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Pyrrhopyginae De Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae)

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Pyrrhopyginae De Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae) ISSN 1317-5262 ENTOMOTROPICA Vol. 23(3): 177-291. Agosto 2008. Pyrrhopyginae de Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae). Andrés Orellana Departamento de Ingeniería de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, Avenida Universidad, Paramillo, San Cristóbal 5001-A, Estado Táchira, Venezuela. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Resumen Orellana A. 2008. Pyrrhopyginae de Venezuela. (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae). Entomotropica 23(3):177-291. Los estudios sobre la sistemática y taxonomía de Hesperiidae en Venezuela se encuentran limitados básicamente a los catálogos de Bell (1946b, 1947c) y de Evans (1951, 1952, 1953, 1955); el primero enteramente dedicado a Venezuela y el segundo sustentado sobre ejemplares de todo el continente americano que se encuentran depositados en el Natural History Museum de Londres. Otras referencias sólo hacen mención de Venezuela de manera dispersa y no exhaustiva. Desde entonces se han registrado en Venezuela 44 taxa específicos y subespecíficos de Pyrrhopyginae, una subfamilia restringida al trópico americano y que cuenta con 163 especies (Mielke 2004, 2005). En esta contribución, añadimos 32 taxa a la fauna de Venezuela, y retiramos 11, dando un total de 65, cinco de ellos son nuevas especies y otras seis subespecies que se describen, para un total de 52 especies en 15 géneros. Se agregan: Myscelus nobilis (Cramer, 1777), M. perissodora Dyar, 1914, M. assaricus (Cramer, 1779), Passova gellias (Godman & Salvin, 1893), Pyrrhopyge e. evansi (Bell, 1947), P. evansi borburata, ssp. n., P. thericles raymondi, ssp. n., P. thericles fola Evans, 1951, P. amythaon peron Bell, 1947, P. sergius andros Evans, 1951, Pyrrhopyge caribe, sp. n., P. caribe camachoi, ssp. n., Pyrrhopyge erazoae, sp. n., P. boulleti LeCerf, 1928, Yanguna cometes staudingeri (Ploetz, 1879), Yanguna cometes angeli, ssp. n., Melanopyge maculosa (Hewitson, 1866), Elbella patrobas evansi Mielke, 1995, E. merops (Bell, 1933), E. theseus (Bell, 1933), E. azeta azeta (Hewitson, 1866), E. lustra Evans, 1951, E. patroclus acala Evans, 1951, Jemadia demarmelsi, sp. n., J. sosia Mabille, 1878, J. menechmus desousai, ssp. n., J. hewitsonii Mabille, 1878, Jemadia ortizi, sp. n., J. gnetus (Fabricius, 1781), Amenis pionia sandra, ssp. n., A. rogeri, sp. n., y Mysoria barcastus pallens Mabille, 1891. Por el otro lado los siguientes taxa deben ser removidos de la lista de Venezuela: Elbella lampra lampra (Hopffer, 1874), Mimoniades nurscia (Swainson, 1821), Myscelus amystis epigona Herrich-Schaeffer, 1869, Myscelus phoronis caucanus Staudinger, 1888, Oxynetra felderi Hopffer, 1874, Creonpyge creon (Druce, 1874), Pyrrhopyge phidias garata Hewitson, 1866, Passova polemon (Hopffer, 1874), Pyrrhopyge zenodorus Godman & Salvin, 1893, Sarbia damippe Mabille & Boullet, 1908 y Sarbia oneka (Hewitson, 1866). La presencia de Pyrrhopyge amyclas (Cramer, 1779) y Gunayan rhacia (Hewitson, 1874) en Venezuela no pudo ser corroborada. Todas las especies y subespecies registradas son descritas, comentadas e ilustradas, incluyendo las piezas de los genitales de ambos sexos. Los registros de hábitat y hábitos son discutidos, incluyendo áreas de distribución. Palabras clave adicionales: mariposas, Neotrópico, Parelbella, Phocides, Tarsoctenus, taxonomía Abstract Orellana A. 2008. Pyrrhopyginae of Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae). Entomotropica 23(3): 177-291. Studies on the systematics and taxonomy of Venezuelan Hesperiidae are limited to Bell’s (1946b, 1947c) and Evans’ (1951, 1952, 1953, 1955) catalogues. While the former is entirely dedicated to Venezuela, the latter presents data on New World specimens housed at the British Museum in London (The Natural History Museum). Other references citing taxa as ocurring in this country are scattered, and in no way exhaustive. Until now, 44 specific and infraspecific pyrrhopygine taxa are known to occur in Venezuela. This Neotropical hesperiid subfamily currently includes 163 species (Mielke 2004, 2005). With the present study, 32 taxa are added to the Venezuelan fauna, and 11 are removed, totalising 65, five of which are new species and six are new subspecies. Fifty two species-level taxa in 15 genera are currently known to occur in this country. The new Venezuelan Pyrrhopyginae are: Myscelus nobilis (Cramer, 1777), M. perissodora Dyar, 1914, M. assaricus (Cramer, 1779), Passova gellias (Godman & Salvin, 1893), Pyrrhopyge e. evansi (Bell, 1947), P. evansi borburata, ssp. n., P. thericles raymondi, ssp. n., P. thericles fola Evans, 1951, P. amythaon peron Bell, 1947, P. sergius andros Evans, 1951, Pyrrhopyge caribe, sp. n., P. caribe camachoi, ssp. n., Pyrrhopyge erazoae, sp. n., P. boulleti LeCerf, 1928, Yanguna cometes staudingeri (Ploetz, 1879), Yanguna cometes angeli, ssp. n., Melanopyge maculosa (Hewitson, 1866), Elbella patrobas evansi Mielke, 1995, E. merops (Bell, 1933), E. theseus (Bell, 1933), E. © 2008, Sociedad Venezolana de Entomología ENTOMOTROPICA 23(3): 177-291. Agosto/August 2008 azeta azeta (Hewitson, 1866), E. lustra Evans, 1951, E. patroclus acala Evans, 1951, Jemadia demarmelsi, sp. n., J. sosia Mabille, 1878, J. menechmus desousai, ssp. n., J. hewitsonii Mabille, 1878, Jemadia ortizi, sp. n., J. gnetus (Fabricius, 1781), Amenis pionia sandra, ssp. n., A. rogeri, sp. n., and Mysoria barcastus pallens Mabille, 1891. Eleven taxa are removed from the Venezuelan checklist, viz.: Elbella lampra lampra (Hopffer, 1874), Mimoniades nurscia (Swainson, 1821), Myscelus amystis epigona Herrich- Schaeffer, 1869, Myscelus phoronis caucanus Staudinger, 1888, Oxynetra felderi Hopffer, 1874, Creonpyge creon (Druce, 1874), Pyrrhopyge phidias garata Hewitson, 1866, Passova polemon (Hopffer, 1874), Pyrrhopyge zenodorus Godman & Salvin, 1893, Sarbia damippe Mabille & Boullet, 1908 and Sarbia oneka (Hewitson, 1866). The presence of Pyrrhopyge amyclas (Cramer, 1779) and Gunayan rhacia (Hewitson, 1874) could not be corroborated. All species and subspecies included in this study are decribed, discussed and illustrated, including the genitalic armature of both sexes, where possible. The habits and habitats are commented, including the distributional range within and outside Venezuela. Additional key words: Neotropics, Parelbella, Phocides, skippers, Tarsoctenus, taxonomy Introducción La familia Hesperiidae es una de las más diversas de robusto, con la cabeza compacta y las antenas, aunque mariposas diurnas del mundo, y es quizás una de las dobladas en las puntas, nunca asoman un ápiculo o más pobremente conocidas, a juzgar por el estado una reducción súbita del diámetro en el extremo de conocimiento de familias como Papilionidae, distal. Generalmente son de colores llamativos, Nymphalidae y Pieridae (Lamas 2000). En el con intensos negros y reflejos azulados o verdosos, continente americano se han totalizado 2428 adornados con rojo o anaranjado en los mechones especies de Hespéridos (Mielke 2005) de las cuales de escamas anales; aunque hay especies pardas, parda las cifras mas conservadoras estiman en 800 las que oscuras a amarillas y muchas sin reflejos iridiscentes. deben ocurrir en Venezuela, aunque puede rondar De acuerdo al listado más reciente (Mielke 2004, las 1100 especies (A Warren com. pers.). La primera 2005), se conocen 163 especies ubicadas en 35 cifra corresponde al 32% de las mariposas diurnas géneros, estando la subfamilia subdividida en cuatro (superfamilias Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea) del tribus: Passovini, Zoniini, Oxynetrini y Pyrrhopygini país (Viloria 2000). No obstante, en el único catálogo (Mielke 2001). Un análisis filogenético reciente de las especies de Hesperiidae que se haya elaborado (Mielke 2001), elaborado sobre la base del estudio para Venezuela (Bell 1946b, 1947c), se señala un de 18 caracteres de adultos reveló que Oxynetrini total de 409 especies, es decir, aproximadamente la + Pyrhopygini conforman el clado más derivado mitad del número anteriormente señalado. Se hace de la subfamilia, seguido por Zoniini en un estado evidente pues, que los esfuerzos que se canalicen intermedio, y Passovini en la condición menos para estudios sistemáticos de estos lepidópteros derivada. No obstante este arreglo taxonómico, redundarán en un incremento sustancial a la hora una hipótesis filogenética sustentada en estudios de catalogar las especies de esta familia. Con el de caracteres moleculares propone tratar los propósito de establecer cimientos en esta área, se Pyrrhopyginae de este trabajo como una tribu y ha escogido la subfamilia Pyrrhopyginae, un grupo anidarlos con los Pyrginae (Warren et al. 2008, de Hesperiidae relativamente bien representado Brower y Warren 2008) y en virtud de ésta propuesta, en colecciones, ya que las especies generalmente todas las tribus acá mencionadas pasarían a ser son llamativas, y tienen tamaños que las hacen subtribus. Por ahora conservamos la clasificación preferibles ante especies pequeñas y de coloración tradicional, en espera de la confirmación de aquella menos favorecida de las otras subfamilias. propuesta dado que la misma se sustenta solamente La subfamilia Pyrrhopyginae es considerada en evidencias provenientes de la secuencia de monofilética (de Jong et al. 1996, Warren et al. 2008), fragmentos de ADN, faltando integrar datos caracterizada por la clava terminal de la antena, la cual morfológicos. se hace gruesa después de la curvatura, y por la forma en que se comprime el primer tergo abdominal entre Materiales y Métodos el tórax y el segundo tergo abdominal, quedando Las colecciones y museos
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