THE VENETUS T OF

BY

G. J. BOTER

Codex Venetus Marcianus graecus App. Class. IV, 1, which bears the siglum T, consists of four parts 1). The oldest part contains Plato's tetralogies I-VII completely, and tetr. VIII 1,2, breaking of suddenly at Rep. III 389d7. The rest of the Republic is added by a fifteenth-century hand; Timaeus has been added by Caesar Strategus and Timaeus Locrus et alia by joannes Rhosus, both at the end of the fifteenth century. The oldest part is the subject of this paper. * There are two problems concerning the old part of T, its age and its exemplar. The old official catalogue in the Biblioteca Marciana attributes T to the twelfth century, and this dating is accepted by many scholars2). Others have assumed that T is older3). Recently, A. Diller has published a note on T4), in which he submits that T has been written by Ephraim Monachus, who was active as a scribe in the middle of the tenth century. Diller mentions four mss. which bear his subscription; in the Biblioteca Marciana, I have compared one of these, namely Marcianus 201, which contains 's Organon s) , with T, and after a careful examination I believe that the

1) For a brief description of T, see E. R. Dodds, Plato Gorgias(Oxford 1959), 37f. For fuller information see M. Schanz, Uberden Platocodex in der Markusbibliothek in Venedig(Leipzig 1877), passim, esp. pp. 1-6; W. W. Waddell, The Parmenidesof Plato (Glasgow 1894), cxxii-cxxv. 2) Among others E. Chambry, Platon, La République(Paris 1932-4), tome 1, cxli f.; Dodds, l.c.; N. G. Wilson, 16 (1962), 392, n. 237; E. Mioni, BibliothecaeDivi Marci Venetiarumcodices graeci manuscripti,vol. 1, part 2 ( 1972), 199. 3) M. Schanz, RhM 33 (1878), 303 and others. 4) CPh 75 (1980), 322-4. 5) A specimen of this ms. can be found in L. Th. Lefort and J. Cochez, PalaeografischAlbum (Leuven 1932), plate 34 ( = fol. 102v); Marcianus 201 is dated A.D. 954 by Ephraim. 103 attribution to Ephraim is fully justified 6). Therefore, T can be con- fidently dated to about 950. I now turn to the second problem, the exemplar of T. After Menexenus, the last dialogue of the seventh tetralogy, T has a subscription Tou a' ?3c?3?iou.This indicates that the exemplar of T was a two-volume edition of Plato. Now Parisinus 1807 (siglum A, written about 875) contains tetr. VIII and IX, and evidently is the second volume of such an edition. Moreover, in both A and T Clitophon is numbered xS", which points to a complete edition. Fur- ther, in Clit. 7) and Rep. I-III 389d7 T agrees very closely with A, so closely that the hypothesis of Jordan 8) that T is a direct transcript of A has been accepted by most scholars9). Others10), however, have drawn attention to the fact that T has some which do not figure in A, and that, moreover, in some cases T offers the apparently right reading in a scholion where A is wrong. These scholars conclude that because of these divergencies in the scholia T cannot derive from A. Further, A. C. Clark 11) notices that T has hardly any omissions of about 22 letters, the

6) Diller, o.c., 323, says that Ephraim's script is "not strongly individual", but he sees "no sign contra" in T. However, T and Marcianus 201 agree even in the smallest details, such as ligatures, the forms of individual letters in different posi- tions, the forms of breathings and accents and the like; the ink of the mss. has almost the same colour, although the ink of Marc. 201 is a little bit darker. The scholia in both mss., written in majuscules, are certainly added by the same scribe. 7) For Clit. see now S. R. Slings, A commentaryon the PlatonicClitophon (diss. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1981), 273 f. 8) A. Jordan, Hermes 13 (1878), 477-9. Schanz, Platocodex78 says: "Diese Stellen legen den Schluss nahe, dass T aus A stammt." He does, however, not sug- gest that T is a directcopy. In note 1 on p. 78, Schanz says: "Allerdings bleiben einige Stellen übrig, die gegen unsere Ansicht zu sprechen scheinen." These objec- tions, however, are not considered as conclusive by him. In RhM 33 (1878), 305, he says that the comparison of the scholia in T and A "verstärkt aber die Bedenken, die sich der Annahme, dass die Republik im Venet. aus dem Paris. stamme, entgegenstellen, vgl. meine Schrift Platocodex p. 78 Anm. Ich werde diese Frage eigens behandeln." As far as I know, Schanz did not fulfil this pro- mise. 9) H. Alline, Histoire du texte de Platon (Paris 1915), 214 f.; Chambry, l.c. ; Dodds, l.c.; A. Carlini, Studisulla tradizioneantica e medievaledel Fedone(Rome 1971), 160; and others. 10) Schanz (see my note 8); J. Burnet, CQ 8 (1914), 231;W. C. Greene, Scholia Platonica(Haverford 1938), xxxiv-xxxv. 11) A. C. Clark, The Descentof (Oxford 1918), 411-3.