Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Higher Classification1 Kingdom: Plantae, Phylum: Tracheophyta Class (C:), Order (O:) and Family (F:) Scientific Name1 English Name2 C: Equisetopsida (Horsetails) See Fern & Allies Species List3 C: Filicopsida See Fern & Allies Species List3 (Leptosporangiate Ferns) C: Isoetopsida (Isotopsids) See Fern & Allies Species List3 C: Liliopsida (Monocots) O: Alismatales F: Araceae (Arum) Anthurium concinnatum (Flamingo Plant) Anthurium salvinii Bird’s-nest Anthurium Colocasia sp. Monstera deliciosa Willowleaf Monstera dissecta Monstera epipremnoides Syngonium sp. O: Arecales F: Arecaceae (Palm) Chamaedorea pittieri Chamaedorea sp. Geonoma sp. Geonoma undata subsp. edulis Prestoea longepetiolata O: Asparagales F: Orchidaceae (Orchid) See Orchid Species List4 O: Commelinaceae F: Commelinaceae Commelina sp. (Dayflower) (Spiderwort) Tradescantia poelliae (Spiderwort) Tradescantia zanonia (Spiderwort) O: Pandanales F: Cyclanthaceae Cyclanthaceae sp. (Panama-hat) O: Liliales F: Liliaceae (Lily) Lilium longiflorum Easter Lily O: Poales (Grasses) F: Bromeliaceae Catopsis nutans Nodding Strap Airplant (Bromeliad) Tillandsia leiboldiana (Airplant) Tillandsia punctulata (Airplant) Vriesea spp. F: Cyperaceae (Sedge) Cyperus papyrus Papyrus Kyllinga sp. Rhynchospora sp. F: Poaceae Brachiaria cf. ruziziensis Congo Grass (True Grasses) Digitaria costaricensis Page 1 of 10 Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica Last Updated: March 9, 2017 Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Class (C:), Order (O:) and Family (F:) Scientific Name1 English Name2 C: Liliopsida (Monocots) (cont’d) O: Poales (Grasses) (cont’d) F: Poaceae Guadua sp. Bamboo (True Grasses) (cont’d) O: Zingiberales F: Cannaceae Canna tuerckheimii Maraca Roja (Indian Shot) F: Costaceae Costus wilsonii Spiral Flag F: Heliconiaceae Heliconia beckneri (Heliconia) (Lobster-Claw) Heliconia lankesteri (Heliconia) Heliconia rostrata Lobster Claw Heliconia tortuosa (Heliconia) Heliconia wagneriana (Heliconia) F: Maranthaceae Calathea sp. F: Zingiberaceae (Ginger) Etlingera elatior Kantan Renealmia alpinia Jenjibre-de-jardin C: Lycopodiopsida See Fern & Allies Species List3 (Clubmosses) C: Magnoliopsida (Dicots) O: Apiales F: Apiaceae (Umbel) Sanicula liberta Pacific Blacksnakeroot F: Araliaceae (Ivy) Dendropanax arboreus Angelica Tree Oreopanax sp. Oreopanax standleyi Oreopanax xalapensis Schefflera rodriguesiana Schefflera, Umbrella Tree O: Aquifoliales F: Cardiopteridaceae Citronella costaricensis O: Asterales F: Asteraceae Acmella sp. (Spotflower) (Aster & Daisy) Ageratum conyzoides Tropical Whiteweed Archibaccharis schiedeana Bidens pilosa Beggar's Tick Elephantopus mollis Soft Elephantsfoot Emilia fosbergii Florida Tasselflower Emilia sonchifolia Lilac Tasselflower Galinsoga sp. (Gallant-soldier) Heliopsis buphthalmoides (Sun Glory) Jaegeria hirta Lasianthaea fruticosa (Lasianthaea) Koanophyllon pittieri (Throughwort) Melanthera nivea Snow Squarestem Senecio copeyensis (Ragwort) Senecio grandifolius (Ragwort) Page 2 of 10 Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica Last Updated: March 9, 2017 Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Class (C:), Order (O:) and Family (F:) Scientific Name1 English Name2 C: Magnoliopsida (Dicots) (cont’d) O: Asterales (cont’d) F: Asteraceae Verbesina gigantea (Crownbeard) (Aster & Daisy) (cont’d) Verbesina turbacensis (Crownbeard) F: Campanulaceae Centropogon granulosus (Bellflower) Centropogon gutierrezii O: Boraginales F: Boraginaceae (Borage) Ehretia latifolia Myriopus sp. Wigandia urens Caracus Wigandia, Wigandia O: Caryophyllales F: Amaranthaceae Pleuropetalum sprucei (Pigweed) F: Caryophyllaceae Arenaria lanuginosa (Chickweed) Drymaria cf. cordata West Indian Drymary Drymaria multiflora Slender Drymary F: Phytolaccaceae Ledenbergia peruviana (Pokeweed) O: Celastrales F: Celastraceae Salacia petensis Guava (Stackhousia) Zinowiewia integerrima Golden Root O: Cornales F: Cornaceae (Dogwood) Cornus disciflora (Dogwood) F: Loasaceae (Loasa) Nasa triphylla O: Cucurbitales F: Begoniaceae (Begonia) Begonia convallariodora (Begonia) Begonia involucrata (Begonia) Begonia semiovata (Begonia) F: Cucurbitaceae (Gourd) Cyclanthera sp. O: Dipsacales F: Adoxaceae (Adoxa) Viburnum costaricanum (Viburnum) O: Ericales F: Actinidiaceae Saurauia montana (Kiwi-fruit & Chinese Saurauia pittieri Moquillo, Snot Tree Gooseberry) Saurauia rubiformis Snot Tree F: Balsaminaceae (Balsam) Impatiens walleriana Buzzy Lizzy, Busy Lizzie F: Clethraceae Clethra mexicana (Clethra) F: Ericaceae (Heather) Cavendishia callista Satyria meiantha F: Pentaphylacaceae Freziera candicans Coral F: Primulaceae (Primrose) Ardisia compressa (Marlberry) Clavija cf. biborrana Myrsine coriacea Leathery Colicwood, Little Mouse Page 3 of 10 Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica Last Updated: March 9, 2017 Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Class (C:), Order (O:) and Family (F:) Scientific Name1 English Name2 C: Magnoliopsida (Dicots) (cont’d) O: Ericales (cont’d) F: Primulaceae (Primrose) Myrsine dependens (Colicwood) (cont’d) Parathesis cartagoana F: Sapotaceae (Milkwood) Manilkara chicle Manilkara zapota Sapote Pouteria fossicola F: Styracaceae (Storax) Styrax warscewiczii (Snowbell) F: Theaceae (Tea) Gordonia fruticosa (Gordonia) O: Fabales F: Fabaceae (Pea) Arachis pintoi Pinto Peanut Dalbergia sp. (Indian Rosewood) Desmodium sp. (Ticktrefoil) Diphysa americana Erythrina cf. poeppigiana Mountain Immortelle Erythrina costaricensis (Sykes Coral Tree) Erythrina lanceolata Machete Flower Gliricidia sepium Gliricidia Inga oerstediana Guaba Inga sierrae (Ice Cream Bean), Wild Avocado Lysiloma divaricatum Mauto Mimosa pudica Herbe Sensible Mucuna urens Horse-eye Beans, Ox Eye Phaseolus cf. lunatus Lima Bean Styphnolobium monteviridis Vigna sp. (Cowpea) F: Polygalaceae (Milkwort) Monnina sp. O: Fagales F: Betulaceae (Birch) Alnus acuminata Alder F: Fagaceae (Beech) Quercus benthamii (Oak) Quercus bumelioides White Oak Quercus copeyensis Black Oak Quercus costaricensis White Oak Quercus gulielmitreleasei (Oak) Quercus insignis (Oak) Quercus oleoides (Oak) Quercus oocarpa (Oak) Quercus salicifolia (Oak) Quercus seemannii (Oak) F: Juglandaceae (Walnut) Alfaroa costaricensis F: Myricaceae (Waxberry) Morella sp. (Bayberry) Page 4 of 10 Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica Last Updated: March 9, 2017 Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Class (C:), Order (O:) and Family (F:) Scientific Name1 English Name2 C: Magnoliopsida (Dicots) (cont’d) O: Gentianales F: Apocynaceae Apocynaceae sp. (Dogbane) Asclepias curassavica Tropical Milkweed F: Rubiaceae (Coffee) Chione sylvicola Cinchona pubescens Quinine Cosmibuena macrocarpa Elaeagia auriculata Gonzalagunia rosea Gonzalagunia ovatifolia Guettarda crispiflora poasana Hoffmannia cf. congesta Jicarita Palicourea purpurea (Cappel) Posoqueria latifolia Psychotria aubletiana Psychotria horizontalis Psychotria sylvivaga Randia sp. (Indigoberry) Rogiera amoena Spermacoce alata Broadleaf Buttonweed Spermacoce remota Woodland False Buttonweed O: Geraniales F: Geraniaceae Geranium guatemalense (Crane’s-Bill) (Geranium) O: Gunnerales F: Gunneraceae Gunnera insignis Poor Man’s Umbrella O: Lamiales F: Acanthaceae Aphelandra cf. scabra (Black Mangrove) Hansteinia blepharorhachis Hypoestes phyllostachya Polkadot Plant, Measles Plant, Freckle Face Justicia aurea (Water-willow) Megaskepasma Brazilian Red-cloak erythrochlamys Pachystachys lutea Lollipop-plant Poikilacanthus macranthus Pseuderanthemum sp. Razisea spicata Stenostephanus sp. F: Bignoniaceae Amphilophium crucigerum Monkey Comb (Jacaranda) Amphitecna sessilifolia Black Calabash Spathodea campanulata African Tulip Tree, Flame of the Forest Trumpetflower, Yellow Cedar, Ginger Tecoma stans Thomas F: Calceolariaceae Calceolaria tripartita Splitleaf Slipperwort Page 5 of 10 Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, Costa Rica Last Updated: March 9, 2017 Vascular Plant Species List Excluding: Pteriodophyte (Ferns & Allies) & Orchidaceae (Orchids) Class (C:), Order (O:) and Family (F:) Scientific Name1 English Name2 C: Magnoliopsida (Dicots) (cont’d) O: Lamiales (cont’d) F: Gesneriaceae Achimenes sp. (African Violet) Besleria cf formosa Columnea polyantha Diastema racemiferum Drymonia sp. Kohleria spicata (Kohleria) Moussonia deppeana F: Lamiaceae Aegiphila sp. (Spiritweed) (Mint & Basil) Salvia cacaliifolia (Sage) F: Phrymaceae (Phrymas) Hemichaena fruticosa F: Plantaginaceae Plantago australis Mexican Plantain (Plantain) F: Verbenaceae (Verbena) Citharexylum caudatum Juniper Berry Citharexylum donnell-smithii Lantana camara Largeleaf Lantana Lippia umbellata Stachytarpheta frantzii Purple Porterweed Verbena litoralis Seashore Vervain O: Laurales F: Lauraceae (Laurel) Aiouea costaricensis Beilschmiedia sp. Cinnamomum brenesii (Cinnamon) Cinnamomum triplinerve Mexican Cinnamon Nectandra sp. (Sweetwood) Ocotea insularis Laurel Sassafras, Little Avocado Ocotea laetevirens (Sweetwood), Little Avocado Ocotea stenoneura (Sweetwood), Little Avocado Persea americana Avocado, Alligator Pear Persea caerulea Wild Avocado Persea schiedeana (Bay) F: Monimiaceae Mollinedia sp. (Lemonwood) F: Siparunaceae Siparuna sp. Limoncita O: Magnoliales F: Annonaceae Annona muricata Graviola, Soursop (Custard-apple) Guatteria recurvisepala Guatteria talamancana
Recommended publications
  • Redalyc.Géneros De Lamiaceae De México, Diversidad Y Endemismo
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Martínez-Gordillo, Martha; Fragoso-Martínez, Itzi; García-Peña, María del Rosario; Montiel, Oscar Géneros de Lamiaceae de México, diversidad y endemismo Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 84, núm. 1, marzo, 2013, pp. 30-86 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42526150034 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 30-86, 2013 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.30158 Géneros de Lamiaceae de México, diversidad y endemismo Genera of Lamiaceae from Mexico, diversity and endemism Martha Martínez-Gordillo1, Itzi Fragoso-Martínez1, María del Rosario García-Peña2 y Oscar Montiel1 1Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. partado postal 70-399, 04510 México, D.F., México. 2Herbario Nacional de México, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 70-367, 04510 México, D.F., México. [email protected] Resumen. La familia Lamiaceae es muy diversa en México y se distribuye con preferencia en las zonas templadas, aunque es posible encontrar géneros como Hyptis y Asterohyptis, que habitan en zonas secas y calientes; es una de las familias más diversas en el país, de la cual no se tenían datos actualizados sobre su diversidad y endemismo.
    [Show full text]
  • Bignoniaceae Por
    fascículo 24 Flora de Veracruz Bignoniaceae por A.H. Gentry Xalapa Ver. septiembre 1982 CO!l/SEJO EDITORIAL Editar Responsable: Arturo Gómez Pompa Editor Ejecutivo: Victoria Sosa Lorin l. Nevling Jr. Nancy P. Moreno Michael Nee Beatriz Ludlow-Wiechers The Flora of Veracruz is an international collaborative project on the parts of investigators at the In,tituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, at the Field Mu,eum of Natural History and at the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. We acknowledge support in México from the Programa Nacional Indicativo de Ecologia, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia and the government of the State of Veracruz; and in the Unites States from the National Science Foundation (through grant I!l/T 78-01075) and Harvard University. Flora de Veracruz es un proyecto conjunto del Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, del Field ~Iu,eum of Natural History y del In,tituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Agradecem", el apoyo del Programa !l/acional Indicativo de Ecologia del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, del Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz de México, de la National Science Foundation (INT 78-01075) Y de Harvard University de lo.' Estados Unidos. INlREB 82-01-004 ©1982 In,tituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos. Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa Veracmz. FLORA DE VERACRUZ Publicada por el Instituto Nacianal de Investigacianes sobre Recursos Bióticos Xalapa, Veracruz, México. FasCÍculo 24 Septiembre 1982 BIGNONIACEAE Por Alwyn H. Gentry Missouri Botanical Garden Arboles, arbustos o trepadoras leñosas, raras veces herbáceas; escamas externas de las yemas axilares frecuentemente pseudoestipulares o algu.
    [Show full text]
  • Spilanthes Acmella and Its Medicinal Uses – a Review
    Online - 2455-3891 Vol 11, Issue 6, 2018 Print - 0974-2441 Review Article SPILANTHES ACMELLA AND ITS MEDICINAL USES – A REVIEW YASODHA PURUSHOTHAMAN1, SILAMBARASAN GUNASEELAN1, SUDARSHANA DEEPA VIJAYAKUMAR2* 1Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Biotechnology, Nano- Biotranslational Research Laboratory, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: sudarshanadeepav@ bitsathy.ac.in Received: 10 January 2018, Revised and Accepted: 05 March 2018 ABSTRACT In common plant life has been recognized to alleviate various diseases. Spilanthes acmella- a vital native medicinal plant is also found in subcontinent of the united states of America. A range of abstracts and active metabolites from different parts of this plant had been found to contain valuable pharmacological activities. Conventionally recognized as toothache plant, it was known to suppress the ailment allied with toothaches and also found to stimulate saliva secretion. On survey of literature, it has been projected that it has numerous drug-related actions, which comprises of antimicrobial, antipyretic, local anesthetic, bioinsecticide against insects of agricultural importance, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, vasorelaxant, anti-human immune deficit virus, toothache relief and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on the traditional claims against a range of diseases, researchers have classified and estimated plants for their bioactive compounds. However, researchers found it to be a difficult task for the extraction of bioactive constituents from these plants. Therefore, the scientific information about S. acmella could be obtained from this current review. Keywords: Spilanthes acmella, Toothache plant, Antifungal, Antipyretic, Local anesthetic, Bioinsecticide, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Vasorelaxant, Anti-inflammatory effects. © 2018 The Authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation
    Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation Oswaldo Tellez1,*, Efisio Mattana2,*, Mauricio Diazgranados2, Nicola Kühn2, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo2, Rafael Lira1, Leobardo Montes-Leyva1, Isela Rodriguez1, Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz1, Michael Way2, Patricia Dávila1 and Tiziana Ulian2 1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico 2 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, RH17 6TN, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people's livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods. A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal and Spatial Origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World Inferred from Plastid DNA Sequences
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 171, 61–79. With 3 figures Temporal and spatial origin of Gesneriaceae in the New World inferred from plastid DNA sequences MATHIEU PERRET1*, ALAIN CHAUTEMS1, ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO2 and NICOLAS SALAMIN3,4 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CH-1292 Chambésy, Switzerland 2Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, Brazil 3Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 4Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 15 December 2011; revised 3 July 2012; accepted for publication 18 August 2012 Gesneriaceae are represented in the New World (NW) by a major clade (c. 1000 species) currently recognized as subfamily Gesnerioideae. Radiation of this group occurred in all biomes of tropical America and was accompanied by extensive phenotypic and ecological diversification. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses using DNA sequences from three plastid loci to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Gesnerioideae and to investigate its relationship with other lineages of Gesneriaceae and Lamiales. Our molecular data confirm the inclusion of the South Pacific Coronanthereae and the Old World (OW) monotypic genus Titanotrichum in Gesnerioideae and the sister-group relationship of this subfamily to the rest of the OW Gesneriaceae. Calceolariaceae and the NW genera Peltanthera and Sanango appeared successively sister to Gesneriaceae, whereas Cubitanthus, which has been previously assigned to Gesneriaceae, is shown to be related to Linderniaceae. Based on molecular dating and biogeographical reconstruction analyses, we suggest that ancestors of Gesneriaceae originated in South America during the Late Cretaceous.
    [Show full text]
  • Seedling Growth Responses to Phosphorus Reflect Adult Distribution
    Research Seedling growth responses to phosphorus reflect adult distribution patterns of tropical trees Paul-Camilo Zalamea1, Benjamin L. Turner1, Klaus Winter1, F. Andrew Jones1,2, Carolina Sarmiento1 and James W. Dalling1,3 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama; 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA; 3Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Summary Author for correspondence: Soils influence tropical forest composition at regional scales. In Panama, data on tree com- Paul-Camilo Zalamea munities and underlying soils indicate that species frequently show distributional associations Tel: +507 212 8912 to soil phosphorus. To understand how these associations arise, we combined a pot experi- Email: [email protected] ment to measure seedling responses of 15 pioneer species to phosphorus addition with an Received: 8 February 2016 analysis of the phylogenetic structure of phosphorus associations of the entire tree commu- Accepted: 2 May 2016 nity. Growth responses of pioneers to phosphorus addition revealed a clear tradeoff: species New Phytologist (2016) from high-phosphorus sites grew fastest in the phosphorus-addition treatment, while species doi: 10.1111/nph.14045 from low-phosphorus sites grew fastest in the low-phosphorus treatment. Traits associated with growth performance remain unclear: biomass allocation, phosphatase activity and phos- Key words: phosphatase activity, phorus-use efficiency did not correlate with phosphorus associations; however, phosphatase phosphorus limitation, pioneer trees, plant activity was most strongly down-regulated in response to phosphorus addition in species from communities, plant growth, species high-phosphorus sites. distributions, tropical soil resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: the Tiliaceae and Genustilia
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-84054-5 — Lime-trees and Basswoods Donald Pigott Excerpt More Information Introduction: the 1 Tiliaceae and genus Tilia Tilia is the type genus of the family name Tiliaceae Juss. (1789), The ovary is syncarpous with five or more carpels but only and T. × europaea L.thetypeofthegenericname(Jarviset al. one style and a stigma with a lobe above each carpel. In Tili- 1993). Members of Tiliaceae have many morphological char- aceae, the ovules are anatropous. In Malvaceae, filaments of acters in common with those of Malvaceae Juss. (1789) and the stamens are fused into a tube but have separate apices that both families were placed in the order Malvales by Engler each bear a unilocular anther. Staminodes are absent. Each of (1912). In Engler’s treatment, Tiliaceae consisted mainly of five or more carpels supports a separate style, which together trees and shrubs belonging to several genera, including a pass through the staminal tube so that the stigmas are exposed few herbaceous genera, almost all occurring in the warmer above the anthers. The ovules may be either anatropous or regions. campylotropous. This treatment was revised by Engler and Diels (1936). The Molecular studies comprising sequence analysis of DNA of family was retained by Cronquist (1981) and consisted of about two plastid genes (Bayer et al. 1999) show that, in general, the 50 genera and 700 species distributed in the tropics and warmer inclusion of most genera, including Tilia, traditionally placed parts of the temperate zones in Asia, Africa, southern Europe in Malvales is correct. There is, however, clear evidence that and America.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Dipsacales, with Special Reference to Sinadoxa and Tetradoxa (Adoxaceae)
    PHYLOGENY AND PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY OF DIPSACALES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SINADOXA AND TETRADOXA (ADOXACEAE) MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE,1 TORSTEN ERIKSSON,2 PATRICK A. REEVES,3 AND RICHARD G. OLMSTEAD 3 Abstract. To further clarify phylogenetic relationships within Dipsacales,we analyzed new and previously pub- lished rbcL sequences, alone and in combination with morphological data. We also examined relationships within Adoxaceae using rbcL and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. We conclude from these analyses that Dipsacales comprise two major lineages:Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae (sensu Judd et al.,1994), which both contain elements of traditional Caprifoliaceae.Within Adoxaceae, the following relation- ships are strongly supported: (Viburnum (Sambucus (Sinadoxa (Tetradoxa, Adoxa)))). Combined analyses of C ap ri foliaceae yield the fo l l ow i n g : ( C ap ri folieae (Diervilleae (Linnaeeae (Morinaceae (Dipsacaceae (Triplostegia,Valerianaceae)))))). On the basis of these results we provide phylogenetic definitions for the names of several major clades. Within Adoxaceae, Adoxina refers to the clade including Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa, and Adoxa.This lineage is marked by herbaceous habit, reduction in the number of perianth parts,nectaries of mul- ticellular hairs on the perianth,and bifid stamens. The clade including Morinaceae,Valerianaceae, Triplostegia, and Dipsacaceae is here named Valerina. Probable synapomorphies include herbaceousness,presence of an epi- calyx (lost or modified in Valerianaceae), reduced endosperm,and distinctive chemistry, including production of monoterpenoids. The clade containing Valerina plus Linnaeeae we name Linnina. This lineage is distinguished by reduction to four (or fewer) stamens, by abortion of two of the three carpels,and possibly by supernumerary inflorescences bracts. Keywords: Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales, ITS, morphological characters, phylogeny, phylogenetic taxonomy, phylogenetic nomenclature, rbcL, Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Vision Cracks the Leaf Code
    Computer vision cracks the leaf code Peter Wilfa,1, Shengping Zhangb,c,1, Sharat Chikkerurd, Stefan A. Littlea,e, Scott L. Wingf, and Thomas Serreb,1 aDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; bDepartment of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; cSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; dAzure Machine Learning, Microsoft, Cambridge, MA 02142; eLaboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and fDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 Edited by Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved February 1, 2016 (received for review December 14, 2015) Understanding the extremely variable, complex shape and venation species (15–19), and there is community interest in approaching this characters of angiosperm leaves is one of the most challenging problem through crowd-sourcing of images and machine-identifi- problems in botany. Machine learning offers opportunities to analyze cation contests (see www.imageclef.org). Nevertheless, very few large numbers of specimens, to discover novel leaf features of studies have made use of leaf venation (20, 21), and none has angiosperm clades that may have phylogenetic significance, and to attempted automated learning and classification above the species use those characters to classify unknowns. Previous computer vision level that may reveal characters with evolutionary significance. approaches have primarily focused on leaf identification at the species There is a developing literature on extraction and quantitative level. It remains an open question whether learning and classification analyses of whole-leaf venation networks (22–25).
    [Show full text]
  • RHIZOPHORACEAE Ceriops Tagal(Perr.) C.B. Rob. Synonyms
    Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Trees & shrubs 1'(9./'.1 "$ $ 235 "¨π∞∂∑∫ª®Æ®≥ /¨ππ "! 1∂© Synonyms : Ceriops australis White, Ceriops boiviniana Tul., Ceriops candolleana Arn., Ceriops candolleana var. sasakii Hayata, Ceriops candolleana var. spathulata Blume, Ceriops forsteniana, Ceriops lucida Miq., Ceriops pauciflora Benth., Ceriops somalensis Chiovenda, Ceriops tagal var. australis White, Ceriops timoriensis Domin, Mangium caryophylloides Rumph., Rhizophora candel (non L.) Blanco, Rhizophora tagal Perr., Rhizophora timoriensis DC. Vernacular name(s) : Tengar, Tengah (Mal.), Tangar, Tingih, Palun, Parun, Bido-bido (Ind.), Magtongod, Pakat, Rungon, Tagasa, Tangal, Tanggal, Tangal lalaki, Tigasan, Tungod - Tangal (Phil.), Madame (Myan.), Dà vôi (Viet.), Prong, Prong daeng (Thai.), Smerkrohorm (Camb.) Description : Small tree or shrub up to 6 m tall, occasionally to 15(-25) m, with a grey, occasionally brown, smooth bark and with a flanged stem base. The tree often has small stilt roots. The rounded, glossy-green leaves measure 5.5-10 by 2-3.5 cm, are obovate-elliptic and often have an inwardly-curled margin. The 5-10 flowered, pendulous flower head measures 2 by 10-20. It has a long, slender stalk, is resinous and occurs at the ends of new shoots or in the axils on older ones. Calyx lobes are erect in flower, recurved in fruit, 4-5 mm long, with a 2 mm long tube. Flowers are white and soon turn brown. Petals are linked via marginal hairs and have a top that bears three trumpet-shaped lobes, 0.5 mm across. The stamens have long, slender filaments that extend far beyond the blunt anthers.
    [Show full text]
  • Bignoniaceae)
    Systematic Botany (2007), 32(3): pp. 660–670 # Copyright 2007 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Taxonomic Revisions in the Polyphyletic Genus Tabebuia s. l. (Bignoniaceae) SUSAN O. GROSE1 and R. G. OLMSTEAD Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: James F. Smith ABSTRACT. Recent molecular studies have shown Tabebuia to be polyphyletic, thus necessitating taxonomic revision. These revisions are made here by resurrecting two genera to contain segregate clades of Tabebuia. Roseodendron Miranda consists of the two species with spathaceous calices of similar texture to the corolla. Handroanthus Mattos comprises the principally yellow flowered species with an indumentum of hairs covering the leaves and calyx. The species of Handroanthus are also characterized by having extremely dense wood containing copious quantities of lapachol. Tabebuia is restricted to those species with white to red or rarely yellow flowers and having an indumentum of stalked or sessile lepidote scales. The following new combinations are published: Handroanthus arianeae (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. billbergii (Bur. & K. Schum). S. Grose subsp. billbergii, H. billbergii subsp. ampla (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. botelhensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. bureavii (Sandwith) S. Grose, H. catarinensis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. chrysanthus (Jacq.) S. Grose subsp. chrysanthus, H. chrysanthus subsp. meridionalis (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. chrysanthus subsp. pluvicolus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. coralibe (Standl.) S. Grose, H. cristatus (A. H. Gentry) S. Grose, H. guayacan (Seemann) S. Grose, H. incanus (A. H.
    [Show full text]
  • Efecto Antibacteriano Del Extracto Acuoso De Acmella Repens Sobre Streptococcus Mutans, Estudio in Vitro / Antibacterial Effect
    ODOUS CIENTIFICA ODOUS CIENTÍFICA Vol. 20 No. 2, Julio - Diciembre 2019 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Online ISSN: 2665-0193 - Print ISSN: 1315-2823 Efecto antibacteriano del extracto acuoso de Acmella repens sobre Streptococcus mutans, estudio in vitro Antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Acmella repens on Streptococcus mutans, in vitro study Mejía Caguasango Amparo1, Sotelo Garzón Esteban2, Montaño Tatés Victor2, Soler Carvajal Fabio3, Tenorio Peñafiel Pablo1, Armas Vega Ana4 1Odontóloga, Universidad Central del Ecuador. 2Odontólogo, Universidad UTE. 3Microbiólogo y Bioanalista, Universidad Industrial Santander. 4PhD en Operatoria dental, Docente Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador. [email protected] Recibido: 16/11/2018 Aceptado: 20/03/2019 _____________________________________________________________________________________ Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto antibacteriano del extracto acuoso de Botoncillo (Acmella repens) en concentraciones del 15%, 25% y 50% v/v sobre Streptococcus mutans. Se usaron 15 cajas petri con agar sangre de cordero, se inoculó S. mutans y se colocaron discos filtro con diferentes concentraciones del extracto acuoso de Acmella repens al 15%, 25% y 50%, como sustancias de control Clorhexidina al 0,12% y suero fisiológico, tras 5 días de incubación se midieron empleando una regla milimétrica, los halos de inhibición, formados alrededor de los respectivos discos. Como resultado se obtuvo que el extracto de Botoncillo al 50% mostró diferencias significativas en comparación con las concentraciones al 15% y 25% (p<0,001), sin embargo, al comparar el extracto de Botoncillo al 50% con la Clorhexidina al 0,12%, se observaron valores de inhibición más altos para la Clorhexidina al 0,12%. Se concluye que el extracto acuso de Botoncillo presento un efecto antibacteriano sobre S.
    [Show full text]