VOLUME 67, NUMBER 1 1 Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 67(1), 2013, 1–14 OXYNETRA: FACIES AND DNA BARCODES POINT TO A NEW SPECIES FROM COSTA RICA (HESPERIIDAE: PYRGINAE: PYRRHOPYGINI) NICK V. GRISHIN Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390; email:
[email protected] JOHN M. BURNS Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012; email:
[email protected] DANIEL H. JANZEN Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; email:
[email protected] WINNIE HALLWACHS Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; email:
[email protected] AND MEHRDAD HAJIBABAEI Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada; email:
[email protected] ABSTRACT. Oxynetra stangelandi Grishin & Burns, new species, from high elevations of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in north- western Costa Rica, is most similar to Oxynetra hopfferi Staudinger, known from mountains of central and southern Costa Rica and western Panama. These hesperiid species differ mainly in body color pattern and in DNA barcodes. We compare their barcodes, nucleotide by nu- cleotide, together with barcodes of a congener and a species of the related genus Olafia, and use the barcode data to show phylogenetic relation- ships. We describe the new species, its discovery, its male and female genitalia, and its life history as a cloud forest herbivore of Prunus annularis (Rosaceae). In ACG, no other skippers feed on this plant species, and no other skippers of the tribe Pyrrhopygini feed on plants in the family Rosaceae.