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Cambridge University Press 0521853060 - Strabo’s Cultural Geography: The Making of a Kolossourgia Edited by Daniela Dueck, Hugh Lindsay and Sarah Pothecary Index More information Index of geographical names g. = gulf; is. = island; l. = lake; mt. = mountain; s. = sea Acarnania is. 95, 97 Anti-Lebanon 241 Ace (Acre) 253 Antioch 148 Achaea 146, 147, 153, 158, 160, 162, 176, 178 Antitaurus 210 Achaeans 124, 125 Apamea 205 Acherusian marsh 78 Apollonia 10, 11, 17 Acrocorinthus 153-4 Aquitania 168, 169, 177 Actium 67, 130, 149, 195, 197, 198 Arabia 92, 95, 245, 251, 257 Adriatic s. 173, 176 Arabian s. 36 Aea 229 Arabs 245 Aega 99 Arcadia 136, 152, 153, 154 Aegean is. 131 Argaeus mt. 210, 212 Aegean s. 145 Argos 10, 99 Aegina is. 94, 98 Aria 52 Aequi 126 Arians 49 Aetna mt. 78 Arimaspians 229 Africa see also Libya 221 Armenia 180, 193, 195, 198, 200-3, 205, 210, 214 Ahmed Serai 192 Armenians 203, 245 Ainali-Maghara 188 Ascalon 254 Alabanda 12, 129 Ashdodites 256-7 Albania 224 Asia see Asia Minor Alexandria 2, 41, 92, 106, 108, 116, 117, 132, 137, Asia Minor 44, 46, 59, 73, 79, 92, 99, 100, 122, 125, 139, 148, 208, 238, 254 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140-1, 142, 143, Alpes Maritimae 169-70, 173, 178 151, 155, 158, 159, 175, 177, 180, 185, 198, 199, Alps 92, 169-70, 171, 173, 178 202, 203, 204, 209, 214, 218, 219, 220, 221, Alps, Pontic 180 223, 225 Amanus r. 210 Asphalt l. see also Dead Sea 239, 241, 242, 243, Amasia 1, 58, 69, 82, 131, 141, 180-99, 224 244, 245 Amastris 192 Aspurgiani 198, 227 Amasya see Amasia Asteeis r. -
'Temple States' of Pontus: Comana Pontica and Zela A
‘TEMPLE STATES’ OF PONTUS: COMANA PONTICA AND ZELA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EM İNE SÖKMEN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY APRIL 2005 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Numan Tuna Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Asist. Prof. Dr .Deniz Burcu Erciyas Supervisor Examining Committee Members (first name belongs to the chairperson of the jury and the second name belongs to supervisor) Prof. Dr. Suna Güven (METU,AH) Asist. Prof. Dr. Deniz Burcu Erciyas (METU, SA) Asist. Prof. Dr. Jan Krzysztof Bertram (METU, SA) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Emine Sökmen Signature : iii ABSTRACT ‘TEMPLE STATES’ OF PONTUS: COMANA PONTICA AND ZELA Sökmen, Emine M.S., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Asist. Prof. Dr. Deniz Burcu Erciyas April 2005, 68 pages Before the Roman rule in Asia Minor, under the Hellenistic kings, small communities lived independently within areas surrounding temples with local powers. -
Andrea F. Gatzke, Mithridates VI Eupator and Persian Kingship
The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME THIRTY-THREE: 2019 NUMBERS 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson ò Michael Fronda òDavid Hollander Timothy Howe ò John Vanderspoel Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller òAlex McAuley Catalina Balmacedaò Charlotte Dunn ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 33 (2019) Numbers 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume thirty-three Numbers 1-2 1 Kathryn Waterfield, Penteconters and the Fleet of Polycrates 19 John Hyland, The Aftermath of Aigospotamoi and the Decline of Spartan Naval Power 42 W. P. Richardson, Dual Leadership in the League of Corinth and Antipater’s Phantom Hegemony 60 Andrea F. Gatzke, Mithridates VI Eupator and Persian Kingship NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Mannhiem), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley and Charlotte Dunn. AHB promotes scholarly discussion in Ancient History and ancillary fields (such as epigraphy, papyrology, and numismatics) by publishing articles and notes on any aspect of the ancient world from the Near East to Late Antiquity. -
Heinrich Iii. Von Riedenburg Burggraf Von Regensburg
Ein Genealogiereport für HEINRICH III. VON RIEDENBURG BURGGRAF VON REGENSBURG Erstellt am 18. Juni 2013 "The Complete Genealogy Reporter" © 2006-2011 Nigel Bufton Software under license to MyHeritage.com Family Tree Builder INHALT 1. DIE VÄTERLICHEN VORFAHREN 2. DIE MÜTTERLICHEN VORFAHREN 3. DIREKTE VERWANDTE 4. VERZEICHNIS 1. DIE VÄTERLICHEN VORFAHREN Pabos Graf von Kühbach an der Paar25 Pabo I. Burggraf von Regensburg18 Rabold I. von Ebersberg Markgraf von Kärnten53 ...(1) Adalbero I. von Ebersberg37 Engelmunt von Ebersberg54 Willibirg der Paar [von Ebersberg]26 Graf Peiere55 Liutgard von Ebersberg [von Dillingen]38 Luitgard Peiere [von Dillingen]56 ...(2) Ruprecht Burggraf von Regensburg13 Herr Ulrich57 Meginhard I. im Traungau39 Ulrich I. von Schweinachgau27 Mathilde von Regensburg [von Schweinachgau]19 Luitpold Markgraf von der Ostmark58 ...(3) Berthold Herzog von Bayern40 Kunigunde von der Ostmark [von Schwaben]59 ...(4) Kunigunde von Schweinachgau [von Bayern]28 Heinrich von Babenberg60 ...(5) Biletrud von Bayern [von Babenberg]41 NN von Babenberg [im Sualafeld]61 ...(6) Heinrich I. Burggraf von Regensburg8 Luitpold Markgraf von der Ostmark58 ...(7) Arnulf I. der Böse von Bayern42 Kunigunde von der Ostmark [von Schwaben]59 ...(8) Berchtold I. Markgraf im bayerischen Nordgau29 Eberhard marquis de Frioul62 ...(9) Judith Gräfin von Ostfranken43 Gisela de Frioul [de France]63 ...(10) Heinrich I. von Schweinfurt Markgraf im Nordgau21 Lothar I von Walbeck48 Lothar II. Graf von Walbeck33 Eilike Nordgau [von Walbeck]30 Bruno von Arneburg49 Mathilde von Walbeck [von Arneburg]34 Frau von Arneburg [Frederuna]50 ...(11) N. (Lutiana?) von Regensburg [von Schweinfurt]14 Gebhardt II. Herzog von Lothringen64 ...(12) Udo I. Graf in der Wetterau und Herzog im Elsaß44 Ita von Lothringen65 Heribert I. -
Making History Personal: Constantine Cavafy and the Rise of Rome
Frier, “Making History Personal,” page 1 Making History Personal: Constantine Cavafy and the Rise of Rome by Bruce W. Frier1 Toward the end of his life, Constantine Cavafy observed: “I have two capacities: to write Poetry or to write History. I haven’t written History, and it’s too late now. Now, you’ll say, how do I know that I could write History? I feel it.”2 How should one understand this remark? Did Cavafy ever actually regret a path not taken? Such a thought is, quite frankly, hard to credit. Still, a very large proportion of Cavafy’s surviving poems are set against an historical backdrop, above all the history of the ancient Greek diaspora: the numerous historic city-states of Greece, Magna Graecia, Asia Minor; the sophisti- cated metropoleis of Alexandria and Antioch, and the Levant; and the Hellenized kingdoms and provinces of a later age. Almost a sixth of his poems center on one particular epoch of their his- tory: the confrontation between the independent Hellenistic kingdoms and the rising might of the Roman Republic, a confrontation that began in earnest in 200 BCE with the outbreak of the Second Macedonian War and ended in 30 BCE with the annexation of Ptolemaic Egypt.3 The 45 or so poems in question were written across the entire span of Cavafy’s adulthood, from 1893 to 1932. This is a subject to which he often returned, one he constantly reworked and re-imagined, exploring diverse angles and unexpected points of approach. Substantial reading was involved: chiefly Polybius, Plutarch, and Cassius Dio among ancient authors, but also works of secondary 1 I am happy to acknowledge my deep obligation to many of my colleagues, first and foremost to the faculty of the Michigan Modern Greek program Vassilios Lambropoulos (who originally suggested this project) and Artemis Leontis; then also to my colleagues Traianos Gagos, Elaine Gazda, David Potter, and Ruth Scodel, and to Beau Case, our departmental Field Librarian, for his help in tracking down books. -
Hwang Umd 0117E 15489.Pdf (965.1Kb)
ABSTRACT Title of Document: EMPOWERING IMAGES: NEGOTIATING THE IDENTITY OF AUTHORITY THROUGH MATERIAL CULTURE IN THE HELLENISTIC EAST, 140-38 BCE HyoSil Suzy Hwang, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed By: Professor Marjorie S. Venit, Department of Art History and Archaeology During the late-second to first century BCE, Tigranes II the Great of Armenia (140-55 BCE), Antiochos I Theos of Commagene (ca. 86-38 BCE), and Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontus (134-63 BCE) employed multivalent imagery to legitimize their positions and assert their authority amid the changing political landscape of the Hellenistic East. Each king’s visual program shaped and reflected the political dynamics of his reign, the mixed cultural identity of his population, and the threats posed by foreign powers. As the kings negotiated their positions within an environment rife with military conflict and in territories composed of multi-ethnic populations, they created nuanced visual programs that layered ties to multiple historic precedents and religious authorities. Each king’s program intended to communicate differently to diverse audiences – both foreign and domestic – while simultaneously asserting the king’s position as the ruler of a powerful and unified realm. This dissertation considers the rulers’ creation and dissemination of such imagery, revealing new dimensions of ruling ideologies and visual culture in the Late Hellenistic East. EMPOWERING IMAGES: NEGOTIATING THE IDENTITY OF AUTHORITY THROUGH MATERIAL CULTURE IN THE HELLENISTIC EAST, 140-38 BCE By HyoSil Suzy Hwang Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2014 Advisory Committee: Professor Marjorie S. -
The Local Impact of the Koinon in Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Chingyuan Wu University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Chingyuan Wu University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Wu, Chingyuan, "The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3204. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3204 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3204 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Abstract This dissertation studies the effects that a “koinon” in the Roman period could have on its constituent communities. The tudys traces the formation process of the koinon in Roman coastal Paphlagonia, called “the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus,” and its ability to affect local customs and norms through an assortment of epigraphic, literary, numismatic and archaeological sources. The er sults of the study include new readings of inscriptions, new proposals on the interpretation of the epigraphic record, and assessments on how they inform and change our opinion regarding the history and the regional significance of the coastal Paphlagonian koinon. This study finds that the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus in coastal Paphlagonia was a dynamic organisation whose membership and activities defined by the eparchic administrative boundary of the Augustan settlement and the juridical definition of the Pontic identity in the eparchic sense. The necessary process that forced the periodic selection of municipal peers to attain koinon leadership status not only created a socially distinct category of “koinon” elite but also elevated the koinon to extraordinary status based on consensus in the eparchia. -
Pontus to the Time of Mithridates V Euergetes
CHAPTER ONE PONTUS TO THE TIME OF MITHRIDATES V EUERGETES Pontus emerges as an independent kingdom in the first half of the third century. Its existence before that, and the ancestry of its kings are matters of great uncertainty, as the sources are few and distorted by the prop aganda of later kings. Towards the end of the third century Mithridates II claimed to be a descendant of one of the seven Persians who slew the Pseudo-Smerdis, and to have maintained the dynasteia given to his ancestors as a reward by Darius (Pol. 5.43.2). We hear of this claim to go back to one of the seven Persians in other sources, but we cannot verify it. 1 Even grander ancestry is asserted: the line is traced back to Cyrus, Darius, Seleucus I, Alexander the Great. 2 Meyer showed that this was all propaganda: ancient and noble lineage was invented, especially in the time of Mithridates Eupator, to give added respectability and nobility to the ruling family. 3 Not only was the ancestry fictitious, but Pontus did not exist as a kingdom in Persian times. When Diodorus describes the fourth century members of the family as "kings", he is either an ticipating the establishment of the kingdom or perhaps referring in exag gerated terms to the dynasty of the Mithridatids in Cius. 4 It is in this dynasty that the traceable origins of the family lie. Diodorus follows part of it clearly through Ariobarzanes (362-337), Mithridates (337-302), and another Mithridates (302-266). 5 The earliest we can go back appears to be the Mithridates who was succeeded by the famous satrap of Phrygia, Ariobarzanes (Diod. -
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TALANTA XXXII-XXXIII (2000-2001) BOSPORUS ON THE VERGE OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA (OUTLINES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT) Sergei Saprykin Generally it was believed that the Bosporan Kingdom suffered a deep social and economic crisis starting in the late 2nd-early 1st century BC. This became much worse after its incorporation into the Pontic Kingdom in the reign of Mithridates VI Eupator in ca. 110-107 BC, and continued until the second half of the 1st century AD. Apparently, the crisis came to an end with the establishment of a local Sarmatian dynasty at Panticapaeum. There is much archaeological evidence on which this conclusion can be based, as well as evidence from the ancient authors. They testify to the devastation and destruction of sites in both the European and Asiatic Bosporus. The ruination of some buildings in cities such as Myrmekion and Panticapaeum was also identified. The time span for the destruction was estimated to be late 2nd century BC-1st century AD, which encompasses all the events con - nected with Mithridatic rule of the Bosporus, the fight of Pharnaces I for his ancestral domain, the struggle between Asander and Mithridates of Pergamum, the rule of Polemo I of Pontus there, his struggle with the Aspurgians, the coming to power of Aspurgus, and the conflict of Mithridates VIII (III of Bosporus) with Rome. Thereafter, as the popular interpretation has it, something of a revival took place in the political, eco - nomic and social life of the Bosporus thanks to Sarmatian influence in all spheres of Bosporan society. This interpretation was long dominant; some still follow it (Gaidukevich 1949, 320-84; cf. -
Mithridates VI Eupator: Victim Or Aggressor?
Mithridates VI Eupator: Victim or Aggressor? Brian C. McGing Once he gets down to the events leading immediately to the First Mithridatic War, Appianos, often regarded as a not very good historian, presents a con- sistently coherent interpretation of events.1 After initially acquiescing in the restoration of Ariobarzanes to Kappadokia, Mithridates expels him again, and Nikomedes from Bithynia. Manius Aquillius restores them, and when Niko- medes is forced by the Romans into a plundering raid of Pontos, he meets no opposition as Mithridates wanted “many and just complaints for war” (Mith. 11). Pelopidas, aware that the Roman officers wanted to start a war, pretended otherwise, to acquire “more, and more fitting, reasons for the coming war” (Mith. 13). He tells the Romans that Mithridates was not weak or unprepared to defend himself. The Bithynians agree. Mithridates, they maintained, had been plotting against Nikomedes for a long time; he expelled Nikomedes, whom you Romans confirmed on the throne, a move designed more against you than against us; he pays no heed to your orders, such as your ban on Asian kings entering Europe (his annexation of the Chersonese demonstrates that). Furthermore just look at his massive preparations, they urge: Thrace, Scythia, Armenia as allies, the Ptolemies and Seleukids being courted too, and a huge fleet. Against whom is this all designed? Not against us, but against you Romans. He is angry with you about Phrygia and Kappadokia, and he is afraid of your growing power. Such was the Bithynian case. After yet another Pontic invasion of Kappadokia, Pelopidas presents the Roman envoys with a summary of Mithridates’ complaints, coupled with a threatening inventory of Pontic military strength, and an offer to send the whole dispute to Rome for arbitration. -
Marina Gavryushkina UC Berkeley Art History 2013
Gavryushkina 1 The Persian Alexander: The Numismatic Portraiture of the Pontic Dynasty Marina Gavryushkina UC Berkeley Art History 2013 Abstract: Hellenistic coinage is a popular topic in art historical research as it is an invaluable resource of information about the political relationship between Greek rulers and their subjects. However, most scholars have focused on the wealthier and more famous dynasties of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. Thus, there have been considerably fewer studies done on the artistic styles of the coins of the smaller outlying Hellenistic kingdoms. This paper analyzes the numismatic portraiture of the kings of Pontus, a peripheral kingdom located in northern Anatolia along the shores of the Black Sea. In order to evaluate the degree of similarity or difference in the Pontic kings’ modes of representation in relation to the traditional royal Hellenistic style, their coinage is compared to the numismatic depictions of Alexander the Great of Macedon. A careful art historical analysis reveals that Pontic portrait styles correlate with the individual political motivations and historical circumstances of each king. Pontic rulers actively choose to diverge from or emulate the royal Hellenistic portrait style with the intention of either gaining support from their Anatolian and Persian subjects or being accepted as legitimate Greek sovereigns within the context of international politics. Overall, this paper illustrates how widely-circulating royal images are purposefully utilized and manipulated to advance the Hellenistic rulers’ political ambitions. Heroic, invincible, and godly: these are terms used to this day to describe Alexander the Great of Macedon and his vast territorial conquests. However, despite his legendary achievements, his empire was swiftly carved up by regional dynasties that incessantly vied for dominion of the Mediterranean world. -
Mithridates Vi and the Pontic Kingdom
MITHRIDATES VI AND THE PONTIC KINGDOM 75200_mithridates_3k.indd 1 12-04-2009 14:13:21 BLACK SEA STUDIES 9 THE DANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION’S CENTRE FOR BLACK SEA STUDIES 75200_mithridates_3k.indd 2 12-04-2009 14:13:24 MITHRIDATES VI AND THE PONTIC KINGDOM Edited by Jakob Munk Højte AARHUS UNIVERSITY PRESS a 75200_mithridates_3k.indd 3 12-04-2009 14:13:24 Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom © Aarhus University Press and the authors 2009 Cover design by Jakob Munk Højte and Lotte Bruun Rasmussen Printed in Denmark by Narayana Press, Gylling ISBN 978 87 793 4443 3 Cover: The Iris Valley near Komana Pontike. Tetradrachm of Mithridates VI (SNGFab 387) Aarhus University Press Langelandsgade 177 DK-8200 Århus N White Cross Mills Lancaster LA1 4XS England Box 511 OAKville, CT 06779 USA www.unipress.dk The Publication of this volume has been made possible by a generous grant from The Danish National Research Foundation and The Aarhus University Research Foundation Danish National Research Foundation’s Centre for Black Sea Studies Building 1451 University of Aarhus 75200_mithridates_3k.indd 4 12-04-2009 14:13:24 Contents Jakob Munk Højte Introduction 7 Lâtife Summerer The Search for Mithridates. Reception of Mithridates VI between the 15th and the 20th Centuries 15 Christian Marek Hellenisation and Romanisation in Pontos-Bithynia: An Overview 35 Oleg L. Gabelko The Dynastic History of the Hellenistic Monarchies of Asia Minor According to the Chronography of George Synkellos 47 François de Callataÿ The First Royal Coinages of Pontos (from