Knowledge Organiser: Living Under Nazi Rule 1933-1945: Topic 1

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Knowledge Organiser: Living Under Nazi Rule 1933-1945: Topic 1 Democracy to dictatorship The path to dictatorship KEY PEOPLE KEY TERMS Adolf Hitler Head of the Nazi Party Anti-Semitic Being hostile or prejudiced towards Jews. Dictator of Germany 1933- 1945 Boycott To avoid or refuse to have anything to do with a person or business. Joseph In charge of Nazi propaganda. Goebbels Chancellor The term used in Germany for the leader of the government. Ernst Rӧhm Leader of the SA. Murdered Communist People who believe wealth should be shared and owned by the community. during the Night of the Long Knives. Concentration camp A place where a government forces its enemies to live. Hermann Formed the Gestapo and head Constitution The rules of how a government should work. Göring of the German police from 1933. Democracy A system where all adults vote to choose those who rule the country. Heinrich Leader the SS. Deputies Members of the German Reichstag, like members of Parliament in Britain. Himmler Dictator A person with complete power. Rudolph Hess Deputy Leader of the Nazi Party. Gleichshaltung The Nazi name for the control of German society. Wilhelm Frick Nazi leader who was made Lebensraum The Nazi policy of taking land from other countries to gain extra ‘living space’. Minister of the Interior in 1933. Marunus Van Communist who was accused Nazi A member of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party). der Lubbe and executed for starting the Reichstag Fire. Propaganda The spreading of a one-sided message, as widely as possible. President President of the Weimar Reichstag The German Parliament building. Hindenburg Republic until his death in 1934. SA (Sturmabteilung) The private army of the Nazis. Also known as Brownshirts. General Head of the Reichswehr SS (Schutzstaffel) Served a Hitler’s bodyguard and were responsible for running the Nazi Blomberg (German army) machinery of terror. Also known as the Blackshirts. Franz von Vice-Chancellor – not a Treaty of Versailles The peace treaty (agreement) that ended WWI. Papen member of the Nazi Party. Weimar Government The democratic government that ran Germany between 1918-1933. TIMELINE OF MAJOR EVENTS 30th Jan 27th Feb .28th Feb 5th Mar 25th Mar Mar 1933 1st Apr 1933 7th Apr 2nd May 10th May 21 Jun Jun 1933 Jan 1934 Apr 1934 Jun 1934 1 Aug 1934 2 Aug 1934 1933 1933 1933 1933 1933 The first Day long 1933 1933 1933 1933 The The Act for Act to set The Night The Act President Hitler The The Elections The concentrati boycott of The Offices of Book Social Kӧpenick Reconstruction up the of Long concerning Hindenburg appointed Reichstag Reichstag Enabling on camp at all Jewish Civil trade burnings Democrat Week of of the State People’s Knives the Head of died Chancellor Fire Fire Act Dachau businesses Service unions in Party was Blood Court State Hitler was now of Germany Decree established Act raided university banned Führer of cities Germany across Germany. .

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Volume 7. Nazi Germany, 1933-1945 Adolf Hitler’s (1889-1945) appointment as Reich Chancellor on January 30, 1933, was neither accidental nor inevitable; rather, it was a testimony to the ability of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party [Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP] to successfully exploit basic weaknesses in the Weimar Republic to gain significant popular support. Without unexpected help from his political rivals, however, Hitler could have never become chancellor legally – or perhaps even at all. Back in September 1930, the Nazi Party had captured 18.3 percent of the vote in a national election, gaining the second largest number of seats in the Reichstag, the lower house of the German parliament. Up to that point, political opponents and observers had mostly viewed National Socialism as a movement of roughnecks and alienated elements who sought to overthrow the republic by force – something that Hitler, in fact, had tried and failed to do in his putsch attempt in November 1923. By the late 1920s, however, Nazi officials and local activists working within the system had built up an increasingly effective organizational base throughout much of Germany and had discovered new – and legal – ways to appeal to different social strata. During the Great Depression, the Nazis parlayed Hitler’s charisma, massive unemployment, and middle- and upper-class fears of Communism and Socialism into a considerable increase in popular support. These years saw the Nazis and the Communists embroiled in a bitter struggle in the Reichstag, where both tried to prevent the passage of government measures at every turn. At the same time, their respective paramilitary forces, the Sturmabteilung [Storm Detachment, also known as the SA or the Brownshirts] and the Rotfrontkämpferbund [Red Front Fighters’ League] battled each other (and the Social Democratic-oriented Reichsbanner organization) in the streets and beer halls of towns and cities throughout the country.
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