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Learning to Resolve Alliance Dilemmas in Many-Player Zero-Sum Games Edward Hughes Thomas W
Research Paper AAMAS 2020, May 9–13, Auckland, New Zealand Learning to Resolve Alliance Dilemmas in Many-Player Zero-Sum Games Edward Hughes Thomas W. Anthony Tom Eccles DeepMind DeepMind DeepMind [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Joel Z. Leibo David Balduzzi Yoram Bachrach DeepMind DeepMind DeepMind [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Zero-sum games have long guided artificial intelligence research, Minimax foundations. Zero-sum two-player games have long since they possess both a rich strategy space of best-responses been a yardstick for progress in artificial intelligence (AI). Ever and a clear evaluation metric. What’s more, competition is a vital since the Minimax theorem [25, 81, 86], researchers has striven for mechanism in many real-world multi-agent systems capable of human-level play in grand challenge games with combinatorial generating intelligent innovations: Darwinian evolution, the market complexity. Recent years have seen progress in games with in- economy and the AlphaZero algorithm, to name a few. In two-player creasingly many states: both perfect information (e.g. backgammon zero-sum games, the challenge is usually viewed as finding Nash [79], checkers [66], chess, [15], Hex [1] and Go [73]) and imperfect equilibrium strategies, safeguarding against exploitation regardless information (e.g. Poker [53] and Starcraft [85]). of the opponent. While this captures the intricacies of chess or Go, The Minimax theorem [81] states that every finite zero-sum two- it avoids the notion of cooperation with co-players, a hallmark of player game has an optimal mixed strategy. -
Langston University
MINUTES of the BOARD OF REGENTS for the OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL & MECHANICAL COLLEGES for the June 19, 2020 Special Board Meeting INDEX FOR THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS FOR THE OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES June 19, 2020 I. Items Pertaining to the Board of Regents for the Oklahoma A&M Colleges - Of Interest to All the Colleges Page Approval of Order of Business 1 Approval of minutes of the Regular Board Meeting held April 24, 2020 1 Approval of Special Board Meeting on May 19, 2020 1 Announcement of next Board meeting 2 Approval of future Board meeting 2 Recognition of Chairman Tucker Link 2 Attachments to this portion of the minutes 3-12 Academic Affairs, Policy and Personnel Committee Report 184 Audit, Risk Management and Compliance Review Committee Report 184 Fiscal Affairs and Plant Facilities Committee Report 184 Planning and Budgets Committee Report 184-185 Approval to make an exception to Board Policy 2.07, Uniform and Integrated Purchasing and Contracting 185 Approval to continue the employment of OSU and A&M Presidents 186 Approval to renew Master Services contract for as-needed internal audit consulting services 186 Election of Board Officers for FY 2021 187 Report by General Counsel 187 Adjournment 187 Attachment to this portion of the minutes 188 Signature Page 189 17 II. Business With the Colleges Page OKLAHOMA PANHANDLE STATE UNIVERSITY Opening Comments by President Faltyn 13 Adoption of Memorial Resolutions for Mary Ellen Riley & Patricia Tinch 13 Adoption of Retirement Resolutions for Benny Dain, Nels Peterson, & Sara Jane Richter 13 Approval of personnel actions 13 Approval of an Associate of Science-Career Technical Education Program 13-14 Approval of OPSU’s FY 2021 Budgets 14-15 Approval to enter into an agreement with Graduation Alliance 15 Approval to enter into a Law Enforcement Services Agreement with the Town of Goodwell, pending final review by Legal Counsel 15 Approval of purchase orders for FY 2021 16 OPSU Agenda 17-56 June 19, 2020 II. -
Automatic Generation of Text for Match Recaps Using Esport Caster Commentaries
AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF TEXT FOR MATCH RECAPS USING ESPORT CASTER COMMENTARIES Oluseyi Olarewaju1, Athanasios V. Kokkinakis1, Simon Demediuk2, Justus Roberstson1, Isabelle Nölle1, Sagarika Patra1, Daniel Slawson1, Alan P. Chitayat1, Alistair Coates1, Ben Kirman2, Anders Drachen2, Marian Ursu2, Florian Block2 and Jonathan Hook2 1Weavr, Arena Research Cluster (ARC), University of York, York, UK 2DC Labs, Arena Research Cluster (ARC), University of York, York, UK ABSTRACT Unlike traditional physical sports, Esport games are played using wholly digital platforms. As a consequence, there exists rich data (in-game, audio and video) about the events that take place in matches. These data offer viable linguistic resources for generating comprehensible text descriptions of matches, which could, be used as the basis of novel text-based spectator experiences. We present a study that investigates if users perceive text generated by the NLG system as an accurate recap of highlight moments. We also explore how the text generated supported viewer understanding of highlight moments in two scenarios: i) text as an alternative way to spectate a match, instead of viewing the main broadcast; and ii) text as an additional information resource to be consumed while viewing the main broadcast. Our study provided insights on the implications of the presentation strategies for use of text in recapping highlight moments to Dota 2 spectators. KEYWORDS Esport, Data-Driven Storytelling, Dota 2, Game Analytics, Broadcasting, social viewing, Linguistic Resources, Natural Language Generation. 1. INTRODUCTION Advances in Natural language generation (NLG) and data-to-text tools have found relative success outside esport (e.g. weather forecasting, robojournalism, traditional sport summaries and fantasy football). -
Ďalej Iba DAC Strana 8 Mal Taký Ciťák, Že by Nám to Mohlo Vyjsť,“ Futbalisti Dunajskej Stredy Vyhrali V Zápase 1
www.nike.sk Piatok SUPERŠANCA 28. 8. 2020 1X2 74. ročník • číslo 201 42064 Lyon – Dijon 1,35 5,65 9,70 cena 0,90 42059 pre predplatiteľov 0,70 Ostrava – České Budějovice 1,58 4,50 6,15 42065 Zaglebie Lubin – Warta Poznaň 1,64 3,80 5,80 42274 KV Oostende – Anderlecht 3,75 3,75 2,01 42292 HNK Gorica – HNK Šibenik 1,45 4,55 7,15 42295 Beroe Stara Zagora – Botev Vraca 1,43 4,50 7,00 42294 Vorwärts Steyr – Bruck/Leitha 1,26 6,30 8,15 42260 N. Djokovič – R. Bautista Agut 1,20 5,70 App Store pre iPad a iPhone / Google Play pre Android Sagan opäť na „zelenej“ ceste?! Strana 26 V sobotu sa začína Tour de France, náš cyklista so snahou vyhrať ôsmy raz bodovaciu súťaž Špeciálna príloha pred Tour de France 2020 Strana 10 Škvarka pri senzácii Víťazstvo Ferencvárosu Budapešť 2:1 v Glasgowe nad miestnym Celticom je najväčšia senzácia 2. predkola Ligy majstrov. Zásluhu na nej má aj Michal Škvarka, ktorý nastúpil v drese hostí v závere zápasu. „Pred duelom som Ďalej iba DAC Strana 8 mal taký ciťák, že by nám to mohlo vyjsť,“ Futbalisti Dunajskej Stredy vyhrali v zápase 1. predkola Európskej POZOR! vraví slovenský ligy na ihrisku islandského Hafnarfjörduru 2:0. O prvý a zároveň rozhodujúci gól sa postaral Andrija stredopoliar. Balič (vľavo). So súťažou sa naopak lúčia Žilina i Ružomberok. K tímu zo Žitného ostrova sa však UŽ DNES v 2. predkole pridá Slovan Bratislava. FOTO FRADI.HU FOTO KRISZTIÁN NAGY, Hafnarfjördur Slovenské kluby FH HAFNARFJÖRDUR 0 THE NEW SAINTS 3 SERVETTE ŽENEVA 3 v Európskej lige Strana 8 DUN. -
There Are No Women and They All Play Mercy
"There Are No Women and They All Play Mercy": Understanding and Explaining (the Lack of) Women’s Presence in Esports and Competitive Gaming Maria Ruotsalainen University of Jyväskylä Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies Pl 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland +358406469488 [email protected] Usva Friman University of Turku Digital Culture P.O.Box 124 FI-28101 Pori, Finland [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore women’s participation in esports and competitive gaming. We will analyze two different types of research material: online questionnaire responses by women explaining their reluctance to participate in esports, and online forum discussions regarding women’s participation in competitive Overwatch. We will examine the ways in which women’s participation – its conditions, limits and possibilities – are constructed in the discussions concerning women gamers, how women are negotiating their participation in their own words, and in what ways gender may affect these processes. Our findings support those made in previous studies concerning esports and competitive gaming as fields dominated by toxic meritocracy and hegemonic (geek) masculinity, and based on our analysis, women’s room for participation in competitive gaming is still extremely limited, both in terms of presence and ways of participation. Keywords Gender, esports, hegemonic geek masculinity, toxic meritocracy, Overwatch INTRODUCTION "Why do the female humans always play the female characters?" Acayri wondered soon thereafter. "Like, they're always playing Mercy." "They can't play games and be good at them —" Joel responded. "That's true, so they just pick the hottest girl characters," Acayri said. The previous is an excerpt of an article published on a digital media site Mic on May 11th 2017 (Mulkerin, 2017). -
Atlanta Officials Make Major Move to Define the Region As Esports Capital
Media Contact: Erin Shearer Atlanta Sports Council 404.723.0016 [email protected] ATLANTA OFFICIALS MAKE MAJOR MOVE TO DEFINE THE REGION AS ESPORTS CAPITAL The Atlanta Sports Council launches Atlanta Esports Alliance™ to further position metro Atlanta as the capital of esports ATLANTA (November 14, 2019) – Today, the Atlanta Sports Council (ASC) announced the launch of the Atlanta Esports Alliance, its new division committed to bringing major esports and gaming events to metro Atlanta. The announcement Was made just ahead of DreamHack Atlanta, a three-day gaming experience featuring esports competitions, live music, exhibitions and more. Because Atlanta is the No. 1 city for gaming environment and No. 5 city for gamers, the Atlanta Esports Alliance is being launched to drive neW opportunities for teams, tournaments, venues and esports service providers and partners in Atlanta. Atlanta is home to three franchised city-based esports teams: the Atlanta Reign (Overwatch), Hawks Talon (NBA 2K) and the Atlanta FaZe (Call of Duty). With 150 gaming studios throughout the state of Georgia, the region is also the headquarters of esports game developers Hi-Rez Studios and Blue Mammoth, global leader in customized gaming controllers Scuf Gaming and professional esports league ELEAGUE. “Our goal is to continue being forward thinking,” said Dan Corso, president of the Atlanta Sports Council. “As We look ahead to the next decade, esports is going to continue to dominate the sports industry, and it was important for us as an organization to cement Atlanta as the capital of esports and use this platform as yet another economic driver.” A division of the Metro Atlanta Chamber (MAC), ASC facilitates the growth and development of sports in metro Atlanta by serving as a recruiter for major regional, national and international sports events. -
Call of Duty® World League, Presented by Playstation®4, Makes Seattle Debut April 20-22
Call of Duty® World League, Presented by PlayStation®4, Makes Seattle Debut April 20-22 April 20, 2018 Over 120 Teams from Around the World Head to the Pacific Northwest to Take Part in Call of Duty World League’s Record Setting $4.2 Million Season Prize Purse SANTA MONICA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Apr. 20, 2018-- The Call of Duty® World League, Presented by PlayStation®4, brings competitive Call of Duty®: WWII action to Seattle for the first time this week, as over 120 Call of Duty esports teams are set to compete April 20-22, 2018. Squads from around the world will square-off for their shot at glory and prizing during this record setting season of the CWL and its $4.2 million overall season-long prize purse. The action begins today and culminates with the event championship on Sunday, with $200,000 in event pool prizing up for grabs at the CenturyLink Field Event Center. This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180420005609/en/ "The Call of Duty World League is excited to bring our record setting season to Seattle for the first time, allowing spectators to witness the best teams from around the world go head to head in Call of Duty: WWII. Participation in the CWL has never been higher and with so many skilled teams expected to be in attendance, we anticipate fierce competition as they inch closer to earning a spot at the 2018 CWL Championship this summer. Visiting new regions can introduce us to new players, so we’re excited to see what competitors from the Pacific Northwest can bring to the CenturyLink Field Event Center this weekend," said Call of Duty Esports Director, Kevin Flynn. -
Sonja Kareranta Thesis.Pdf (1.892Mb)
Enriching the Experience: Content Analysis on the Twitter Usage of Professional Esports Athletes Sonja Kareranta MA Thesis English, Language Specialist School of Languages and Translation Studies Faculty of Humanities University of Turku May 2021 Turun yliopiston laatujärjestelmän mukaisesti tämän julkaisun alkuperäisyys on tarkastettu TurnitIn OriginaIityCheck -järjestelmällä. The originality of this thesis has been checked in accordance with the University of Turku quality assurance system using the Turnitin OriginalityCheck service. UNIVERSITY OF TURKU School of Languages and Translation Studies / Faculty of Humanities KARERANTA, SONJA: Enriching the Experience: Content Analysis on the Twitter Usage of Professional Esports Athletes MA Thesis, 93 p., 59 app. English, Language Specialist May 2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The thesis studied the Twitter usage of 50 professional esports athletes by means of a content analysis of the 19-21 tweets on the athletes' Twitter frontpages, 1014 tweets in total. The athletes’ tweets were categorised into a primary category as well as a secondary and tertiary category, when applicable. The research questions were: 1. How do the most followed esports athletes employ Twitter in terms of the main properties in their tweets? 2. In addition to the main property, what additional features do the athletes’ tweets contain? 3. What are the differences and similarities in the emphases of the athletes’ tweets’ main properties and additional features, when examined by game of the athlete? The results showed that the category that the tweets were annotated most frequently into in the primary categorisation was INFORMATION SHARING, indicating that the athletes’ tweets’ main property was most often to share information on topics related to esports. -
ANNEXURE A: Sanction Outcomes Findings As at 28 September 2020
ANNEXURE A: Sanction Outcomes Findings as at 28 September 2020 # Concessions Net ban Total rounds # Coach Sanction Tier Team Enemy Team Tournament Date Map Round Start Round End Match Link Video Link cases applied (%) (months) triggered iGame.com Tricked Europe Minor Closed Qualifier - PGL Major Krakow 2017 19-Jul-2017 Nuke 0 - 0 22 - 25 47 Match Link Video Link 1 Twista 2 Tier 1 12.50% 15.75 iGame.com Spirit Academy Hellcase Cup 6 6-Sep-2017 Nuke 18 - 18 20 - 22 6 Match Link Video Link maquinas Ambush ESEA Season 32 Advanced Playoffs 14-Nov-2019 Mirage 0 - 0 16 - 7 23 Match Link Video Link 2 casle 2 Tier 2 0 10 maquinas North WESG 2019 North Europe Closed Qualifier 27-Nov-2019 Overpass 4 - 9 16 - 19 22 Match Link Video Link Furious Gaming Latingamers La Liga Pro Trust 2019 - Apertura 25-Aug-2019 Mirage 0 - 0 0 - 1 1 Match Link Video Link 3 dinamito 2 Tier 2 0 10 Furious Gaming Sinisters Aorus League 2019 #3 Southern Cone 6-Sep-2019 Inferno 0 - 0 11 - 16 27 Match Link Video Link 4 ArnoZ1K4 1 Tier 2 0 10 Evidence Reapers Dell Gaming Liga Pro Season 1 - #4 APR/19 12-Apr-2019 Train 0 - 0 16 - 10 26 Match Link Video Link Tricked pro100 LOOT.BET Cup 2 - cs_summit 2 Qualifier 13-Dec-2017 Mirage 0 - 0 11 - 7 18 Match Link Video Link Tricked EURONICS United Masters League 21-Nov-2018 Dust2 0 - 0 4 - 2 6 Match Link Video Link Tricked LDLC United Masters League 28-Nov-2018 Mirage 0 - 0 16 - 12 28 Match Link Video Link Tier 1 5 Rejin 7 45% 19.8 Tricked HAVU Kalashnikov CUP 29-Nov-2018 Train 0 - 0 10 - 15 25 Aggravated Match Link Video Link Tricked -
Esports Yearbook 2017/18
Julia Hiltscher and Tobias M. Scholz eSports Yearbook 2017/18 ESPORTS YEARBOOK Editors: Julia Hiltscher and Tobias M. Scholz Layout: Tobias M. Scholz Cover Photo: Adela Sznajder, ESL Copyright © 2019 by the Authors of the Articles or Pictures. ISBN: to be announced Production and Publishing House: Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt. Printed in Germany 2019 www.esportsyearbook.com eSports Yearbook 2017/18 Editors: Julia Hiltscher and Tobias M. Scholz Contributors: Sean Carton, Ruth S. Contreras-Espinosa, Pedro Álvaro Pereira Correia, Joseph Franco, Bruno Duarte Abreu Freitas, Simon Gries, Simone Ho, Matthew Jungsuk Howard, Joost Koot, Samuel Korpimies, Rick M. Menasce, Jana Möglich, René Treur, Geert Verhoeff Content The Road Ahead: 7 Understanding eSports for Planning the Future By Julia Hiltscher and Tobias M. Scholz eSports and the Olympic Movement: 9 A Short Analysis of the IOC Esports Forum By Simon Gries eSports Governance and Its Failures 20 By Joost Koot In Hushed Voices: Censorship and Corporate Power 28 in Professional League of Legends 2010-2017 By Matthew Jungsuk Howard eSports is a Sport, but One-Sided Training 44 Overshadows its Benefits for Body, Mind and Society By Julia Hiltscher The Benefits and Risks of Sponsoring eSports: 49 A Brief Literature Review By Bruno Duarte Abreu Freitas, Ruth S. Contreras-Espinosa and Pedro Álvaro Pereira Correia - 5 - Sponsorships in eSports 58 By Samuel Korpimies Nationalism in a Virtual World: 74 A League of Legends Case Study By Simone Ho Professionalization of eSports Broadcasts 97 The Mediatization of DreamHack Counter-Strike Tournaments By Geert Verhoeff From Zero to Hero, René Treurs eSports Journey. -
Understanding Professional Gaming
STOCKHOLM SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION MSC IN BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS MASTER’S THESIS Understanding professional gaming A comparative analysis of Korean and Western organisations Kristofer Lindahl (40216) and Cedric Diserens (40218) 10/12/2012 Supervisor : Johan Berglund Examiner : Dag Björkegren Abstract In this thesis we seek to explore how “Professional Gaming Teams” in Korea and the western world are different from each other, and the underlying reasons for those differences. We perform an extensive pre-study that provides a deeper understanding of the eSport environment, identify theoretical frameworks to explain the differences between teams, and apply these frameworks to explain how the external environment affects the internal culture of the teams. In order to do this, we conduct critical interviews with game developers, tournament organizers, and team managers. We combine these sources with podcasts, news articles, and other types of media produced by the very active eSport community to create a foundational understanding of a market that has received next to no attention in academic circles. We employ McKinsey’s 7s framework to show how the internal workings of Professional Gaming Teams in Korea are different from those in the west. We also utilize PESTLE model, as well as Porter’s Five Forces to analyze the external environment of the eSport market. These three models provide a holistic approach and a broad understanding of forces that were, until recently, unexplored in the eSport industry. The results of our thesis show that it is external influences that cause Korean and Western teams to focus on different dimensions of their organizations. -
Esports Spectatorship in Australia
Networked Society Institute Esports Spectatorship in Australia Research Paper Esports Spectatorship in Australia Networked Society Institute Research Paper September 2018 Martin Gibbs, Marcus Carter, David Cumming, Robbie Fordyce, and Emma Witkowski Contact Martin Gibbs – [email protected] ISBN 978-0-7340-5327-5 Licence Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike – creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Cover Image Adobe Stock Image Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the support for this project provided by the Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne. We would also like to thank Naomi Robinson for assistance with the research. We would also like to thank David Saliba and Mia Consalvo for input and suggestions at the begin of the project. We would also like to thank Kate Murray and Adam Lodders and the Networked Society Institute for their support in producing this report. Esports Spectatorship in Australia 2 Networked Society Institute, University of Melbourne Executive summary Esports – the organised, professional and spectated play of competitive digital games – has evolved into a massive global industry in the past decade. Boasting significant market value and broad global audience reach, esports is driven by modern highspeed internet infrastructure and live-streaming platforms like Twitch.tv. However, esports has yet to take hold as an industry in Australia, largely due to geographical isolation from major esports regions compounded by Australia’s traditionally lacklustre network infrastructure. Although the esports industry relies on various revenue streams, sponsorship and advertising deals provide the industry’s main source of funding. Teams, tournaments and esports organisations of various sizes are sponsored by major international companies like Intel, Samsung and Mercedes-Benz.