sign in sign up
<<
Home , Acanthophoenix, Acanthophoenix crinita, Acanthophoenix rubra, Areceae, Burretiokentia, Carpoxylon

Wendland’s Palms Hermann Wendland (1825 – 1903) of Herrenhausen Gardens, Hannover: his contribution to the and horticulture of the palms ( )

John Leslie Dowe

Published by the

Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin as Englera 36

Serial publication of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin

November 2019 Englera is an international monographic series published at irregular intervals by the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM), Freie Universität Berlin. The scope of Englera is original peer-reviewed material from the entire fields of , algal and fungal taxonomy and systematics, also covering related fields such as floristics, plant geography and history of , provided that it is monographic in approach and of considerable volume.

Editor: Nicholas J. Turland Production Editor: Michael Rodewald Printing and bookbinding: Laserline Druckzentrum Berlin KG

Englera online access: Previous volumes at least three years old are available through JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/journal/englera

Englera homepage: https://www.bgbm.org/englera

Submission of manuscripts: Before submitting a manuscript please contact Nicholas J. Turland, Editor of Englera, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin- Luise-Str. 6 – 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]

Subscription: Verlagsauslieferung Soyka, Goerzallee 299, 14167 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: kontakt@ soyka-berlin.de; https://shop.soyka-berlin.de/bgbm-press

Exchange: BGBM Press, Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6 – 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]

© 2019 Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin All rights (including translations into other languages) reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, me- chanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISSN 0170-4818 ISBN 978-3-946292-31-9

Financial support: This publication has been sponsored by: Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, . Friends of the Botanic Gardens Cairns, Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Palm & Cycad Societies of Australia, Milton, Queensland, Australia.

Citation: Dowe J. L. 2019: Wendland’s Palms. Hermann Wendland (1825 – 1903) of Herrenhausen Gardens, Hannover: his contribution to the taxonomy and horticulture of the palms (Arecaceae). – Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. – Englera 36.

Address of the author: Dr. John Leslie Dowe, Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook Uni- versity, Smithfield, Queensland 4878, Australia; e-mail: [email protected]

Cover design: Front cover: , from Bonplandia (10: t. 15. 1862). – Back cover: vitiense, from Seemann B., Flora Vitiensis (t. 80. 1868, as Sagus vitiensis). – See Fig. 35 (p. 62) and Fig. 34 (p. 61), respectively, in this volume. Contents 5

Contents

Summary and key words ...... 7 Acknowledgements ...... 8 Introduction ...... 9 Material and methods ...... 10 Hermann Wendland and the Herrenhausen “dynasty” ...... 11 The Berggarten palm collection ...... 12 New Palm House, the Berggarten, 1880 ...... 16 Hermann Wendland: palm taxonomy and nomenclature ...... 19 Wendland’s palm classification system ...... 20 Taxonomic palm lists in books ...... 23 Wendland’s publications ...... 25 Taxonomic output ...... 27 American genera ...... 27 Chamaedorea ...... 27 Geonoma ...... 35 ...... 39 ...... 40 Malortiea [] ...... 40 Washingtonia ...... 42 Welfia ...... 45 Other regional treatments ...... 46 Africa ...... 46 Caribbean region (including Florida) ...... 49 Indian Ocean islands: Seychelles, Mascarenes, Comoros and Madagascar ...... 53 and ...... 58 Tuamotu Islands ...... 63 Micronesia ...... 63 New Caledonia ...... 63 Asia ...... 67 Australia and Palmae Australasicae ...... 70 Etymology ...... 75 Conclusion ...... 77 References ...... 78 Appendix 1. Names of taxa in the Arecaceae associated with Hermann Wendland ...... 89 Appendix 2. Publications on palms by Hermann Wendland ...... 128 Index to scientific names ...... 131

Tables Table 1. Comparative equivalents of the major groups of classification of Arecaceae by Martius, Wendland and Dransfield & al...... 21 Table 2. Hermann Wendland’s palm classification system ...... 22 Table 3. The classification outline of Palmae Australasicae ...... 74 Table 4. Palm and genera named for Hermann Wendland ...... 76 Summary and key words 7

Summary

“H. Wendl.” is a prominent author citation asso- ral novelties (see Appendix 1) associated with ciated with the taxonomy and nomenclature of Wendland. The names were verified for issues Arecaceae (the palm family), and refers to the of valid publication, legitimacy, priority and au- German botanist Hermann Wendland (1825– thorship. Names associated with Wendland are 1903), who was among the world’s foremost defined thus: either Wendland was an author of specialists of the palm family in the mid- to the names, or they were ascribed to Wendland late nineteenth century. Wendland represented by other authors, or they are new combinations the third generation of one of the most eminent or names at new rank based on such names (so horticultural/botanical “dynasties” of Europe, that “H. Wendl.” appears in the author citation following his father, Heinrich Ludolph Wend- of the names). The 549 names are at the ranks land (1792–1869) and his grandfather, Johann of subtribe (two), (62), subgenus (22), Christoph Wendland (1755–1828). After an section (nine), species (422), subspecies (14) apprenticeship under his father, and extensive and variety (18). Also listed are 164 names as- travels through Europe, Hermann Wendland sociated with Wendland that were not validly embarked on developing the Berggarten, one published. Altogether, the names represent 60 of the component gardens of the Royal Gardens currently accepted genera and 249 species, al- of Herrenhausen, Hannover, as a major centre though these numbers are open to interpretation of palm horticulture and research, establishing depending on taxonomic opinion. Of the cur- Europe’s largest living collection of cultivated rently accepted names, 44 at the rank of genus palms, an extensive herbarium and Europe’s and 134 at the rank of species are associated tallest glasshouse, in which the palm collection with Wendland. This list is not intended to be a was displayed. Wendland achieved praise from taxonomic revision of the names, but a histori- his peers as a consummate cultivator of palms cal record of names associated with Wendland. and was active in horticultural expositions and Wendland is associated with more palm genera botanical congresses. His taxonomic work on than any other botanist and his legacy forms the palms extended to all parts of the world, and basis for much of the contemporary taxonomic he developed fruitful collaboration with other work on palms. A complete list of publications botanists on large monographs and regional by Wendland on the palms is also included (Ap- treatments, working with botanists such as Os- pendix 2). car Drude, August Grisebach, William Botting Hemsley, Jean Linden, Gustav Mann, Berthold Key words: Arecaceae, Palmae, Hermann Seemann, Richard Spruce and others. An ex- Wendland, Herrenhausen Gardens, Berggarten, amination of the major online taxonomic data- palms, nomenclature, taxonomy, horticulture, bases for ­Arecaceae, in the World Checklist of plant collecting, herbarium specimens, biogra- Selected Plant Families (Govaerts & al. 2016+) phy, Oscar Drude, August Grisebach, William and the International Plant Names Index (IPNI Botting Hemsley, Jean Linden, Gustav Mann, 2017+), as well as additional broad literature Carl von Martius, Ferdinand Mueller, Berthold searches, generated a list of 549 nomenclatu- Seemann, Richard Spruce. Hermann Wendland and the Herrenhausen “dynasty” 11

Hermann Wendland and the Herrenhausen “dynasty”

[Johann Bernhard Daniel] Hermann Wendland perience in practical horticulture and botany. (born 11 October 1825; died 12 January 1903) Wendland fi rst spent May – September 1846 at (Fig. 1) represented the third generation of one the Royal Botanic Garden in Schöneberg near of the most eminent gardening/botanical “dynas- Berlin as a volunteer gardener under Carl David ties” of Europe (Volz 2006). Following his fa- Bouché, then in September 1846 to July 1847 in ther, Heinrich Ludolph Wendland (1792 – 1869) Austria at the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn and his grandfather, Johann Christoph Wendland near Vienna where he received horticultural (1755 – 1828), Hermann Wendland held directo- training and botanical instruction from the ar- rial/botanical positions at the Royal Gardens of oidologist Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. After this, Herrenhausen, Hannover, Germany (Stafl eu & he spent a short time working in the garden of Cowan 1988; Peters 2013; Rettich 2016). See- Baron Charles von Hügel at Hietzing near Vi- mann (1865) succinctly summarized the bo- enna. At this time, Hügel was President of the tanical contribution of the three generations of Imperial Royal Horticultural Society and a full Wendlands:

the Botanic Gardens at Herrenhausen, where one of the richest and rarest collections of , and the most complete set of palms, is now cultivated. The name of the garden is honourably associated with the history of botany. It was here where Ehrhardt, a pupil of Linnaeus, wrote his Beiträge [Ehrhardt 1787 – 1792], the elder Wendland his works on ericas [Wendland 1798 – 1823], and in con- nection with Schrader his Sertum [Schrader & Wendland 1795 – 1798], his son, a work on phyllodineous acacias [Wendland 1820], and in conjunction with Bartling a monograph of Diosmeae [Bartling & Wendland 1824]; and his grandson (Hermann Wendland), numer- ous papers on the palms and allied orders.

After completing early education at the Court School in Herrenhausen in 1841, Wendland was Fig. 1. Miniature portrait of Hermann Wendland, apprenticed by his father as a gardener until 1844. 1895, 67 × 56 mm [painting by Carl Georg Louis He received private tuition in French, English, Bostelmann]. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek. Latin and illustration. In 1845, he enrolled in two semesters at the Georg-August University Göt- tingen where he received botanical tuition from member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling (1798 – 1875), direc- (Hügel 1903). In late 1847, Wendland travelled tor of the Botanic Garden and former university to Switzerland and Italy, after which he worked colleague of Hermann’s father Heinrich, who co- for the horticulturalist Lambert Jacob-Makoy at authored with him a number of botanical works Liège in Belgium. From Liège, he went to the (see Bartling & Wendland 1824, 1824 – 1825). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, where In 1846, his father organized a three-year travel he remained in 1848 – 1849. At Kew, Wendland plan for his son as a “journeyman” to gain ex- worked under William Jackson Hooker, and es- Hermann Wendland: palm taxonomy and nomenclature 19

Hermann Wendland: palm taxonomy and nomenclature

Wendland’s interest in palms became global. Al- Wendland’s sources of herbarium specimens though much of his taxonomic output comprised and propagation materials included his own col- regional accounts, he was productive in generic lections made in Central America in 1856 – 1857, treatments and the ongoing description of sin- those made by numerous collectors and most of gle genera and species as information came to which were subsequently returned to botanical hand. He was very active with American palms, institutions in Europe, and species that were where he followed a tradition established by then being cultivated in European gardens and botanists such as Jacquin, Karsten, Kunth, Mar- glasshouses and for which the precise native tius, Spruce, Trail and Wallace, among others origins were sometimes not known or otherwise (Karsten 1847, 1858 – 1869; Martius 1823 – 1853; unclear (Hodel 1992). Wendland was associated Wallace 1853; Spruce 1871; McVaugh 1955; with many palm names that were mentioned in Sánchez 2006). Wendland travelled in Central correspondence, horticultural publications and America 1856 – 1857, thus adding to the tradi- technical reports, hence the use of the author tion. In other areas such as Africa, Australasia, citation “H. Wendl. ex. -----” for many names and in the Pacific Ocean, no such tradition had (see Kerchove de Denterghem 1878; Salomon been forged and palm collecting and taxonomy 1887). Conversely, Wendland applied formal had been largely taken up by visiting European publication of names that had been informally collectors and botanists whose enterprise related used by other authors, hence the author citation to broad floristic treatments rather than indi- vidual families such as the palms. An exception to this in the Australasian region was the work of Baron Ferdinand von Mueller (1825 – 1896) (Fig. 7), Victorian Government Botanist at the Melbourne Botanic Gardens, who had estab- lished himself as the region’s most influential and productive taxonomist (Home & al. 2002; Maroske 2006). Mueller, however, played no particular attention to the palms with regard to monographic treatments, and most of his palm taxonomy involved single or small groups of species promptly described as he received speci- mens of them from his network of collectors in Australasia (Dowe & Maroske 2016). Mueller’s most active period with regard to palm taxonomy was 1865 – 1880, during which he named 19 new taxa, and also a time that somewhat coincided with that of Wendland’s most active years. Al- though initially reluctant to “share” taxonomic work on Australian palms, Mueller, over time, assigned palm taxonomy to specialists such as Bavarian botanist, explorer and palm specialist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794 – 1868) (Mueller 1868), George Bentham (1800 – 1884) (Mueller 1872), Wendland (Mueller undated) Fig. 7. Baron Ferdinand von Mueller (1825 – 1896), and Odoardo Beccari (1843 – 1920) (Mueller circa 1874 – 1884 [photograph by J. W. Lindt]. State 1885, 1887a, 1887b; Beccari 1885). Library of Victoria. Taxonomic output – Americas – Chamaedorea 27

Taxonomic output As background to the list of names presented in dorea species in a series of three papers each Appendix 1, the following sections outline most describing a single new species. The first was of Wendland’s enduring palm taxonomy. In the C. geonomiformis (Fig. 8), described from cul- text, Wendland’s original name appears first and tivated plants in Herrenhausen Gardens origi- if now a , the current name follows in nally collected by Józef Warscewicz in Guate­ square brackets. mala (Wendland 1852b). This was followed by the description of C. ernesti-augusti (Fig. 9), described from a cultivated plant collected by American genera Linden in Mexico in 1847. The species was Twenty-three genera of American palms were named to honour Ernst August I, King of Hanno- established by Wendland. Of these, 12 are cur- ver (1771 – 1851) (Wendland 1852c). The last pa- rently accepted and 11 have been reduced to per in the series described C. pygmaea, based on synonymy. The currently accepted genera, cultivated specimens at Herrenhausen collected in chronological order of publication include by Linden in (Wendland 1852d). Syne­chanthus (Wendland 1858a); Calyptrogyne In 1853, Wendland provided a revised delimi- (Wendland 1859a); and tation of Chamaedorea, which supported the (Wendland 1860a); Gaussia (Wendland 1865b); maintenance of a closely related genus Morenia Welfia (Regel 1869); Rhapidophyllum (Drude for which he described new species and subspe- 1876); Washingtonia (Wendland 1879a); Acoe­ cies. Morenia was established by Ruiz & Pavon lorrhaphe (Wendland 1879b); Asterogyne and (1794) based on specimens gathered in . Pholidostachys (Hooker 1883); and Pseudo­ Wendland’s new taxa included M. oblongata [C. (Sargent 1886). Those reduced to syn- sartorii] and M. oblongata var. conferta [C. sar­ onymy include Malortiea [Reinhardtia] (Wend- torii] (Wendland 1853b). land 1853a); Eleuthero ­petalum [Chamaedorea] Another six Chamaedorea species were de- (Oersted 1859); Catoblastus [] (Wend- scribed in a continuing series of two papers. land 1860b); Porothrinax [] (Grisebach These included C. martiana [C. cataractarum], 1866); Acanthorhiza [] (Linden which Wendland named “to honour the palm 1869); Diglossophyllum [] (Schaedtler specialist, Dr von Martius”; C. lepidota [C. 1875); Diodosperma []; (Wendland liebmannii]; and C. lindeniana [C. catarac­ 1878b); Lepidococcus [Mauritiella] (Kerchove tarum], named to honour “Mr Linden of Brus- de Denterghem 1878); Chamaephoenix [Pseu­ sels”, which were published in a paper about dophoenix] (Curtiss 1887); Sargentia [Pseu­ new species from Central America (Wendland dophoenix] (Salomon 1887); and Chamaethri­ 1853c). The remaining three species were C. nax [Trithrinax] (Pfister 1892). In addition to desmoncoides [C. elatior], C. karwinskyana [C. establishing new genera, Wendland also made pochutlensis] and C. resinifera [C. elatior] and significant contributions adding new species were described in a paper concerning the “C. to existing genera, in particular Chamaedorea, elatior complex” and related species (Wendland Geonoma and Bactris. Outlines for each of 1853d). Chamaedorea karwinskyana was named these genera, and others of significance, are pre- for Wilhelm Friedrich Karwinski von Karwin sented below. (1780 – 1855), a Hungarian naturalist based in Bavaria, who travelled in 1821 – 1826 and Mexico 1826 – 1832, 1840 – 1843 (HUH 2016a). Chamaedorea As palms and other decorative tropical plants Of all the genera that Wendland worked on, were increasingly being grown in Europe at this Chamaedorea is the one for which he is most time (Bolle 1858), Wendland (1854b) compiled remembered. The first new palm species to be his Index Palmarum, Cyclanthearum, Panda­ formally described by Wendland were Chamae­ nearum, Cycadearum. In the introduction he 28 Taxonomic output – Americas – Chamaedorea

Fig. 8. Chamaedorea geonomiformis (as Nunnezharia geonomiformis). Bot. Mag. 100: t. 6088. 1874 [W. Fitch del. et lith.]. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Library. Taxonomic output – Americas – Chamaedorea 29

Fig. 9. Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti, female plant. Bot. Mag. 81: t. 4831. 1855 [W. Fitch del. et lith.]. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Library. Taxonomic output – Australia and Palmae Australasicae 71

Fig. 42. cunninghamiana and elegans (as Seaforthia ­elegans). Bot. Mag. 83: t. 4961. 1857 [W. Fitch del. et lith.]. The illustration is a mix- ture of two species: fig. 1 – 6 depict A. cunninghamiana (the lectotype of the basionym, ­Ptychosperma cunninghamianum, see Dowe 2010: 175) while fig. 7 – 11 depict P. ele­ gans. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Library. 78 References

References Aitchison J. E. T. 1882: On the flora of Kuram Anon. 1903c: Hermann Wendland. – Bull. Misc. Valley, &c., Afghanistan. Part II. – J. Linn. Inform. Kew 1: 29. Soc., Bot. 19: 139 – 200. Anon. 2016: History of the U.S. Herbarium. – Ames O. & Correll D. S. 1952: Orchids of Gua- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural temala. – Fieldiana, Bot. 26(1): i – xiii, 1 – 395. History. – Published at https://naturalhistory André E. 1871a: Welfia regia, H. Wendland. Wel­ .si.edu/research/botany/about [accessed April fia royal. – Ill. Hort. 18: 93 – 94, t. 62. 2016]. André E. 1871b: melanochaetes Auhagen [R.] 1882: Das neue Palmenhaus auf H. Wendland. – Ill. Hort. 18: 54, t. 54. dem Königl. Berggarten zu Herrenhausen. – André E. 1874a: Geonoma gracilis, Linden & Gart.-Zeitung (Berlin) 1: 6 – 11. André. – Ill. Hort. 21: t. CLXIX. Baikie W. B. 1856: Narrative of an exploring André E. 1874b: Pritchardia pacifica, B. See- voyage up the rivers Kwo’ra and Bi’nue mann. Pritchardia de l’Ocean Pacifique. – (commonly known as the Niger and Tsádda) Ill. Hort. 21: 27 – 28, t. CLXI. in 1854. – London: John Murray. André E. 1883a: joannis. – Rev. Hort. Balfour I. B. 1877: Palmae. – Pp. 379 – 388 in: 55: 344 – 345. Baker J. G. (ed.), Flora of Mauritius and the André E. 1883b: Exposition Internationale de Seychelles. – London: L. Reeve & Co. la Société Royale d’Agriculture et de Bota- Bartling F. G. & Wendland H. L. 1824: Dios­ nique de Gand. – Rev. Hort. 55: 205 – 210. meae: descriptae et illustratae. – Göttingen: André E. 1883c: Pritchardia vuylstekeana. – Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Rev. Hort. 55: 329 – 330. Bartling F. G. & Wendland H. L. 1824 – 1825: Anon. 1857: Reisende. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) Beiträge zur Botanik. 2 vols. – Göttingen: 15: 278 – 280. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. Anon. 1865a: [Editorial]. – Gard. Chron. 1865: Beccari O. 1885: Reliquiae Schefferianae. – 292. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2: 77 – 171. Anon. 1865b: The thief palm ( Beccari O. 1889: Le palme del genere Pritchar­ sechellarum, Herm. Wendl.). – J. Bot. 3: dia. – Malesia 3: 281 – 317. 353 – 354. Beccari O. 1903: Systematic enumeration of the Anon. 1866: Botanical Congress. – Gard. Chron. species of Calamus and Daemonorops, with 1866: 490 – 491. diagnoses of the new ones. – Rec. Bot. Surv. Anon. 1870: Garden memoranda. M. Linden’s India 2: 197 – 230. establishment at Brussels. – Gard. Chron. Beeler B. H. 1960: What’s in a name. – Principes 1870: 865 – 866. 4: 143 – 144. Anon. 1875a: [Editorial]. – Gard. Chron., n.s., Beentje H. J. 1998: J. M. Hildebrandt 4: 270. (1847 – 1881): notes on his travels and plant Anon. 1875b: Science notes. Botany. Palms. – collections. – Kew Bull. 53: 835 – 856. Academy, Weekly Rev. 8(173): 228. Bentham G. 1839: Plantas Hartwegianas: im- Anon. 1875c: Cologne International Horticul- primis Mexicanas adjectis nonnullis Grahami- tural Exhibition. – Gard. Chron., n.s., 4: 294. anis enumerat novasque describit. – Londini. Anon. 1878: Report of the Council. [Charles Bentham G. & Hooker J. D. 1862 – 1883: Genera Pickering]. – Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 13: plantarum: ad exemplaria imprimis in her- 441 – 444. beriis Kewensibus servata definita. 3 vols. – Anon. 1886: Litteratur. – Gartenflora35 : 93 – 95. Londini: A. Black. Anon. 1903a: Hermann Wendland. – Möller’s Bolle C. 1858: Ueber die Acclimatisation der Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 18: 47 – 48. Pflanzen. – Z. Acclim. 1: 45 – 49. Anon. 1903b: Obituary (Hermann Wendland). – Britten E. G. 1890: Ghiesbreght, Augustus B. Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 33: 58. Explorador de Mexico; veda y trabajos del Appendix 1 – Names in Arecaceae associated with Hermann Wendland 89

Appendix 1

Names of taxa in the Arecaceae associated with Hermann Wendland

The primary source used to generate this list Following the establishment of the work- was the online World Checklist of Selected Plant ing list of names, all original publications and Families (WCSP), i.e. Govaerts R., Dransfield J., protologues were sourced to determine statuses Zona S. F, Hodel D. R. & Henderson A. 2016+: of priority, author citations and validity, based World checklist of Arecaceae. Facilitated by on the International Code of Nomenclature the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. – Published for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code; at https://wcsp.science.kew.org/. The WCSP Turland & al. 2018). Further attention was provides synonymy and proposes a currently given to orthographical variants. The WCSP accepted name. Original references were exam- was assumed prima facie to provide the most ined to verify the information provided in the reasonable assessment of accepted names and WCSP. Of particular importance were four early taxonomic synonymy. Despite this assump- primary publications that provided taxonomic tion, many discrepancies and conflicts became lists of palms that were closely associated with evident, in particular issues of valid publication, the work of Hermann Wendland. priority and author citation. The list consists 1. Wendland H. 1854: Index Palmarum, Cyclan­ of names authored by or ascribed to Hermann thearum, Pandanearum, Cycadearum, quae in Wendland, with author citations and full biblio- hortis europaeis coluntur, synonymis graviori­ graphic references. If such a name is based on bus interpositis. – Hannoverae: in libraria aulica a basionym or replaced synonym that does not ­Hahnii. This included the names of all palms contain Wendland in its author citation, that ba- known to be cultivated in Europe, or otherwise sionym or replaced synonym is also cited with a received into collections, as well as a synopsis full bibliographic reference. When a name that of the genus Chamaedorea that contained new contains Wendland in its author citation is itself names and formally described species. a basionym or a replaced synonym, the later 2. Schaedtler G. 1875: Die Palmen des Königl. homotypic names (new combinations, names Berggartens zu Herrenhausen bei Hannover. at new ranks, and replacement names) are cited – Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung 31: with full bibliographic references. Heterotypic 20 – 27, 66 – 71, 110 – 115, 155 – 170, 213 – 221, synonyms are omitted except when indicating 250 – 260. Many of the names included in this a currently accepted name. Examination and publication were based on provisional and/or tag assessment of heterotypic synonyms not as- names provided by Wendland for the palm col- sociated with Wendland was beyond the scope lection at Herrenhausen and elsewhere by other of this work, as it would have considerably in- horticulturists. creased the number of names to be sourced and 3. Kerchove de Denterghem O. de 1878: Les assessed. This work is not intended to be a strict palmiers. – Paris: J. Rothschild. This publica- taxonomic revision of the names, but rather an tion included a list compiled by Wendland of all annotated record of names historically associ- known palm names with generic transfers and ated with Wendland. The list is arranged alpha- synonymies. betically. Synonyms within a paragraph are ar- 4. Salomon C. 1887: Die Palmen nebst ihren ranged chronologically. Each later synonym has Gattungen und Arten für Gewächshaus- und a separate entry referenced to the corresponding Zimmer-Kultur. – Berlin: Paul Parey. This pub- earliest synonym, hence avoiding repetition of lication provided a summary of all known palm bibliographical references. Currently accepted names, with generic transfers and the description names are indicated by boldface. The iden- of new taxa, of which many were based on exist- tity sign (≡) indicates a homotypic synonym, ing and proposed names attributed to Wendland. whereas the equality sign (=) indicates a hetero- 90 Appendix 1 – Names in Arecaceae associated with Hermann Wendland typic synonym, which is also placed in square crinita (Bory) H. Wendl. in brackets. A question mark (?) indicates doubt Ann. Gén. Hort. 16: 181. 1867 ≡ crinita as to taxonomic synonymy. A dash (–) indicates Bory, Voy. Îles Afrique 1: 307. 1804. synonyms that are not validly published names. Strictly speaking, such “invalid names” do not (Bory) H. Wendl., see have types and cannot therefore be homotypic Areca rubra Bory or heterotypic synonyms, but they are often cited in the literature, hence indicating their no- Acanthorrhiza H. Wendl. in Gartenflora 18: 241. menclatural status and their relationship with 1869. [= Cryosophila Blume]. validly published names can be useful. Similar- ly, author citations strictly apply only to validly Acanthorrhiza aculeata (Liebm.) H. Wendl., see published names, but they are nevertheless used Trithrinax aculeata Liebm. in this list for all categories of names. Acanthorrhiza mocini (Kunth) H. Wendl. ex Other terms and abbreviations used Hook. f., see Chamaerops mocini Kunth hort. (hortorum or hortulanorum) – of gardens or of gardeners. In an author citation, refers Acanthorrhiza stauracantha (Heynh.) H. Wendl. to a name used in horticulture without ascrip- ex Linden, see Chamaerops stauracantha ­Heynh. tion to any particular author(s). nom. cons. (nomen conservandum) – name to be Acantho­rrhiza wallisii H. Wendl. in Hamburger conserved. Conserved names may be used, Garten- Blumenzeitung 31: 213. 1875, “Acan­ although without conservation they could thorrhyza wallisi”, nom. inval., nom. nud. – lack priority or be illegitimate. Acanthorrhiza wallisii H. Wendl. ex Regel in nom. illeg. (nomen illegitimum) – illegitimate Gartenflora 28: 163, t. 977, fig. 2. 1879, “Acan­ name. A validly published name that is thorhiza wallisi”, nom. inval., nom. nud. against the rules and cannot be used, either because it was nomenclaturally superfluous Acanthorrhiza warscewiczii H. Wendl. in Gar- when published (nom. illeg. ­superfl.) or is a tenflora 18: 242. 1869 ≡ Cryosophila warsce­ later homonym. wiczii (H. Wendl.) Bartlett in Publ. Carnegie nom. inval. (nomen invalidum) – “invalid name”. Inst. Wash. 461: 38. 1935. A name not validly published. nom. nud. (nomen nudum) – naked name. A Acoelorraphe H. Wendl. in Bot. Zeitung (Ber- name lacking a validating description or di- lin) 37: 147 – 148. 1879. agnosis and therefore not validly published. nom. superfl. (nomen superfluum) – superflu- Acoelorraphe salvadorensis (H. Wendl. ex ous name. A name that was nomenclaturally Becc.) Bartlett, see Brahea salvadorensis H. superfluous when published. Such a name is Wendl. ex Becc. illegitimate (nom. illeg. ­superfl.) unless it has a basionym. Acoelorraphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. non – not. Used to indicate an earlier homo- Wendl. ex Becc., see wrightii Griseb. nym. & H. Wendl. pro syn. (pro synonymo) – as a synonym. A name merely cited as a synonym and therefore not Acrocomia cubensis Lodd. ex H. Wendl., Index validly published. Palm.: 1. 1854, nom. inval., nom. nud. [= Acro­ comia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R. Keith]. List of names Acrocomia zapotecis Karw. ex H. Wendl. in Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 230. 1878, Acanthophoenix H. Wendl. in Ann. Gén. Hort. nom. inval., pro syn. [= Acrocomia aculeata 16: 181. 1867. (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R. Keith]. 128 Appendix 2 – Publications on palms by Hermann Wendland

Appendix 2

Publications on palms by Hermann Wendland

Drude O. & Wendland H. 1875: Ueber Grise­ Wendland H. 1857: Reisenotizen des Hofgärtners bachia, ein neues Palmengenus aus der H. Wendland. – Hamburger Garten- Blumen- Gruppe der Arecinen. – Nachr. Königl. Ges. zeitung 13: 178 – 180, 280 – 285, 361 – 365, Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1875: 54 – 60. 504 – 516, 532 – 550. Mann G. & Wendland H. 1864: On the palms of Wendland H. 1858: Eine neue Palmengattung. western tropical Africa. – Trans. Linn. Soc. Synechanthus gen. n. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) London 24: 421 – 439. 16: 145. Wendland H. 1852: Die Königlichen Gärten zu Wendland H. 1858: Ueber Seaforthia elegans Herrenhausen bei Hannover. – Hannover: hort. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 16: 345 – 347. Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung. Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibung einer neuen Wendland H. 1852: Beschreibung einer neuen Palmenart aus der Gattung Malortiea. – Bot. Chamaedorea. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 20: Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 5. 1 – 3. Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- Wendland H. 1852: Beschreibung einer neuen men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 17. Chamaedorea. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 20: Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- 73 – 74. men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 29 – 30. Wendland H. 1852: Beschreibung einer neuen Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- Chamaedorea. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 20: men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 63 – 64. 217 – 218, 249. Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- Wendland H. 1853: Ueber einige Palmen Central- men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 72 – 73. Amerika’s. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 1 – 4. Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- Wendland H. 1853: Eine neue Palmen-Gattung men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 102 – 103. aus Guatemala. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- 25 – 28. men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 158 – 159. Wendland H. 1853: Beschreibung dreier neuen Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- Chamaedoreen aus Central-Amerika. – Allg. men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 165. Gartenzeitung 21: 137 – 140. Wendland H. 1859: Beschreibungen neuer Pal- Wendland H. 1853: Beschreibung einer neuen men. – Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 17: 174 – 175. Palme aus der Gattung Malortiea – Allg. Wendland H. 1859: Ueber die Palmengattung Gartenzeitung 21: 145 – 147. Synechanthus Hrm. Wendl. – Wochenschr. Wendland H. 1853: Ueber Chamaedora elatior Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 2: 15 – 16. Mart. und die nahe verwandten Arten [part Wendland H. 1860: Bemerkungen über einige 1]. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 169 – 172. Palmengattungen Amerika’s. [Über Cero­ Wendland H. 1853: Ueber Chamaedorea elatior xylon Humb. & Bonpl.]. – Bonplandia 8: Mart. und die nahe verwandten Arten [part 69 – 70. 2]. – Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 177 – 180. Wendland H. 1860: Bemerkungen über einige Wendland H. 1854: Index Palmarum, Cyclan­ Palmengattungen Amerika’s. [Ueber thearum, Pandanearum, Cycadearum, quae in R. & P. und die ihr zunächst stehenden Gat- hortis europaeis coluntur, synonymis gravi­ tung mit Einschluss von Wettinia Poepp. & oribus interpositis. – Hannoverae: in libraria Endl.]. – Bonplandia 8: 100 – 106. aulica Hahnii. Wendland H. 1860: Bemerkungen über einige Wendland H. 1856: Einige neue Palmen Ameri­ Palmengattungen Amerika’s. [Ueber Phyte­ ka’s. – 28: 333 – 352. lephas R. & P. – Bonplandia 8: 115 – 119. Index to scientific names 131

Index to scientific names This index contains all scientific name cited Areca (continued) in the main part of the text, from the Introduc- lutescens 57 tion to the Conclusion (pp. 9 – 77). Appendix 1 rubra 55 is arranged alphabetically and is therefore not sechellarum 53, 54 indexed here. Some names used by Martius, wendlandiana 76 Wendland and other contemporary authors, es- Arecaceae 21, 22, 25, 72, 73, 74 pecially for taxa above the rank of genus, have 72 an orthography that would not be correct today. Arecinae 21, 22, 74 In the main text they are cited with the spellings “Arecineae” 22 used by those authors, and in this index they are Arecoideae 21, 22 enclosed in quotation marks. Arenga 68 Asterogyne 27 Acanthophoenix 55, 56 martiana 35 crinita 55, 56 Astrocaryum rubra 55 “aureo-pictum” 53 Acanthorhiza 27 aureum 49 Acoelorrhaphe 27, 51, 75, 77 borsigianum 53 wrightii 50 mexicanum 14 Acrocomia rostratum 14 aculeata 49 tucuma 49 cubensis 49 68, 73 acaulis 49 calapparia 68 funifera 49 maripa 49 lindeniana 36, 37 Bactris 15, 21, 27, 35, 39, 40 Ananas caudata 40 comosus 12 confluens 39 Anthurium corozillo 39 scherzerianum 9, 13 cruegeriana 39, 49 Araceae 9 grandis 25, 40 Archontophoenix 73, 74, 77 leucantha 39 alexandrae 74 longepetiolata 40 var. schizanthera 74 longiseta 40 cunninghamiana 14, 70, 71, 74 major 49 veitchii 74 var. major 39 Areca 60, 73 maraja 39 sect. Arecella 73 obovata 40, 76 sect. Arecopsis 73 polystachya 40 sect. Balanocarpus 73 villosa 40 sect. Euareca 73 wendlandiana 76 banksii 14 60 borbonica 57 pauciflora 60 calapparia 68 seemannii 60, 65 catechu 72 tahitensis 60 crinita 55 Basellinia 63 dicksonii 57 Billbergia indica 57 viridiflora 9 132 Index to scientific names

Bismarckia 47, 48, 57, 58, 75, 77 21 nobilis 57, 59 Chamaedorea 13, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 75, 77 21 alternans 32 Borassinae 21 amabilis 33 “Borassineae” 22 arenbergiana 31 Borassus 21 bartlingiana 31 flabellifer 60 brachyclada 32 Brahea bracteata 32 filamentosa 42 brevifrons 31 Bromeliaceae 9, 14 cataractarum 27, 33, 36 dammeriana 33 vieillardii 63 desmoncoides 14, 27 Calameae 22, 74 elatior 14, 27, 33 21 ernesti-augusti 27, 29, 32 Calamus 22, 46, 72, 74 exorrhiza 33 subg. Calamus 46 fenestrata 33 subg. 46 fibrosa 31 subg. 46 flavovirens 31 subg. 46 fragrans 33 australis 74 geonomiformis 27, 28, 32, 33 caryotoides 74 glaucifolia 31 cuspidatus 46 graminifolia 31 deerratus 46 humilis 33 hookeri 46 kalbreyeriana 33 laevis 46, 47 karwinskyana 27 macrocarpus 46 klotzschiana 31 mannii 46 lechleriana 33 muelleri 72, 74 lepidota 27 var. macrospermus 74 liebmannii 27, 33 opacus 46 var. lepidota 33 radicalis 74 lindeniana 27, 36 secundiflorus 47 linearis 31, 36 subinermis 69 martiana 27 unifarius 67 microphylla 32 Calyptrogyne 27, 75 oblongata 32, 33 ghiesbreghtiana 35 paradoxa 32 “ghiesbrechtii” 16 pauciflora 33 Calyptronoma pavoniana 33 intermedia 24 pinnatifrons 31, 32, 33 plumeriana 24, 50 pochutlensis 27 Campecarpus 63 pumila 33 70, 73 pygmaea 27 macrospermum 72 resinifera 27 Caryota 68, 74 rigida 33 albertii 72, 74 ruizii 33 cumingii 14 sartorii 27, 32, 33 Caryotinae 74 scandens 33 Castilla var. bambusoides 33 elastica 42 var. desmoncoides 33 Catoblastus 27 stolonifera 16, 32 Index to scientific names 133

Chamaedorea (continued) (continued) tenella 32 elegans 63 tepejilote 33, 76 fulcita 63 variabilis 33 63 verschaffeltii 33 balansae 63 warscewiczii 32 Deckenia 55, 56, 75 wendlandiana 76 nobilis 55, 56, 57 wendlandii 76 Dictyocaryum 27, 75 Chamaephoenix 27 73, 75, 77 Chamaerops 51, 60, 67, 68 album hystrix 14, 50 var. album 24 ritchieana 68 furfuraceum 24 serrulata 50 paleaceum 25 Chamaethrinax 27 rubrum 24 “Chamedoriae” 52 Didymosperma 68 Chrysalidocarpus 57 Diglossophyllum 27, 50 lutescens 57 serrulatum 50 60, 73, 74 Diodosperma 27 sect. 73 Diosmeae 11 exorrhizum 60, 64, 76 57 mooreanum 74 lutescens 57 samoense 60 Elaeis 21 Eleutheropetalum 27, 32 argentea 49 sartorii crinita 50 var. confertum 33 miraguama Eremospatha var. miraguama 50 cuspidata 46 rigida 50 hookeri 46 “Cocoinae” 21, 22 macrocarpa 46 “Cocoineae” 21, 22, 72, 74 wendlandiana 76 Cocos 15, 21, 22, 72, 74 “Euarecineae” 22 nucifera 60, 63 “Euborassinae” 22 weddelliana 40, 41 “Eucocoineae” 22 21, 72 Coelococcus 60 utilis 76 vitiensis 60 wendlandiana 76 Colpothrinax “Euraphiae” 22 wrightii 50 Euterpe 16 Copernicia Exorrhiza glabrescens 50 wendlandiana 76 macroglossa 50 Gaussia 27, 49, 75 wrightii 50 attenuata 50 Corypha 51 ghiesbreghtii 50 Coryphinae 21 portoricensis 50 21 princeps 49 Cryosophila 27 Geonoma 13, 27, 35, 36, 39, 45, 75, 77 Cyclanthaceae 14 amabilis 39 63 bifurca 39 balansae 63 blanchetiana 39 Cyphophoenix 63 caespitosa 39 134 Index to scientific names

Geonoma (continued) Geonoma (continued) caudescens 39 undata congesta 36 subsp. edulis 36 cuneata 36 subsp. undata 35 subsp. cuneata 36, 38, 39 vaga 49 subsp. procumbens 36 versiformis 36 decurrens 39 weddelliana 39 densa 35 wendlandiana 76 deversa Gesneriaceae 9, 14 subsp. deversa 36 Glaziova edulis 36 elegantissima 40 elegans 39 Gnetophyta 46 ferruginea 36 Grisebachia 70, 74, 75 subsp. ferruginea 36, 39 belmoreana 70, 74 subsp. microspadix 36 forsteriana 70, 74 flaccida 36 70, 73, 74 ghiesbreghtiana 34, 35 canterburyana 72, 74 gracilis 36, 38 hoffmanniana 36 compacta 50 humilis 33 70 intermedia 50 belmoreana 70 interrupta forsteriana 70 subsp. magnifica 35 73, 74 lindeniana 35, 36 wendlandiana 74, 76 longivaginata 36 var. microcarpa 74 magnifica 35 Hyophorbe 54 martiana 35 subg. Gonophorbe 55 membranacea 36 amaricaulis 55 microspadix 36 indica 14, 55, 57 microstachys 39 lutescens 57 obovata 36 verschaffeltii 54, 55 orbignyana 36, 76 Hyospathe subsp. hoffmanniana 36 pubigera 49 subsp. orbignyana 35 wendlandiana 76 pauciflora 35, 39 Hyphaene 48 pinnatifrons argun 48 subsp. membranacea 36 benguelensis 48, 49 subsp. vaga 49 compressa 47 pohliana coriacea 48, 49, 57, 76 subsp. pohliana 39 guineensis 49 subsp. rubescens 39 macrosperma 49 subsp. trinervis 39 petersiana 48 subsp. weddelliana 39 turbinata 49 porteana 35 wendlandii 76 procumbens 36 pumila 35 remotiflora 67 riedeliana 36 Iriartella 27 rubescens 39 Jessenia spinescens 39 oligocarpa 49 trinervis 39 Kentia 70, 73, 74 Index to scientific names 135

Kentia (continued) Malortiea (continued) acuminata 74 gracilis 42, 43 elegans 63 intermedia 42 exorrhiza 60, 63, 64 koschnyana 42 fulcita 63 lacerata 42 vieillardii 63 latisecta 42 wendlandiana 76 simplex 42 speciosa 42 lobbiana 67 rostrata 67 plukenetii 49 Kunthia 33 saccifera 49 73, 74 Maranta australasicus 74 veitchii 68 Laccosperma Marantaceae 68 laeve 46 Martinezia 33 opacum 46 lindeniana 36, 37 Latania Mauritia 24 borbonica 42 flexuosa 49 setigera 49 pulchra 40 Mauritieae 22 Lepidocaryeae 72 Mauritiella 24, 27 Lepidocaryinae 21, 22, 72, 74 Maximiliana “Lepidocarynae” 22 caribaea 49 24 venatorum 24 Lepidococcus 24, 27 Medemia 47, 48, 58 aculeatus 24 abiadensis 48 armatus 24 argun 48 pumilus 24 Metroxylon 60 Lepidorrhachis 74 amicarum 63 vitiense 60, 61 morrisii 52, 53 Microkentia 63 Licuala 74 Moraceae 42 muelleri 72, 74 Morenia 27, 33 ramsayi 72 lindeniana 31, 36 73, 74 oblongata 27 monostachyos 74 var. conferta 27 74 Nannorrhops 51, 68 australis 12, 14, 18, 74 ritchieana 68, 69 chinensis 42 68, 73 humilis 74 pumila 68, 76 inermis 74 wendlandiana 76 leichhardtii 74 ramsayi 74 storckii 60, 66 Lodoicea maldivica 63 vanhoutteanum 55, 57 68, 73 Nipa 21 rupicola 68 Nipaceae 22 Lytocaryum 40 Nunnezharia 33 weddellianum 40 geonomiformis 28 Malortiea 27, 40, 41, 42 wendlandiana 76 136 Index to scientific names

Nunnezia 33 Ptychosperma (continued) Nypa 23 rupicola 68 Nypoideae 21, 23 seemannii 60, 65 Oenocarpus tahitense 60 bataua tenellum 67 var. oligocarpus 49 vitiense 60 Oncocalamus wendlandianum 76 mannii 46 Raphia 21, 46, 77 gaertneri 46 vanhoutteanum 55, 57 hookeri 46, 48 14, 36 longiflora 46, 48 Palmae mannii 76 “Heteroclitae” 21 palma-pinus Pandanaceae 14 subsp. palma-pinus 46 Phoenicophorium 53 textilis 46 borsigianum 18, 53, 54 welwitschii 46 sechellarum 53, 54 wendlandii 76 Pholidostachys 27 Raphieae 22 pulchra 39 Ravenea hildebrandtii 16 nenga 68 Regelia tenella 67 magnifica 53 veitchii 68, 69, 70 majestica 53 Plectocomia Reinhardtia 27, 40, 41, 42 assamica 14 elegans 41 mulleri 67 gracilis 42, 43 rigida 67 koschnyana 42 Podococcus 46 latisecta 42 barteri 46, 47 simplex 42 Porothrinax 27, 50 Rhapidophyllum 27, 51, 75 pumilio 50 hystrix 14, 50, 51 Prestoea Rhapis 67, 75 pubigera 49 excelsa 67, 68 Pritchardia 59, 60, 77 flabelliformis 16 filamentosa 42 humilis 67 filifera 42, 44 kwamwortsik 67 martiana 16 sirotsik 67 pacifica 59, 60, 62, 63 73, 77 pericularum 63 baueri 72 vuylstekeana 63, 67 sapida 14 Pseudophoenix 25, 27, 51, 52 57 sargentii 25, 51, 52 melanochaetes 57, 58 Ptychosperma 74 Rutaceae 25 capitis-yorkii 74 51 cunninghamianum 14, 70, 71 “Sabalineae” 74 elegans 70, 71, 74, 76 Saguerus 68, 74 filiferum 60 australasicus 74 pauciflorum 60 Sagus perbreve 60 amicarum 63 pickeringii 60 vitiensis 61 Index to scientific names 137

Saintpaulia Trachycarpus 67, 68, 77 ionantha 9 excelsus 68 Sargentia 25, 27, 52 var. fortunei 25 aricocca 25, 52 fortunei 25, 68 Saribus 68 khasyanus 68 46, 75 martianus 68 mannii 46, 47 Trithrinax 27 Seaforthia compacta 50 elegans 70, 71 Veitchia 60, 75, 77 Serenoa 27, 50 filifera 60 repens 51 joannis 16, 63 Stephanostachys spiralis 60 wendlandiana 76 storckii 60, 63, 66 Syagrus 39, 40 subglobosa 63 plumosa 14 vitiensis 60 romanzoffiana 14 Verschaffeltia 53, 57 weddelliana 40, 41 melanochaetes 57, 58 Synechanthus 27 princeps 53 fibrosus 30, 31 splendida 53, 54 Thrinax 27, 50, 53 Wallichia 68 acuminata 50 Washingtonia 27, 42, 75, 77 crinita 50 filifera 42, 44 fragilis 49 robusta 42 graminifolia 49 Welfia 27, 45 martii 50 georgii 45 morrisii 52 regia 45 radiata 14, 50, 76 Welwitschia rigida 50 mirabilis 46 wendlandiana 76 Welwitschiaceae 46 Tillandsia Wendlandiella 75, 76 erubescens 9 Wettinia 27 ionantha 9 Zamiaceae 14