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Armine Abrahamyan Distribution Modeling and Population Ecology Of DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY Institute of Life Sciences and Technology ARMINE ABRAHAMYAN DISTRIBUTION MODELING AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF WILD MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. (LAMIACEAE) AND ORIGANUM VULGARE L. (LAMIACEAE) IN ARMENIA DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN BIOLOGY FOR THE SCIENTIFIC DEGREE (BRANCH: ECOLOGY) SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS: DR. AGR. ANDREAS MELIKYAN DR. BIOL. ARVIDS BARSEVSKIS Daugavpils 2015 Abrahamyan A. (2015): Distribution Modeling and Population Ecology of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in Armenia. Doctoral Dissertation in Biology.-Daugavpils University:1-128. Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Latvia. Type of work: Doctoral Dissertation in the branch of Biology, sub-branch of Ecology. The Doctoral Dissertation was prepared at Armenian National Agrarian University in 2007-2011 and at Daugavpils University in 2012-2014. The work was supported by EU European Social Fund, within the Project “Support for the implementation of doctoral studies at Daugavpils University” Agreement Nr. 2012/0004/1DP/1.1.2.1.2/11/IPIA/VIAA/011. Scientific advisors: Dr. sc. agr., Prof. Andreas Melikyan (Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia) Dr. biol., Prof. Arvīds Barševskis (Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia) Reviewers: Artūrs Škute, Dr. biol., prof., Daugavpils University, Latvia Ingrida Šaulienė, PhD., prof., Siauliai University, Lithuania Glen Clark Shinn, PhD., senior scientist, Texas A&M University, Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture, ASV The Chairman of the Promotion Council: Dr. biol., Prof. Arvīds Barševskis Commencement: Room 115, Parādes 1, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, at 12:00 pm on May 12, 2015. Secretary of the Promotion Council: Dr. biol. Jana Paidere, researcher at the Institute of Life Sciences and Technology of Daugavpils University. The Doctoral Thesis and it's summary are available at the library of Daugavpils University, Vienības street 13, Daugavpils and: http://www.du.lv/lv/zinatne/promocija/aizstavesanai_iesniegtie_promocijas_darbi. 2 Abrahamyan A. (2015): Distribution Modeling and Population Ecology of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in Armenia. Doctoral Dissertation in Biology.-Daugavpils University:1-128. TABLE OF THE CONTENTS Table of the contents..........................................................................................................................3 List of original papers........................................................................................................................4 List of thesis ......................................................................................................................................5 Approbation of the research results...................................................................................................6 Annotation..........................................................................................................................................8 Chapter I: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................9 1.1. Introduction and Theoretical Framework..............................................................................9 1.2. Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................................11 1.3. Novelty and Tasks of the Research.....................................................................................14 1.4. Hypothesis of the Research Work........................................................................................16 Chapter II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE..................................................................................17 2.1. Description of Definitions...................................................................................................17 2.2. Brief Description of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae).....................................................18 2.3. Brief Description of Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae).....................................................21 2.4. Potential Distribution of Wild Medicinal plants in Armenia...............................................24 2.5. Species Potential Distribution Modeling........................................................................... .28 2.6. The Applications of Species Potential Distribution Modeling........................................... 30 2.7. Algorithms for Modeling Plants’ Potential Distributions.....................................................35 2.8. Desktop GARP (Genetic algorithm)....................................................................................37 Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODS.........................................................................................39 3.1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................39 3.2. Eco-geographic Survey and Field Data collection............................................................... 40 3.3. Environmental Niche Modeling (ENM)...............................................................................45 3.4. Methods of Statistic Analysis of Data Processing................................................................57 Chapter IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIO .................................................................................58 4.1. Changes in Distribution of wild M. officinalis L. and O.vulgare L. Populations during the Last Decade in Armenia......................................................................................58 4.2. M. officinalis L. and O. vulgare L. Population’s Ecology and Dynamics............................65 4.3. Interdependent Effects of Habitat Factors and Climate on Population Dynamics of M. officinalis L. and O. vulgare L. Species in Armenia.................................75 4.4. Wild Melissa officinalis L. and Origanum vulgare L. Population’s Structure.....................91 4.5. Distribution Modeling of M. officinalis L. and O. vulgare L. in the RA..........................101 Chapter V: CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................111 ACKNOLEDGMENT......................................................................................................................115 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................116 3 Abrahamyan A. (2015): Distribution Modeling and Population Ecology of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in Armenia. Doctoral Dissertation in Biology.-Daugavpils University:1-128. LIST OF ORIGINAL PAPERS The results of this research work are published in the international scientific peer reviewed journals. The order of the authors’ names reflects their involvement in the paper. I. Abrahamyan, A., Barsevskis, A. & Melikyan, A. 2014. Populations Dynamics in Sizes of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) During the Last Decade in Armenia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Vol. 3(1): 21-26. II. Abrahamyan, A., Barsevskis, A., Crockett, S., & Melikyan, A. 2014. Distribution of Origanum vulgare L. and Population Dynamics during the Last Decade in Armenia. Journal of Life Sciences Vol. 8(8): 690-698; doi: 10.17265/1934-7391/2014.08.007 III. Abrahamyan, A., & Barsevskis, A. 2013. Environmental Niche Modeling with Desktop GARP for Wild Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in Armenia. Proceeding of the 9th International Scientific and Practical Conference “Environment, Technology, Resources”. Rezekne, Latvia, Vol. (III): 7-11. IV. Abrahamyan, A. 2012. Wild Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) Populations’ Distribution Modeling in Armenia. Proceeding of International Young Scholars scientific-practical conference “A challenging opportunity and time: problems, solutions and perspectives”. Rezekne, Latvia, Vol. (I):144-146. V. Abrahamyan, A. 2011. Changes in Distribution and Structure of Wild Melissa officinalis L. Populations during the Last Decade in Armenia and Implications for Conservation. Proceeding of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference “Environment, Technology, Resources”. Rezekne, Vol. (II): 321-324. VI. Abrahamyan A. 2012. Wild Melissa officinalis L. Populations’ Distribution Modeling in Armenia. Proceeding of the 16th International Scientific and Practical Conference “Human. Environment. Technology”. Rezekne, Latvia, Vol. (I):11-16. 4 Abrahamyan A. (2015): Distribution Modeling and Population Ecology of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) and Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) in Armenia. Doctoral Dissertation in Biology.-Daugavpils University:1-128. LIST OF THESIS I. Abrahamyan1 A., Barsevskis2 A. & Melikyan3 A. 2013. Impact of Climate Change and Habitat Loss on Wild Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) Populations Extinction in the Republic of Armenia. „55th International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University”, Daugavpils, Latvia. Abstract Book: pp6-7. II. Abrahamyan1 A., Barsevskis2 A. 2013. Potential Distribution of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in Armenia for Conservation Practices. 1thMediterranean Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Gazimagosta, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Abstract Book: pp340. III. Abrahamyan1 A., Barsevskis1 A. & Melikyan2 A. 2013. Populations Dynamics in Sizes of Wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) for the Last Decade
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