Energiile Regenerabile Asociația Română Pentru Transfer Tehnologic Şi Inovare Adresa: Str

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Energiile Regenerabile Asociația Română Pentru Transfer Tehnologic Şi Inovare Adresa: Str UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ Innovation, Technology Transfer FONDUL EUROPEAN PENTRU DEZVOLTARE REGIONALĂ GUVERNUL ROMÂNIEI GUVERNUL BULGARIEI Energiile regenerabile Asociația Română pentru Transfer Tehnologic şi Inovare Adresa: Str. Ştefan cel Mare nr. 12, Craiova - instrument pentru prevenirea şi Persoană contact: Gabriel Vlăduţ combaterea schimbărilor climatice, Tel.:/Fax: +40-251-412290; +40-251-418882 E-mail: [email protected]; www.arott.ro creştere economică şi bunăstare socială Investim în viitorul tău! Programul de Cooperare Transfrontalieră România - Bulgaria 2007 - 2013 este cofinanţat de Uniunea Europeană prin Fondul European pentru Dezvoltare Regională Titlul proiectului: Energiile regenerabile - instrument pentru prevenirea şi combaterea schimbărilor climatice, creştere economică şi bunăstare socială Editorul materialului: ARoTT Data publicării: dd.09.2011 Conţinutul acestui material nu reprezintă în mod necesar poziţia oficială a Uniunii Europene www.cbcromaniabulgaria.eu Graniţe comune. Soluţii comune. STUDIU DE OPORTUNITATE PRIVIND CONSTRUIREA UNEI CENTRALE HIDROELECTRICE 2 Studiu de oportunitate privind construirea unei centrale hidroelectrice CUPRINS Capitolul I CADRUL POLITIC ................................................................................................ 7 I.1. Romania ........................................................................................... 8 I.1.1. Statut actual ............................................................................ 8 I.1.2. Resurse hidroenergetice .............................................................. 9 I.2. Bulgaria ...........................................................................................12 I.2.1. Stadiul actual ...........................................................................12 I.2.2. Resurse hidroenergetice .............................................................13 Capitolul II CONDITIA ECONOMICA SI SOCIALA A REGIUNILOR IMPLICATE IN STUDIU ..............................17 II.1. Regiunea de Sud-Vest a Romaniei ............................................................17 II.2. Regiunea de nord a Bulgariei .................................................................18 Capitolul III DESCRIEREA RAURILOR SI APELOR CURGATOARE IN ZONA DE STUDIU ................................21 III.1. Raurile din Dolj..................................................................................21 III.1.1. Jiu ........................................................................................21 III.2. Debitul raurilor din Montanat ................................................................24 III.2.1. Lom ......................................................................................24 III.2.2. Tsibritsa .................................................................................24 III.3. Raurile din Vraca ...............................................................................24 III.4. Raurile din Pleven ..............................................................................27 III.4.1. Iskar ......................................................................................27 III.4.2. Vit ........................................................................................29 III.4.3. Osam .....................................................................................31 Capitolul IV DESCRIEREA TEHNOLOGIILOR IN CONSTRUIREA CENTRALELOR HIDROELECTRICE ...................33 IV.1. Configurarea amplasamentului ...............................................................33 IV.1.1. Amenajarile pe cursul de apa ........................................................33 IV.1.2. Amenajari cu centrala energetica la baza barajului ............................35 IV.1.3. Amenajarile integrate in sistemul de extragere a apei .........................37 IV.2. Planificarea unei amenajari mici de hidrocentrala .......................................37 IV.3. Debitul apei in conducte ......................................................................39 IV.3.1. Debit tranzitoriu ......................................................................40 IV.3.2. Curgerea apei in canale deschise ..................................................42 IV.4. Debitul cursului de apa ........................................................................42 IV.4.1. Estimarea capacitatii centralei si cantitatea de energie .......................44 IV.5. Evaluarea amplasamentului ..................................................................46 IV.5.1. Cartografie ..............................................................................47 IV.5.2. Studii geochimice .....................................................................47 IV.6. Structura hidraulica ............................................................................50 IV.6.1. Baraj .....................................................................................50 IV.6.1.1. Baraj .........................................................................50 IV.6.1.2. Canalul deversor ............................................................52 IV.6.1.3. Amenajarea pentru disiparea de energie ...............................56 IV.6.2. Stavilarele ..............................................................................56 IV.7. Echipament electromecanic ..................................................................59 IV.7.1. Centrala energetica ...................................................................59 3 IV.7.2. Turbine hidraulice .....................................................................60 IV.7.2.1. Tipuri de configurare ......................................................60 IV.7.2.2. Turbine cu impuls ...........................................................61 IV.7.2.3. Turbinele cu reactie .....................................................63 IV.7.3. Generatoarele ..........................................................................67 IV.7.4. Controlul turbinei .....................................................................68 IV.7.4.1. Regulatoare de viteza ......................................................68 IV.7.5. Echipament de aparataj electric de conexiuni ...................................69 IV.7.6. Control automat .......................................................................70 IV.7.7. Echipament electric auxiliar .........................................................71 IV.7.7.1. Transformator pentru servicii interne ...................................71 IV.7.7.2. Control al furnizarii de energie DC .....................................71 IV.7.7.3. Inregistrari bief amonte si bief aval .....................................71 IV.7.7.4. Statie electrica de exterior ...............................................72 Capitolul V IMPACTUL ASUPRA MEDIULUI IN CONSTRUIREA CENTRALELOR HIDROELECTRICE ...................74 V.1. Acord .............................................................................................74 V.2. Impactul in timpul fazei de constructie ....................................................75 V.2.1. Rezervoarele............................................................................76 V.2.2. Priza de apa, canale deschise, stavilare, canale de evacuare .................76 V.3. Impactul rezultat din constructie ............................................................77 V.3.1. Impactul sonic .........................................................................77 V.3.2. Impactul asupra peisajului ..........................................................79 Capitolul VI ANALIZA ECONOMICA .........................................................................................80 Bibliografie ....................................................................................................83 Съдържание Глава I Политическа рамка.......................................................................................86 I.1. румъния ..........................................................................................87 I.1.1. актуално състояние ..................................................................87 I.1.2. Водноенергийни източници.........................................................88 I.2. България .........................................................................................91 I.2.1. актуално състояние ..................................................................91 I.2.2. Хидроенергийни ресурси ...........................................................92 Глава II социално-икономически услоВия В регионите, Включени В ПроучВането ..........96 II.1. югозападен регион на румъния ............................................................96 II.2. северен регион на България ................................................................98 Глава III оПисание на реките и Водните течения В зоната на ПроучВането ................... 101 4 Studiu de oportunitate privind construirea unei centrale hidroelectrice III.1. речни потоци в област долж .............................................................. 101 III.1.1. Жиу .................................................................................... 101 III.2. речни потоци в област монтана .......................................................... 104 III.2.1. лом .................................................................................... 104 III.2.2. цибрица ............................................................................... 104 III.3. речни потоци в област Враца .............................................................
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