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DIVERSITY and ABUNDANCE of PLANTS with FLOWERS and FRUITS in PAUCARILLO RESERVE © Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM

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DIVERSITY and ABUNDANCE of PLANTS with FLOWERS and FRUITS in PAUCARILLO RESERVE © Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Versión Online ISSN 1727-9933 Rev. peru. biol. 14(1): 025- 031 (Agosto 2007) DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PLANTS WITH FLOWERS AND FRUITS IN PAUCARILLO RESERVE © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Diversity and Abundance of Plants with Flowers and Fruits from October 2001 to September 2002 in Paucarillo Reserve, Northeas- tern Amazon, Peru Diversidad y abundancia de plantas con fl ores y frutos entre octubre 2001 y septiembre 2002 en la Reserva Paucarillo, en el noroeste de la Amazonía Peruana Johanna P.S. Choo1,3, Rodolfo Vasquez Martínez2 and Edmund W. Stiles1,4 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. 3 Corresponding author’s current address: Monito-ring and Assessment of Biodiversity Program/NZP Smithsonian Institution, 100 Jefferson Drive, SW, Quad 3123, MRC 705, Washington DC 20560, Email Johanna P.S. Choo: [email protected] 4Deceased. Abstract We recorded the diversity of fl owering and fruiting plants during one year of phenological study at Paucarillo Reserve located in the northeastern part of the Peruvian Amazon (3°41’ S, 72°24’ W). A total of 270 species from 59 families were recorded, of which 57% were represented by only one individual plant. Arecaceae and Rubiaceae were the dominant families in this site. keywords: fruiting plants, diversity, terra fi rma forest, north western Peru, Amazon Presentado: 17/04/2006 Resumen Aceptado: 23/04/2007 En el presente trabajo damos a conocer la diversidad de fl oración y fructifi cación observada du- rante un año de estudio fenológico en la Reserva de Paucarillo (noroeste de la Amazonía Peruana 3°41’ S, 72°24’ W). Registramos un total de 270 especies en 59 familias, de las cuales el 57% son representadas solamente por 1 individuo. Las Arecaceae y Rubiaceae fueron las familias dominantes en este sitio. Palabras clave: fructifi cación de plantas, diversidad, bosque de tierra fi rme, noreste Perú, Ama- zonas. Introduction Th is paper documents the species diversity of plants that were phenologically active (i.e. fl owering and/or fruiting) during a Río Amazonas one year period at a site in the Peruvian Amazon that is mostly unstudied. To date, most botanical studies in the Peruvian Ama- zon have been concentrated at a few established research sites in southern Peru, e.g. Manu (Foster 1990, Pitman et al. 2002). http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/biologiaNEW.htm However, there has been detailed fl oristic surveys in northwes- N tern Peruvian Amazon in two sites near Iquitos at Allpahuayo- Mishana (Gentry 1988, Malhi et al. 2002) and at the Explorama lodges (Vásquez Martínez 1997), which are located 122,7 km west and 77 km north-west of the study site described here. Th is Río Orosa project was part of a larger project to assess the productivity of vertebrate-dispersed fruit at Paucarillo. Th is paper adds to our Santa Ursula growing pool of knowledge regarding the plant species diversity and distribution of Peru’s lowland Amazonian plants. Terra Firme Paucarillo Forest Forest Reserve Study site description Study site Our study was carried out in Paucarillo Reserve (3°41’ S, Loreto 72°24’ W), located in the Department of Loreto on the Rio Oro- Terra Firme Forest Río Amazonas sa (a southern tributary of the Amazon) (Fig. 1). Th is 500 hectare reserve encompasses primary igapo (black-water inundated Perú forest) and terra fi rme forest and is owned by Project Amazonas (http://www.projectamazonas.com/), a non-profi t organization based in Florida. Surrounding this reserve is primary forest that extends to the Brazilian border, so that the contiguous forest in Figure 1. Location of study site in Paucarillo Reserve (3° this area exceeds 100000 hectares (D. Graham pers. comm.). 41’S, 72° 24’W). Rev. peru. biol. 14(1): 025- 031 (August 2007) 25 CHOO ET AL. Table 1. Summary of plants that fl owered and produced fruits during the study period. Family Family Plants Plants No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Genera Genera Species Species 1. Annonaceae 9 12 16 31. Linaceae 1 1 1 2. Apocynaceae 2 2 3 32. Loranthaceae 1 1 1 3. Araceae 4 5 9 33. Malpighiaceae 4 5 5 4. Arecaceae 11 19 236 34. Malvaceae 1 2 7 5. Araliaceae 1 1 1 35. Melastomaceae 2 3 12 6. Aristolochiaceae 1 1 2 36. Meliacea 2 4 5 7. Asteraceae 1 1 1 37. Menispermaceae 3 4 5 8. Bignoniaceae 2 2 2 38. Moraceae 6 14 18 9. Bombacaceae 3 3 8 39. Myristicaceae 4 17 76 10. Boraginaceae 1 2 3 40. Myrsinaceae 1 1 1 11. Burseraceae 2 3 11 41. Myrtaceae 3 5 6 12. Cecropiaceae 3 12 26 42. Nyctaginaceae 1 5 6 13. Celastraceae 3 4 7 43. Ochnaceae 1 1 2 14. Chrysobalanaceae 1 1 1 44. Piperaceae 1 2 3 15. Clusiaceae 3 6 7 45. Polygalaceae 1 1 2 16. Combretaceae 1 1 2 46. Rhamnaceae 1 1 1 17. Connaraceae 3 5 5 47. Rhizophoraceae 1 1 2 18. Convolvulaceae 2 3 17 48. Rubiaceae 11 19 86 19. Cyclanthaceae 1 1 8 49. Sabiaceae 2 3 5 20. Dichapetalaceae 1 2 3 50. Sapindaceae 4 5 12 21. Dilleniaceae 2 4 6 51. Sapotaceae 3 10 21 22. Elaeocarpaceae 1 5 7 52. Simaroubaceae 1 1 1 23. Euphorbiaceae 12 15 42 53. Siparunaceae 1 1 11 24. Fabaceae 10 15 32 54. Solanaceae 2 2 2 25. Flacourtiaceae 4 6 21 55. Sterculiaceae 1 3 3 26. Gesneriaceae 1 1 11 56. Theophrastaceae 1 2 2 27. Heliconiaceae 1 2 3 57. Verbenaceae 2 3 3 28. Icacinaceae 1 1 1 58. Violaceae 3 4 10 29. Lauraceae 3 4 6 59. Vitaceae 1 1 1 30. Lecythidacea 1 9 40 Total 157 270 847 Climate data from the nearest meteorological station in Pebas for 11 months and once for the month of December. During (4 o S, 73o W) managed by SENAMHI (Servicio Nacional de surveys, JC walked along net lanes to record the fl owering and Meteorología e Hirología del Perú), 66,88 km northeast from fruiting activity of all plants (herbs, shrubs, epiphytes, lianas the study site, recorded total precipitation of 3296,9 mm during and trees) found within the phenology belts. Two fi eld assistants the one year study period. walked in tandem with her within the phenology belts to detect fl owering and fruiting plants in the understory and to help Materials and methods detect fl owering and fruiting canopy plants that she may have Th e data presented here is part of a larger study of the birds missed. When fl owers or fruits were discovered on the forest and forest fruits in this area (Choo, 2005). Two study plots fl oor, attempts were made to locate the source(s). Surveys were located in terra fi rme forest were established at the study site. conducted visually and if necessary with the aid of binoculars In each plot, four parallel trails 90 m long and 50 m apart were (10×40 and 10×50). established that served as mist-net lanes for capturing birds as part of another study, and were used for the phenological surveys All plants found fl owering or fruiting were uniquely numbered described here. Each study plot consisted of 8 phenology lanes with an aluminum tag. Plant habits were recorded as herb, shrub, (each 90 × 10 m) fl anking both sides of the net lanes. Th ese epiphyte, treelet (subcanopy small trees), liana, tree (large canopy phenology lanes covered an area of 7200 m2 per study plot. Th e and subcanopy trees). Plants with easily recognized vegetative, total area surveyed for 12 months at this site covered an area of fl oral and fruit characteristics were grouped in the fi eld by JC into 14400 m2 or 1,44 ha. morphospecies and a representative voucher for each morphospe- cies was collected from those plants that subsequently produced Phenological data were collected from October 2001 to Sep- fruit. All other plants that were not easily grouped were collected http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVRevistas/biologia/biologiaNEW.htm tember 2002. Phenology surveys were conducted twice a month 26 Rev. peru. biol. 14(1): 025- 031 (Agosto 2007) DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PLANTS WITH FLOWERS AND FRUITS IN PAUCARILLO RESERVE Table 2. Checklist of plants that fl owered and fruited during the one year duration of the study. Family Plants Genus Species N° Annonaceae Cremastosperma caulifl orum R.E. Fr. 1931 1 Duguetia caulifl ora R.E. Fr. 1939 1 Ephedranthus guianensis R.E. Fr. 1931 1 Guatteria calophylla R.E. Fr. 1 recurvisepala R.E. Fr. 1939 2 Klarobelia caulifl ora Chatrou 1998 2 Oxandra xylopioides Diels 1927 1 Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra 1985 1 Unonopsis stipitata Diels 1905 3 venefi ciorum (Mart.) R.E. Fr. 1937 1 Xylopia cuspidata Diels 1927 1 frutescens Aubl. 1775 1 Apocynaceae Lacmellea speciosa Woodson 1949 1 Odontadenia puncticulosa (Rich.) Pulle 1906 2 Araceae Anthurium eminens Schott 1855 1 Dieffenbachia parvifolia Engl. 1915 1 Monstera obliqua Miq. 1844 1 sp. nov. 2 Philodendron wittianum Engl. 1905 4 Araliaceae Dendropanax umbellatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Decne. & Planch. 1854 1 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia ruziana (Klotzsch) Duch. 1864 2 Asteraceae Mikania hookeriana DC. 1836 1 Bignoniaceae Jacaranda glabra (A.DC.) Bureau & K. Schum. 1897 1 Mussatia hyacinthine (Standl.) Sandwith 1937 1 Bombacaceae Matisia ochrocalyx K. Schum. 1886 1 Phragmotheca mammosa W.S. Alverson 1991 1 Scleronema praecox (Ducke) Ducke 1937 6 Boraginaceae Cordia nodosa Lam.
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