Lesson 1 VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007 Geography and People 地理及人物 Dei Lei Kup Yan Mut In this lesson you will learn simple greetings and basic introductions in Cantonese. You will familiarize yourself with personal pronouns, Chinese names, and the basic geography of Hong Kong. PEOPLE 1. Listen to each name as it is spoken. 李安琪 黄品德 林心薇 吴大勇 Lee On-kee Wong Bun-tak Lum Sum-mei Ng Tai-yung 何家富 張小玉 梁爱茵 鄭国荣 Ho Kar-fu Chang Siu-yuk Leung Oi-yun Cheng Kwok-wing 20 2. Listen to these simple greetings and phrases. Hello, Hi 你好，哈囉, 喂!/喂? nei ho, ha lo, wai!/wai? Good morning 早晨 jo sun Good afternoon 午安 ngo on Good evening 晚安 maan on Good night 早唞 jo tau How are you? 你好嗎? nei ho ma? What’s up? 點呀? dim ah? Have you eaten yet? 食咗飯未呀？ sik jo fan mei? How are you lately? 你近來點呀? 最近點呀? nei gan loi dim aa? What a coincidence/to see you 乜ロ甘啱 吖? mat kam ngaam ah? Long time no see 好耐冇見 ho noi mo gin Fine, Very well 好，非常好 ho, fei sheung ho Very good 好好 ho ho Quite good 幾好 gei ho Not quite good 唔係幾好 ng hei gei ho Take care 保重，慢慢行 bo chung, man man haang See you tomorrow 聽日見 ting yat gin See you later 遲啲見, 一陣見 chi di gin, yat jun gin That’s it for now 係ロ甘先啦! hai kam sin la Talk to you later 第日再傾 dai yat joi ken Good-bye 再見，拜拜 joi gin, baai baai Thank you 多謝晒，唔該晒 do je saai, ngo goi saai Please… 唔該… ng goi… You’re welcome 唔駛客氣, ng sai haak hei 唔駛唔該 ng sai ng goi Sorry 對唔住 dui ng jiu Excuse me 唔好意思 ng ho yi si No way! 唔得! ng dak! Nice to meet you. 幸會, 幸會 hang wui, hang wui (usually repeated twice) 21 Sir, Mr. 先生 sin san Ma’am 女士 neui si Miss 小姐 siu je Mrs. 太太 tai tai What is your name? 你贵姓？ nei gwai sing? (formal) 你叫乜嘢名？ nei giu mat ye meng? (informal) I am… 我係… ngo hei… My name is… 我叫…, 我係… ngo giu…, ngo hei… Yes 係 hei No 唔係 ng hei • “Good afternoon” (午安 ngo on!) and “Good evening” (晚安 maan on) are more formal ways of greeting and are not commonly used. “Good morning”(早晨 jo sun), “Long time no see” (好耐冇見 ho noi mo gin) and “Good night” 早唞 jo tau) are more common in everyday usage. • “Have a nice day” (今日愉快 gum yat yu fei) is not commonly said at the end of greetings either. “Take care” (慢慢行 man man hang), literally means “to walk carefully/slowly”, “See you tomorrow” (聽日見 ting yat gin) and “See you later” (遲啲見 chi di gin,一陣見 yat jun gin) are more commonly used phrases. “Goodbye” in Cantonese is commonly “拜拜” (bai bai), adopted from the English ‘bye bye.’ • “喂” (wai) may be used to attract attention but is very informal, similar to “hey” in English. It is most commonly used when answering the telephone and is usually paired up with “搵邊位?” (won bin wai?), which literally means “who are you looking for?” 22 3. Listen to each short dialogue. In the morning 朝早 (jiu jo) Lee On-kee: Good morning! 李安琪:早晨! Jo sun! Wong Bun-tak: Good morning. 黄品德: 早晨! Jo sun! In the Afternoon 下晝 (ha jau) Lam Sum-mei: Good afternoon! 林心薇：午安 Ngo on Ng Tai-yung: Good afternoon. 吴大勇：午安 Ngo on Lam Sum-mei: How are you? 林心薇: 你好嗎？ Nei ho ma? Ng Tai-yung: Fine, thank you. And you? 吴大勇: 好，多謝。你呢？ Ho, do je. Nei lei? Lam Sum-mei: Very well. Take care! 林心薇: 好好。保重！ Ho ho. Bo chung. Ng Tai-yung: Likewise. 吴大勇: 大家ロ甘話。 Dai ga kam wa. In the Evening 夜晚 (ye man) Ho Kar-fu: Good evening, Miss Chang. 何家富: 晚安，张小姐。 Maan on, Chang siu je. Chang Siu-yuk: Good evening. 張小玉: 晚安。 Maan on. Ho Kar-fu: How are you， Miss Chang? 何家富: 你好嗎, 张小姐？ Nei ho ma, Chang siu je? Chang Siu-yuk: Fine, thank you. And you? 張小玉: 好，多謝。你呢？ Ho, do je. Nei lei? Ho Kar-fu: Fine. Good night. 何家富: 好。早唞。 Ho. Jo tau. Chang Siu-yuk: Good night，Mr. Ho. 張小玉: 早唞, 何生。 Jo tau, ho san. 23 Informal 平日 (ping yut) Leung Oi-yun: Hi, Mr. Cheng 梁爱茵: 哈囉! 鄭生。 Ha lo! Cheng san. Cheng Kwok-wing: Hi! 鄭国荣: 哈囉! Ha lo! Leung Oi-yun: How are you? 梁爱茵: 你好嗎？ Nei ho ma? Cheng Kwok-wing: Good. And you? 鄭国荣: 好。你呢？ Ho. Nei lei? Leung Oi-yun: Good! See you later. 梁爱茵: 好。一陣見。 Ho. Yat jan gin. Cheng Kwok-wing: Bye! 鄭国荣: 拜拜！ Bai bai! 4. Below is a list of names. Think about whether each might be a male or female and mark your guesses as M or F. Check your work in the answer key. M F 梁洪達 Leung Hung Tat M F 歐陽美華 Au Yeung Mei Wah M F 蔡少芬 Choi Siu Fun M F 曹廣榮 Tso Kwong Wing M F 謝興家 Tse Hing Ga M F 周麗貞 Chau Lei Jing M F 馮國祥 Fung Kwok Cheung M F 江小惠 Kong Siu Wai 24 Chinese Names • The family name is always placed first, followed by a one- or two-character given name. In many families, the middle character in a personal name is shared by all members of a generation (like between brothers or sisters) and is sometimes decided by the forefathers of earlier generations. • Chinese family names are often passed down through the fathers, but Chinese women always retain their family names even after marriage. Today, there are 3,050 Chinese surnames, but 87 percent of all Han Chinese use 100 or so common ones. Among them, Lee, Wang and Chang are the most common, given to about 250 million Chinese. • Within families, adults rarely refer to each other by their personal names. Adults generally use a family title such as big sister, second brother, etc. It is impertinent for a child to refer to parents by their given name and this taboo is extended to all adult relatives. • For non-family members, people are generally referred to by a title (for example Mother Lee or the Wife of Wong). Personal names are used when referring to adult friends or to children. • Nicknames are usually alternatives of the given names. Sometimes they are based on a person’s physical attributes or speaking style. • Many Chinese have Western names in addition to their Chinese names. It is a common practice for Hong Kong people to refer to each other by Western names. In writing, they use their Chinese names as the middle names. 5. First look at the map. Identify the different geographical areas, major features, and large cities within Hong Kong. 25 6. Now listen to the audio as the speaker reads through the list below. Three main areas of Hong Kong 香港主要地域 heung kong jui yiu dei wik: Hong Kong Island 香港島 heung kong dou Kowloon 九龍 gau lung The New Territories 新界 sun gaai Major areas of Hong Kong 香港主要地方 heung kong jui yiu dei fong: On Hong Kong Island: 喺香港島: joi heung kong dou Sheung Wan 上環 seung wan Central 中環 chung wan 26 Wan Chai 灣仔 wan chai Causeway Bay 銅鑼灣 tung lor wan Happy Valley 跑馬地 pau ma dei North Point 北角 bak gok Tai Koo 太古 tai ku Repulse Bay 淺水灣 chin seui wan Aberdeen 香港仔 heung kong chai Stanley 赤柱 chek chu In Kowloon: 喺九龍: joi gau lung Mong Kok 旺角 wong kok Kowloon City 九龍城 gau lung sing Yau Ma Tei 油麻地 yau ma dei Hung Hom 紅磡 hung hum Tsim Sha Tsui 尖沙咀 chim sa tsui In the New Territories 喺新界: joi sun gai Shatin 沙田 sa tin Tsuen Wan 荃灣 chuen wan Tuen Mun 屯門 tuen mun Tsing Yi 青衣 ching yee The Islands: 喺離島 lai dou: Lantau Island 大嶼山 dai yu san Lamma Island 南丫島 nam ah dou Cheung Chau 長洲 cheung chau Peng Chau 坪洲 ping chau 27 7. Answer the following questions by studying the map. Check your answers in the answer key. 1. What are the three main areas of Hong Kong? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. On which water passage is Hong Kong located? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Name the four main outlying islands of Hong Kong? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which country borders Hong Kong? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Where is the international airport located? ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Familiarize yourself with the personal pronouns. Listen to the audio and study the list below. I 我 ngo • In Cantonese, “he” and “she” are pronounced the same but they differ in written forms. The masculine form is used here. you 你 nei • “It” is referred to as “that thing” but is written differently. “牠” (tar) is he/she 佢 kui only used when referring to animals, while “它” (tar) is used for it 嗰隻 goh jek everything else. you (plural) 你哋 nei dei • For all plural forms, add “哋” (dei) after the singular pronoun. we 我哋 ngo dei they 佢哋 kui dei • For formal introduction, one would greet the other party and introduce his/her family name first, followed by the given name. Example：你好，我姓陳，名偉文。 (Nei ho, ngo sing chun, ming wai mun.) • At an informal meeting, “Hello, how are you? My name is…” (哈囉， 你好。我叫…) (Ha lo, nei ho, ngo giu . .) is more commonly used. • The formal way to ask for someone’s name is 您貴姓名? (Nei gwei sing ming?).