William Blake
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Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in the Four Zoas
Colby Quarterly Volume 19 Issue 4 December Article 3 December 1983 Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in The Four Zoas Michael Ackland Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Library Quarterly, Volume 19, no.4, December 1983, p.173-189 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Ackland: Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in The Four Zoas Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in The Four Zoas by MICHAEL ACKLAND RIZEN is at once one of Blake's most easily recognizable characters U and one of his most elusive. Pictured often as a grey, stern, hover ing eminence, his wide-outspread arms suggest oppression, stultifica tion, and limitation. He is the cruel, jealous patriarch of this world, the Nobodaddy-boogey man-god evoked to quieten the child, to still the rabble, to repress the questing intellect. At other times in Blake's evolv ing mythology he is an inferior demiurge, responsible for this botched and fallen creation. In political terms, he can project the repressive, warmongering spirit of Pitt's England, or the collective forces of social tyranny. More fundamentally, he is a personal attribute: nobody's daddy because everyone creates him. As one possible derivation of his name suggests, he is "your horizon," or those impulses in each of us which, through their falsely assumed authority, limit all man's other capabilities. Yet Urizen can, at times, earn our grudging admiration. -
The Symbol of Christ in the Poetry of William Blake
The symbol of Christ in the poetry of William Blake Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Nemanic, Gerald, 1941- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 18:11:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317898 THE SYMBOL OF CHRIST IN THE POETRY OF WILLIAM BLAKE Gerald Carl Neman!e A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the 3 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1965 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the. Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL. BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: TABLE OF COITENTS INTRODUCTION. -
William Blake 1 William Blake
William Blake 1 William Blake William Blake William Blake in a portrait by Thomas Phillips (1807) Born 28 November 1757 London, England Died 12 August 1827 (aged 69) London, England Occupation Poet, painter, printmaker Genres Visionary, poetry Literary Romanticism movement Notable work(s) Songs of Innocence and of Experience, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, The Four Zoas, Jerusalem, Milton a Poem, And did those feet in ancient time Spouse(s) Catherine Blake (1782–1827) Signature William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. His prophetic poetry has been said to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language".[1] His visual artistry led one contemporary art critic to proclaim him "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced".[2] In 2002, Blake was placed at number 38 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.[3] Although he lived in London his entire life except for three years spent in Felpham[4] he produced a diverse and symbolically rich corpus, which embraced the imagination as "the body of God",[5] or "Human existence itself".[6] Considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, Blake is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings William Blake 2 and poetry have been characterised as part of the Romantic movement and "Pre-Romantic",[7] for its large appearance in the 18th century. -
Poems of John Donne
1/ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA ENDOWED BY THE DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES PR22U5 .A5 C5 1901, v. 2 UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 10001490423 This book is due at the LOUIS R. WILSON LIBRARY on the last date stamped under "Date Due." If not on hold it may be renewed by bringing it to the library. DATE DS. T DATE DUE RET DUE KL1 '1 fit o n tHGf ..1. _ r\ *C\ n \j n f 1 All -"\ a« »/*V JAN23 9! 1 1 7QQ2 ArK V) r POEMS OF JOHN DONNE. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/poemsofjohndonne02donn_0 POEMS .tf** C 6~ OF )*0 I JOHN DONNE^ E. K. CHAMBERS. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY GEORGE S AINTSBURY. NEW EDITION. VOL. II. LONDON: NEW YORK: A. H. BTJLLEN, CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 18 Cecil Court, W.C. i53~7 Fifth Avenue. xgoj^ 1901. Richard Clay &,Sons, Limited, London & Bungay. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. PAGE Table of Contents ... vii Letters to Several Personages— To Mr. Christopher Brooke : The Storm I „ „ „ The Calm 4 To Sir Henry Wotton ... 7 To Sir Henry Goodyere 10 To Mr. Rowland Woodward .. ... 12 To Sir Henry Wotton 14 To the Countess of Bedford 15 To the Countess of Bedford 17 To Sir Edward Herbert. 20 To the Countess of Bedford 22 To the Countess of Bedford, on New Year's Day 26 To the Countess of Huntingdon ... ... 29 To M[r] Ifzaak] W[alton] ... 32 To M[r] T. W 33 To M[r] T. -
The Prophetic Books of William Blake : Milton
W. BLAKE'S MILTON TED I3Y A. G.B.RUSSELL and E.R.D. MACLAGAN J MILTON UNIFORM WirH THIS BOOK The Prophetic Books of W. Blake JERUSALEM Edited by E. R. D. Maclagan and A. G. B. Russell 6s. net : THE PROPHETIC BOOKS OF WILLIAM BLAKE MILTON Edited by E. R. D. MACLAGAN and A. G. B. RUSSELL LONDON A. H. BULLEN 47, GREAT RUSSELL STREET 1907 CHISWICK PRESS : CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. INTRODUCTION. WHEN, in a letter to his friend George Cumberland, written just a year before his departure to Felpham, Blake lightly mentions that he had passed " nearly twenty years in ups and downs " since his first embarkation upon " the ocean of business," he is simply referring to the anxiety with which he had been continually harassed in regard to the means of life. He gives no hint of the terrible mental conflict with which his life was at that time darkened. It was more actually then a question of the exist- ence of his body than of the state of his soul. It is not until several years later that he permits us to realize the full significance of this sombre period in the process of his spiritual development. The new burst of intelle6tual vision, accompanying his visit to the Truchsessian Pi6lure Gallery in 1804, when all the joy and enthusiasm which had inspired the creations of his youth once more returned to him, gave him courage for the first time to face the past and to refledl upon the course of his deadly struggle with " that spe6lrous fiend " who had formerly waged war upon his imagination. -
David Punter, Ed., William Blake: Selected Poetry and Prose
REVIEW Stanley Kunitz, ed., The Essential Blake; Michael Mason, ed., William Blake; David Punter, ed., William Blake: Selected Poetry and Prose E. B. Murray Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 24, Issue 4, Spring 1991, pp. 145-153 Spring 1991 BLAKE/AN ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY Not so the Oxford Authors and Rout- As we know, and contrary to Mason's ledge Blakes. They do have some pre- implications, Blake felt his illumina- REVIEWS tensions and they may not be tions an integral part of his composite altogether harmless. Michael Mason is art, going so far as to applaud himself initially concerned with telling us what (in the third person) for having in- he does not do in his edition. He does vented "a method of Printing which Stanley Kunitz, ed. The Es not include An Island in the Moon, The combines the Painter and Poet" and, in sential Blake. New York: Book of Ahania, or The FourZoas. He an earlier self-evaluation, he bluntly The Ecco Press, 1987. 92 does not follow a chronological order asserts, through a persona, that those pp. $5.00 paper; Michael in presenting Blake's texts; he does not (pace Mason) who will not accept and Mason, ed. William Blake. provide deleted or alternative read- pay highly for the illuminated writings ings; he does not provide the illumina- he projected "will be ignorant fools Oxford: Oxford University tions or describe them; he does not and will not deserve to live." Ipse dixit. Press, 1988. xxvi + 601 pp. summarize the content of Blake's works The poet/artist is typically seconded $45.00 cloth/$15.95 paper; nor does he explicate Blake's mythol- by his twentieth-century editors, who, David Punter, ed. -
Blake's Mythic System
TEMENOS ACADEMY ONLINE PAPERS SUMMER TERM 2020 1 WILLIAM BLAKE’S MYTHIC SYSTEM By DR SUSANNE SKLAR William Blake The Four Zoas (from Milton: A Poem) William Blake’s Mythic System Four Zoas – Four Emanations Los & Enitharmon Imagination Urizen & Ahania Reason Luvah & Vala Feeling Function Tharmas & Enion Basic Needs Four States of Being Ulro Generation Beulah Eden/Eternity Copyright © Susanne Sklar Temenos Academy, May 2020 1 William Blake’s Mythic System William Blake’s mythic system is designed to change the way we think and see, to lead us into a world where imagination and ferocious forgiveness are social structuring principles. Featuring Zoas, Emanations, and different states of being, Blake’s system evolved throughout his working life. This paper outlines the basic features of that system, as well as some sources influencing key concepts in his prophetic vision. Blake’s mythic system evolved between 1789 and 1820. In those 31 years, he created 13 illuminated books (S1)1, and a manuscript called Vala, or the Four Zoas (FZ). He never engraved that text, but his subsequent books – Milton (1804), and Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion (1804-21) - assume that you know it, that you know about Blake’s characters and locations. Blake’s system is most fully formed in Jerusalem (J), his masterpiece, which, Blake tells us, was dictated to him by Jesus (S2). In its first scene he announces his purpose and he prays: I rest not from my great task! To open the Eternal Worlds, to open the immortal Eyes Of Man inwards into the Worlds of Thought, into Eternity Ever expanding in the Bosom of God, the Human Imagination. -
An Appendix on Criticism of Donne's Writings
An Appendix on Criticism of Donne's Writings I RESPONSES BEFORE THE TWENTIETH CENTURY The fullest accessible collection of such responses is A. J. Smith's volume John Donne: The Critical Heritage (1975). A slighter selection may be found in F. Kermode (ed.) Discussions of John Donne (Boston, 1962). The 'Elegies on the Authors Death' printed with Miles Flesher's Poems by J.D. (1633) and reprinted by H. Grierson in Donne's Poetical Works (1912) provide an interesting illustration of the 'image' of Donne by the time of his death. R. Granqvist's The Reputation of John Donne 1779-1873 is a useful discussion of the reception of Donne's work in the nineteenth century. Such items allow a reader to chart movemen~s in Donne's reputation from the seventeenth century to the end of the nine teenth. They also provide insights into what aspects of Donne's work were of most interest and thereby illustrate both features of taste in earlier centuries and some of the ways in which texts are conditional rather than transcendental. Finally, taken together, such items subvert the once-common view that Donne was essen tially re-invented by the twentieth century, which is not to deny that Donne in our time is a rather different figure from the Donnes of earlier periods. II. DISCUSSIONS OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY Some useful material is to be found in Kermode' s Discussions (above) and in J. Lovelock (ed.) Donne: Songs and Sonets (Casebook series, 1973). Two documents are particularly important in the history of Donne criticism: Grierson's introduction to his edition of the poems (above) and T. -
Essays in Divinity
i -.^ Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2007 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcli ive.org/details/essaysindivinityOOdonnricli ' ESSAYS IN DIVINITY BY JOHN I)OT!r.;f^;l!,D.D,'?- • »<• »» *••'••» ' ' '. SOME TIME HyBXS 'OF- ?jT.. I»AUlV.- > ^ OF THR ^^;-^. UNIVERSITY EDITED BY JUGUSTUS JESSOFF, M.J. or ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. L O ND ON: John Tupling, 320 Strand, 1855. T:)6 • :/: '.- fS3-^/0 10 him^ who with his wide knowledge is always able, and in his generous kindliness is always willing, to help and encourage his less-experienced fellow-labourers in the fields of English Literature, PHILIP BLISS, D. C.L. PRINCIPAL OF ST. MAEY'S HALL, OXFOKD, this Edition of Donne's Essays is respectfully dedicated, by AUGUSTUS JESSOPP. ,85330 tf ^ ^ OF THK ' r IX I UNIVERSITY ^^LCALiFOBjj^ SOME NOTICE OF THE AUTHOR AND HIS WRITINGS. JOHN DONNE, the writer of .the Essays contained in this volume, lived in an age more fruitful in great men and stirring events than the world has perhaps ever seen, from the times of Pericles to the days of Queen Victoria. He was born in 1573—the year after the massacre of St. Bartholomew; he died m 1631, the year after the battle of Liitzen. where Gustavus Adolphus fell. In his childhood Camoens fetched his last sigh in Portugal,— the poet who had laid the only firm foundation for his country^s literature, condemned to die in penury, hardly finding for his very corpse its last garment—a shroud. In his boyhood. Sir Philip Sidney wrote the Ar- cadia, and he was still in his teens when that gaUant hero put away the cup of water from his own parched lips to slake the thirst of the bleeding trooper lying by his side. -
Appendix: a Brief Review of Scholarship
Appendix: A Brief Review of Scholarship The main subjects of the preceding pages—Donne’s Songs and Sonnets , the mechanisms and repercussions of evolution, the fields of Biology and Cognition it led to, and an allied science of Love—are not always easy to understand. I have tried to be comprehensible and to share my contagious interests; my success can only be judged by my readers. Fortunately for all of us, though, some admirably lucid com- mentators have turned their attentions to explaining Donne, Darwin, and desire, and this guide is presented with the aim of clearing up confusions and prompting further inquiry (full citations are found in the Works Cited.) There are extensive—better said, excessive —bodies of scholarship on every minute subtopic touched on here, enough to make the most diehard Holmesian investigator or grad student despair. Mountains of material have been published on, well, everything, down to gold and alchemy, gossip, particular metaphorical schema such as Donne’s compasses, and so forth. No claims for systematic inclusiveness are advanced here. More specifically, let me note that the previous chap- ters have (relatively) few citations to the history of science, to overhasty first-generation efforts at sociobiological literary criticism, and to the masses of twentieth-century work on Donne’s poems, though many of those pieces are topnotch and sometimes stand, at one remove, behind interpretations that are generally accepted today. Donne criticism may be said to have reached its full-blown matu- rity, and now occupies several shelves in most well-stocked university libraries. To boil it down to a single paragraph: the two most influen- tial opponents of Metaphysical verse were John Dryden and Samuel Johnson. -
Time, Death, and Mutability : a Study of Themes in Some Poetry of The
TIME, DEATH, and MUTABILITY: A Study of Themes in Some Poetry of the Renaissance - Spenser, Shakespeare, and Donne Jean Miriam Gerber B.A., Pennsylvania State University, 1961 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFUHE3T OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of English Jean Miriam Gerber, 1968 Simon Fraser University J~Y,1968 EXA XINIMG COK4ITTEX APPROVAL (name) Senior Supervisor \ ( name) Examining Cormittoe " - ( name ) Examining Conunittee PARTTAL COPYRIGIIT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Sttldies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/~issertation: Author: (signature ) (name ) (date) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank Mr. Clark Cook for his many suggestions and close attention. Special thanks are also due to Mr. James Sandison who read this study in manuscript. Above all I wish to thank Dr. F. B. Candelaria, who supervised the thesis. ABSTRACT This study was undertaken in order to exanine some examples of Renaissance poe+zy in the light of the themes of love, death, time, and mutability. -
By William Blake
Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works ftÄx VtàtÄÉzâxá Éy UÄt~x:á jÉÜ~á 1791-2013 A Catalogue Somewhat Raisonné By Toronto Spring 2013 1 Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works \Ç [ÉÅtzx àÉ `tÜà|Ç UâàÄ|Ç 2 Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works Table of Contents Dedication to Martin Butlin 2 Table of Illustrations 4 Introduction 5 Abbreviations and Symbols 7 Catalogues Number 1791-1799 8 9 1800-1809 21 12 1810-1819 29 20 1820-1829 28 29 1830-1839 31 41 1840-1849 21 53 1850-1859 28 62 1860-1869 28 84 1870-1879 25 102 1880-1889 45 113 1890-1899 69 139 1900-1909 77 166 1910-1919 114 193 1920-1929 125 230 1930-1939 92 277 1940-1949 63 319 1950-1959 59 345 1960-1969 50 360 1970-1979 110 371 1980-1989 67 402 1990-1999 64 423 2000-2009 34 445 2010-2013 15 461 1,023 3 Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works Table of Illustrations Illus. 1 Image of Francis Harvey's shop at 4 St James Street from A General Catalogue of Rare and Valuable Engraved Portraits On Sale by Francis Harvey (n.d.). Illus. 2 "??", from "William Blake's Original Sketch Book" reproduced in the catalogue of Stan V. Henkels, 21 November 1921, Lot 15. The sketch book "is probably the most important Blake item offered for sale in this country", with 50 original sketches by William Blake, together with "quite a number" by George Richmond; "all of Blake's sketches have that weird, mystical technique, which has never been even imitated by anybody since his death"; "the most skeptical would hesitate to pass an adverse opinion of them".