1 ANC Today VOTE ANC 40 VOICE OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS DAYS LEFT 29 March - 04 April 2019

Conversations with the President

Solidarity with Western Sahara by Men and Women of Conscience

outh Africa welcomes for all who share the vision of a As lovers of peace The presence of representatives you to our country. world free from subjugation, a world from the national liberation We are honoured to where the strong do not exert their and freedom – as movements of the region, from the host this historic act dominance through force of arms. African Union and African Union of solidarity with the In the many times he addressed the men and women Commission, from the Southern Saharawi people. international community on the anti- of conscience African Development Community apartheid struggle, Comrade OR, and our friends in the international SIt is fitting that this conference as he was known, spoke of the role – let us step up community sends the clearest of is taking place in a building of ‘men and women of conscience’ messages. named after Oliver Reginald Tambo, in giving voice to the struggles of our international That message is that we are with a legendary statesman and a oppressed peoples everywhere. solidarity efforts, in the people of the Western Sahara. committed internationalist who was Gathered here today are men and We stand with you, we support you, unwavering in his support for the women of conscience. both word and deed, and we will never forget you. struggle for self-determination of You stood by South Africa during with the people of This conference reflects our the Saharawi people. It was Oliver the struggle for our own liberation, commitment, as the countries of Reginald Tambo who affirmed, as we and today you are here to affirm your Western Sahara, with Africa, supported by our friends in the do today, that international solidarity solidarity with the Saharawi people international community, to call for a is an imperative for progressive in their quest for self-determination. Polisario and with just, acceptable and lasting solution peoples everywhere. the Saharawi Arab to the situation in Western Sahara. Building bridges of friendship is We are with the people of It follows on a decision made at the a natural and just course of action Saharawi Democratic Republic. 37th Summit continues on page 4

Food Security Reflecting on Cyclone Idai and as a Human 25 years of Natural Disaster Parliamentary management in Right Administration SADC

5 7 9

[email protected] Follow us on @MyANC 011 376 1000 Connect with ANC Today and be part of the Follow Us @MyANC Twitter page conversation via our social media platforms. www.anctoday.org.za Follow @myanc_ on Instagram Visit our interactive ANC Website CONNECT WITH US www.anc1912.org.za View @MyANC on YouTube 2 ANC Today

EDITORIAL An Effective, Accountable and Citizen-focused State and Government

he 2019 elections take place against the backdrop of significant strides in improving the lives of South Africans. Over the past 25 years, the dignity of our people hasT been restored. Few countries in the world have succeeded in expanding vital services such as water, sanitation, electricity, roads and housing to so many people in such a short time. We promoted nation-building, social By Phumulo Masualle, Chairperson: cohesion and celebrated our Governance and Legislature diversity as a nation. This was Sub-Committee made possible by our concerted efforts to build a capable and developmental state. continues on page 4 The National Development Plan In our South African (NDP) anticipates that by 2030 we context, these will have a developmental state that is accountable, focused on monopolies remain citizen’s priorities, and capable of in white hands, delivering high-quality services consistently and sustainably and the excessive through cooperative governance concentration of and participatory democracy. The NDP equally demands of wealth and financial us to place South Africa on a power in the hands sustainable path that effectively addresses the twin challenges of of large corporations poverty and inequality. In order inevitably leads to realise this vision, the state needs to play a transformative to abuse and and developmental role, which exploitation. requires well-run and effectively coordinated state institutions with skilled public servants. we have built robust systems The efforts to build a sustainable and institutions to strengthen and capable state have come oversight and accountability, a long way since the advent of enhance public involvement, democracy in 1994 when we deepen engagement and strengthen In 2000 government announced a the period 1998/99 to 2017/18, had to amalgamate a number of cooperative governance as well programme of free basic services now totalling some R110 billion. disparate administrations from as legislative capacity. for indigent households, which This constitutes a substantial the apartheid state and homeland As part of the ever-constant would guarantee a minimum commitment to decentralisation. administrations into a single evaluation of service delivery package of tariff-free essential Despite huge differences between public service. The number of that government undertakes, services. The services were municipalities, there has been municipalities was rationalised from a Citizen Report Card (CRC) meant to be derived from the impressive overall progress with over 1 200 racially segregated, Survey is commissioned in order ‘equitable share’ of nationally the delivery of infrastructure institutionally fragmented and to gauge levels of access to and raised revenue provided for in services. Households with access undemocratic local government effectiveness of government the Constitution. In addition, to piped water improved from structures in the early 1990’s services. The survey is intended government instituted a wide 70% (28 million people) in 1996 to 257 democratically elected to act as an instrument with variety of conditional grants for to 88,8% (50,9 million) in 2017. municipalities in 2016. which government can adjust particular functions and services. Households with access to at least Public participation, accountability government service delivery with In aggregate, transfers to local basic sanitation (VIP pit latrines) and effective oversight are essential the interests of the public who government have grown more improved from 48,8% (19,5 million instruments of a functioning use these services or facilities. than ten-fold in real terms over people) in 1996 continues on page 3 democracy. Over the last 25 years, 3 ANC Today

EDITORIAL continued from page 2 An Effective, Accountable and Citizen-focused State and Government

In our South African context, these monopolies remain in white hands, and the excessive concentration of wealth and financial power in the hands of large corporations inevitably leads to abuse and exploitation.

to 82.2% of households (46 million) in 2017. 4,7 million new households have been connected to the electricity grid since 1994, and by 2017, 84.4% (or 13.7 million) households were connected to an bodies appointed by Council and access to education, tripling of appointing a new Commissioner electricity supply. responsible for reviewing local enrolments at tertiary institutions to head this essential institution. Failure to invest in operation and government expenditure and with billions given in bursaries and In the last week, the President maintenance inevitably results in performance reports in hearings a six-fold increase in uptake of published a proclamation establishing higher costs and the inability to that are open to the media and the social security benefits. Millions the Investigation Directorate within realise revenue projections. Although public to encourage transparency. have benefited from housing, the NPA. The ANC believes the most cities and some smaller By 2012 80% of municipalities access to electricity, literacy establishment of this directorate municipalities have developed reported having established MPACs, programmes, water and many is a step in the right direction asset and information management and by 2018 this rose to 99%. other amenities. and a demonstration of the ANC- systems that help them to manage led government’s unwavering existing infrastructure assets and Legislature Restoring Trust and commitment to root out corruption to identify future challenges, failure The legislative arm of the state Confidence in Public and deal state capture a fatal blow. to properly manage infrastructure through Parliament and Provincial Institution The ANC called for the establishment is in large part responsible for Legislatures continues to be an We have had to deal with the of the Zondo Commission in order service delivery failures. expression of our democratic effects of state capture on vital to lay bare all forms of state capture While the annual municipal audit values and an assembly of public public institutions, including our and ensure that all those against outcomes generate much criticism representatives entrusted with law enforcement agencies, whose whom evidence of criminality is of local government performance, the task of making laws that integrity and ability to fulfil their found face the full might of the the long-term trend provides a enable the realisation of a society mandate had been eroded in law. The establishment of this more sober picture of the advances envisaged in the Constitution recent years. We have therefore Directorate is the clearest indication made. Evidence shows that over where all citizens are equal before acted to stabilise and restore the that our resolve to realise this goal the period 2007/08 to 2016/17, the the law. In realising its mandate, credibility of institutions like the number of qualified, disclaimed and Parliament presided over defining National Prosecuting Authority, the has never been greater. The long adverse audit opinions significantly decisions, which include: South African Revenue Service, arm of the law will reach all those decreased from 67% in 2007/08 - Passing in excess of 2 000 the State Security Agency and who presided over the looting of to 43.6% in 2016/17, while the laws as part of building a new the South African Police Service. the state with impunity. number of municipalities with nation from the ashes of apartheid We have appointed a new National We will actively promote a culture unqualified audit reports (with or and colonialism that had ravaged Director of Public Prosecutions, of integrity throughout the state, without findings) increased from our society; Advocate Shamila Batohi, to lead society and within our people’s 33% to 57%. - Approving budgets involving the revival of the NPA and to organisation, the ANC. We will trillions of rands which changed the strengthen the fight against crime not tolerate practices that harm Oversight and accountability has lives of millions of South Africans and corruption. We are implementing the public interest. We will hold been improved through Municipal and shifted human development the recommendations of the report people accountable and those Public Accounts Committees outcomes. These included increased of the Nugent Commission of Inquiry who loot public resources will face (MPACs), which are oversight life expectancy, vastly improved into SARS and are in the process the full might of the law. 4 ANC Today

Conversations with the PRESIDENT continued from page 1 Solidarity with Western Sahara by Men and Women of Conscience of the SADC Heads of State and Government that took place here in Pretoria in August 2017. It was the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish, who himself had known the pain of dispossession and exile, who once wrote: ‘A person can only be born in one place. However, he may die several times elsewhere: in the exiles and prisons, and in a homeland transformed by the occupation and oppression into a nightmare.’ We cannot but be moved by the plight of the Saharawi people. It has been 43 years since Western Sahara was annexed, and for

‘A person can only be born in one place. However, he may conscience, all the more so that it referendum. displacement and exile, is ours too. die several times has endured for far too long. It is only through the implementation So long as the aspirations of the of these decisions that a solution to people of Western Sahara are not UN Security Council Resolution the Western Sahara question can met, we will fall short of realising the elsewhere: in the 621 be achieved. vision of the AU’s Agenda 2063 of a It has been three decades since This must be done in the spirit continent at peace with itself. the United Nations Security Council of multilateralism, based on the As a collective, let us reaffirm our exiles and prisons, adopted Resolution 621 of 1998, Charter of the United Nations and support for the UN process that first calling for a referendum on the applicable provisions of the seeks to bring these two African self-determination for the people African Union. and in a homeland nations, Morocco and the SADR, of Western Sahara. But despite We continue to urge all the parties back to the negotiating table. successive Security Council involved to negotiate, in good faith

transformed by resolutions and decisions of the and without preconditions, to ensure Organisation of African Unity and that an enduring solution is found. Step up international solidary African Union, this critical step has We once again affirm our support As lovers of peace and freedom – as the occupation not taken place. for the work being done by the AU men and women of conscience – let The ultimate result has been that and the UN, particularly the initiatives us step up our international solidarity and oppression the people of Western Sahara taken by the UN Secretary-General. efforts, in both word and deed, with have been deprived of the most the people of Western Sahara, with fundamental right of a people – the We support the political dialogue Polisario and with the Saharawi Arab into a nightmare.’ right to determine their own destiny. We are immensely encouraged by Democratic Republic. We are here to hear from the the efforts of the Personal Envoy It was international solidarity that Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic of the UN Secretary-General for brought down the barbaric system these four decades the people of and Polisario what we can do to aid Western Sahara, former German of apartheid, and it is international Western Sahara have had to endure them in advancing their cause. president Horst Koehler, who is solidarity that will see realised the dispossession, displacement, While we are here to express our facilitating a political dialogue foremost aspiration of the people of unwavering solidarity with the just between the Kingdom of Morocco conflict and the deprivation of their Western Sahara: to be independent liberties. cause of our brothers and sisters, and Polisario. and free. The Saharawi people have lived in any actions going forward must I am told the deliberations held on refugee camps in Tindouf in Algeria be decided upon by the Saharawi This is a development to be the first day of this conference have since the 1970s, making this one of people and not any external entity. welcomed and encouraged. been fruitful and that consensus the longest humanitarian crises the We are here to deliberate on the way As countries of the SADC region world has known. in which we can use our respective who have waged struggles in pursuit has been reached on a number of In these camps, men, women and positions with the United Nations of our own liberation, we know too key issues. children live in desperate conditions, and African Union to advocate for well the pain of being deprived of the Let us continue to harness relying on international aid to the urgent implementation, without right to be treated as full citizens in this spirit of cooperation and of survive. delay, of all the UN Security Council the land of one’s birth. multilateralism, in pursuit of a The situation of the Saharawi and AU decisions on Western The pain of the Saharawi people, continent in which all its people are people is a blight on the human Sahara, including the holding of a their trauma brought about by free. 5 ANC Today

DOMESTIC Food Security as a Human Right

By Itumeleng Mafatshe

uman Rights Day marks an important day that compels us to take a moment and reflect on the history, the present and the future of this country, particularly as this relates to the dignity of all South Africans, as advocated forH by the Freedom Charter. In celebrating 25 years of South Africa’s democracy and our rights, we must think how the democratic victory of the African National Congress in 1994 translates into a significantly different lived reality for the people of this country. Ours is a country that is embedded in a history of racial, class and gender oppression. The reality of a deeply entrenched inequality lingers so much so that it finds expression in the lived realities of South Africans, especially as this relates to bread and butter issues in households across the country. It is still appropriate to acknowledge the impact that apartheid, colonialism and patriarchy has had on Africans, women and the poor of this country. Hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity in South Africa has a face. It is not absurd to suggest that this is the face of a Black working class woman. An ascription to the existing patriarchal gender roles renders the woman as one who must bear the brunt of responsibility for providing food for the household. According to the United Nations, the right to food as a human right is recognized under international law. This means the right of all individuals to have access to adequate food wounding the poorest among them. addressing the pending food crisis and its and to resources necessary for sustainable The right to Food as Social Justice consequences. For this to happen, it must be enjoyment of food security. As a human right, prefaced by a political economy critique of This reality therefore compels those of us the availability, accessibility and adequacy of agriculture policy in South Africa, specifically to interested in justice to begin to have robust food to individuals, places some obligation challenge the assumption that the neo-liberal on the State to see to it that food security is discussions and employ vigorous action in economic framework that underpins most a reality for all. economic activity is the answer to eliminating Threat of Climate Change poverty and inequality and empowering small- The nexus between climate change and scale farmers. economic inequality poses a threat to the The reality of a deeply Secondly, concerted efforts must be made fulfilment of the state’s obligation to food by the State to integrate already existing security. Recent climate disasters attest to entrenched inequality food security interventions such that they the adverse effects that climate change will contribute to a more coherent and structured have on livelihoods and access to adequate national programme that addresses food food and water. There is no doubt that climate lingers so much so that shortages, malnutrition and hunger, particularly change is already affecting output for both as this relates to migration patterns and the commercial and subsistence agriculture. The it finds expression in the expected increase in urbanisation between expected water and energy deficiencies in the now and 2050. country will minimise availability and access lived realities of South Finally, in order to protect the right to food to adequate food. for all, it is important that the power to grow A combination of how climate change will Africans, especially as food is given back to those that need it most. affect the predominantly blue- collar agriculture In this regard, significant investment must be economy, and the supposed consequences made to the re-establishment of community of the Fourth Industrial Revolution seen in this relates to bread food and vegetable gardens in people’s expected retrenchments within the financial backyards, and other public and community sector, is a recipe for economic vulnerability and butter issues in facilities. Additionally, food education must be and isolation for many. A sprinkle of the rolled out in schools to encourage a culture reality of a stubborn youth unemployment rate households across the of self-sufficiency in our communities from exacerbates the already entrenched inequality. a young age. The cost of food is high and the pinch of the It is important to recognise the importance of price of bread increasingly becoming tighter country. the right to food as a critical part of eliminating for the working and middle classes, and poverty and inequality in our lifetime. 6 ANC Today

DOMESTIC Farmworker Rights 25 Years On: A Ticking Time-Bomb

gtergeblewenes Act (LRA), bolstered by that there has been little appetite is the Afrikaans the Sectoral Determination (and practically, resources) for word for previously provisions, likewise set out advancing rights of farmworkers. disadvantaged to disrupt the tenuous labour The DA states its unashamed people. The word conditions in the sector. bias in favour of protecting and means “those left Through this mechanism, perpetuating the historical privilege behind.” In engaging with the state for the first time of farmers. It was, therefore, no farmworkerA communities that is regulated the minimum surprise when in response to the the word that resonates most. It wages for the sector, making historical 2012 De Doorns farmworker makes one ponder how, since the it illegal to pay workers advent of our democracy, in spite below this wage level. Since uprising, Premier Zille insulted of the myriad of laws passed to its introduction, minimum farmworkers by proclaiming the advance farmworker rights, the wages for farmworkers has uprising as the work of a “third fate of this community remains increased from R650 in 2003 force,” so illustrating her and By Ambassador Shaun Byneveldt, so dire? to the current R3169 per the DA’s complete blindness and A former SA Ambassador to Our country’s colonialization month. It is worth noting lack of empathy to the realities Syria, 2009 - 2018. He writes started with the establishment of that when this minimum in his personal capacity. of farmworkers. It was the daily what was euphemistically called by wage was introduced in humiliation of workers and their the Dutch a “refreshment station.” 2003, the Department of families that was their real driving What this effectively meant was Labour found that less than through labour brokerage force behind these protests. an agricultural plantation staffed 20% of farmworkers were as a strategy by farmers to Regrettably, the DA did not learn by slave labour from a wide range earning the minimum wage evade their legal obligations from the De Doorns uprising. In of origins alongside enslaved at that time. as employers. an illustration of their blindness, indigenous South Africans. We With the benefit of hindsight, the DA has continued to create often forget that South Africa’s The Backlash a disjuncture between white pristine farmlands have been built These progressive legislative it is clear that the required on the sweat, blood and tears of changes were introduced alongside institutional infrastructure to commercial farm owners interests our ancestors. South Africa’s return to the effect these legislative protections against farmworker interests. At As commercial agriculture’s world markets after years of were not put in place. And while the second inquiry into farmworker significant contribution to our apartheid isolation. This entailed some rights violations have been rights by the SA Human Rights GDP is acknowledged, it’s worth a dismantling of all the historical averted, today by and large this Commission in 2018, it was reminding us of this painful apartheid protections as required community remains exploited. concluded that while “Most farm history. And that the majority of by the World Trade Organisation. evictions are illegal, not a single Farmworkers in the Western those who make the success of This, in turn, exerted pressure on farmer had ever been convicted Cape – a ticking timebomb this sector possible have lived in farmers to try to recover some of of an illegal eviction in South The Western Cape is home a constant state of exploitation. the “subsidies lost” through this Africa.” The DA did nothing to to the highest concentration For example, the notorious “dop liberalisation process. Sadly, it stop evictions! system” was birthed in this sector is farmworkers and dwellers who of farmworkers in our country. As I write, there is another leading to a lasting legacy of have paid the highest price for this. Politically, this province is thus evictions crisis looming in the widespread alcoholism and fetal This process of liberalisation and significant in terms of setting Western Cape and we should alcohol syndrome (FAS). Today, farmer backlash against new pro the standard for the well-being the Western Cape still has the farmworker laws resulted in the of farmworker communities. not be surprised if we experience highest rate of FAS globally. following broad trends: The ideology of those who rule another farmworker uprising. To • Evictions from farms – at provincially and locally are key avoid this ticking time-bomb, the Legislation to protect Farmworkers least a million workers were to ensuring rights realisation of ANC will be required to rebuild It is against this history that evicted from farms in the first farmworkers. Laws are a means the trust deficit between farm the ANC-led government drove a post-apartheid decade as to an end and not an end in itself; owners and workers. As a first series of progressive legislative farmers struck pre-emptively rather what is equally important step, farm owners however will changes aimed at advancing the to evade the new laws before is the political will of those who need to move away from an rights of farmworkers, including: it took effect; rule provincially and locally, that ahistorical racial denialism and • The Extension of Security of • Casualisation of farmworkers is, the DA to operationalize our sense of entitlement. Given the suite of laws created to protect Tenure Act of 1997 (“ESTA”) – in yet another strategy to DA government’s failures, the farmworkers in both the letter which was a specific protective circumvent the new labour incoming ANC government will response to the arbitrary rights accorded under the and spirit. have to intervene. As the New and rampant evictions of LRA; This means that while some aspects Dawn takes shape under President farm dweller families. Until • Feminisation - in justification of the lives of this community are Ramaphosa, permit me to make the the promulgation of ESTA of contracting workers under governed by national laws, the in November 1997, farm more tenuous contract terms, majority of the day to day delivery clarion call to both farm owners tenants had no protection most jobs in the sector have is located at the provincial and and farmworkers to join us on this regulating their rights of been feminised with lower local government level. The DA journey by creating a new social residence on farms. wages; and with its stated allegiance to protect compact in the agricultural sector, • The inclusion of farmworkers • Labour brokerage: a proliferation the historical privileges of the where all can benefit from shared into the Labour Relations of contracting farm labour farmer constituency has meant value, prosperity and dignity. 7 ANC Today

DOMESTIC Reflecting on25 Years of Parliamentary Administration

By Donovan Cloete

As veritable hubs of representation meetings and plenaries, notice of and true tribunes of the people, new bills in parliamentary papers Parliaments around the world and newspapers and invitations play a critical role in harnessing for written and oral comments, all and advancing democracy and of which was aimed at broadening constitutionalism. Our Parliament participation in the legislative in South Africa is not an exception processes. in this regard. However, to fully Building on that work, the second understand the role the South democratic Parliament (1999- African parliament has played over 2004), focused on institutionalizing the years in deepening democracy and broadening oversight. The in the country, one has to follow third democratic Parliament the historical trajectory of this (2004-2009) concentrated on important institution. strengthening its oversight role Throughout its many transformations and passed critical legislation from 1910 until 1994 (bicameral on the amending of money bills. parliament in 1910; unicameral It adopted the language policy parliament in 1981; tricameral which introduced the use of all parliament in in 1984 and; official languages in Parliament. bicameral parliament in 1994), It also strengthened public the South African Parliament was participation through introduction represented in Parliament, but is needs. never representative before the of the People’s Assemblies, taking also a change in the temperament But notwithstanding the above democratic dispensation. It only parliament to the people campaign, make-up of members of parliament. challenges heralded by the changes existed to serve the interests of the Women’s Parliament and As young and vibrant Members in the parliamentary business, the ruling white minority. the Youth Parliament. Amongst are joining the parliamentary as we ready ourselves for the As such, as pointed out in the others, the fourth democratic fold, the character and nature of new parliamentary term, the 2009 Report of the Independent Parliament (2009-2014) developed parliament is changing and the parliamentary administration remains Panel on Assessment of Parliament, public participation model and demands to and expectations of committed in building confidence the transition to democracy in the oversight and accountability a parliamentary administration in millions of South Africans. As the country not only created a model. It also established the are also changing. Now, more the Parliamentary administration, government that was for the first Parliamentary Budget Office than ever, a question arises as we will continue to identify new time legitimate in the eyes of (PBO) to provide for members to whether the parliamentary drivers of institutional change in South African citizens, but it also with objective and independent administration is up to the task order to provide quality support brought comprehensive change analysis of the budget. and well positioned to meet the to Members of Parliament as they to the state machinery and to With the changing parliament demands of a changing parliament discharge their constitutional structures of the three arms of the business - the focus during the 5th of the 21st century. responsibilities. Taking stock of state (executive, legislature and democratic Parliament (2014-2019) There is still a prevailing view the successes and experiences of the judiciary). In particular, the was on institutional systems and amongst Members that despite the last 25 years of Parliamentary legislature or Parliament changed processes, the goal being to infuse the significant expansion of the Administration, we will augment not only in terms of its members, these with high level of efficiency parliamentary administration over our efforts of finding new ways of but also in terms of its structure and effectiveness. There was a the years, capacity and efficiency strategically positioning Parliament and functioning. realisation that, notwithstanding of administrative support still to play a more value-adding role in Moreover, the institution had the critical milestones reached remain a challenge. realising the national developmental to also transform the legislative by the previous four parliaments, What is compounding the agenda. framework that had underpinned there were still a number of areas challenge is the issue of austerity As we approach a new parliamentary the apartheid state. Thus, the first that needed strengthening. measures or budget cuts. As a term, we are mindful of the need democratic parliament (1994- The current Parliament’s strategic results, questions arise as to for a more empowered and 1999) focused on deconstructing priorities (of strengthening oversight whether the country’s democracy capacitated Parliament that serves the country’s apartheid past and accountability; enhancing is well-funded? Without adequate as a platform for robust public and constructing a democratic public involvement; deepening resources, Parliament and provincial discourse. To this end, we have future through sustained focus on engagement in international legislatures are unable to facilitate also identified a number of areas repealing unconstitutional historic fora; strengthening co-operative public participation to the level in which we need to redouble and apartheid laws. By focusing government; and strengthening required by the Constitution and to our efforts to effectively turn the on passing transformatory laws, legislative capacity) were informed ensure that their oversight over the tide against underperformance the goal of this parliament was by the changes and the realities Executive is meaningful, efficient in certain areas of parliamentary also to lay the foundations for of a changing parliamentary and effective. Parliament and business and accelerate change a democratic and open society environment. provincial legislatures presently over the remaining period of the based on the new Constitution. As the country’s democracy face more pressures from the term, including sharpening our The first democratic Parliament is maturing and deepening, the public; they are expected to be monitoring and evaluation methods devised a number of mechanisms parliament is increasingly becoming more accountable and responsive and periodic assessments of how to facilitate public involvement in a multi-party environment. Closely to people’s needs. Citizens expect citizens experience Parliament law-making, and these included associated with that is not only the the legislatures to ensure that through all means of interface public access to committee changing composition of parties delivery of services meets their with its work. 8 ANC Today

DEBATE The Festival of Purim and Israel today

By Roshan Dadoo and Ronnie Kasrils

he article by Wendy Kahn in ANC Today, 23 March, raises a number of serious concerns. Whilst not credited in the article as such, Wendy Kahn is theT National Director of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies (SAJBD), an organization that unapologetically supports and advocates for the state of Israel. The SAJBD is therefore in direct opposition to the position of the ANC which rightly continues to support the just struggle of the Palestinian people against Israeli colonialism and for the right to national self-determination. Kahn draws an analogy between the Jewish festival of Purim and South African Human Rights Day in a thinly veiled and disingenuous attempt to use the Bible to defend Israeli occupation of historic Palestine. Purim celebrates the fable of Queen Esther thwarting a genocidal plot against the Jews in ancient Persia (current day Iran) by “those driven by unreasoning hatred”. This does indeed “resonate strongly in our own troubled times” but not for the reasons Kahn suggests. Scholars might reasonably doubt the historical veracity of the Biblical account. But even within the biblical story it is worth noting that the Jews had been State Law (2018) which says that 115 journalists. Of those injured, accepted as refugees in Persia. the right to exercise national self- 5,814 were hit by live ammunition. Indeed, the King of Persia does Human Rights Day and determination in the State of Israel Furthermore, a UN Human Rights not seem unduly perturbed to Purim should remind is unique to the Jewish people. Council commission report, adopted discover that Esther, his new Furthermore, our commemoration the day after Human Rights Day wife, is in fact Jewish and he of Sharpeville Day on 21 March this year, found that Israel’s use agrees to her request to stop a us of our freedom when, as Kahn states, “scores of of lethal force against protesters plot to massacre the Jews, not struggle as we celebrate unarmed civilians were massacred warrants criminal investigation only executing the leader of the merely for protesting against the and prosecution and may amount plot but going so far as to allow our Constitution that iniquitous pass laws” cannot fail to war crimes and crimes against the Jewish exiles to kill anyone to remind us of the Palestinian humanity. who threatens them and their guarantees equal rights Great March of Return which is Human Rights Day and Purim families. 75,500 people are killed approaching its first anniversary. should remind us of our freedom in the following two days. This for all who live in South Every week, unarmed Palestinian struggle as we celebrate our might well be considered now protesters continue to demonstrate Constitution that guarantees as collective punishment and Africa peacefully, protesting their equal rights for all who live in excessive use of force. incarceration in the Gaza strip This year Purim was celebrated and for their right to return to South Africa. It should be a time in the Israeli occupied West Bank of a “largely powerless Jewish their land. Like the apartheid to recommit our solidarity with town of Hebron by Jewish settlers nation” that Kahn equates with state in South Africa, Israel shoots the Palestinian people resisting blocking access to Palestinians promoting human rights? This at these Palestinian civilians. apartheid Israel. They, like we did, from their streets - supported by is in fact the very opposite. It is Amnesty International reported are fighting against an apartheid the Israeli army - dressing up as symptomatic of an arrogant and that over 150 Palestinians have state, for their right to regain stereotyped ‘Arabs’ (in the same racist colonial state that denies been killed in the demonstrations. freedom, to return from exile to way white racists dress up in equal rights to all citizens through At least 10,000 others have been their ancestral homeland and to ‘blackface’) to unashamedly mock apartheid laws, most recently and injured, including 1,849 children, enjoy equal rights with all who and provoke. Is this the behavior clearly stated in the Israeli Nation 424 women, 115 paramedics and live in Palestine. 9 ANC Today

INTERNATIONAL Cyclone Idai and Natural Disaster management in SADC

yclone Idai has been declared by the UN to be the worst Crucial to this natural disaster to is integrated hit the southern hemisphere. spatial planning. More than 750 people have Development trends, diedC in Mozambique, Malawi and Zimabawe and hundreds of such as population thousands have been displaced growth and rapid or left homeless. Vast inland lakes have been created. urbanisation, In the spirit of solidarity and lead to land-use “Thuma Mina!”, South Africa has responded with government and conflicts, increased citizens working together. vulnerabilities and President Cyril Ramaphosa immediately deployed the SANDF to disaster risks. assist and Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Lindiwe Sisulu, called upon South African NGOs, companies and individuals to make donations the legislative frameworks: spatial planning. Development towards humanitarian aid. (1) Capacity shortages; trends, such as population growth The SANDF has deployed (2) Inadequate institutional and rapid urbanisation, lead to aircraft and medical personnel. placement of the disaster land-use conflicts, increased management function in provincial Organisations such as Gift of the vulnerabilities and disaster risks. Givers have mobilised donations and departments and municipalities Spatial planning is instrumental ESKOM has deployed technicians (where it is sometimes viewed as in addressing the challenges to restore power lines. a line function, instead This disaster raises the urgent need of a cross-sectoral coordinating posed by natural hazards on for progressive forces internationally function); the built environment. Through to rally behind measure to deal (3) Inadequate funding for appropriate land-use allocation, with climate change responsible proactive risk-reduction planning exposures to natural hazards can for such disasters, in particular By Andries Nel: Deputy Minister and activities; be minimised or even prevented. for Cooperative Governance the implementation of the Paris (4) Insufficient progress in Spatial plans should be evaluated and Traditional Affairs. integrating disaster risk reduction Agreement on the emission of against integrated risk maps in greenhouse gasses and to ensure into the day-to-day operations promote a holistic response order to have an understanding that it is legally enforced. and planning of organs of state; aimed at reducing the likelihood of the possible consequences The ANC has condemned the and of disasters and better managing fact that failure to implement (5) Limited technical expertise and of disasters on the allocation of disasters that do occur. the principles of reciprocity and capacity to promote integration, land uses. The National Climate Change distributive justice that were particularly at the local If the designated land use cannot Response White Paper (2011) accepted in the United Nations government level. withstand the risk, alternative outlines government’s vision for Framework Convention on Climate Policy frameworks such as the land-use options should be building resilience to climate change Change (UNFCC) is having a National Development Plan and and promotes the mainstreaming sought. For example, new or devastating impact, most clearly the Integrated Urban Development of climate change considerations continued human settlement or seen in cyclones such as Idai, and Framework emphasise that building infrastructural developments in human devastation that it visits and responses into all relevant urban and rural resilience and ensuring high-risk areas, such as floodplains, especially on the people of the sector-planning instruments. sustainable development require more underdeveloped Southern At a regional level, South Africa a close interface and integration will increase exposure to hazards, Hemisphere. is part of the SADC Regional of urban governance, climate with flooding likely to incur costs These tragic events also bring Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and risk-sensitive development to government, the private sector into sharp relief our disaster Framework which provides for planning, as well as coherent and communities. seasonal disaster preparedness management capabilities as a systems, services and resources. Investments in disaster risk planning at national and regional country and as a region. A whole-of-government and reduction can largely protect South Africa has a well-developed level to mitigate all forms of all-of-society approach need to both the population and national legislative framework to guide and disasters in the region which are emphasise the linkages between resources from such losses. support disaster risk reduction. linked to hydro meteorological mitigation and adaptation, as well For example, the Disaster factors. as the multiple economic, social All these important matters are Management Act (No 57 of However, despite progress made, and environmental co-benefits of addressed in the ANC Election 2002) and the National Disaster several challenges continue to urban climate action. Manifesto: Let’s Grow South Management Framework (2005) undermine the implementation of Crucial to this is integrated Africa Together. 10 ANC Today

OPINION A Rigorous Fight against Corruption

“This continent is not he National Executive committee of the ANC distinguished for its with its weakness like good governance of the any other political party in the continent, is peoples of Africa. But gradually and swiftly without good governance, implementing the resolution of theT 54th national Congress on a we cannot eradicate fierce fight against the scourge poverty; for no corrupt of corruption, state capture and erosion of democracy, lack of government is interested accountability and poor service in the eradication of delivery in other parts of the poverty; on the contrary, country. We might be impatient with the current leadership of the and as we have seen in ANC, but signs of resolve and many parts of Africa and commitment to deal with “the sins of incumbency” are there to be seen elsewhere, widespread by even a blind person. That the corruption in high places first deployee of the ANC president Cyril Ramaphosa is leading by breed poverty. The example, he is currently ensuring that our judicial system regains key to a government’s is responsive, democratic and its decorum, independence and accountable in nature and character effectiveness and its reclaims its judicial authority. This as enshrined in chapter 13 of the revolutionary decision and action ability to lead the nation National Development Plan. The are but greater step towards what lies in a combination of the former President of Tanzanian ANC is already implementing its three elements. First its Julius Nyerere echoed, that good manifesto even before the dawn governance is a key ingredient of the most awaited day, the 08 closeness to its people, for the eradication of poverty May 2019. We are starting to see and its responsiveness to and its one of the facets in the and experience the resurrection of hope amongst South Africans, their needs and demands; fight against rampant corruption, because corruption deprives the that indeed the future under in other words, democracy. downtrodden and the destitute President Cyril Ramaphosa looks Secondly, its ability to masses of our people with an brighter and many people start opportunity to receive basic By Orapeleng Daniel Matshediso: to resonate with the message of coordinate and bring into service delivery. Member of the ANC, Lekwa- hope as espoused in the manifesto a democratic balance This strategic focus on judiciary Teemane Sub-region of the ANC. The appointment and state institutions that supports Dr Ruth Mompati Region in of the Zondo Commission on the many functional democracy would ensure that the North West state capture, serves as a clear and often competing future state capture report finds response to chapter 14 of the NDP a judiciary system that is not sectional institutions of the society, is duty bound to which directs the government to politically interfered with, that be at the forefront of this battle to promote accountability and fight which groups of people is independent, democratic and bury this cancer of corruption and corruption wherever it raises its accountable as espoused in the state capture. It means sections ugly head in the society. The have created to serve their constitution of the republic. The of the society must join this battle 2019, ANC manifesto resonates beneficiaries of state capture and or a fight against corruption and particular interests. And with the “effective government” corruption can bear testimony to the state capture that has nearly thirdly, the efficiency of that was envisaged by President fact that the ANC led government collapse the state, unfortunately Nyerere, who advocated for the institutions (official has taken a new trajectory in a it has wounded the decorum of the government system that is fierce fight against this monster and our country in the international and unofficial) by means functional, transparent, closer to cancerous disease of corruption arena. I am confident that, with of which its decisions that has engulfed the society the current political developments the people and implement their are made known and and eroded the moral fibre that in our country, the ANC led needs and demands “Let’s grow used to define and resonate with government is systematically and South Africa together, people’s implemented throughout our domestic and foreign policy gradually regaining its influence plan for a better life for all”. the country.”- Mwalimu features. and reputation internationally. I still maintain my personal view The ANC government is currently Julius Nyerere 13th that corruption is a societal problem, and decisively dealing with state Views contained in this article are October 1998 speech and it has to be rigorously fought capture. It is also correcting the personal views of the author and by all sections of the society in mess and corruption in the state- do not represent official positions on “Good governance every corner of the country. The owned enterprises. This is part of or policy of the ANC. for Africa”. ANC by virtue of being the leader building a “capable state” that 11 ANC Today

BOOK REVIEW When we cannot find Ourselves. African Gender Journals

re-eminent African and academics from the then and international feminist, Amina Mama, University of Natal, it positioned levels, and in an anniversary itself from the onset as feminist. deploying various edition of African Unlike Speak with its more popular strategies and Feminist in 2017 appeal, Agenda positioned itself forms. Little wrote about the need as “showcasing contributions of wonder that for African gender and feminist feminists, women authors, on they display journals.P “What happens to us gender equality and issues from gender politics when we cannot find ourselves, a feminist perspective, following ranging from our historical and present-day stringent academic criteria.” It the radically realities, or our ideas in research on is therefore also accredited as a subversive to Africa? What happens to us when peer review journal, important for the unashamedly what we do find is distorted by the feminist and women academics, conservative. perspectives and positionalities of though still very accessible. Gender politics others? The short answer is that Published quarterly, each Agenda in post-colonial we fish endlessly through oceans editions has a theme, covering Africa are deeply of indigestible texts...” local South African, Pan African contested, within She went on to say, “we either and/or global issues, ranging and beyond the lose sight of our conditions, or we from gender and climate change, minority who develop an appetite for something gender diversities in Africa, gender might name different, something feminist that and rurality, men and violence, to themselves as is African too.” Over the last mention but a few themes. Owing feminists.” three decades and more, African to funding issues, Agenda took This first edition gender journals thus emerged to a new direction in 2008, forming of Feminist feed this appetite. a partnership with UNISA Press Africa covered Speak magazine, started by the and Francis and Taylor online, and intellectual progressive women’s movement in is now mainly available online. contributions 1982, was formed “as a platform Feminist Africa, published by on knowledge for women to voice their opinions the African Gender Institute at production and and concerns about the future of the University of Cape Town had gender, as well women’s rights in South Africa.” (SA its first edition in 2002, focussing as interviews, History Online) Speak gave voice on “Intellectual Politics.’ In the reportage and that seeks to disseminate critical to women’s issues in the workplace, introductory editorial Amina book reviews. Over the years, information about Africa and the at home, in communities under Mama hails Feminist Agenda as around different themes, it covered African Diaspora. In its premiere apartheid, and made an important coming at a critical moment in the contemporary issues of the edition in 2001, it positions itself as contribution to recording women’s the continental history of gender continent, for example, on e-spaces giving space to theorise experiences struggles and movements during politics. She contextualised it as and e-politics; sexual identities; that are marginalised globally. There the 1980s. It boldly championed follow: “Three decades after the feminist engagements with film; land, are also quite a few journals who women’s reproductive issues, with development industry first began labour and gendered livelihoods; focus on national issues, within articles about menstrual cycles, to respond to the international militarism, conflict and women’s a pan-African context, such as contraceptives and abortion, at a resurgence of women’s movements, activism, to mention but a few the Ghanaian SIGADA (studies time when it was seen as rather of African gender politics have of the themes so ably covered. in gender and development in a taboo to mention these things. As become increasingly complex Back copies of the journal can Africa) which position itself as “a negotiations unfolded in the early and contradictory. Feminism, as a be found on the African Gender trans-disciplinary publication that 90s, it reported on women’s rights movement that is both global and Institute archives: http://www.agi. prioritizes gender as a development in an unfolding new dispensation, local, leaves little untouched. In ac.za/agi/feminist-africa/archive. issue,” and the Zimbabwean and the campaign for the second post-colonial contexts it presents SAFERE (Southern African Feminist Women’s Charter by the Women’s a praxis that directly opposes the There are other journals, Review, 1995-1999). However, the National Coalition. hegemonic interests of multinational increasingly and mainly online, African Journals Online, which Speak closed in 1994, and corporations, international financial started by feminist and women’s lists over eight hundred and fifty now exists as a Facebook page, and development agencies and organisations and networks. These African journals by country only sharing articles from this iconic nation-states, as well as the include the African Women’s includes three journals dedicated magazine and continuing to persisting male domination of Journal, published since 2015 by to gender and feminist themes, highlight feminist themes. The disparate traditional structures, Femnet. Femnet describes itself including Gender and Development full Speak collection of articles civil society formations and social as “a pan-African, membership- journal published in Nigeria. (1988-1994 can be accessed on movements. In African contexts, based feminist network based in SA History Online (https://www. feminism has emerged out of Nairobi with over 700 members Though few in number, and sahistory.org.za/collection/99609). women’s deep engagement with and across 46 African countries.” many struggling with resources, Another South African feminist commitment to national liberation, The biannual African Women’s the African gender and feminist journal, also started in Durban so it is hardly surprising that African Journal is but one of the resources journals provide an important is Agenda. It is published by women’s movements today feature they provide to their network of space for engaging with gender Agenda Feminist Media collective, in the disparate struggles and organisations. issues in a transdisciplinary with various collaborations over social movements characterising The Jenda journal, published manner, and give voice to the the years. Started in 1997 by post-colonial life. African women online by the African Knowledge diversity of experiences of African a group of feminists, students are mobilising at local, regional Project, is a US based organisation women. FPG 12 ANC Today 13 ANC Today

Pedestrian Safety RULES

More than half of all road traffic deaths are among Vulnerable road users: Pedestrians, Cyclists, and Motorcyclists.

Drinking alcohol and walking increases the risk of Mobile phones are a risky distraction, including with earphones, listening to loud accidents: alcohol and drugs impair your judgement, music, you can’t hear when someone warns you or hoots at you. Don’t drown so be careful when walking and you are drunk, ask out your environment when listening to music with your earbuds or headphones. someone sober to walk with you. Keep the volume at a level where you can still hear what’s going on around you.

Rapid response saves lives and reduces disability among the injured. Lives can be saved with timely Unsafe road design increases the care at the scene, and transport to hospital for emergency care. Bystanders can help to save lives risk for all road users. Roads should by calling emergency care system and if trained simple first-aid until professional help arrives. be designed for the safety of all road users. This means ensuring adequate facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Measures Don’t chat, text and game whilst walking: chatting, texting or playing games on such as footpaths, cycling lanes, your cell phone while walking is as dangerous, because you are not concentrating safe crossing points and traffic on your environment. You are less likely to recognize traffic danger, tripping calming measures are critical to hazards, or passing joggers and bikers. Potential criminals also see you as an reducing the risk of injury among easy target. these road users.

Be Aware of Stranger Danger: Street safety Walk Facing Traffic When Walking on the Side of the is a concern for many pedestrians. If you Road. can choose your route where there are If there is no sidewalk and you must walk people, and if you see someone suspicious, on the side of the road, choose the side where be prepared to take another way, avoid you are facing oncoming traffic. In South Africa, dark and open spaces, or go into a store or this is the right side of the road. This gives you public building to avoid them. Acting alert the best chance to see traffic approaching closest and aware, walk confidently can convince to you and take evasive action when needed. bad guys you are not an easy target.

Cross Safely. Your mother was right—you should look both ways before crossing any street. At intersections, cross only when the pedestrian crossing light is green or there are no cars. Even then, drivers and bikers may have a green light to turn and won’t be expecting you to be in the crosswalk. Make eye contact with any drivers who may be turning. Give them a wave. Make sure they see you. 14 ANC Today

Western Sahara Timeline 15 ANC Today

THIS WEEK IN HISTORY 23 – 29 March

23 MARCH 1984: 23 March 1988: for the rights of especially Afrikaner 25 March 2001: women in British concentration camps and later for the civil and political rights of women, published in her book Women and Labour. Schreiner passed on in 1920. One of her famous quotes: “There was never a great man who had not a great mother.”

End of the Battle of Cuito Guenavalle, which saw on Angolan 24 March 1961: soil, the epic battle between the South African apartheid forces, The inauguration of Pedestrian which backed UNITA, and the week (25-31 March) to raise Angolan government forces, awareness on pedestrian safety supported by the Cubans with issues. According to the UN, each over 300,000 troops. The battle year, over 270,000 pedestrians, and is regarded as the second largest in South Africa between 35-40% battle after the World Wars, and of road deaths are pedestrians. part of the apartheid government’s Contributing factors to these Border Wars started in 1966, for high figures, according to the which it conscripted white South Arrive Alive campaign, include Africans. The defeat of the South Ciskei is established as one drunk, distracted, reckless African Defence Force marked a of the bantustans, part of the pedestrians, poor visibility and turning point, forcing the apartheid apartheid government’s separate state of pavements. The Arrive regime to sign the Angolan peace development policy, which along Alive campaign includes educating accords in 1988. with the Land Acts of 1913 and children in school on road safety, 1923, and the Group Areas Act, and physical infrastructure to saw black people restricted to encourage safety such as wider 23 March 1960: ownership of 13% of the land. In pavements, traffic bumps, and 1972 Ciskei became a self-governing pedestrian bridges. territory with Zwelitsha as capital, and granted ‘independence’ in 1982. The Bantustan sytem was 26 March 1898: met with resistance from the onset, gaining momentum after the formation of the Border region of the United Democratic Front in 1983. Dorothy Nyembe, a leader of the Cato Manor protests was released from prison. She went 25 March 1807: on to become one of the leaders of the Natal Organisation of Women (NOW), an affiliate of the United Democratic Front (UDF). Before her imprisonment, she was a founder of the ANC Women’s League in PAC president, Robert Sobukwe Cato Manor in 1954, led the and national secretary, Kitchener Natal contingent of women to Leballo and eleven others charged the 1956 Women’s March to the with incitement to riot, following Hunting in the area now known as Union Buildings, became ANCWL anti-pass protests. the Kruger National Park banned Natal President in 1959 where through a proclamation by the she led the League in the potato The British Parliament passed then Zuid Afrikaanse Republic (the boycott against poor treatment 24 March 1855: the Abolition of the Slave Trade Boer republic of Transvaal). First of prisoners on farms. Dorothy Act, which outlaws the slave trade named the Sabie Game Reserve, Nyembe was amongst the first within the British empire, but not it was renamed after Paul Kruger Umkhonto we Sizwe recruits in slavery. An act abolishing slavery in 1926, and opened to the public 1961. Her release on 23 March was only passed in Britain in 1834. in 1927. The Kruger National Park 1984 came after sentenced to According to the UK government is the largest game reserve in 15 years in prison for harboring archives, 3.1 million African Africa, 19,633 km2 large. At last Umkhonto we Sizwe members. After slaves were transported to its count, it has 93 mammal, 518 bird the first democratic elections of various colonies in the Americas, and 118 reptile species, including 1994, she was one of the pioneer Caribbean and other countries, of the Big Five: Buffalos, elephants, Members of Parliament and one of Olive Schreiner, author of The which only 2.7 arrived alive over leopards, lions and rhinos and the the founding mothers and fathers Story of an African Farm, a South the 300 years of the slave trade. Little Five: antlions, eastern rock of the South African democratic African classic was born, growing London, Bristol and Liverpool elephant shrews, leopard tortoises, constitution. Mam Nyembe passed up in Cradock, E Cape. She was an were the most important ports red-billed buffalo weavers and on in 1998. anti-war campaigner, and fought for the British slave trade. rhino beetles 16 ANC Today

THIS WEEK IN HISTORY 23 – 29 March continued from page 1

26 March 1943: 27 March 1876: landing in Cape Town, where 29 March 1988. they were sold. The slave trade in the Cape colony officially lasted until 1822, with slaves captured from Angola, Ghana, India, Mozambique, Madagascar, and what is now known as Indonesia and Malaysia. When slavery was finally abolished in 1834 by the British, nearly 200 years later, the Cape had a population of over 38,000 slaves.

28 March 1996:

The Afrikaans newspaper, Die Burger, published the word “Apartheid” for the first time.

The Cape Times newspaper first 26 March 1956: day on the streets of Cape Town.

Dulcie September, ANC chief 27 March 1985: representative in France, Luxembourg and Switzerland is assassinated. An activist who dedicated her life to freedom, she was born on. 20 August 1953 in Athlone, Cape Tow.

29 March 1994:

Trevor Manuel appointed as first Sheiks Mutondi Makhado, black Finance minister, after the businessman and well-known resignation of Chris Liebenberg, leader in the area of Black a position he served from 1996- economic empowerment, is born in 2009). On the same day, the Johannesburg. He was executive Reconstruction and Development director of NAFCOC (1989-91) and (RDP) office in the Presidency is founder of the Retabile Group, with closed. stakes in telecommunications, A bus with 76 learners from airlines and casinos. Vorentoe High school, Johannesburg plunged into the Westdene dam, 28 March 1960. killing 42 learners. To this day, 26 March 1881: the cause of the accident is not known.

28 March 1658:

Thousands of Rwandan refugees fleeing violence in Burundi begin a two-day trek toward Tanzania. Reinhold Gregorowski is appointed In 1994, according to the UN High a judge in the Orange Free State The first 174 slaves arrived in Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), at the age of 25, making him the Cape Town in the Dutch East an estimated 1.3 million Rwandans youngest judge in SA history. Indian Company (VOC) ship, the fled genocide to eastern Zaire Judge Gregorowski delivered the Amersfoort. They were part of a Former ANC President Oliver (now the Democratic Republic death penalty in the Jameson contingent of 250 Angolan slaves Reginald Tambo leaves South Africa of the Congo, or DRC), and more Raids, and died in 1922. In 1999, originally destined for Brazil, but illegally on the instruction of the than half a million escaped to Leona Theron was appointed as stolen by the Amersfoort from the ANC to carry on work outside the Tanzania. Hundreds of thousands judge at the age of 33, making Portuegese slave traders. The country, returning only 30 years went back to Rwanda from both her the second youngest judge. rest died during the trip, before later in 1990. DRC and Tanzania in 1996. Source - SA History Online. 17 ANC Today

CROSSWORD VERBATIM

AFCON 1 2

34

5

6 7

8

9

10 2019 ANC ELECIONS MANIFESTO 11 We are building a capable

12 developmental state that has improved the lives

13 of millions our people. Few countries in the

14 world have succeeded in expanding vital services such as water, sanitation, electricity, roads and housing to so many Down Across 1. Top South African AFCON scorer people in such a short 5. How many goals scored by the top goal scorer 2. What does AFCON stands for across his AFCON career time. 3. Won AFCON as both player and coach from 10. Which country has emerged most often as Egypt (1959 as player, 1998 as coach) AFCON winner 4. Won AFCON as both player and coach 11. Which player scored the qualifying goal that from Nigeria (1994 as player, 2013 as coach) took South Africa to its first World Cup in 1998 6. Who scored the two qualifying goal that 12. Youngest player in an AFCON match was 16 made Bafana qualify for the next AFCON years old, Gabon vs SA in 2017 Finals, Gabonese 7. Top goal scorer for in AFCON tournaments 13. Country that hosted the most AFCON tournaments: 8. Which country did Bafana Bafana defeat 1959, 1974, 1986, 2006, 2019* in 1996. 14. How many times have Egypt won the AFCON title 9. Who was Bafana Bafana captain who lifted the AFCON trophy in 1996.

Word Bank Stephen Keshi Egypt Shiva NZigou Benni McCarthy Egypt African Cup of Phil Masinga seven Mahmoud El-Gohary Nations Percy Tau Samuel Eto’o Tunisia eighteen Neil Tovey

Maximum contributions of 600 words, in accesible language, in any South African language, adequately properly referenced. We reserve the right to edit.

[email protected] 18 ANC Today

BAROMETER

ANC Treasurer General Cde Paul Mashatile on a campaign trail GAUTENG 14 MARCH 2019 19 ANC Today in pictures