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An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(2): e20180499 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202020180499 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES A new species of Cosmocercoides Running title: NEW SPECIES OF Cosmocercoides IN Leptodactylus latrans (Nematoda; Cosmocercidae) and other helminths in Leptodactylus latrans (Anura; Academy Section: Health Sciences Leptodactylidae) from Argentina e20180499 REGINA DRAGHI, FABIANA B. DRAGO & LÍA I. LUNASCHI Abstract: Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. (Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of 92 (2) Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Northeastern Province of Buenos 92(2) Aires, Argentina is described. The new species can be distinguished from their congeners by a combination of the characters, among which stands out the number of rosette papillae, the lack of gubernaculum and the presence of lateral alae in both sexes. There are over 20 species in the genus Cosmocercoides, and Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. represents the third species from the Neotropical realm and the second for Argentina. Additionally, seven previously known taxa are reported; Pseudoacanthocephalus cf. lutzi, Catadiscus uruguayensis, Rauschiella palmipedis, Aplectana hylambatis, Cosmocerca parva, Schrankiana sp. and Rhabdias elegans; providing literature records and information on distribution and host-parasite relationships. Key words: helminths, Leptodactylus latrans, Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp., anura, Argentina. INTRODUCTION Venezuela, the savanna areas of Guyana, Brazil, northeastern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, Previous reports of endoparasites in Argentina, and Uruguay (Heyer et al. 2010). Being Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815) have been an opportunistic feeder, its diet is generalist summarized in checklists from South America and determined by the availability of prey in the (Campião et al. 2014, Fernandes & Kohn 2014) environment (Duellman & Trueb 1994). and Argentina (González & Hamann 2015). Among nematodes, is frequent to find These reports, mainly as isolated records of a specimens belonging to Cosmocercidae. taxonomic nature, include several species of Members of this family are parasites of the acanthocephalans, digeneans, cestodes and digestive tract of amphibians and reptiles. It nematodes parasitizing this large frog species. includes the Subfamily Cosmocercinae Railliet, The criolla frog, as it is commonly known, 1916 that contains 9 genera: Cosmocerca inhabits flooded fields and temporary or Diesing, 1861, Aplectana Railliet & Henry, permanent shallow ponds and is also common 1916, Oxysomatium Railliet & Henry, 1916, to fi nd in periurban places and crops. It is widely Cosmocercella Steiner, 1924, Raillietnema distributed in South America, being present Travassos, 1927, Oxyascaris Travassos, 1920, in Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, southern Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930 Paradollfusnema An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(2) REGINA DRAGHI, FABIANA B. DRAGO & LÍA I. LUNASCHI NEW SPECIES OF Cosmocercoides IN Leptodactylus latrans Baker, 1982 and Neocosmocercella Baker & and the range in parentheses. The values of Vaucher, 1983 (Bursey et al. 2011). prevalence, mean intensity and intensity of The genus Cosmocercoides includes infection were calculated following the criteria species that commonly parasitize amphibians given by Bush et al. (1997). and reptiles, but also occasionally occur in land For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), snails and slugs (Chen et al. 2018). The aims helminths were dehydrated in a series of of the present work are (1) to describe a new alcohols (70 °, 80 °, 90 °, 95 ° and 100 °), species of Cosmocercoides and (2) to increase dried by the critical point method (Baltec CP- the knowledge of the diversity of helminths 30), metallized with a gold-palladium bath parasites of the Criolla frog, L. latrans. (Metallizer: JEOL Finecoat ion spputer JFC1100) and then photographed with an Electronic Scanner Microscope Jeol® JSV 6063 LV from the MATERIALS AND METHODS La Plata Museum. Helminths were deposited in Fourty-eight L. latrans (15 females, 23 males, the Helminthological Collection of the Museo de 10 sexually undifferentiated) were captured by La Plata (MLP-He). active search at night using the visual encounter survey technique (REV) (Crump & Scott 1994) RESULTS between 2011 and 2012 in the surroundings of La Plata city, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Of the 48 frogs examined, 34 (71 %) were infected with authorization of the Dirección de Flora y with at least one parasite. Eight helminth taxa Fauna, M.A.A.BA (Exp n° 225500-11319/10). The (one acanthocephalan, two digeneans and five frogs were transported alive to the laboratory, nematodes) were found. then euthanized with an overdose of 20% benzocaine, and all organs were examined using Cosmocercidae (Raillet, 1916) Travassos, 1925 a Stemi 2000-C Zeiss stereoscope. Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. (Figs. 1-2) Helminths were fixed in 5% formalin and Type host: Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815), preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Trematodes Criolla Frog (Leptodactylidae). were stained with a 1:6 dilution in 96% Site of infection: small intestine. ethanol of hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated, Type locality: Establecimiento Santa Ana cleared in xilol and mounted in Canada (35°02’23, 2’’S; 57°48’58, 2’’W), Buenos Aires, balsam. Acanthocephalans and nematodes Argentina. were cleared in Aman’s lactophenol and Type material: Holotype MLP-He 7626; Allotype examined as temporary mounts. The systematic MLP-He 7627; Paratypes, MLP-He 7628, 7629. determination of the helminths was carried Voucher specimens: MLP-He 76230. out following specific keys (Yamaguti 1961, Prevalence, mean intensity and intensity of 1963, Petrochenko 1971a, b, Anderson et al. 1974, infection: 4% (2 of 48), 79.5 ± 35.7 (29-130), 159. Gibson et al. 2002, Jones et al. 2005, Bray et al. Etymology: The specific name refers to the 2008) and drawings were made with the aid specific name of the host where the specimens of a drawing tube. Measurements are given in were found. micrometres (μm) unless otherwise stated, as the mean followed by the standard deviation, An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(2) e20180499 2 | 14 REGINA DRAGHI, FABIANA B. DRAGO & LÍA I. LUNASCHI NEW SPECIES OF Cosmocercoides IN Leptodactylus latrans Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. a- Male anterior end. b- Male posterior end, ventrolateral view. c-Detail of the rosette papilla. Abbreviations: *= cephalic papilla; a= amphid; la= lateral alae; sp= somatic papilla; p= postcloacal papillae; rp= rosette papilla. Figure 2. Cosmocercoides latrans n. sp. a- Female, general view. b- Female anterior end, lateral view. c- Male posterior end, lateral view. d- Male, in face view. E- Male, posterior end, ventral view. Abbreviations: ap= adcloacal papilla; b= bulb; dl= dorsal lip; e= esophagus; ep= excretory pore; la= lateral alae; le= larvated egg; nr= nerve ring; p= pharynx; me= morulated egg; pcp= postcloacal caudal papillae; rp= rosette papilla; s= spicule; t=tail; up= unpaired papilla; v= vulva; vl= ventral lip. Scale bars: A= 600 μm; B= 241.5 μm; C =100 μm; D= 40 μm; E= 500 μm. An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(2) e20180499 3 | 14 REGINA DRAGHI, FABIANA B. DRAGO & LÍA I. LUNASCHI NEW SPECIES OF Cosmocercoides IN Leptodactylus latrans Description bulb width 106.5 ± 15.36 (78.54-142.8). Nerve ring General morphology: Small, stout nematodes. 150.13 ± 32.65 (95.2-265.65) and excretory pore Sexual dimorphism evident, males half-length 331.13 ± 45.54 (217.35-406.14) from anterior end. of females. Lateral alae present in both males Vulva 2 ± 0.35 (1.4-2.75 mm from anterior end; 50 and females, extending from the anterior % of body length from anterior end). Tail long esophageal region to the tail. Cuticle transversely and sharp 408.4 ± 61.26 (252.28-483) in length. striated, somatic papillae present. Mouth with Eggs, oval, thin-shelled and in different stages three prominent lips, dorsal lip with two sessile of development; eggs near vulva containing fully papillae, each ventrolateral lip with one ventral developed larvae 84.67 ± 6.66 (73.78-98.5) long sessile papilla and one lateral amphid. Shallow and 48.67 ± 8.14 (33.08-73.78) wide. mouth cavity, short pharynx, cylindrical corpus, Aplectana hylambatis (Baylis, 1927) Travassos, short isthmus and valved bulb present. Excretory 1931 (Fig. 3a, b, c) pore anterior to esophageal bulb. Male (holotype and 14 paratypes, 6 Site of infection: Small and large intestine. specimens studied by SEM): Length 2.17 ± 0.37 Prevalence, mean intensity and intensity of (1.48-2.68 mm); width at midbody 0.26± 0.06 infection: 4.2% (2 of 48), 7.5 ± 4.6 (1-14), 23. (0.19-0.37mm). Esophagus: pharynx 34.71 ± 3.82 Voucher specimens: MLP-He 7631. (28.56-45.22) by 23.23 ± 6 (16.6-43), corpus 284.24 Other reported hosts and geographic range ± 26.6 (250-338), isthmus 43.6 ± 6.9 (35.7-59.5), in South America: Aplectana hylambatis is a bulb length 74.37 ± 6.17 (59.5-83.3), bulb width generalist species that parasitizes a wide range 81.78 ± 9.12 (66.64-102.34). Nerve ring 148.38 ± 17.87 of amphibian hosts. In the Neotropical region, (119-192.78) and excretory pore 290.35 ± 40.72 has been observed in different countries (Peru, (230.86-347.76) from anterior end. Tail 284.93 Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil) and anuran families, ± 46.23 (178.5-364.14) long, tapering to sharp for example, Bufonidae, Ceratophrydae, Hylidae, point. Spicules robust,
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    HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL 17: 141–148, 2007 Ecology of Lysapsus limellum in the Brazilian Amazon river basin Adrian Antonio Garda1, Gabriel Correa Costa1, Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues França2 & Daniel Oliveira Mesquita2 1Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA 2Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil Lysapsus currently comprises three species distributed east of the Andes, from Guyana to northern Argentina. Lysapsus limellum occurs along the Amazon and Paraná river basins in ponds associated with river floodplains. We analyse geographic distribution, diet, reproduction, habitat use and diel activity of L. limellum from several populations in the Brazilian Amazon. Wide floodplains and open areas are common features of habitats of L. limellum, and populations are found either in savanna fragments or in floodplains along the Amazon river and its major tributaries. In savanna fragments of Humaitá, Amazonas, L. limellum is active during day and night and prefers areas with floating vegetation only. Frogs are active and prone to move during the day but remain motionless and call more at night. Most important diet items were dipterans, hemipterans/homopterans and odonates, underscoring the generalist behaviour of the species and its particular preference for dipterans. Females were significantly larger than males, but females and males were not different in shape. Neither number nor volume of eggs was related to female snout–urostyle length (SUL), while testis volume was significantly related to male SUL. In summary, L. limellum is a widely distributed small aquatic frog with a generalist diet that inhabits ponds in open floodplains.
  • Infection Patterns of the Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis, on Anuran Assemblages in Agro-Ecosystems from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

    Infection Patterns of the Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis, on Anuran Assemblages in Agro-Ecosystems from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Cadernos Espinosanos (E-Journal) Phyllomedusa 14(2):113–126, 2015 © 2015 Universidade de São Paulo - ESALQ ISSN 1519-1397 (print) / ISSN 2316-9079 (online) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v14i2p113-126 Infection patterns of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, on anuran assemblages in agro-ecosystems from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina M. Gabriela Agostini1 and Patricia A. Burrowes2 1 Grupo de Estudios sobre Biodiversidad en Agroecosistemas, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Pabellón II Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: gabrielaagostini18@ gmail.com. 2 Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P. O. Box 23360, San Juan, Puerto Rico. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Infection patterns of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, on anuran assemblages in agro-ecosystems from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is linked to extinctions and declines of amphibians. Additionally, in the context of amphibian decline, the habitat loss related to agricultural landscapes is likely the single most important human activity affecting lowland amphibian populations. To assess the impact of anthropogenic land use on anuran response to Bd, infection patterns in several ponds from cultivated (CA) and uncultivated areas (UCA) were studied. Four anuran species (Rhinella fernandezae [Bufonidae]; juvenile and adult of Leptodactylus latrans [Leptodactylidae]; and the hylids Hypsiboas pulchellus and Pseudis minuta) were monitored and tissue samples were collected for Bd species tested positive for Bd, but anurans inhabiting the UCA were twice more likely to in the UCA, suggesting that vulnerability to Bd is associated with land use in agro- ecosystems.
  • Peptidomic Analysis of Skin Secretions of the Caribbean

    Peptidomic Analysis of Skin Secretions of the Caribbean

    antibiotics Article Peptidomic Analysis of Skin Secretions of the Caribbean Frogs Leptodactylus insularum and Leptodactylus nesiotus (Leptodactylidae) Identifies an Ocellatin with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity Gervonne Barran 1, Jolanta Kolodziejek 2, Laurent Coquet 3 ,Jérôme Leprince 4 , Thierry Jouenne 3 , Norbert Nowotny 2,5 , J. Michael Conlon 6,* and Milena Mechkarska 1,* 1 Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago; [email protected] 2 Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (N.N.) 3 CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France; [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (T.J.) 4 Inserm U1239, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France; [email protected] 5 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Helathcare City, P.O. Box 505055, Dubai, UAE 6 Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.M.C.); [email protected] (M.M.) Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 20 October 2020 Abstract: Ocellatins are peptides produced in the skins of frogs belonging to the genus Leptodactylus that generally display weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria only.
  • Predation Attempt of Trachycephalus Mesophaeus (Hylidae) by Leptodactylus Cf

    Predation Attempt of Trachycephalus Mesophaeus (Hylidae) by Leptodactylus Cf

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235349918 Predation attempt of Trachycephalus mesophaeus (Hylidae) by Leptodactylus cf. latrans (Leptodactylidae) Article in Herpetology Notes · May 2012 CITATIONS READS 8 100 4 authors, including: Caio V. Mira-Mendes Danilo Silva Ruas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz 41 PUBLICATIONS 155 CITATIONS 24 PUBLICATIONS 109 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Mirco Solé Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz 191 PUBLICATIONS 1,721 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Diet of anurans from southern Bahia, Brazil View project Searching for the enigmatic Bahia Lime Treefrog (Sphaenorhynchus bromelicola), an endemic and little-known bromeliad-dwelling frog species from Bahia, Brazil View project All content following this page was uploaded by Mirco Solé on 30 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Herpetology Notes, volume 5: 163-164 (2012) (published online on 24 May 2012) Predation attempt of Trachycephalus mesophaeus (Hylidae) by Leptodactylus cf. latrans (Leptodactylidae) Caio Vinicius de Mira Mendes, Danilo Silva Ruas and Mirco Solé* The genus Trachycephalus (Tschudi, 1938) is Leptodactylus cf. latrans is widely distributed in distributed from the lowlands of Mexico to northern South America, having been reported from Paraguay, Argentina (Frost, 2011). One of the defensive Argentina, Uruguay and the entire territory of strategies reported for the genus is the secretion of Brazil (Frost, 2011). It is one of the largest species viscous and sticky mucus containing toxic substances in the genus, mainly inhabiting margins of ponds that are considered extremely irritating to mucous and rivers and frequently found in disturbed areas.