The Afro-Brazilian Martial Art of Capoeira: Cultural Healing and Identity
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University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations August 2021 The Afro-brazilian Martial Art of Capoeira: Cultural Healing and Identity Lauren Hsiao-ling Mascari University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Cognitive Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Mascari, Lauren Hsiao-ling, "The Afro-brazilian Martial Art of Capoeira: Cultural Healing and Identity" (2021). Theses and Dissertations. 2699. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2699 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AFRO-BRAZILIAN MARTIAL ART OF CAPOEIRA: CULTURAL HEALING AND IDENTITY by Lauren Mascari A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Psychology at The University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee August 2021 ABSTRACT THE AFRO-BRAZILIAN MARTIAL ART OF CAPOEIRA: CULTRAL HEALING AND IDENTITY by Lauren Mascari The University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, 2021 Under the Supervision of Professor Nadya Fouad, PhD, ABPP By the year 2050, racial and ethnic minorities are projected to become the rising majority accounting for more than 50% of the population in the United States, however minorities are consistently at greater risk for poorer health outcomes and at higher risk for trauma-related symptoms than their White counterparts. Although some individuals seek and access traditional mental health services, more than half of the individuals who have diagnosable conditions never obtain formal treatment. Within the past two decades, the American Psychological Association delineated Multicultural Guidelines that describe the need for interventions to not only adapt to culture, but to be congruent. Through the lens of Vélez-Agosto and colleagues Microcultural framework (2017), the Afro-Brazilian martial art of capoeira is explored to better understand the meaningful cultural traditions therein, therapeutic and or healing aspects of the culturally- centered art, and salient aspects of identity for capoeristas, or capoeira practitioners. Narrative qualitative inquiry was utilized to interview capoeirstas from eight different groups, consisting of fifteen capoeira group leaders and twelve capoeira group members, for a total of 27 participants. Keywords: capoeira, cultural identity, cultural healing, cultural interventions, cultural therapy ii © Copyright by Lauren Mascari, 2021 All Rights Reserved iii em gratidão: eu ache de longe, eu fui trazado atravez do mar para uma nova terra embora minha vida tenha desafios, eu sempre vou encontrar el sol eu trabalho duro e nunca irie parar para melhoria do nosso povo eu agradeçu por toda lição de capoeira e todo ancestral iê vive meu deus iê vive meu mestre iê vive Ramona Harris iê vive Virginia Huljak iê vive Katherine Mascari ié vive Margaret Rose Zignego iê vive Carol Miller iê vive Karen Berenice Diaz Perez iê vive Jadelynn C. Davis iê Eileen A. Kopp iê vive Nala iê vive Paul Delacruz Megia iê vive Taptejdeep Singh iê vive Adrian Balleza iê vive Jose Dejesus Hernandez III iê vive Timothy Michael Romo iê vive Michael Joseph Rudometkin iê vive Abdolvahab Alaghmandan iv iê vive Lars Kepler Lane iê vive Alex Ward Fritch iê vive Daunte Wright iê vive Yong Ae Yue iê vive Suncha Kim iê vive Soon Chung Park iê vive Hyun Jung Grant iê vive Elcias Hernandez-Ortiz iê vive Paul Andre Michels iê vive Dayou Feng iê vive Xiaojie Tan iê vive Delaina Ashley Yuan iê vive Jacob Blake iê vive George Floyd iê vive Breonna Taylor iê vive Ahmaud Arbery iê vive Andrew Kearse iê vive Daniel Prude iê vive Alvin Cole iê vive Dontre Hamilton iê vive Tony McDade iê vive Trayvon Martin iê vive Michael Lorenzo Dean v iê vive Eric Reason iê vive Christopher McCorvey iê vive Christopher Whitfield iê vive Atatiana Jefferson iê vive Dominique Clatyon iê vive Pamela Turner iê vive Botham Jean iê vive Antwon Rose II iê vive Stephon Clark iê vive Ronell Foster iê vive Aaron Bailey iê vive Jordan Edwards iê vive Alteria Woods iê vive Paul O’Neal iê vive Terence Crutcher iê vive Philando Castile iê vive Alton Sterling iê vive Sylville Smith iê vive Terrill Thomas iê vive Willie Tillman iê vive Demarcus Semer iê vive Mary Truxillo iê vive Kevin Hicks vi iê vive Darius Robinson iê vive Torrey Robinson iê vive Peter Gaines iê vive Marco Loud iê vive Christopher Davis iê vive Dyzhawn Perkins iê vive Calin Roquemore iê vive David Joseph iê vive Wendell Celestine iê vive Antronie Scott iê vive Randy Nelson iê vive Janet Wilson iê vive Keith Childress Jr. iê vive Quintonio Legrier iê vive Bettie Jones iê vive Kevin Matthews iê vive Michael Noel iê vive Miguel Espinal iê vive Benni Lee Tignor iê vive Nathaniel Harris Pickett iê vive Richard Perkins iê vive Jamar Clark iê vive Michael Lee Marshall vii iê vive La’vante Biggs iê vive India Kager iê vive Tyree Crawford iê vive Alonzo Smith iê vive Anthony Ashford iê vive Dominic Hutchinson iê vive Paterson Brown iê vive Lamontez Jones iê vive Junior Prosper iê vive Keith Harrison McLeod iê vive Felix Kumi iê vive Asshams Pharoah Hamley iê vive Troy Robinson iê vive Christian Taylor iê vive Brian Keith Day iê vive Michael Sabbie iê vive Samuel Dubose iê vive Billy Ray Davis iê vive Darrius Stewart iê vive Albert Joseph Davis iê vive Sandra Bland iê vive Salvado Ellswood iê vive Joseph Mann viii iê vive Freddie Gray iê vive Jonathan Sanders iê vive Victor Manuel LaRosa iê vive Brendon Glenn iê vive Alexia Christian iê vive William Chapman II iê vive Walter Scott iê vive Eric Harris iê vive Phillip White iê vive Mya Hill iê vive Anthony Hill iê vive Tony Robinson iê vive Natasha McKenna iê vive Frank Smart iê vive Matthew Ajibade iê vive George Mann iê vive Jerame Reid iê vive Rumain Brisbon iê vive Tamir Rice iê vive Akai Gurley iê vive Tanisha Anderson iê vive Laquan McDonald iê vive Michelle Cusseaux ix iê vive Dante Parker iê vive Ezell Ford iê vive Michael Brown iê vive John Crawford III iê vive Eric Garner iê vive Emmett Till To our ancestors and all who are fighting for freedom: past, present, and future. Black, Indigenous, First Nation, Asian and Pacific Islander, Latinx, Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Non-binary, Queer, People of Color – Our Lives Matter. x TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... XV LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... XVI LIST OF NOMENCLATURE .................................................................................................. XVII CHAPTER I .................................................................................................................................... 1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 1 Multicultural Guidelines ................................................................................................................. 3 Ecology........................................................................................................................................ 3 Identity. ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Intersectionality. .......................................................................................................................... 9 Community. ............................................................................................................................... 10 Cultural Interventions. ............................................................................................................... 11 Movement, Music, and Group Therapy ........................................................................................ 12 Capoeira ....................................................................................................................................... 13 A Brief History of capoeira ....................................................................................................... 13 Capoeira Research ..................................................................................................................... 15 Narratives in capoeira................................................................................................................ 15 Narrative Inquiry ........................................................................................................................... 16 Research Questions ....................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER II ................................................................................................................................. 19 Group Therapy .............................................................................................................................. 19 Experiential Therapy. ................................................................................................................ 20 Dance Therapy .......................................................................................................................... 21 Martial Arts ..............................................................................................................................