DOCSLIB.ORG

History of the Aero Vodochody L-29 Delfin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of the Aero Vodochody L-29 Delfin THE FULL STORY OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL JET TRAINERS IN AVIATION HISTORY "'l l',, , l) ),i t{ i ll /ii,, I i il ll^, i' : '', ;i I AERO 1.39 ALBATROS 4 /: ,- ond fomily D A IN ASSOCIATION WITH ,t.? ,,, 'li'r',' .1,. ,. t; ,1 E t^ --- D>-=_ q;.*_.._. ----\- THE FIRST TURBOFAN TRAINER DIAMONDS IN THE SIff The L-39 is born L-39 Aerobotic teoms ARMED AND ADVANCED A TRAINER FOR THE WORLD o?o) o):=4 The L-39 in globol oir forces ari v': Developing the breed o: O: g) .A EU):v n5r-m ;gs$e :: -vr o) - .), 5r -nlEc^ 'A -o)-- t -)-.lf Walter Aero Engines, atJinonice in Prague, was mass producing jet engines and both the the early evolution of jet propulsion. F or rnilitary operators, these aircraft also The L-29 - Aero's first brought with them a new set of operational problems, one of which was in the training of jet pilots. At the tirne, pilots began flying simple trainer piston engined aircraft as had always been the By case, this basic flying stage eliminating those the mid-195os milit ary training aircraftwere students who lacked the aptitude for flight. predominantly piston engined, yet the air forces From here, more complex aircraft would be used for advanced training, many of these being of the world were largely equipped or steadily powerful piston engined tailwheel aircraft re-equipping with jet aircraft. It became apparent sirnilar to those that hacl been used in the Second World War, such as the T-6 in the US, that an efficient jet powered trainer was both Balliol in the UK and Yak-11 in the Soviet Union a priority a the latter also being built under licence by Let and necessity, one Aero was ideally in Czechoslovakia. Then, those students with placed to fill. the aptitude for fighters would begin training on the few two seat jet aircraft that existed at the time, all of which were converted fighters such as the T:33, the Meteor T Mk.7 and the MiG 15UTI. That last transition was the problem, moving from tailwheel piston aircraft to nosewheel jet types was a tremendous jump requiring additional hours of flyingjust to introduce the basic handling of the new aircrafl. The tailwheel piston trainers required a very different set of flying ski11s to those needed by the jets and those tailwheel skil1s would never be needed by the students again, \ making them an anachronism in a modern air '-- force, and a costly one at that, in terms of both time and money. -- It was quickly realised that what was neede: was a simple, reliable jet trainer, one that was cheap to operate and maintain, to replace the more advanced piston engined trainers. If this new trainer could also carrv out more advance: 1 I I .:4 T t>-= 1 l I :-cprototypewosthefirstto{|y,buipoweredbyoBristolsidd|e|eyASV-8Viper.Note TOM-8 wqs bY the greoteriwe"6 to trb leoding edge of the fin os well os the rounded ABOVE: The Produced .creen ond tne o zkuiebni letecky 0stov' VZLU or chonge iri lhe production oircroft' Pqvel Kudeto Vvzkumnv : oll of which would Aeronoulicol Reseorch ond Tesl Institute in 1 956. Editor's collection - : XLE- l 0 troiner prolotype. Ediior's collection which provccl unreliablc irttcl again t1-rc projcct oI tliis stage In 1956, auother attempt to producc an ,lso tt:r1ttce the cost thc nccd for' traitrer was tlade when thc TOM 8 was clroppccl. By this tinre however, lts ircligenr,rtrs prclilnilary the Vyzhuniny a zhu5c$ni a jet tlaincr hacl bceu t'ealisecl and -, iLt vcrsions o[ l-Jre f ighters could was prorltrt:ecl1ty Rescarch stuclies resulLed irr the MNO issuiug a ' rnlY lbr ollerational convcrsiotl letcclrl; irstav, YZI 'll or Acrotlatttical body for spcci[ication ftrr such atr ait'cralt in lhc sr:cortcl tlrisc or sinrilar tYPcs A basic and'l'cst IlstilLttc, thc tnatlagcttrtllt thc' ccnLritl desi.qtl agctrcY halI oI l95ir : LIr itrtcntrtrcliatc capabilitics 'l'lrr: tt:an undcr chit:1' 'l'lrc 'l'O\'l ,9 tr:rs br thi' 2l)01r1r unitct'l design ()L o lliill(o training a nlttch lloivt'r.ct1 lljlot Zdcndl< Itublit arttl Kttrtrl 'lirnrh3 beg^atl ) T'r':Lga I)ot'is \l'2()iiC LlrLt srr lli:torl errgilrc rlcsigrtcl :ll l)focOss, rerdttt:ittg the Ilying ' ,'d irnd the cos1, llol to mcntiott thtr tltt' sttrdents thetlsclvcs ,lisittion was to lt:acl to thc . t ol blsic jet 1l'aiucrs wor'ldwicle In ('essna'I)l|7 wou1t1 cuttrt gt: 1 oward .hc 1950s, whcrcas il tlrt: UI(, a given -itrt:rl lraincr was l'tl clttgitri:d and Lt ttdcrcat'ria.gc [o bctr-rlrte 1 he.l c:t . - Itc Sovit:L UttioLr was also iulcreslccl , e lo;ttttctt I oI strch iL 1 ypel atlcl th rr:cl ., s rvoLLltl llrodttct: l)rotolyl)cs lor a Y, ion hLld in 1961 ,-f;i€s{r ,i llrest: was Aelo's f irsl jct tlcsigtr, btrt ol- lhtr ztircrall wns to llcgirl tlrtrcll i is o very eorly production The Aero L-2g on disploy in ihe Progue Aeronquticol Museum Ir i950, the l\{NO was looltirtg [o rcltl:Lce ABOVE: fitted to the foiring ol the top oircro{t wilh the nose 1nountLa ionding ligit ond the pitot stotic tube ,11o Ar lXi pistol ettgitlccl Lrititlt:r, l<nown of the fin Edilor t 2 in Czt:cl-roslovahiir, witlt it rrtore ;r versiotr 'f hc closiglr lcittrls oI Avia ancl rcspondecl to tllis re<1uilr:nrt:trt wilh twtr .r.aircral.t, thc XLll 10 iLrrd tlre Xl,A l-r4' :rrrvclecl by thtr 580lrp M 4l1ll, a licence t ctsiotr oI Llrtr Argtrs As 411 I lrc ct:nl-riL]iscd clesign agcncy zLlso incltrdcd :rnrurt pLotrtlype worl<shop wlticll was rild botlr a!rcrllt, neitl're r ol.which was ctcd for pt'odttt:tion cluc ttt pcrlor tllallce -- rr's. I}oth desigtr tearns attcrllr|-ctl to rcsolve , se issr.tcrs irr 1951 by rc cugiuirrg their aircralt ' ih t he 700hp Wrlter M-'146 V12 engine to ,rrluce thc Avia XLll 110 antl I-ctov Xl,A 1ll4' iLl to no avail ancl thc pt'ojecls were clroppc:cl. Orc oI Acro's tcst pilots dtrling^ the Sccond \lrlcl WzLr, Karel VLrr6k, was killed in a lorccd :Lnclilg whiie lesting the XLil 110 or Deccmbcr .l 1951, when the craul<shalt in the rclatively Lntested M-446 blohe In orcier to lullil the .r'zrining recgirenreut, the Let factory at Iiunovice built the Yakll uncler licence as the C 11, over 700 being built for the Czechoslovak .\ir Force and lor cxport beginning in 1953 ABOVE RIGF[]I: One ot lhe L-29 protolvpes seen during flight testing ot the VZLU' fitfed ed wilh oddilionql probes ond oir dotq sensors to fully evoluote ihe oircrqft ond ils sysiems. Povel Kucerq RIGHT: The first L-29 powe]ed by lhe Motorlet d M-701 turboj now with fhe oroduction s PY, fin ond reor lr fuseloge. Fo The Aer-, L + :*'\5 SD- 0D3 AB@VE At'ID RIIGFIT: Two views of lhe third prototype L-29, 0003, os il oppeored ot Monino comporotive neor Moscow in Augustr ond september r 96r for the friqls lo seleci fhe nexi jel lroiner f,or the Sovief Air force. Fovti mrcero wolhing on Ploject C-29 as it was knowu, basing lb colrect this, an electrical linhage wrs issuecl i tl.re design n a clevelopment contract, No 03708 on rhr: 19601b (8.8hN) of rhrust_ prtvided betwceu the Ilaps and thc tailplanc clatcd February 1, 1957. 1'hesc available lrorr thc'Motorlet M-201 highly which was As tlie flaps were lowerccl or raisecl to tlteir. 'l'Lrc clctailed speci fications i rrcluded tLre requir.e:cl then in developnrcnt engitrt: was intenclecl 1ba cl pcrlorrratrce paranretc:rs [or- 1]re new trainer. spccilicaliy fol thc C-29 pr-oject arcl was the taill anrl listcd thc equilllent fi rst jet cngi no to bc dcsiglccl llte air-cr.a ft was to bc iLncl proclucerl ) c0ll ir Czcchoslovakia. Iittcd with, Llly i recl It was irt tlris poirrt that ljre C 29 pr.ojcct A sirrgle shall ct:ntrifrrgiLl turbojet, llie M-701 fi rst iLt tllctcd t lic oIIici:Li i ntt:rest ol' thc Sovict wtLs l-irst lun in gt.ouncl triirls il 1g58 bclore 'l'hc plcssurised twin cbchpits werc litLccl Airlior', :rs iI rvasalso Joolring bcing tcst Ilowrr in an Ilyrrshin forabiLsicji:l IL 28 testlterl with ejccl.or seiLts uncler irrclividual canoltics in l)ecc'nrber-1959 traincr-, rt nror-c of tliis later'. Likc tlrc ain:riLfl it wrrs tlral corrkl bc jcl-tisoncd '1'lrc by silrplr: pncunirLIic l.ir.stjc1 irir-cra[l tlcsigned in irrtendr:d Io lrowcr, thc engine wrts clesig.rrctl to pistons l.1ial laiscd thcir lcacling edg.e illo tlrc CzecIroslov:Llria nrade /l: sirrltlt: zrnd reli:Ll;lc, prcciscJy its nraickl fligb1 1he ltirilruhs slipsLlearl. Onc urrtLsual lctLtLrr ol-tJic crrr,lipit. lronr l(bi:ly air'field on April S, ll)5t), in the rurosL nrcltrired in:L tr.aiucr-.'l'he C_29 clLrickly took wasthczrbilily ol tltc ;1.' ilstr-Lrctt il lltc r.r:lr..r,iLl lr rLncls ul lest pilot Jl Lrdol I I)uchoir shzL;rc as a sl raiglr t. ])uc to w ingctl aircrall. w il lt a lo lurn oI varirxrs syslcnts in t]rr'Ir(,lL r.,)e li )iI clt'vclopnront clclays tlte M 701 cngi nc was lrot [:ril.and a nraxirluni wcigLt ol 66001b (l]000kg) tt'sti ' lg the sltrtlcrrt ltv sirtLrlir i r r l.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Military Helicopters 2015-16 Market Report Contents
    GLOBAL MILITARY HELICOPTERS 2015-16 MARKET REPORT CONTENTS MARKET OVERVIEW 2 MILITARY HELICOPTER KEY REQUIREMENTS 4 EUROPE 5 NORTH AMERICA 10 LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 12 AFRICA 15 ASIA-PACIFIC 16 MIDDLE EAST 21 WORLD MILITARY HELICOPTER HOLDINGS 23 EUROPE 24 NORTH AMERICA 34 LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 36 AFRICA 43 ASIA-PACIFIC 49 MIDDLE EAST 59 EVENT INFORMATION 65 Please note that all information herein is subject to change. Defence IQ endeavours to ensure accuracy wherever possible, but errors are often unavoidable. We encourage readers to contact us if they note any need for amendments or updates. We accept no responsibility for the use or application of this information. We suggest that readers contact the specific government and military programme offices if seeking to confirm the reliability of any data. 1 MARKET OVERVIEW Broadly speaking, the global helicopter market is currently facing a two- pronged assault. The military helicopter segment has been impacted significantly by continued defense budgetary pressures across most traditional markets, and a recent slide in global crude oil prices has impacted the demand for new civil helicopters as well as the level of activity for existing fleets engaged in the offshore oil & gas exploration sector. This situation has impacted industry OEMs significantly, many of which had been working towards strengthening the civil helicopter segment to partially offset the impact of budgetary cuts on the military segment. However, the medium- to long-term view of the market is promising given the presence of strong fundamentals and persistent, sustainable growth drivers. The market for military helicopters in particular is set to cross a technological threshold in the form of next-generation compound helicopters and tilt rotorcraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Military & Defense
    Power Air Cables Hoses MILITARY & DEFENSE ITW GSE Equipment and Accessories Reliable Technology for Military & Defense Applications THE SMART CHOICE ITW GSE leads the industry in ground support YOU CAN RELY ON US equipment for fighter aircraft. We provide ITW GSE’s manufacturing processes are equipment and accessories with the latest in streamlined to ensure homogeneous products technology and innovation including clean and based on quality components. Therefore, we can green battery powered units. offer highly reliable products and fast delivery ITW GSE has supported military and defense times. Prior to shipment, all units are fully tested applications worldwide for more than 50 years toand inspected to ensure you are receiving the include the most advanced fighter platforms suchoptimum quality. as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, F-16 Falcon, F-18 Hornet, F-15 Eagle, F-22A Raptor, the T-50 and C-130 and more. We also supply equipment for UAV and UAS. Our products are dependable, of high quality, easy to operate and maintain. MILITARY STANDARDS WITH As an ITW company (Illinois Tool Works Inc.), we MAXIMUM PERSONAL SAFETY have a unique way of doing business, and financial Our units meet and exceed MIL-STD-704E and they strength you can depend on. At our core is the can operate under harsh climatic conditions - from talent and dedication of our people. We focus on the very cold surroundings in Alaska till the hot what we do best, and we strive to do it better than conditions of the Middle East. They can be equipped anyone else. We share knowledge, and we learn with military interlock and other features as well.
    [Show full text]
  • World Air Forces Flight 2011/2012 International
    SPECIAL REPORT WORLD AIR FORCES FLIGHT 2011/2012 INTERNATIONAL IN ASSOCIATION WITH Secure your availability. Rely on our performance. Aircraft availability on the flight line is more than ever essential for the Air Force mission fulfilment. Cooperating with the right industrial partner is of strategic importance and key to improving Air Force logistics and supply chain management. RUAG provides you with new options to resource your mission. More than 40 years of flight line management make us the experienced and capable partner we are – a partner you can rely on. RUAG Aviation Military Aviation · Seetalstrasse 175 · P.O. Box 301 · 6032 Emmen · Switzerland Legal domicile: RUAG Switzerland Ltd · Seetalstrasse 175 · P.O. Box 301 · 6032 Emmen Tel. +41 41 268 41 11 · Fax +41 41 260 25 88 · [email protected] · www.ruag.com WORLD AIR FORCES 2011/2012 CONTENT ANALYSIS 4 Worldwide active fleet per region 5 Worldwide active fleet share per country 6 Worldwide top 10 active aircraft types 8 WORLD AIR FORCES World Air Forces directory 9 TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT FLIGHTGLOBAL INSIGHT AND REPORT SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES, CONTACT: Flightglobal Insight Quadrant House, The Quadrant Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, UK Tel: + 44 208 652 8724 Email:LQVLJKW#ÁLJKWJOREDOFRP Website: ZZZÁLJKWJOREDOFRPLQVLJKt World Air Forces 2011/2012 | Flightglobal Insight | 3 WORLD AIR FORCES 2011/2012 The French and Qatari air forces deployed Mirage 2000-5s for the fight over Libya JOINT RESPONSE Air arms around the world reacted to multiple challenges during 2011, despite fleet and budget cuts. We list the current inventories and procurement plans of 160 nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Three-.Cwk
    Reading 3: Six-Day War THE BATTLES BEGIN Because Israel feared fighting on three fronts (Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian), and because it preferred that fighting take place in Arab rather than Israeli territory, Israel decided to strike first. On the morning of June 5 the Israeli air force attacked Egypt, the largest force in the region. The timing of the attack, 8:45 AM, was designed to catch the maximum number of Egyptian aircraft on the ground and to come when the Egyptian high command was stuck in traffic between homes and military bases. The Israeli aircraft took evasive measures to elude Egyptian radar and approached from directions that were not anticipated. The surprise was complete. Within hours of the strike, the Israelis, who focused their attacks on military and air bases, had destroyed 309 of the 340 total combat aircraft belonging to the Egyptians. Israeli ground forces then moved into the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip, where they fought Egyptian units. Egyptian casualties were heavy, but Israel suffered only minimal casualties. War was not far behind on Israel’s eastern front. Israel had conveyed a message to King Hussein of Jordan asking him to stay out of the conflict, but on the first morning of the war Nasser called Hussein and encouraged him to fight. Nasser reportedly told Hussein that Egypt had been victorious in the morning’s fighting—an illusion the Egyptian public believed for several days. At 11:00 AM Jordanian troops attacked the Israeli half of Jerusalem with mortars and gunfire and shelled targets in the Israeli interior.
    [Show full text]
  • The Six-Day War: Israel's Strategy and the Role of Air Power
    The Six-Day War: Israel’s Strategy and the Role of Air Power Dr Michael Raska Research Fellow Military Transformations Program [email protected] Ponder the Improbable Outline: • Israel’s Traditional Security Concept 1948 – 1967 – 1973 • The Origins of the Conflict & Path to War International – Regional – Domestic Context • The War: June 5-10, 1967 • Conclusion: Strategic Implications and Enduring Legacy Ponder the Improbable Israel’s Traditional Security Concept 1948 – 1967 – 1973 תפישת הביטחון של ישראל Ponder the Improbable Baseline Assumptions: Security Conceptions Distinct set of generally shared organizing ideas concerning a given state’s national security problems, reflected in the thinking of the country’s political and military elite; Threat Operational Perceptions Experience Security Policy Defense Strategy Defense Management Military Doctrine Strategies & Tactics Political and military-oriented Force Structure Operational concepts and collection of means and ends Force Deployment fundamental principles by through which a state defines which military forces guide their and attempts to achieve its actions in support of objectives; national security; Ponder the Improbable Baseline Assumptions: Israel is engaged in a struggle for its very survival - Israel is in a perpetual state of “dormant war” even when no active hostilities exist; Given conditions of geostrategic inferiority, Israel cannot achieve complete strategic victory neither by unilaterally imposing peace or by military means alone; “Over the years it has become clear
    [Show full text]
  • Back from the Wilderness Back from the Wilderness
    Back from the Wilderness Back from the Wilderness IBYA HAS struggled to maintain a credible involve Libya militarily in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Building an air force air arm through four turbulent decades. After the young officers, led by Gaddafi, usurped Even prior to the last US and British troops leaving LAfter World War Two, the then Libyan Air the Idris regime, the new rulers had to look for Libya, before March 1970, Gaddafi opened Force (LAF) was just a small organisation, fresh sources of military equipment. Pursuit of negotiations with France for large amounts of although both the United States Air Force and British and US materiel would have been viewed new equipment. Royal Air Force regularly deployed aircraft to the as hypocritical, resulting in domestic and Arab The LAF was subsequently renamed Libyan Arab country. criticism as both nations were regarded as hostile Republic Air Force (LARAF), and then came a deal with After oil was discovered in 1959 Libya, then to Arab interests...and because of their support the French Government for a considerable amount one of the world’s poorest countries, became for Israel. of aircraft, support equipment, spares and weapons extremely wealthy. Generally, the West enjoyed Gaddafi demanded that Wheelus AFB be closed were purchased. The largest and most important of a warm relationship with Libya, with the US and its facilities immediately turned over to the these agreements was the order for approximately pursuing policies to aid its operations from Libyan people. While the US wished to retain 110 Dassault Mirage V fighter-bombers.
    [Show full text]
  • India-Egypt Bilateral Relations
    India-Egypt Bilateral Relations India and Egypt, two of the world’s oldest civilizations, have enjoyed a history of close contact since ancient times. Ashoka’s edicts refer to his relations with Egypt under Ptolemy-II. In modern times, Mahatma Gandhi and Saad Zaghloul shared common goals on the independence of their countries, a relationship that was to blossom into an exceptionally close friendship between Gamal Abdel Nasser and Jawaharlal Nehru, leading to a Friendship Treaty between the two countries in 1955. Political Relations India and Egypt share close political understanding based on long history of contacts and cooperation on bilateral, regional and global issues. The joint announcement of establishment of diplomatic relations at Ambassadorial level was made on 18 August 1947. Both countries have cooperated on multilateral fora and were the founding members of Non-Aligned Movement. There is a new momentum in our relations and a shared desire to take it to a higher level. After the new government led by President Sisi took over in June 2014, EAM Smt Sushma Swaraj paid a visit to Cairo in August 2015 and met President Sisi, Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry (and also met the Secretary General of League of Arab States. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi met President Sisi on the sidelines of UNGA, New York in September 2015. President Mukherjee and Prime Minister Modi met President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi during the 3rd India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi in October 2015. President Sisi paid a State visit to India in September 2016 accompanied by Mr. Sameh Shoukry, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Air Superiority Battle I N the Middle East, 1967-1973 Clarence E. Olschner, 111, MAJ, WAF U.S. Army Command and General Staf
    The Air Superiority Battle in the Middle East, 1967-1973 Clarence E. Olschner, 111, MAJ, WAF U.S. Army Command and General STaff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Final report 9 June 1978 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. A Master of Military Art and Science thesis presented to the faculty of the U.S. Army Couunand and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 MASTER OF MILITAQY ART AND SCIENCE THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Name of candidate a Title of thesis The Air Superiority Battle in the Middle East, 1967-1973 , Research Advisor , Member, Graduate Faculty Member, Consulting Faculty 1978 by , Dir1 ctor, Master of Military Art and Science. Thc opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the individual student author and do not necessarily represent the views of either the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to this study should include the foregoinq statement.) ii ABSTRACT THE AIR SUPERIORITY BATTLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST 1967-1973 by Major Clarence E. Olschner, 111, WAF', 103 pages This paper is an historical study of the strategy, tactics, and weapons employed by Israel, Egypt, and Syria in the battle for air superiority from 1967 through 1973. The study is developed chronologically beginning with the 1967 War, through the War of Attrition, and ending with the cease-fire in the 1973 War. It has been compiled from an extensive re- view of unclassified, primarily secondary, unofficial sources. The paper concludes that, in a mid-intensity war with modern air forces and air defense forces: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Issue No 3 – January 1988 Committee Members
    PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Issue No 3 – January 1988 Committee Members Chairman: Air Marshal Sir Frederick B Sowrey KCB CBE AFC General Secretary: B R Jutsum FCIS Membership Secretary: Group Captain H Neubroch OBE FBIM Treasurer: A S Bennell MA BLitt Programme Air Commodore J G Greenhill FBIM Sub-Committee: *Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA Air Commodore A G Hicks MA CEng MIERE MRAeS T C G James CMG MA Publications S Cox BA MA Sub Committee: A E F Richardson P G Rolfe ISO Members: P G Cooksley ACP ARHistS *Group Captain M van der Veen MA CEng MIMechE MIEE MBIM *M A Fopp MA MBIM * ex-officio members 1 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors concerned, and are not neces s arily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society or any member of the Committee. We are indebted to ROLLS-ROYCE plc for contributing to the cost of this issue. Copyright © Royal Air Force Historical Society, 1988. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form whatsoever is prohibited, without express written permission from the General Secretary of the Society. 2 CONTENTS Page 1. A message from the Chairman 4 2. Editor’s Notes 5 3. Suez, 1956 - Air Aspects Introduction 9 Setting the Scene 10 The View from Whitehall 16 The Scene at the Air Ministry 20 The Planners’ Perspective 26 First Discussion Period 35 Map and charts 43 Command of the Operation 47 A Squadron Commander’s Viewpoint 51 Second Discussion Period 56 An Appraisal of the Air Campaign 61 Third Discussion Period 64 Conclusion 72 4 Book Reviews 74 The Friendly Firm Christmas Island Cracker 5 Two more profiles of Committee Members 76 6.
    [Show full text]
  • SOURCING AIR SUPREMACY: DETERMINANTS of CHANGE in the INTERNATIONAL FIGHTER JET NETWORK a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty
    SOURCING AIR SUPREMACY: DETERMINANTS OF CHANGE IN THE INTERNATIONAL FIGHTER JET NETWORK A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Raymond K. Rounds III, M.P.P. Washington, D.C. April 3, 2019 Copyright 2019 by Raymond K. Rounds III All Rights Reserved ii SOURCING AIR SUPREMACY: DETERMINANTS OF CHANGE IN THE INTERNATIONAL FIGHTER JET NETWORK Raymond K. Rounds III, M.P.P. Thesis Advisor: Andrew Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT International arms transfers stand at the intersection of security studies and international political economy. They are not simply economic exchanges or transfers in goods, but a crucial part of larger state-to-state relationships. This project investigates fighter aircraft, the single largest segment of the international arms network, to better understand what drives change in these transfer relationships. Most states are unable to indigenously produce fighter jets and are dependent upon one of a very few producers for sourcing their fighter fleets. Because of the large creation costs and path dependent characteristics of these sourcing relationships, changing them comes only at great economic and operational military expense for the importers. Despite these high costs, change does occur; this project explains why. Using a newly coded dataset of international fighter aircraft transfers and descriptive network analysis, I demonstrate, counter to much of the arms trade literature, the fighter jet transfer network has become more centralized following the Cold War, not less. I use this analysis as a foundational platform for the primary research question: under what conditions are states willing to accept the high economic and military costs associated with sourcing change? I propose a typological theory incorporating six independent variables and generating five hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq and the War with Iran
    Disclaimer This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views ex- pressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared for public release. ii Contents Chapter Page ABSTRACT v IRAN-IRAQ AIR WAR CHRONOLOGY vii ABOUT THE AUTHOR ix INTRODUCTION xi Notes xiii 1 ORGANIZATION 1 Origins of the Ba'athist Movement 1 Iraqi Military Political Involvement 2 Organization of the Air Force 3 Organizational Summary 5 Notes 6 2 TRAINING 7 Importance of Training 7 Public Education in Iraq 8 Iraqi Military Training 9 Foreign Training 10 The Training Factor 11 Notes 13 3 EQUIPPING 14 Expanding the Military in Iraq 14 Growth of the Iraqi Air Force 15 Iraq's Money Supply 17 Problems of Acquisition 18 Notes 20 4 EMPLOYMENT. 21 Prewar Air Power Balance 22 Start of the War 22 Air Power in the First Two Years 25 Export War 27 Targeting Iran's Will 33 Air Support of the Army 37 Summary of Iraqi Air Combat 41 Notes 42 iii Chapter Page 5 CONCLUSION 45 Failure of the Iraqi Air Force 45 Limits of Third World Air Power 46 Alternatives to a Large Air Force 46 The Future 48 BIBLIOGRAPHY 49 Illustrations Figure 1 Iraqi Air Force Growth (Combat Aircraft) 16 2 Average Oil Exports 18 3 Iraqi Military Expenditures (Current Dollars) 19 4 Key Targets of the Tanker War 28 5 Effects of the Tanker War on Iranian Oil Exports 30 6 Geographic Extent of the Land War 38 iv Abstract The Iraqi Air Force failed to live up to its prewar billing during Operation Desert Storm.
    [Show full text]
  • June 28, 1967 the Visit of the Czechoslovak President's Special Envoy, V
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified June 28, 1967 The Visit of the Czechoslovak President's Special Envoy, V. Koucki, to the UAR Citation: “The Visit of the Czechoslovak President's Special Envoy, V. Koucki, to the UAR,” June 28, 1967, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Narodni Archiv [National Czech Archive, Prague], AUV KSC, f. Antonin Novotni (II), Box 93, folder 49. Obtained and translated by Guy Laron. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112572 Summary: The document summarizes Czechoslovak Politburo Secretary Vladimir Koucki's conversations with UAR President Gamal A. Nasser, Vice President Zakaria Muhi al-Din,and Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Secretary Ali Sabri during his visit to the UAR. The conversations concerned the Arab-Israeli War of 1967 and the UAR's military and economic situation. Koucki draws three conclusions about the UAR's position, mentioning pressure from internal and external reactionary forces and the lagging national economy. The appendix contains a report on military issues raised during a conversation between the commander of the UAR armed forces, General Muhammad Fawzi, and General Miroslav Smoldash of the Czech delegation. Koucki attributes Egypt's defeat in the war to technical and tactical weaknesses of the military leadership. He recommends that Czech cooperation with the UAR include economic support, military training, and delivery of military equipment. Original Language: Czech Contents: English Translation Following the Czechoslovak Communist Party's Politburo decision of 20 June 1967, Valdimir Koucki [Secretary of the CZCP Politburo] visited June the UAR on 26-28. Accompanying him were Major General M. Shmoldas, the representative of the Czech Chief of Staff, [Frantishek] Langer, the representative of the Foreign Trade Ministry and the head of the Special Technical Service, J.
    [Show full text]