITTEN, Of Mississippi, in an million in abandoned facilities. The Navy dance duo, the broadway medley, the authen­ ·effort to establish a permanent standing has been, 1n fact, most vague about any tic Indian dances and the square dance were committee on the Constitution in the advantages that would accrue to it by all first rate and received with long applause. Rouse of Representatives. shifting the work done at this labora­ But the "rock" finale brought down the Nowhere in the Constitution, nor else­ tory to some other location. house with rhythmic clapping for encores. Most important, Mr. Speaker, the The costuming, the skill and vivacity of where, is the Supreme Court given the the youthful performers and the realization sole right to interpret the Constitution; move will disrupt the lives of many New that this was an amateur group prompted but for years now its members have as­ Yorkers. Some 350 will lose their jobs. favorable comment from many with one of sumed that right, and so far have gotten Another 350 will be forced to relocate to Warsaw's major theater directors saying that away with it. Many of our problems have cities that are not only unfamiliar to this "was a fresh show, full of talent." arisen because both the executive and a them, but which fall to provide equiv­ As well as performing in Warsaw the Tam­ majority of the legislative body have alent service in schools, housing, and mies visited the famous Mazowsze dancers at stood by and let the Court assume the other vital needs. The personnel at the their training area located 25 kilometers from laboratory object ~trenuously to the Warsaw. The liiazowsze put on almost a com­ role of.sole interpreter of the Constitu­ plete performance for them ·and the two tion. and thereby, 1n effect, rewlite it. transfers and I am sure that the Navy, groups had an opportunity to sing some songs .Now a -majority of the people seem to be­ by its decision, will lose valuable trained together. There was lunch P!Ovided for them lieve the Court has and is entitled to ex­ men. and as the bus pulled out of the drive the ·ercise such power. As Members of Con­ I would also like to point out that a M~owsze · troupe Sa.ng a departing serenade. gress, we all swear to uphold the Con­ substantial contingent of minority group The group left for an extended tour of the stitution; not as interpreted by Chief breadwinners have worked at the lab- Soviet Union early Tuesday morning. 16696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 AMERICAN EMBASSY BUCHAREST To achieve this goal the Ridders are drive to set up an American League um.:. After a ·near-catastrophic beginning when contributing to the construction of a 10- pires Association patterned after an. or­ the. Opening show had to be cancelled because story structure which will house som.e ganiz~tion established by National their equipment falled to arrive on time, Du­ 230 patients. quesne' University's Tamburltzans took· the League umpires back in 1963. Cronin Bucharest publlc by storm Friday. Mr. and Mrs. Ridder can well be proud called the umpires incompetent; yet -he The young performers from Pittsburgh put of the service they have done for Long allowed Salerno to perform on the field on two shows yesterday in the Sala Palatului; Beach; and Long Beach is fortunate to for 7 years and Valentine for 6. Cronin Bucharest's largest and most prestigious hall, have· citizens like them. lent further incredulity to his charge of with barely 20 minutes betw~en shows to mop incompetence by offering Salerno a post t heir brows and recover their breaths. The as a scout for minor league umpires.· . late afternoon show was scheduled for the THE NATIONAL PASTIME It would seem clear that Cronin made more than 3,000 tickets holders who had to leave in disappointment when Thursday's his decision to release the umpires purely opening performance was cancelled. The reg­ HON. DAVID R. OBEY on business grounds-albeit grounds ular evening show yesterday also was seen­ which the majority of responsible busi­ and applauded stormily-by more than 3,000 OF WISCONSIN nessmen would abhor. If the men who persons, with people by the scores standing In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1·un baseball are going to run it solely the aisles for more than two hours. Thu1·sday, June 19, 1969 as a business operation they should be The opening sequence of Texas dances, treated as are other businessmen and with their sprightly music, colorful costumes Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, as a person subjected to the laws which affect othei· and fast-moving choreography captured the who has followed baseball with some af­ businesses. This includes antitrust laws. audience from the very beginning and it was fection since 1945, I can regretfully un­ evident that the Duquesne students main­ I am joining with 16 other Congress­ derstand why a good many Americans, men and Senators in attempting to tained rapport with it from then on. By the particularly the young, are becoming large, the fast numbers attracted the great­ achieve justice for Mr. Salen1o and Mr. est applause. It also was apparent that the disenchanted with an operation that was Valentine, by supporting their case before Bucharest public was more familiar .with­ once affectionately known as "the na­ the National Labor Relations Board. I and appreciativ~ of-some of the more recent tional pastime." I refer to baseball as "an also support Representative CLEMENT ZA­ aspects of American popular culture than its operation" bec~use it is becorillng in­ BLOCKI in his call for congressional re­ folkloric roots. Thus, the Charleston, the se­ creasingly evident that the powers that view of the present antitrust exemption lections from broadway shows, the tap danc­ be in baseball are rapidly turning a pop­ currently enjoyed by the baseball busi­ ing by Barbara Harris and Mary Woolsey and ular sport into a business operation based especially the mod of the sixties won the solely. on the ability to turn a profit. nessmen. If the baseball establishment greatest recognition. But what really brought remains unwilling to recognize its pub­ the house down was the virtuoso violin per­ That baseball' is no longer America's lic responsibilities, Congress must be wlll- formance of Romanian folk tunes by David national pastime is indicated by a 1·ecent ing to recognize its own. · · Kolar, played as an encore. The aul:lience Louis Harris survey which shows that broke into delighted applause on recognizing only 28 percent of the American public the tune after the first few bars and con­ now considers baseball its favorite tinued to chuckle and exclaim throughout sport-a decline of 28 percent in the STOP FEDERAL WASTE the long complicated passages: The public space of just 1 year. also appeared particularly impressed by the beauty, richness and variety of the costumes. Perhaps even more signi:ft,cant is Mr. As lavishly-garbed numbers followed each Harris' statement that "baseball is weak HON. JAMES M. COLLINS other, there were repeated exclamations of in the under-30 age group." OF TEXAS "beautiful!" There the trim red-white-and­ What has caused-this startling drop in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blue costumes of the Duquesne cheerleaders baseball's popularity? Of course, it is seemed to find particular favor. true that other sports have been attract­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 On Saturday morning the group taped a ing more and more fans. And, in recent Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, the great tele:vislon. show and Saturday evening the years, Americans have been using · their challenge for Congress today is to stop Tammies are to be guests of the University of additional leisure time to become active Bucharest's student culture house. They will inflation. The most effective action will give part of their show, and their hosts will participants in such sports as golf and come through a balanced budget. reciprocate. With a performance by the Ro­ bowling. But, it is apparent that much The Dallas Morning News prepared an manian doina folkloric ensemble. On Sunday of the public disaffection for baseball interesting editorial which makes an the group leaves for performances in Poland can be traced directly to the insensitivity excellent suggestion. Today the average and the Soviet Union. of baseball's heirarchy to the public in­ businessman is paying about 10 percent terest. for commercial bank loans. Yet the Fed­ The moguls, as they are often called eral Government is loaning the rural MR. AND MRS. RIDDER PLEDGE TO on the sports pages, have completely electric people money at 2 percent. LONG BEACH HOSPITAL disenchanted millions of fans in Wis­ It would seem more logical if rural consin and throughout the country by electric companies would go out into the HON. RICHARD T. HANNA bouncing franchises around the country oper: market to finance their own paper OF CALIFORNIA like ping pong balls. During the past with the loan being guaranteed by the year, the period during which baseball Federal Government. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES suddenly plummeted in fan appeal, the Here is this interesting editorial writ­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 men who run the operation took another ten in the Dallas Morning News on Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I would step backward. I refer to the cynical fir­ June 17, 1969: like to bring to the attention of my col­ ing of American League umpires AI Sa­ Lending money at 2 percent interest, al· leagues a man who has long been a lerno and Bill Valentine. These men in though that money had to be borrowed at friend of mine and who has once again blue were given the pink slip, allegedly more than 6 percent, doesn't make sense. demonstrated his strong sense of public because they were incompetent. But there But that's what the federal government is is overwhelming suspicion that Salerno doing. responsibility. As publisher of the Long The U.S. Treasury now is paying an interest Beach Independent-Press Telegram, and Valentine were sacked because they rate of a little over 6 percent on money it Mr. Herman Ridder has for years worked tried to organize their colleagues into a borrows. But that same money 1s being to keep the citizens of Long Beach well collective !bargaining unit-a right loaned to rural electric cooperatives in 35- informed. Recently, he and Mrs. Ridder which belongs to any and every Ameri­ year loans at an interest rate of only 2 per­ have benefited their community in an­ can. cent yearly. other way. They have pledged to estab­ A number of inconsistencies substan­ Congress started this practice back in the lish a half million dollar trust for the ex­ tiate the conclusion that the umpires 1930s, when agriculture was badly depressed were released by American League Pres­ a.nd greatly in need of electrica.l utilities. At pansion program of St. Mary's Hospital. that time, the 2 percent charged electric Mr. Ridder said of his gift: ident Joe Cronin because their labor or­ cooperatives was about 1D line with what It has long been the desire of Mrs. Ridder ganizing activities violated the decadent the U.S. government was paying for borrowed and myself to provide the people of Long business ethic of the baseball establish­ money. Beach with the finest hospital fac111t1es pos­ ment. The firings came just 3 days Now the rural picture has greatly changed. sible. after Valentine and Salerno launched a More than 98 percent of all farms have June 1!}, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16697 electric service. Rural Electrification Admin­ demand is not going to change much. Until in Japan have no inside plumbing. The new istration borrowers have accumulated a net this year, European demands bad slightly de­ homes that are being built in Japan vary in worth of about $1.4 billion, 26.8 percent of creased each year; however, last year they size, from 360 ft. to a ·large home of 640 ft. their total assets. Much of the REA electrical took a tremendous jump. The largest pro­ Most of these people would give anything to power is being sold to nonresidential ducer in Europe is Sweden which is going have a 500 square foot house. You must un­ consumers. to double its supply this year but it will derstand their method of financing is entirely Yet, Congress is being asked to authorize not come near to meeting the demand. Euro­ different from ours. They have· no FHA pro­ $345 million in REA electric loans at 2 per­ pean price has risen 5 % in the last 18 months gram, no VA program. To buy a $20,000 house, cent interest for the fiscal year which begins for the first time in four or five years. Their 600ft., a working man must come up with a next July 1. demands will increase this year approxi­ third of that in cash. He has no government Taxpayers should insist that this subsidy mately 2 billion board feet, or more. program to furnish him this cash 'money, be ended. Many of those whose taxes under­ ALLOWABLE CUT and no bank will take the majority of the write these loans have invested in investor­ loan. As a rule he works it out between three financed electric utillties with which coops The allowable cut in the United States is or four banks. It was a revelation to me, I complete; these individuals are being hurt about 11 Y2 billion board feet on public lands. thought they would have a program similar two ways. This does not take into consideration the to our FHAJVA. There is no excuse today for continuation private lands. The largest holder of which i~ Overall industry in Japan has grown 60 % of loans at interest rates established in the Weyerhaeuser. Crown Zellerbach and many in the last three years. A plywood mill we 1930s. Here is an opportunity for the federal others have varying amounts of timber land visited well demonstrated how this has been government to save money and make rural which they own and there is no governmen­ done. The owner of that mill was a man electric cooperatives end unjustified depend­ tal control on who they sell ·to or how much who had a small business but he had shown ence upon the U.S. Treasury. they cut or how they are managed. This is his ability to operate that business well. He not the case in Japan, where all timber now runs a 5 million dollar plywOOd mill lands are rigidly controlled. On our public and he is known as the owner and the p-res­ CONGRESSMAN DON EDWARDS lands we will cut llY2 billion feet this year. ident. He owns the majority other than the REMARKS ON LUMBER PRICES In Idaho, Oregon, Washington and the West­ government and three banks. Yet his total ern timber areas, we will cut 8 Y2 billion feet investment in that 5 million dollar mill is not counting Alaska. You can see where the 60 thousand dollars. The three banks and HON. DON EDWARDS big majority of our lumber comes from. the government backed him to that extent It is planned in the next 5 years to increase OF CALIFORNIA as lenderS. This is one reason the industry the allowable cut approximately one billion has improved 60% in three years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES board feet per year. This is under the sus­ The individual in Japan is now saving Thursday, June 19, 1969 tained yield law which means that we have approximately 18% of his income even a 100 year cycle which we will hold to unless though their wages are not comparable to Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. it is changed. This has been the case for ours. The average daily worker on a con­ Speaker, the housing crisis continues un­ many years but we are working to change struction project or in a mill, or plywood abated throughout the United States, but tha.t now. It is felt by U.S. Forestry that it plant, earns between 7 and 8 dollars a day. with particular urgency in my congres­ takes 100 years to grow a· tree suitable for The women earn between 5 and 6 dollars a sional district in California. harvest--the independent operators, such as day and 50% of the workers in the lumber Weyerhaeuser and Crown-Zellerbach (they a.nd plywOOd mills are women. One of the major problems is that of are the two largest) work on a 60 year cycle. ever-increasing lumber prices. The steady There has been very little individual hous­ They have found improved methods of grow­ ing built. Most of it has all been built increase in the price of lumber has in­ ing a tree, fertilizing, etc., a~d we are hoping by the companies or. by a contract out­ creased the price of homebuilding to the to get the Forestry Division, who is becoming side of Tokyo where 3400 individual hous­ builder and buyer by thousands of dol­ more and more amendable to the idea, to ing units are under construction. The lots lars. In fact low-. and middle-income cut back maybe not the 60 year cycle but an are 30 by 40 feet and the land cost $2.00 per buyers are being priced out of the market. · 80 y~r cycle. If this were t<.> be don~ we could square foot. This is a 2Y2 hour bus ride from increase the allowable cut by double in the Tokyo or one hour and 15 minutes by fast David Young, president of the Building next four or five years in order to catch up. Industry Association of California, has train. These houses contain anywhere from Most forestry experts feel th~t it would not 500 to 700 square feet. The lots are entirely outlined some .of the problems o~ lumber be out of line. Of course, at the present time surrounded by a retaining wall of stone. The prj-ces.in ari artiCle in the May 1969, issue in the West, we are cutting more than -is houses sell from $11,000 the cheapest houses of the , Builders Journal. I include his growing, but we do have a tremendous we saw, to $30,000 .. Price depends on the lot excellent article in the RECORD: amount of virgin forest that has never been location because people who have to 'walk MY TRIP TO JAPAN TO STUDY THE LUMBER touched . .This virgin forest has not increased a mile to the train pay much less for the SITUATION in size, it is not improving in any way so it same house as the people who are near the might as well be cut and new trees put in (By David Young) train. Most of these people, work in Tokyo their place. so it means at least a hour and 15 minute I made a trip during the past two weeks BOSTON SURVEY ride. and used the lumber situation as an excuse. We had a report from the Boston Research, Last year in Japan they had 1,500,000 I had no time, really, to prepare a formal whom the government had employed to housing start-s. As you know, that is the talk even though I prepared 14 pages of notes, study a way in which logs should be sold to same number of starts we had. This year so if you Will bear with me I will skip over Japan. As you might know, our government they expect to get 1,800,000. You know how these notes as quickly as I can and just hit has worked very hard to sell anything to much lumber they used last year in the way the highlights. Japan that it can because of the unfavorable of logs and see what they are planning to do Our party consisted of seven large mill balance of trade. We were impressed with this year. They will get their 1,800,000. owners from Washington, Oregon and this faot when we were taken to the Embasy Northern California. None of tb,eir mills pro­ I spent one day With a prefabricator­ and briefed on the situation in Japan as it the largest prefabricator in Tokyo--owned duce less than 50 to 70 million feet of lumber now exists. Last year we had a trade deficit by the Fugi banks group. They work in large a year. The assistant Executive Director of of approximately 700 million dollars. This the Western Forest Industry Association, combines and everyone seems to be owned by year the trade deficit is one billion dollars. somebody else, as we are getting to in this Wayne Gaskins and Dr. Tom Hamilton, a You must understand that when we talk to country. This company will build 50,000 research analyst for the Forest Division, were the government about embargoes; etc., there units in the next two years. Other large along as well as several wives. - are many other things that enter into it. groups are going into housing, and are doing During the two weeks we were gone we Throughout the entire world we are work­ their research at this time. They feel that had one day that we didn't have a full ing on a deficit trade balance, and Japan is they must go to prefabrication, and much schedule-and I mean a full schedule from one of the greatest and this is one of the research is being done to find something to 8:00A.M. until 9:00 or 10:00 P .M.-and that big problems in any log control program. take the place of lumber. They feel that was this past Sunday. The Boston survey revealed some strong sta­ housing is going to be quite lucrative i.n the We first went to Maul for three days where tistics. Japan e;:l.Ch year since the war. has future as a manufactured. item. . the lumbermen had their normal convention. increased ~ts gross national product. The LOG SITUATION At ·,this meeting, Joe McCracken, Executive least year it had since the war was 12 %- the Vice President, gave a report on the World last thr~ years 1t has been 20 % per year Even though they are looking for a sub­ Conference on timber held in Belgium. He compounded. It is felt that with 12 to 20 stitute for lum.ber it-is-felt that for the next said· the entire lumber situation might be years their gross national product per capita five years their lumber demands will in­ eocpressed in one word, "tight." There is just will equal ours. crease. I am sure you saw in the paper where not enough lumber for the world. 90% of Japan will take' take 15% less logs next yea,r lumber, is raised in three countries, 50% in JAPANESE HOUSING than they took this pa-st year. This is a par­ Russia, and between the United States and In traveling around Japan it is hard to be­ tial' result of a meeting with the foremost Canada there is 40 %. The most disturbing lieve sonie of the living conditions you see. lumber men in the business. The Chairman factor in the ba1ance or the lumber situation 20 % of the families tn· ·Japan live in one of the Board Akira·Gunji of Mitsui Luinber, is the rise of Japan's demands. And this room. Average is 3.6 people. 50 % of the homes is Mr. Lumber as far as Japan is concerned. 16698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 He said that next year they are going to use At the lumber auction you are given a cap 2. Japanese operators will take every log­ 15% less. He also said that within the next with a number on it for identification. Each they are offered and they are in a position two weeks they would release 150 million little bundle of lumber has the buyers name to pay up to $50 more than they have paid. feet they have in logs in Washington and put on it. Of course, if you had a tract to We feel that the release of their 150 million Oregon. He said the 'Only reason they haven't build you would buy it in a different manner. feet of stock in the Northwest at this time, relea.sOO them yet they are trying to work Most of the tract builders own their own is more or less a smoke screen-to get us off out some way so that they won't get adverse mills. guard. The log consumption in Japan will publicity. They bought these logs at about They cut the lumber down until they get grow for the next 5 years, although they are $110.00 per thousand and if they put them pieces that are about a centimeter by a working just as hard, if not harder than we per are, to find a substitute for lumber. out for bid now they will bring $170.00 centimeter or ¥2 by % inch. This is used for thousand. You can understand his problem. lath. They plaster most of their houses today 3. The allowable cut will be increased this He said, they won't make money out of them with a combination of mud and cement. Not year and it will be increased each year for because they have already contracted for too much structural strength but it is pro­ the next five years. It is going to take an ships to haul these logs to Japan. At the tected by a coat of good plaster on the out­ appropriation of some size to get into the present time there are approximately 26 ships side. Many such houses have been there for areas where the allowable cut can be taken running between Washington, Oregon, North­ hundreds of years. Most all of the beams of out and we feel that this will be done. ern California and Japan. any size in the house have two sides of bark 4. The final conclusion by all including the One of the men in our group sells logs to on them. A slab is removed from each side mill owners themselves. was there isn't Japan-yet his mill produces about 215 mil­ and the beam itself is the full tree. They enough lumber in the world to srutisfy the lion feet of framing lumber which is sent shim where necessary under the joist. needs. At every opportunity you had better to Southern California each year. Three days find a substitute for lumber and we had before he made this trip he bought 70 million GENERAL OBSERVATIONS better cut back on our waste. We can take feet from the State of Washington. These On the return trip I had detailed discus­ lessons from Japan in the way they cut their areas within the State are not controlled by sions with my traveling companions. I logs. We went up into the logging operations our national allowable cut. When he got to would say that two-thirds of them want an where they are working cutting these 8" Japan they knew he had bought this 70 embargo on lumber. They are in the same trees. They grow trees there like we grow million feet and he was approached many boat we are. Buying logs from the national corn in this country. When they go in at the times on our trip. They tried to get him to forest, they are having a bad time now. In end of 40 years they clear the site. They then sign any kind of a contract where he would fact plywood has dropped so much here in go in and plant seedlings and start all over sell these 70 million he had bought. He re­ the last t.wo weeks that half of the plants again. At the end of ten years they go in · fused on all points and the last offer he had have closed. The day before yesterday, one and thin it out and take everything that is before we left Osaka, was to go back and of the fellows called his mill and they had not bigger than it should be at ten years and buy all he could and they would take any shut down because %" sheeting plywood had leave the other trees. We saw piles of logs quantity at a guaranteed 15% net profit and dropped to $88.00. They were losing $12.00 per this big around in the lumber mills and sign a. contract in that form no matter what thousand. they get a 4 x 4 with a little slab on each was paid for the logs. Also he felt that they Along that line, I might say of the mills side. That is everything they get out ex­ would go at least $50.00 more than they had in Japan, none of them are going to close cept for a little pulpwood. They save every ever gone before for logs. That could mean temporarily because should they do so they bit. They even put the bark aside for fuel. that in turn we would pay $50.00 more for are through for good. We could not under­ After they cut the trees and leave the limbs lumber than we had ever paid before. stand this at first until we found out that the women move in behind them and take You know and I know that lumber has when a boy gets out of high school and goes everything over a ~" in .size and cut it up in dropped approximately $8.00 a thousand but to work for a mill he has almost pledged bundles of a certain length. You can find it is not going to drop much further. If you himself for the rest of his life. He looks to them in any food store in Japan for about have lumber to buy you had better buy it that mill owner as a sort of father who is 40c American money. They cook a week on now. In Osaka they have made land of about going to take care of him for life, and, the tha.t bundle of limbs. · 390 acres, on the harbor and all mills are mill owner takes that responsibility. If he I haven't hit everything-! could go on for being moved to this location. Mills are being closes, the owner loses face--he will go broke an hour or two-it was a very pleasant trip­ built as fast as they can build them with the before he will close. That's one reason. The ! learned a lot but I don't think I came back most modern equipment they can find. Our other reason is that they borrow to buy the with any real feeling of encouragement. I mill owners from the north said that the logs. When they make the lumber they bor­ don't think the lumber situation can get new mills there are just as modern as ours row on it to pay for the logs. The bank will any worse than it was say three weeks ago. and the Japanese get from 20 to 30% more loan them the money on the lumber to pay The Japanese feel they can go $50 more for lumber from a log than we do. They take the for the logs because they don't want the logs and that means we will pay $50 more time to get the lumber from logs and we mill to fail either. Right now--every mill but they are a little afraid to do so, because should do this also. there has a surplus stock of finished lumber, they are very much afraid of possible legisla­ CONSTRUCTION METHODS and they don't have too many logs. When tion~the Morse Amendment did nothing­ they told us before we went that there was but it did act as a warning. They are scared Concerning their construction in the a surplus of logs it was not a true fact. now because of this Morse Amendment, be­ field-joists are 1-%" by 1-%" with %" In Osaka, 30 % of the lumber being cut is cause of our being there, and other investi­ sheeting. Their span is 4 feet. The floor gives U.S. logs, but they don't have any surplus, gations that have been made so they are as you waJk across it. Their rafters are they are working on a day to day basis and going to be very careful about who they buy 1-% " x 2 ". On these rafters they put beau­ they have the ships there dropping them lumber from. I don't think they are going to tiful tile roofs. Every Japanese house has a as they haul them up to the mill. The logs push us down too tight. I hope that is a tile roof. Their exposed 4 x 4's must be are dropped in the middle of the harbor bright spot in the whole thing. straight and clear and there are about 3 per and they are then taken over by a rafting house. They demand that the lumber they company, who rafts these logs, and tows use for housing have a good appearance them into the storage ponds. In the new where exposed. At least one room in the house section of the harbor at Osaka they have should have a cedar ceiling and it is called thousands of acres of storage ponds. These WHAT GOOD GOVERNMENT MEANS P.O. cedar-that is Port Orford Cedar, even were not built with concrete walls around TO ME though it is their natural growth cedar. The them as decoration, they are going to put Port Orford Cedar comes the closest to being logs in them. Every mill owner there would what their natural growth lumber is. I saw rather cut U.S. logs than any other logs they HON. GARRY BROWN one piece at a lumber auction-that was can get. OF MICHIGAN quite interesting. This one piece was 10" by CONCLUSIONS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 16" by 14' long. Actually figured by the board foot this went for $3,000 perM feet. This, of We came to the following general con­ Thu1·sday, June 19, 1969 clusions after talking to each of the people course, was exceptional because they don't Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, get pieces like this very often. This was a in the party. piece of Port Orford Cedar. Yet, the man in 1. We won't run out of lumber this year today I would like to pay tribute to four the yard told us that they told the people in the United States. You will remember that fine young people from Battle Creek, that it was natural growth lumber of their before I left I had been told that in 60 to Mich., who were judged the winn~rs of own land because that doubles the price. 90 days we would run out of lumber. We a communitywide contest held in co-n­ won't run out of lumber this year ... Most The lumber bought for the individual of the mills have logs enough to last until junction with Government Day-Michi­ house is never over four or five pieces at a they can get logs out in July and August gan Week ceremonies in that city. time and then at a lumber auction. Every These students, accompanied by Mr. piece of lumber over the size of a 2 x 4 has its from the high country. The price will not individual length, cross-section, grade and go lower-this is the concensus of the peo­ and Mrs. Floyd Oglesby, were rewarded how many good sides written on its face. Each ple I talked with the day before yesterday. by a 2-day trip to our Nation's Capital package that is bid will have approximately It is down now about $8.00 but it is not last week and I had the privilege of four pieces and a ribbon tied around it and a going to go lower. And it will not peak out hosting them during part of their stay. tag put on. The ribbon describes the contents. higher than it was last month. In this day when we have heard and June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16699 witnessed so many "child-like" acts by WHAT GOOD GOVERNMENT MEANS TO ME not allowing riots to take place and those who irresponsible individuals endeavoring to (By Robert Martin, eighth 'grade, Southwest­ participate in them to get away with the ern Junior High School) crimes they have committed. The same ap­ destroy our institutions of government plies to lynchings, gang fights, and the like. and learning, it is gratifying to know People all over the world have dreams. The In short, good government would allow the that sixth, seventh, and eighth grade stu­ kind of dreams they have to believe in citizen to walk down a street in peace, free dents like Rietta Whitman, Colleen if they expect them to come true. A good of the threat of an attack or murder. government is like that. You must believe In summary, good government means taxa­ O'Brien, Bob Martin, and John Attarian, in it with all of your heart if it is ever to learn at an early age the real meaning tion of all classes of society by the same exist. percentage of income, treating all ra.ces and of citizenship. Each of these prize-win­ The good government is the one where the classes of society with equality, and protect­ ning essays entitled "What Good Govern­ people all work together to make that gov­ ing and upholding the rights of the indi­ ment Means to Me,'' contains a thought­ ernment, because and only because they vidual citizen. provoking and important message, and believe in wha.t they are doing. You cannot I would like to share them with my col­ have a good government, when all the peo­ ple are fighting among themselves, all tear­ leagues at this time: ing at each other's throat to gain power. POLITICAL PERSECUTION WHAT GOOD GOVERNMENT MEANS TO ME Our country has had some fine leaders in IN SAIGON (By Rietta Whitman, sixth grade, Post its past. If we could combine the dedication, Elementary School) loyalty, wisdom and bravery of all these men Every American citizen should appreciate and place it within the hearts of the peo­ HON. ABNER J. MIKVA and take pride in our government. For al­ ple of our fine country, our government OF ILLINOIS though it may not please everyone, you will would be immortal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have to admit it does a pretty goOd job in Maybe things are meant to be as they are, these troubled times. I don't know; but I doh't see how any being Thursday, June 19, 1969 Unlike Communist-ruled countries, it gives can survive without the inalienable rights Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, on June 17, us the right to vote as we please and to print granted to him by his Creator. The good 1969; at page 16259, my colleague from what we think in public. Our government is government is the one in which the people made up of a democracy in which no man is are not afraid to fight for their rights and New York (Mr. REID) inserted in the overrun by another and every person is equal. what they believe in. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a report prepared In such places as Russia, Viet Nam, or To me, good government means being able by a study team recently returned from Biafra many have little, if anything, to do to speak freely within reason, and stand up a trip to South Vietnam. That study with their government. For these and other for what we believe is right to be able to team was composed of a number of countries are conflicted by war and have lit­ walk on any street in town without the fear prominent Americans including JoHN tle to say about what is to happen to their of being robbed or assaulted. The good gov­ CONYERS, Congressman from the State of life. ernment is when the people have an un- Michigan and my colleague on the Judi­ I can't help thinking many of these things ·limited amount of faith in the local, state, might be prevented if they were to have a and Federal law officers. As I said before, ciary Committee. The report dealt with stable government such as ours. this kind of government cannot exist when "limitations on political and religious Russia is one of many countries in which the people are divided, and constantly criti­ freedom; the detention, interrogation, the people have nothing to say about what cizing law officers, politicians, and public imprisonment, and treatment of prison­ their government does. Ours is a government officials. A man cannot concentrate on his ers; and legal standards and proce­ of the people, for we have the power and work or do a good job, when he is continu­ dures," in South Vietnam. It also docu­ ability to change something our country ously being ridiculed. A good government mented that extensive religious repres­ might do. can bring you many rewards only when you My government means many things to me fight for them, and it lasts only as long as sion and political persecution exists, and but most of all it means freedom. The free­ you allow it to. that the citizens of South Vietnam-the dom of just living and having no boundaries very citizens we claim to be protecting in put upon our lives. Also the security of WHAT Goon GoVERNMENT MEANS To ME that war-torn nation-are the victims of knowing that as bad as things might get, the (By John Attarian, seventh grade, North­ the most arbitrary kind of military "jus­ government will try its best to have foOd and western Junior High School) tice." I commend the members of the work for everyone for generations to come. To me, good government means fair and study team for their thorough and Our nation has been the home of immi­ equal taxes for everyone, fair enforcement thoughtful report. It provides even more grants and ones in need for hundreds of of the law, upholding every citizen's rights, food for thought to those who believe years. It has stayed as one while other coun­ and the protection of our society from those that it is worth fightipg longer and los­ tries have been upset and split apart by the individuals who mistake license for liberty. ing more American lives to preserve in destruction of war. Even through it all I Also, fair and equal taxation would mean think it has become stronger, as different the taxation of all classes of sooiety by the power a military clique which never countries and races have joined together in same percentage of income-with allowance would have come to power 1n the first the combining of world peace. But even from for handicapped and otherwise incapacitated place but for our intervention in South the beginning, our government has had one or disabled citizens. These taxes would also Vietnam. of the biggest parts in making our nation be collected from the churches and labor Although no further documentation what it is tOday. unions, for their members are citizens as of the existence of political persecution well as members of their organizations and in South Vietnam is really required, yes­ WHAT GOOD GOVERNMENT MEANS TO ME should fulfill the expectation of their gov­ ernment as citizens and share the responsi­ terday's New York Times carried a story (By Colleen O'Brien, sixth grade, Fremont bilities of citizens since they share the bene­ which adds still further damning evi­ Elementary School) fits. dence against the actions of the Thieu Good government means a beautiful world Further, fair enforcement of the law would government. The four individuals now in to live in. It means to spend money where mean treating all classes of our society and trouble with the Thieu government were it needs to be spent; to clean up slum areas all races with equality. Under good govern­ among those talked to by the American so people have a better place to live; to wipe ment, no class of society and no race­ study group. I insert the article at this out poverty; for all men to be created equal; Caucasian or Negroid, to take the two most to have beautiful lakes, parks, and cities. It conflicting races-would be privileged or hold point in the RECORD with the reminder means good education for all people; jobs so special rights. Under good government, no to my colleagues that this is the govern­ there won't be poverty; to stop riots and social class or race would be a.ble to go un­ ment which we have expended so much make it safe to walk down the streets at punished for a crime that another class of blood and treasure to maintain in power. night; to spend more money on helping peo­ society or race would be punished for. A It is a sad thought. ple who are starving; to spend more money treatment of all classes of society and all The article referred to follows: on curing diseases of this growing world. races with absolute equality would prevent FOUR OF OPPOSITION GROUP IN SAIGON ARE Good government means to stop wars; to one race or class from getting envious or ar­ SUMMONED TO POLICE INQUIRY have peace on the earth; for every person to rogant because of inequality under the law be free; to react to the growing needs and and thereby help keep domestic peace. (By Terence Smith) problems of this growing population. It Also, the upholding of every citizen's rights SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM, June 17.-At least means to promote all ideas; to spend more means no restriction of his religious convic­ four members of a liberal opposition group money on hospitals and homes for people tions and no interference with his desires of that recently called for the formation of a who can't take care of themselves. It means employment. GoOd government also assures a "government of reconciliation" were ordered to find some other way to deposit waste and citizen of his rights to freedom of speech tonight to report for questioning by the Na­ garbage instead of throwing it into beautiful and trial by jury. It also does not take a.d­ tional Police. lakes, streams, and rivers; to set away more vantage of a citizen, to accomplish its own Summonses were delivered this evening by land for National Parks so people will have means. police officers to four members of the newly somewhere to go. Good government means Finally, the protection of our society from organized Progressive Nationalist Committee, this to me. t hose who mistake license for liberty means a left-of-center group of students, intellec- 16700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 tuals and members of the professions. They .Mr. Lieng said that his committee was not side, special interest group initiative-hope­ were ordered to appear before the chief of the in favor of the formation of a coalition gov­ fully no more than a passing fad-which special police at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. ernment as such. "The members of the recon­ could be satisfied by relabeling (or perhaps The summonses appeared to be the first ciliatory government would not be Commu­ multiplying) a few appropriate "grass-roots" step in a widely expected Government cam­ nists," he said. "They would be true nation­ activities already undertaken by the Agency. paign against liberal political groups and alists acceptable to both sides." By so doing, no significant diversion of persons. The secretary general of the committee, Agency resources would be necessary and no In the last few days there have been re­ Chau Tam Luau, a militant young professor. "start up" or "phase down" costs would be ports from South Vietnamese sources that objected bitterly to the Government's action incurred by this annoying but transient, the Government was planning to take steps tonight. "The object of these summonses is Ti tie IX exercise. · against groups that have been publicly to suppress opposition," he said, "to make To counter these and other hostile atti­ calling for a softer negotiating position in people afraid to join us. This is a way of tudes Within the Agency toward Title IX the Paris peace talks. warning people, letting them know that if requires the nagging persistence of inter­ President Nguyen Van Thieu warned of they join us they can expect a call from the ested Members of Congress. It also requires such a crackdown in a news conference last police." awareness at the most senior levels of A.I.D. week on his return from Midway Island that Title IX is important and that its ob­ where he conferred with President Nixon. jectives should conscientiously be pursued. I WILL PUNISH THEM TITLE IX-A NEW DIMENSION IN But even with this, a government agency­ "From now on," the President said, pound­ FOREIGN AID-III constrained by civil service regulations and ing his fists for emphasis, "those who spread organizational inflexibilities-requires sev­ rumors that there will be a coalition govern­ eral years to re-train existing personnel and ment in this country, whoever they be, HON. DONALD M. FRASER to recruit and absorb new personnel with whether in the executive or the legislature, OF MINNESOTA the requisite imagination and expertise to ad­ minister so complicated and delicate a man­ Will be severely punished on charges of collu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion With the enemy and demoralizing the date as Title IX. This obstacle is proving army and the people. I Will punish them in Thut·sday, June 19, 1969 difficult to surmount.1 the name of the Constitution." At the same time, President Thieu warned Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, when that action would be taken against any news­ Congress initiates new programs, we papers that distorted the news in a manner often find roadblocks within an agency ANOTHERSHOEFACTORYCLOSES- that would demoralize the nation. On Satur­ preventing the new program from getting 300 MORE OUT OF WORK day, the leading English-language paper, The a smooth start. This may be one trouble Saigon Dally News, was closed on such a fadng the congressional mandate for charge. It was the 32d paper shut down by greater participation at the local level in HON. JAMES C. CLEVELAND the Government for political reasons in the foreign aid projects. At least John OF NEW HAMPSHIRE last year. According to reliable South Vietnamese Schott, who has worked within AID, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sources, the Government is planning to sub­ feels there are obstacles within the Thursday, June 19, 1969 due the more milltant elements of its opposi­ agency. His comments are important to tion by issuing warnings to some politicians, us: Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, earlier and by arresting others suspected of main­ OBSTACLES WITHIN THE AGENCY this week I received a telegram from the taining contacts With Communists. More Whether this be the proper definition of commissioner of the New Hampshire newspaper closings are expected. Title IX, or whether a more modest or nar­ Department of Employment Security, The Progressive Nationalist Committee is row interpretation of the statute is chosen, Benjamin C. Adams, informing me of headed by Tran Ngoc Lieng, the lawyer who a number of inttitutional obstacles face the the closing of yet another shoe factory defended Truong Dinh Dzu, a former presi­ conscientious A.I.D. official who may Wish to in New Hampshire. dential candidate now in prison for advocat­ implement this mandate. Not the least of ing a coalition government with the Na­ these are the internal restraints imposed by On Monday of this week, the Jodi tional Liberation Front or Vietcong. · the current organization and staffing pattern Shoe Co., in Derry, N.H., notified its The committee first appeared on June 4, of the Agency. From the standpoint of per­ 300 workers that the factory would be just four days before President Thieu was to sonnel requirements, the outlook for Title closed until further notice. The reason: confer With President Nixon. In a public IX's implementation can appear bleak in­ inability to compete with the flood of statement, it called for the formation of a deed. Despite the numerous reorganizations low-cost, foreign shoe imports. Mr. government; of reconciliation that would be of foreign aid agencies-all of which were in Adam's telegram also said that many composed of "nationalist elements accept­ part designed to shorn th~e agencies of able to both sides." antiquated skills and obsolete ideas-there other shoe companies are on shaky The purpose of the reconclliatoq govern­ lingers on in A.I.D. a large contingent of grounds, and are considering closing or ment according to the statement, would be people unreceptive to the new approach to substantially reducing their operations. to "prepare and organize electioru. to deter­ development encouraged by Title IX. For Mr. Speaker, it is clear that the situa­ mine the political future of South Vietnam." some of these, Title IX constitutes an im­ tion of the American shoe industry is (if THIEU REPORTED UPSET plied criticism not threat) to project continuing to deteriorate. Mr. Adams' activities with which they have long been concern is by no means ill-founded. The The statement was reported to have u·­ involved. To others, Title IX is perceived as ritated Mr. Thieu, who was said to have felt additional Congressional encouragement of shoe industry is caught between a rising that it was an effort to undercut his position the narrow-gauged project activities to which flood of low-cost, foreign shoe imports on the eve of the Midway meeting. they have devoted their life-the promotion on one side, and the refusal of the Fed­ At his news conference following the meet­ of cooperatives, community development, eral Government to recognize and al­ ing, Mr. Thieu was asked if he planned to public safety programs, "free" labor union leviate the situation on the other. take any action against Mr. Lieng or members development. For them, A.I.D. should simply Last week, I inserted in the RECORD a of his committee. He declined to answer the multiply and intensify these efforts as its letter from Mr. Adams which explained question with the explanation that he had response to Title IX. not read the committee's statement, but he This narrow view of Title IX is ironically promised that he would look into the matter. buttressed by many of the more sophisti­ 1 Several modest steps have been taken by The summonses issued tonight were deliv­ cated program officers and senior officials A.I.D. in recognition of this personnel prob­ ered to two deputy chairmen of the commit­ embued-so far as A.ID.'s development ac­ lem. Four regional seminars on Title IX are tee and to two members. Mr. Lieng did not tivities are concerned-with a macro-eco­ being held this fiscal year for senior A.I.D. receive one. nomic approach toward development. After (and a few State Department) officials, a At his home tonight, Mr. Lieng said in an the effort of the early sixties to depoliticize six-week conference on Title IX was spon­ interview: "if the Government means to the aid-giving process and to substitute hard sored in the summer of 1968 under contract repress the genuinely nationalist organiza­ nosed and politically "neutral" macro-eco­ with the Center for International Studies tions by this technique, the Co:nmunlst wlll nomic criteria for the Agency's previous ad­ of M.I.T. which was in part designed as a reap the benefits. The whole nationalist hocism and security-consciousness, it was training exercise for twenty A.I.D. officials, movement w11l suffer as a result." hard not to see Title IX as a regressive step. several midcareer officers may attend a spe­ cial course of instruction on Title IX-related Mr. Lieng said he would be surprised if To many of these officials, the development he did not eventually get a summons. "They activities of the Agency could be divided matters at the Fletcher School of Law and called me in once before, in February," he between those initiated as developmentally Diplomacy next year, and some unfocussed said. "Tha.t was when we had just begun to significant by A.I.D. programmers, and those thought has been given to changing civil put the organization together. They ques­ smaller, special-interest project activities service and other personnel restrictions so tioned me for several hours and then re­ undertaken at the insistence of Congress. that people knowledgeable in these new leased. me:• Title IX was considered another such out- fields can be recruited into the Agency. June 19, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16701 the situation in greater depth. For those t h e whole long-dominant liberal establish­ tinue to inspire others to work for that of my colleagues who missed it then, his ment. Much of it the liberals have brought cherished objective. letter can be found on page 15449 of on themselves, but at least some of it has been beyond their, or anyone's control. Ike was a tremendously human and the JWle 11 RECORD. Consider the case of Mayor Lindsay, who understanding individual, whose sin­ Hundreds of thousands of American was the candidate of both the Republican cerity and warmth of spirit will live on jobs are at stake here, and I urge the and Liberal Parties this week and who re­ in the memory of everyone who was Congress and the administration to act mains in the November race as the Liberal privileged to know him. I am especially now to stop the long slide of this im­ candidate. Conditions in New York have de­ grateful for the personal kindness and portant industry. For unless we do, Mr. t eriorated under his four-year reign, and counsel he extended to me, both while Speaker, there is no question that shoe evidently certain of his attempted bureau­ he was in the military service and ln the factories will continue close their op­ cratic innovations have not proved partiCJI­ to larly workable. White House. erations, and the industry will slowly but Yet Mr. Lindsay inherited a city that, like While the world shares the sadness of surely grind to a halt. many ot her urban centers, was already a his passing, I know that former President mess, the vict im of years of neglect by politi­ Eisenhower's beloved family finds com­ cal h acks. It was already overcrowded, plagued fort in the knowledge that he was so by vehicular and pedestrian congestion, widely admired, respected, and loved. MORE THAN LAW AND ORDER air, noise and water pollution, greedy unions, an in-migration of unsk1lled poor people; the usual list. It is a little hard to imagine HON. JACK H. McDONALD that any mayor could have done a great deal THE BERKELEY DISTURBANCE OF MICHIGAN t.o stem the dete1ioration in the short space IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of four years. The liberals' direct responsibility for the HON. JAMES B. UTT Thursday, June 19, 1969 rot is nonetheless very considerable. As ex­ ponents of the prevailing political philoso­ OF CALIFORNIA Mr. McDONALD of Michigan. Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Speaker, the recent mayoral elections in phy in Washington and numerous other gov­ ernmental units for the past generation, Thursday, June 19, 1969 Los Angeles and Minneapolis and Tues­ they assumed attitudes and pursued poli­ day's primary in New York have been cies that resulted in a lot of harm. Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, the police bru­ closely linked by political analysts to the In New York, for one example, they would tality charge, voiced by the tax-paid pro­ issue of "law and order." not hear of a residency requirement for wel­ fessors in California's higher education Perhaps this was the case in the first fare eligibility; that offended the senti­ system, should be directed against the two instances. Certainly, what happened meatal view of the nature of man on which militants rather than the police. liberalism rests. But they were unprepared in New York is not simply linked to this for the explosive aspects of the predictable The following factual and detailed ac­ one issue, as the Wall Street Journal infiow of the poor and unskilled and the count of the recent Berkeley disturbance points out today in an excellent editorial. spiraling welfare rolls. was presented by Gov. Ronald Reagan Our cities are in trouble, and no city is In certain ways the liberals worsened the in a talk to the Commonwealth Club in in greater trouble than New York. plight of the slum-dwellers. Their welfare San Francisco on June 13, 1969. The ac­ I commend this down-to-earth review system itself is demeaning, anti-incentive. In cumulations of lethal projectiles on roof­ of our urban problems to every Member the name of public housing they tore down tops and other strategic spots prove this tenements and put up barracks-like apart­ of this body, and include the editorial ments; the frequent upshot was that the poor was no spontaneous uprising, but a care­ from the Wall Street Journal of June 19, did not get better housing but were dispos­ fully planned and executed operation­ 1969, in the RECORD at this point: sessed of what they had. The liberals' at­ planned and directed by nonstudents of MORE THAN LAW AND ORDER t acks on other urban problems were similarly the university, many of whom have been The nationwide trend to the right, boosted inept. associated with "filthy speech" move­ by conservative Victories in both the Demo­ Viewed as something far broader than a ments and riots throughout the coun­ cratic and Republican primaries in New York law and order issue, then, the developing anti­ try-which should have gained the strong City this week, is more complex than it might liberal trend has hopeful elements. The new condemnation of every loyal citizen, and appear. How healthy it is depends, we think, people, whether they call themselves con­ servatives, Republicans--or in fact, liberals, especially the university faculty, rather on which of its components are under dis­ than their approval. cussion. m any of whom are now disenchanted With The New York upset follows mayoral elec­ the old ways-reject the paramountcy of gov­ Mr. Speaker, I commend Governor tion of "law and order" men in Los Angeles ernment as chief problem-solver. With the Reagan for his speech, and urge that and Minneapolis. Interestingly enough, Mr. installation of the Nixon Administration in everyone read it. I include it herewith: Washington, this is becoming the mood from Yorty in Los Angeles and now Mr. Procac­ top down. EXCERPTS O)j" SPEECH BY Gov. RONALD REAGAN cino in New York are Democrats (Mr. Stenvig Many speakers of world renown have rec­ in Minneapolis is an independent.) Mr. It is not just rejection, however, but a much more positive phenomenon. If the energies ognized the Commonwealth Club as one of Marchi, the Republican winner in New York, and initiatives of private institutions and the nation's preeminent sounding boards. Is the candidate of the state's Conservative private individuals can be unloosed after dec­ You are a distinguished forum. Any speaker Party he harped much less on law and order ades of being blanketed by government, then invited to address you gives great considera­ than did Mr. Procaccino, for whom the "safe even the nation's admittedly grievous prob­ tion to choice of subject, and certainly I city" issue was practically the sum of his lems may begin to yield. Such, at any rate, have no intention of being an exception. campaign. we believe to be the salutary potential in My problem, however, is how to choose be­ Now law and order is certainly a valid is­ the so-called turn to the right . tween a number of tempting topics, a num­ sue, which reflects the deep discontent of ber of state issues all vital and all more or people all over the country with rising crime less controversial, such as California's crying and disorder. The way some of the politicians need for true tax reform, which, incidentally, go at it, though, leaves the impression that would give me a chance to explain why it they think a police crackdown is all that is DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER should not be based on compulsory with­ necessary to solve the problems of the cit ies. holding of income tax. Their rhetoric smacks more than a little There is one subject, however, which of repressiveness, even pollee-statism, and HON. WILLIAM H. BATES stands out as probably the most vexing and we don't think the nation needs that. In­ OF MASSACHUSETTS frustrating, not only to government , but to deed, we are not sure we want to see the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the people of California: the "people's park" conservative, or anti-liberal, cause, or what­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 controversy across the bay in Berkeley. ever you want to call It, represented by men The volume of words already spoken and like the Messrs. Yorty, Stenvig and Procac­ Mr. BATES. Mr. Speaker, I wish to written on this subject have not resolved a cino. In contrast, both the mainstream Re­ add my voice to those who pay tribute number of confusing aspects. Man y ques­ publicans and the New York Conservatives to a great American. tions remain unanswered. (their political pat hs seem to converge more Is the University properly cast in the role an d more) talk with a high degree of re­ General Eisenhower was one of ow.· of greedy land baron, ousting the poor home­ sponsibility. Nation's most patriotic and dedicated steader? Did the University arbitrarily and Beyond the law and order question as leaders of all time. His great contribu­ unreasonably interfere with a citizens' volun­ such, there is unquestionably a profound tions, both as a soldier and as a states­ teer effort at beautification of an unused disaffection throughout the country with man, toward peace in the world will con- vacant lot? Did the forces of law and order 16702 EXTENSIONS ·oF RE~IARKS June ·19, 1969 precipitate violence and engage in massive As a matter of fact, when the University juvenile nmaways-one from as far away as but unnecessary "overkill?" Were there no did get around to posting "no trespassing" Wisconsin. efforts on the part of the University to ne­ · t tl to We all continue to use the term park but gotiate, conciliate or reconcile differences be­ signsdown (51and ofburned. them)' they were Ins an y rn the issue never had been one of whethei' tween the people and the University? Even The Daily Californian published an article there should be a park or even whether a more basic, was this just another episode in by 27-year-old non,-student, Arthur Gold- park was needed. There are no shortages of the nationwide wave of violence swirling h f h parks in Berkeley, and by the end of the berg-a name familiar in t e ree speec summer, the City will have completed a new about our campuses, and if so, do we just and filthy speech movement a few years ago. park only two blocks from the disputed site. continue reacting, restoring law and order He praised the riots at Howard University f th" after the fires start and the rocks begin to and the University of Wisconsin and com- By their own statements, the leaders o lS fly? Of greatest importance: Is the nation­ plained that not a thing was happening at property take-over have made it plain their wide campus ferment a single thing, a wide­ Berkeley. His article then went into a tirade only purpose was political. They were chal­ spread youthful dissatisfaction with things against Chancellor Heyns in connection with lenging the l"ight of private ownership of land in this country. They referred to the as they are which occasionally trigger some the University's plans for development, wind- University's deed as a piece of paper that of the more emotional into violence? Or are ing up with this arrogant and insulting de- does not give the University the right to there two separate and distinct groups each mand: "Who the hell does the chancellor make use of this land. with its own cause? Is there a silent ma­ jority, non-violent but with legitimate griev­ think he is? It is our park." All of the events I've mentioned-the at- ances and is there a separate rebellious Ultimatums of this kind were the only tempts at communication, the ultimatums minority promoting a real revolutionary answer the University received to its re- by the dissident group--took place in the cause, a group that seeks by deception to peated efforts to enter into dialogue with short period from April 20 to the second enlist on occasion the aid of that majority these people. The chancellor had appointed week in May. D-Day came on May 15. Before group? staff members to make overtures, probably dawn, at 4:45 a.m., campus police led about I would like to attempt in this forum to because a number of legitimate citizens and 65 law enforcement officers to the site. There put the "people's park" controversy into per­ some students had joined in the work on the had been a number of claims that the group spective, and at the same time try to find vacant lot under the impression that it was would occupy the site physically, and force­ answers to some of the above questions. a ·volunter community project to pretty up fully prevent the University from going In discussing the episode of the "people's an unused vacant lot. ahead with its·own plans. About 75 individ- park," two facets wlll have to be avoided. The real leaders, of course, were Goldberg uals were found sleeping in the park and One, the case of James Rector who died of and a number of others whose records in- were warned they were t.respassing. Only shotgun wounds. At this moment, the pre­ elude participation in the Oakland Indue- three refused to leave and had to be ar­ cise circumstances regarding his death have tion Center riot, the seizure of Moses Hall, rested on that charge. The building of the yet to be established officially by a coroner's the Chicago riots and last summer's bloody fence began at 6: 20 a.m. and optimism 1nauest. For that reason, I feel it 'Yould be riot in Berkeley when many of the same reigned-there· was no opposition. It began people demanded that Telegraph Avenue be to appear that the police on hand were an improper for me to comment. The other has closed off and turned over to them as a unnecessary precaution but no one can deny to do with the numerous charges_ of non­ park-perhaps "playpen" is a more appropri- the University would have been less than demonstrators suffering injuries and arrest, ate word. The names are all on the police responsible had it not notified law enforce­ and the allegations of mistreatment in the blotter: Mike Delacour, Stuart Edward AI- ment of its intentions in view of the re­ detention fa.c111tles at S~ta Rita. Certainly, the posslbllity of all of this must bert, Paul Glusman, William Miller, and peated threats of violent resistance. be recognized. There is no question but that Frank Bardacke--to name a few-none · of Now what about the police themselves? them are students of the University. What did they have in mind when con- part of the mob on that first d.ay of violenc~ intended only to .be vocar and were . caught The chancellor repeated several times his ·fronted with this call for their services? in the crossfire as they tried to escape. Since willingness to discuss the design of the de- were they deliberately provocative, looking all of this is under investigation again, com- velopment and its possible use by the ad- for trouble,· trigger-happy? Hardly! In the ments here would be improper. · jacent community. But at no time did the past 11 months four major riots have erupted It can be said, however, that if any citi­ squatters. d~signate an indivi.dual or c~m- , in Berkeley. All of them involve m111tants zens' rights were violated, if officials were mittee with whom he could communicate. from the south campus area of Berkeley, a guilty of misconduct, then justice must be The University's position was untenable. neighborhood that has become the most done and the guilty must be punished. Not enough has been said about the very serious crime problem in that city. In these The cause of the controversy is a city real problem of legal liablllty. 'As owner of 11 months there have been eight major block, roughly 450 to 250 feet, purchased by the property, the University was liable in bombings or attempted bombings, nearly the University two years ago for $1.3 milllon the event of injuries in the use of the 1100 drug arrests, 750 in the south campus as an eventual site for residence halls and property, or if it became a public nuisance. area alone. They have confiscated nearly research facillties. In the interim, it was to The importance of this can be judged by 1000 sticks of dynamite, more than 200 pis­ provide playing fields and recreation facili­ the recent announcement that the City of tols, rifles, shotguns and other weapons, ties very much needed on the Berkeley cam­ Berkeley itself is in danger of losing its own dozens of Molotov cocktails and materials liability insurance because of the recurring for making more. There have been dozens of pus, since previous areas devoted to this disturbances in the streets and around the arson attempts resulting in more than purpose have been used for construction of campus. The property, incidentally, had a!- $800,000 damage including the fire that new campus buildings. ready become something of a public nm- gutted Wheeler Auditorium. One policeman The land has lain idle for more than a sance. Police had been responding to fre- has been ambushed and shot; a dozen others year, during which time no one thought of quent complaints of nightly rallies, mass have been fired upon. In last summer's Tel­ using it as a park. On April 4, it came up on singing, shouted obscenities, bonfires egraph Avenue riot, two California Highway the University's priority list approved for im­ throughout the night, and the gathering of Patrolmen were the deliberate victims of mediate development. On April 18, that clas­ unsavory characters which so frightened fire bombings. Molotov cocktails were thrown sic example of four letter word journalism, some housewives they wouldn't even walk at their feet. Engulfed in flames, they sur­ the "Berkeley Barb" issued a call for its readers to gather on the coming Sunday, down the street on neighborhood errands. fered serious burns requiring lengthy has­ And now it has bee~ learned that part of pitalizatio~. One of them has just recently April 20, equipped with tools· and shovels to the lush greenery planted to make the lot a been released from the hospital and is now convert for their own use the University so-called sylvan glade turned out to be able to do a little part-time work in the property into a "cultural, political freak-out marijuana. Highway Patrol office. and rap center for the Western World." One hundred and thirty-two residents of One of the attempted bombings involved a It was made very plain: They were aware of the University's plans for immediate use the neighborhood have petitioned the Uni- Berkeley police car in the official police of the property. We must depend on leaflets, versity to end the use of the park by the parking lot. A homemade bomb employing a the Barb and the official campus paper, The squatters, and to go ah!')ad with the Uni- plastic base explosive was powerful enough Daily Californian, for word as to their inten­ versity plans. In addition to the complaints that had it gone off it would have blown up tions, but they were pretty explicit. already mentioned was one that the prop- not only the car and driver, but several erty was being used as a garbage dump and adjacent buildings. In another bungled at­ The Barb said: "We will pollee our own toilet. Again as a measure of the liability tempt--dynamite exploded but fortunately park and not allow its occupation by im­ perial power." A handbill read: "We take a risk is the record of arrests that had already failed to rupture two large vats of highly solemn oath to wage a war of retaliation taken place. at the sit-e. flammable substance. Had this attempt been against the University if it begins to move One involved a 21-year-old man, picked successful, Berkeley firemen are of the opin­ against the park. If the University attempts up for indecent exposure after the police ion that all of west Berkeley might have to seize $1.3 million worth of land, now found him sitting in the park, completely gone up in a holocaust. claimed by the people, we· will destroy $5 nude, in full view of park occupants and All of this had to be taken into acco"lmt as million worth of University property." An­ by-passers. There were arrests for narcotic they were called into the street again. other handbill bluntly warned that even violations, armed robbery and a number of By noon a total of -150 officers had bee~ sending surveyors or posting "no trespassing" . juvenile cases, ·some for drunkenness--in- assigned to the area, 75 held in reserve, 7:.> signs would be the signal for instant re­ eluding a 14-year-old, loitering and sleep- on duty at the park site. taliation. ing in the park, and four cases involving Meantime, back on the campus, a noon ·June 19, ·.1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 16703 meeti.D.g had been scheduled for Sproul Plaza standing were under severe assault, and 496 were non-students. Forty p-ercEmt of t hose to hear a lecture on Israel and the Mideast literally fighting for their lives. . arrested were not even residents.o{Berkeley. crisis: This is a not unusual tactic. Permis­ Now, to all tho.se who are so quick to Fi~lly, C?n June 2, the .University and l~c al sion is obtained, through a student organi­ charge police brutality or over-.reaction, let officials agreed order had been rest ored and zation 'tor a meeting which then abandons me call your attention to something that the Guard could be withdr'awn. ·They J:ia.d the original purpose. The crowd in ·the Plaza hasn't been mentioned. All of these officers, pu~ in 17 days at a cost to the taxpayers of numbered more than 2,000 and some of including those beaten to the ground, were $760,000. Th~re is no way to asses!? the cost them were obviously anticipating more than armed with the regulation .38 revolver. None in damage, in injuries, and in loss of business a routine discussion of an international of them used those weapons or even drew to t~e community. ·· crisis. A group of medics dressed in white from their holsters. And yet they have stated The issue is not closed. A "people's park" uniforms, wearing Red Cross symbols, that only the arrival of the deputies and negotiating committee has finally surfaced mip.gled in the crowd. their ·use of the shotguns prevented the out­ to declare there will be no real peace in This has been normal procedure whe:Q. a right killing of isolated pollee and patrolmen. Berkeley until the fence comes down. If we riot is planned or probable. There were nine AS the afternoon went on, gas-dispensing are to judge l;>y past history, when it suits speakers at the rally but no one mentioned vehicles spread teargas in an effor1; to disperse their purpose an incident will be found or Israel. The ninth speaker was Dan Siegal, UC the crowd. One of these was put out of ac­ created as an excuse for intimidation student body president-elect. To use a trite tion by the mob. They even captured and through mass marches, demonstrations, and phrase, it could be said that he appeared looted a mail truck. Ambulances moved in coercive tactics always with the potential for before an already-infiamed audience. Before and out of the area retrieving the injured. viol~nce. he finished, they were screaming, raising Militants overturned more vehicles and They have issued a 13-point manifesto. clenched fists above their heads. Siegel has turned in false fire alarms and then stoned Some of those points are very significant and been charged with inciting to riot. the firemen when they responded to the calls. revealing. He wound up his speech saying, "Don't let At the start of the noon rally, a total of "Young people leaving their parents will those pigs beat (then a. few unprintable 150 officers were on duty. By the end of the be welcome with full status as members of words) out of you. Don't let yourselves get day, the total had reached 791, and this our community. arrested on felonies." But he climaxed his force was insufficient to guarantee the safety "We will turn the schools into training speech shouting, "Let's go down and take of Berkeley. The city manager, chief of po­ grol!-nds for llbera~ion. over the park!" His admonition regarding llee, mayor and sheriff joined in a request "We will shatter the myth that U.C. is a felonies was not heeded, or perhaps it was that National Guard forces be assigned to sacred institution with a special right to just for the record. pr,vent further violence and disorder. The exist. The crowd was moving on a line of approx­ sl: ritr said he could no longer guarantee the "Through rent strikes, direct seizures of imately 75 Berkeley police and California ~ ety of the city. · property and other resistance campaigns, the IDghway Patrolmen. Someone kicked in tJ:l.e Three battalions of the 49th Infantry large landlords, banks and developers who glass door of a bank on the way down; the Brigade with supporting units were ordered are gouging will be driven out. window of an automobile was smashed. to Berkeley and I signed emergency procla­ "Space will be opened up and living com­ Rocks, bottles and other missiles were flying. mations banning outdoor public assemblies munes and revolutionary families will be Sheriff's deputies fell into line behind the and prohibiting loitering on the streets. encouraged. · marchers. From past experience, they knew A total of 48 persons had been arrested "We will demand a direct contribution that when the missiles started, those doing on charges ranging from assaulting an of­ from business, including Berkeley's biggest the throwing usually did it from the rear ficer to assault with a dangerous weapon, business-the University, ·to the comniunity ranks. But not today-this was a mob. failure to disperse and refusing to leave Uni­ until a nationwide assault on big business Rocks, sticks, bricks and prepa.red jagged versity property. On the basis of casualties is successful. pieces of pipe and steel-some 18 inches alone, it would seem the street people were "The people of Berkeley must arm them­ long-rained down, thrown in end-over-end out in front. Ninety-nine officers had been selves and learn the basic skills and tactics fashion into the police ranks from rooftops. lnjured-18 requiring hospital treatment. of self defense and street fighting. The force with which they were thrown can The total for the street people was 43. "We shall attempt to bring the real crim­ be judged by one that smashed through the And yet, faculty groups in Berkeley and inals to trial; where this is impossible, we door of ·a police car. Cherry bOimbs exploded on distant campuses have publicly denounced shall implement revolutionary justice. in the street, some with BB shot glued on to the pollee and the use of the Guard. Others "We will create a soulful socialism in a;ot as s.hrapnel. Officers went down under have challenged what they term "overkill" Berkeley. the barrage and were overrun. and taking their cue from these supposedly "We will unite with other movements This was no spontaneous eruption. The reasonable people, students have demon­ throughout the world to destroy the racist­ rooftops had been stockpiled with rocks and strated in protest against the use of pollee capitalist-imperialist system. other missiles. There were similar stockpiles and Guardsmen on campus. "We will create an International Libera­ ·in nearby alleys. Heavy steel reinforcing No one can take pleasure from seeing bay­ tion School in Berkeley as a training center bars-construction steel-had ·been cut into onets in an American community or on a. for revolutionaries. short, throwable lengths. college campus. But the arrival of the Guard "We will protect and expand our drug Sheritr deputies resorted to teargas, but the with bayonets brought almost total de-esca­ culture." barrage from the rooftops and streets con­ lation of hand-to-hand fighting and vio­ I opened my remarks with some questions. tinued. The small contingent of pollee and lence. There were a few · skirmishes-false The decision is up to you as to whether patrolmen had been broken up into little bomb reports, maneuvers by the Guard and the University arbitrarily and unreasonably groups and completely surrounded. A thrown police units to disperse marching gangs of interfered with an innocent, bucolic beauti­ knife struck a highway patrolman in the militants. fication project. And if it was the Univer­ chest and penetrated to the bone. One had For four days, the Guard successfully kept sity that arrogantly refused to meet or con- • his helmet shattered by a chunk of broken the crowds moving and dispersed. Then, on ciliate. · concrete, others were hit in the face. Many May 20, a large crowd made a stand in I'll leave it to you to decide if the forces suft'ered injuries that made it impossible for Sproul Plaza. Repeated warnings failed to of law and order precipitated the violence. them to get up, let alone walk or defend move them. The Guardsmen were being as­ Should the University-having invested themselves. saulted from the upper floors of one of the $1.3 million of the peopie's money for a out on the fringe of the battlefield, a po­ buildings. Chairs were being thrown down purpose approved by the University admin­ lioe car was overturned and set on fire. Those on their heads. The balcony of the associated istration, its own Capital Outlay Review who did it discovered a Berkeley police re­ student building was stockpiled with rocks Board and the Board of Regents--turn this serve officer, a member Of this volunteer and chunks of broken concrete. investment over to some newly-created cor­ group for·20 years, who had been assigned to All the warnings failed, and there was poration organized to put the property in the traffic duty. They surrounded him, throwing every indication that a direct assault was hands of those who sought to take it by rocks at close range. Backed against a build­ imminent. The field commander made a bat­ force? Or should the University get on with ing, he went down and was lit-erally being tlefield decision and called for a helicopter the business of providing facilities for t he stoned to death in the ancient biblical man­ to make a teargas drop. The mob was told education of our young people? ner. Lying on the ground, he drew his re­ this had been done. Some left, but most And that brings me to the final question. volver. He did not fire it. At sight of the remained. Is there a revolutionary movement involving weapon, the mob fell back moment-arily and There is no question that innocent people a tiny minority of faculty and students find­ persons inside the locked building opened suffered the distress that goes with teargas. ing concealment and shelter in the disap­ the door enough to drag him inside. But there is also no question that horrendous pointment and resentment of an entire col­ The field commander of the ·Alameda tales exaggerated this episode beyond any lege generation that .finds itself being fed County sheritr's office made the decision the resemblance to the true facts. into a. knowledge factory with no reg~rd to riot was out of control. Deputies armed with There also can be no question that the al­ their individuality, aspirations or their shotguns were ordered into action. When . ternative to the gas--hand-to-hand combat dreams? they arrived, they literally had to step over between the mob and the Guardsmen--could The answer is an obvious yes and the chal­ the bodies of injured officers who couldn't have produced real tragedy. lenge to us is to establish contact with these be helped or moved because the few left By May 24, arrests h ad totalled 768, and frustrated young people and join in finding CXV--1052- Part 12 16704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . ; June 19, 1969 answers before they fall to the mob by de­ eluding the following article in the AMERICANISM fault . RECORD: (By Josephine M. Love) At this moment in California, the danger of this happening is very real. And why LANHAM GI KILLED IN VIET VILLAGE-SPE­ Aft er having lived thru World War I, the not? CIALIST KENNETH BARTLEY AIDED MON­ Great Depression, World War II, Korea, the When Chancellor Heyns was meeting with TAGNARDS Cold War, and now VietNam, I find it rather law enforcement officials and joining in their Army Spec. 5 Kenneth L. Bartley, of Lan­ difficult to define what Americanism truly requests for police and National Guard pro­ ham, Md., who helped organize a band of is. How can decades of triumph, poverty. t-ection, other chancellors in our system were Montagnards in the Central Highlands of fear, and hope be expressed in a few minutes? endorsing protests and hunger strikes. Facul­ Vietnam, was killed June 12 while defend­ Americanism cannot be pinpointed to one ty groups were passing resolutions deploring ing their village, the Defense Department set of definitions, because everyone of us police tactics without so much as making a announced yesterday. here today has seen different forms of phone call to learn the facts. Specialist Bartley was a member of a Spe­ Americanism during our lives . . . just as I am firmly convinced these represent a cial Forces unit of the 4th Infantry Division, those who came before us and those who will minority, but they are activists. The major­ stationed a few miles south of Pleiku. come after us. It can only be said that it is an intangible word, a feeling that cannot be ity of faculty are scholars too busy with their HELPED CONSOLIDATE HAMLETS own research and writing to engage in such expressed. But that is what our whole foun­ Specialist Bartley, who was 6 feet, 4 inches dation of living has been based on, intan- extra-curricular activities. Are they also too tall, was moved by the plight of the diminu­ busy to teach? gible ideas, freedom, democracy ... spirit tive Montagnard mountain people who took of honor ... spirit of truth ... spirit of Young men and women go to college to · great delight in the things he did for them, find themselves as individuals. They see the yout h. Americanism, a word so intangible, his father, Edward L. Bartley, said yesterday. yet so great that hundreds of thousands of names of distinguished scholars in the cata­ Mr. Bartley helped consolidate three Mon­ logue and sign for courses with the belief they simple people like you and me who will never tagnard hamlets into a single vlllage, while be glorified, have suffered and died and will learn and grow and be stimulated by accompanied by his 4-foot 6-inch translator, contact with these men. But all too often lived for it. It is the spirit that pushed Lewis whom he affectionately called "Shortie," the and Clark 2,000 miles thru unchartered wil­ they are herded into classes taught by teach­ soldier's father said. ing assistants hardly older than themselves. dm·ness to discover another ocean. It is t h e The 21-year-old Prince Georges county same spirit that led our grandmothers west­ The feeling comes that they are nameless, soldier had books sent from home to help his faceless, numbers on an assembly line­ ward over barren, dusty prairies, bearing translator friend learn Spanish and German. children, driving c~ttle, and fighting off In­ green cap at one end and cap, gown and The Montagnard already spoke three foreign automated diploma at the other. They want dians. All of us here today are mixtures of languages. different kinds of Americanism, our an­ someone to know they are there--they aren't "My son wanted to help those people. He even missed and recorded as absent when cestries, our lifetime experiences are all was moved by their total poverty, and varied, yet we all know what Americanism is. they aren't there. couldn't understand how they existed," his The symptoms of rising rebellion have been It isn't merely going thru the motion of father said. saluting the Flag or standing for the Na­ evident for some time. 'They no longer bother LOVED THE PEOPLE to vote in student elections. So that other tional Anthem ... it is something inside of tiny group with its revolutionary purpose His compassion for the Montagnard's de­ your self ... and like my love, it grows witll elects the student body officers and editors veloped to the point that he decided to ex­ experience and age ... so that it withstands who proceed to speak in the name of the tend his service an extra six months. "I guess temptation, poverty and fear .. . leaving only University. you might say he loved the people," Mr. Bart­ wisdom and hope. · This generation- better informed, more ley said of ;his son, who had already served aware-deserves much more. nine months in Vietnam. First, those who administer and teach must A 1966 graduate of Bladensburg Senior make it plain they will not be coerced by High School, Mr. Bartley attended ~ri':lce J. EDGAR HOOVER AWARE O.F SDS threats of force. They must spell out in ad­ Georges Community College before enllstmg THREAT TO EDUCATION vance those kinds of misconduct they will in the Army in March of last year. not tolerate and that there will be no nego­ Specialist Bartley hoped to become a radio tiation with any who threaten violence. But disk jockey. He was a friend of several radio HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN t his is only for that revolutionary minority­ personalities in Annapolis and Salisbury.. Besides -his father, he is survived by his OF s'OUTH CAROLINA t he University can dispose of the threat they mother, the former E. Huldah Hibbs; a represent in a week if they will take a stand. brother Donald E. Bartley, at home; great­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The greater problem has to do with those patern~l grandmother, Mrs. Gertie Crowthe:, Thursday, June 19, 1969 others and it begins with· establishing com­ of Washington; -his paternal grandparents, m"ltnication. Their legitimate grievances must Mr. and Mrs. Lancelot W. Bartley, of Wash­ Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, J. Edgar be understood and solut ions must be forth­ ington, and his maternal grandparents, Mr. Hoover is well aware of the sinister, dia­ coming. "Publish or perish" as a University and Mrs. C. B. Hibbs, of Sterling Park, Va. bolical and subversive threat of campus policy must be secondary to teaching. Re­ anarchists to the cause of education in search, a vital and essential part of the process, must not be the standard by which the United States. the University rates itself. Its function is to I commend the following article in the t each and its record must be established on ASTORIA'S BETSY ROSS June issue of the FBI Law Enforcement the quality of graduates it offers to the Bulletin by the Honorable J. Edgar world-not on the collecting of scholarly Hoover to the attention of my colleagues names in its catalogue. HON. WENDELL WYATT and to all the people of our country: The few subversives on our campuses will OF OREGON J. EDG R HOOVER AWARE OF SDS THREAT 'TO be a problem much easier to handle if th~ EDUCATION members of that so-called great silent ma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As the current academic year draws to a jority have inner convictions, beliefs and Thu1·sday, June 19, 1969 confidence in our society and in us as adults. close, it should be readily apparent that the Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, in my students in the New Left revolutionary move­ hometown we have a lovely patriotic ment are not on college campuses to seek education. Rather, this conglomerate of mal­ lady, Mrs. Chester "Jo" Lov~,, who is contents is engineering a drive to destroy our LANHAM, MD., GI KILLED IN fast becoming known as Astona s Betsy educational system. VIETNAM Ross. She has been sewing replicas of More and more, the New Left is being con­ various American :flags, specializing in trolled by the followers of Karl Marx through the American :flag as it existed dw·ing the Old Left organizations of the C0!11.ffiUnist HON. CLARENCE D. LONG the days of the Lewis and Clark expedi­ Party, USA (pro-Moscow), the Frogr~ss~ve OF MARYLAND tion. Last November her Lewis and Labor Party (pro-Peking), and the Soc1ahst Clark flag flew over the National Capi­ Workers Party (Trotskyites). Not since the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New Left came into being has the influence Thursday, June 19, 1969 tol while she was attending a national of Marxism-Leninism been so strong. Elks Emblem Club convention as an The Students for a Democratic Society Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, Oregon delegate. This fine lady has writ­ (SDS) , largest of the New Left group~, is Sp5c. Kenneth L. Bartley, a fine young ten an essay on Americanism. For the rapidly gaining a definite Marxist-Lemnist man from Maryland, was recently killed benefit of my colleagues and posterity, coloration. At the SDS National Council in Vietnam. I would like to commend his I submit it herewith for their consider­ meeting in Aust in, Tex., in March, one of the courage and honor his memory by ln- ation: organization's top leaders was quoted as June 19, ~969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1~705 stating, "Our primary task is to build a educational system. We all know what its However, I felt that before I under­ Marxist-Leninist revolutionary movement." Ultimate goal is. · · took to answer Mr. Fisher's request for While the New Left movement may or may Concessions and appeasements will not not make the dean's list this year, it rates satisfy those bent on anarchy and nihllism. my comments, some additional-and an A plus in revolutionary exploits. The SDS America should take note before it is too more technical-critique was called for. at;~.d its acUlerents have rocked campuses from late. So, I sent a copy of the report to the at­ coast to coast with violence, riots, and sabo­ JoHN EDGAR HooVER, Director. tention of two physics professors at the tage. At the SDS National Convention last Massachusetts Institute of Technology summer a workshop on violence and explo­ who h~ been working and studyfug sives was held. Literature ex_plaining how various aspects of ABM. . explosive devices can be manufactured and EXPERTS SAY PRO-ABM STUDY used against Selective Service installations, Dr. Vigdor L. Teplitz is an asSistant ROTC buildings, and university facilities has ALTOGETHER UNCONVINCING professor of physics at M.I.T. From 1962 been distributed. The results are a disgrace to 1964, he was associated with the radi­ to a society which owes its very existence to ation laboratory at the University of democratic processes under the rule of law. HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. California at Berkeley; the next 2 years Many of the criminal acts of the New Left OF CALIFORNIA he spent with CERN, the European nu­ were, and are, committed as expressions of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clear research program; since 1966, he rights under the first amendment. Corrup­ has been on the staff at M.I.T. tion of the first amendment would be a bet­ Thursday, June 19, 1969 Dr. Steven Weinberg is a professor of ter term for such antics. Certainly, free speech and dissent are not synonymous with Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ physics at M.I.T. He also is a consult-· despotic obstruction and force. The wild and er, at the back of the editorial section of ant for the Institute for Defense insatiable demands of the New Left for un­ yesterday's Washington Post is a full Analyses and for the Brookhaven Na­ lawful power and its blind determination to page ad concerning the proposed Safe­ tional Laboratory. Dr. Weinberg is a con­ silence and destroy all who stand in its way guard ABM system. tributor to the recent book, "ABM: An are tyrannical acts of the first order. According to the ad-which was placed Evaluation of the Decision To Deploy Under the first amendment, a person may in the paper by the American Security an Antiballistic Missile System," which hire a hall and speak on any subject to as Council...... :...a special subcommittee recom­ was edited by Abram Chayes and Jerome many people as he can persuade to listen. mends that- However, he has no right to disrupt classes G. Wiesner. and assemblies and prevent other persons An American ABM system is the soundest Over the past weeks, Drs. Teplitz and from hearing a speaker of their choice. Nei­ insurance for peace--and against war­ Weinberg prepared a detailed analysis ther the New Left nor any other group shall that the United States can buy in 1969 for of the American Security Council study, be allowed to plunder, riot, and terrorize our its security and protection in the 1970's. and last week, they sent me the follow­ educational institutions and impose its will The recommendation is contained in a ing letter, in whic:Q. they concluded that upon a majority of students who do not share study, "The ABM and the Changed the study is "altogether unconvincing" its views. Crime under the ivy-covered arches and that I should "not use it as a guide of a college campus is no more excusable than Strategic Military Balance: U.S.S.R. vs. U.S.A.," recently published by the Coun­ in my thinking on the Safeguard ABM crime in our city streets. system." I now place a copy of their SDS leaders know that if a revolution is to cil. be brought about, they must inject more dis­ Last month, I received a letter from letter in the RECORD: cipline and organization into the movement; Mr. John M. Fisher, the president of MASSACHUSETTS INSTrrUTE OF the antidiscipline, freewheeling, individual­ the American Security Council, asking TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF istic, anarchistic mOOd of the New Left must my comments on his group's study, and PHYSICS, be controlled and molded into a strong, cen­ Cambridge, Mass., June 12, 1969. I would like to place a copy of that letter Congressman GEORGE E. BROWN, Jr., tralized, Marxist-Leninist revolutionary force. in The Old Left groups, of course, are working the RECORD at this point: House Office Building, hjl.l'd to capture at least a part of the move­ AMERICAN SECURITY COUNCIL, Washington, D.C. ment. Washington, D.O., May 5, 1969. DEAR CONGRESSMAN BROWN: At your sug­ The pro-Peking Progressive Labor Party Hon. GEORGE E. BROWN, Jr., gestion we have read "The ABM and the (PLP) already· has a strong beachead inside House of Representatives, Changed Strategic Military Balance U.S.A. the national SDS. On some key issues, the Washington, D.C. vs. U.S.S.R." by Dr. Willard F. Libby, Dr. PLP comes close to having enough strength DEAR CoNGRESSMAN BROWN: I have enclosed Will1am J. Thaler, General Nathan F: Twin­ to swing votes in national meetings. While for your information an advance copy of a ing and others. We find it altogether un­ considerable factionalism now exists within special study on "The ABM and the Changed convincing and suggest that you not use it SDS ranks on "how to bring about a revolu­ Strategic Military Balance: U.S.S.R. vs. as a guide in your thinking on the Safeguard tion," the pro-Peking, the pro-Moscow, and. U.S.A." ABM syt;tem. the Trotskyites all agree on one major point­ The 31-m.an study committee was co­ Most of the text is devoted to an impas­ students alone cannot bring about a revolu­ chaired by Dr. Willard F. Libby, Nobel Prize sioned argument that the Soviet Union con­ tion. One well-known communist youth lead­ winner; Dr. William J. Thaler, who devel­ tinues to work toward world domination er wrote, "We must view the worker-student oped the over-the-horizon radar; and Gen­ and is devoting all available resources alllance as a mutual necessity and do every- · eral Nathan F. Twining, former Chairman to that end. The conclusion drawn by thing in our power to insure its growth and of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The other mem­ the authors is that the United States endurance." The PLP and the Trotskyites bers of the committee .are equally quallfied must have a greater military effort than also supported similar linkage of the stu­ in other areas of expertise pertinent to this that of the Soviet Union. There is no at­ dents and "workers." complex subject. tempt to consider the question of a "suf­ cient" military effort. The author's fear Not all SDS members accept the Old Left We hope that the committee's factual analysis will be usefUl to you. of the Soviet Union rea.ches something of a organizations. Many feel that SDS can pro­ crescendo on page 44 in describing the goals mote a viable revolutionary youth program I would appreciate your comments on this study so that I might share them with the of the Soviet military space program: " ... 3) without stringent controls and free of pa­ to gain control of space. There have been rental tutelage from a foreign or internal study committee members who worked so long and hard, without recompense, to com­ numerous references in Soviet speeches and Marxist party. Whether this is possible or not official documents to indicate such an ob­ remains to be seen, and the answer may be plete this project. Sincerely, jective." (Our emphasis). A rather bold, but decided at the SDS National Convention this unlikely program. An argument used by the summer, where this issue will be bitterly JOHN M. FisHER, President. authors to fan the reader't fear of Soviet and hotly contested. · defensive capabllities (on p. 45) is: "It is Meanwhile, a basic fact looms. Never be­ .Mr. ·speaker, I have always paid at­ also noteworthy that the· U.S.S.R. · has ob­ fore in this country has there been such a tep.tion to all aspects-pro and con-of tained valuable combat experience from the s~rong revolutionary Marxist movement of coordinated use of missiles and AA guns in ypung people which is ·so eager to destroy the ABM debate, and I proceeded to read, through the American Security Coun­ North Vietnam." The space discussion is not established, authority. Furthermore.. :the N~w balanced by any reference to the U.S. Air Left .movement has made it emphatically · cil's "factual IUlalYsis." In doing so, I ­ Force's $600 million per year space program. c~ear that mere change and revision are not founc;l that the report's autho~s gen­ And no weight is given to any experience our its objectives. ~ed with a long ·list of "non­ erally resorted to gross distortions and B52 forcet may have gained in overcoming nego~iable" de~ands, ·its immediate· goal is confusingly misleading logic to present · def-enses, in their Southeast A,ela operations.· the complete overthrow and c~>ntrol of our a case for ABM deployment. _ . · The g~neral- w~e -of j;he . l~e pole~cal part 16706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 19, 1969 of the pamphlet is ·such that if the symbols centrates on ABM systems there is a section ad, or read the Council's study, will now·· u.s. and u:.s.S.R. were interchanged the re­ on the need for a Missile Defense, no section consider the accuracy of the statements sult would make about the same amount of on whether Safeguard fills that need, and an posed for the Council. sense and would be dismissed as typical prop_­ attempt to rebut some of the arguments aganda. against Safeguard. For those Members who have not seen In general, th.ere is no serious argument (9) Page 55, the authors state flatly that the ad, I place it into the RECORD at this that the ~afeguard !system is the proper re­ Safeguard is a "point" defense. If this were po~t : sponse to tlie Soviet threat nor any serious true, Safeguard would have no long range BUT WHAT IF W E Do NOT BUILD THE SAFEGU ARl> discussion of its capabilities and limitations. Spartans and the Perimeter Aquisltion Radar ABM? . Some of the specific weaknesses and inaccu­ would be different or missing. This is not a The answer is lodged in ,facts that may not racies of a more technical, rather than politi­ matter of semantics; it is a matter, at best, show up as often as they should on -new.s- . cal, nature in the work are: of billions of dollars to be spent on new hard pape_r front pages and in TV news broad­ (1) Figure 3, comp.aring U.S. and Soviet point elements of the Safeguard program and C!!