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Civil Engineering Civil Engineering Volume 169 Issue CE2 May 2016 ■ Design and top-down construction at the Nanjing Youth Olympic Centre, China ■ Unleashing potential – the benefits of new infrastructure in the Balkans ■ Building to beat Ebola: the Royal Engineers in Sierra Leone ■ Use of shape-memory alloys in construction: a critical review www.civilengineering-ice.com ISSN 0965 089 X Call for Papers Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Civil Engineering Panel Chair and Honorary Editor: Emma Kent, Cundall Johnston & Partners LLP, UK Civil Engineering, indexed Why Publish with ICE? in Web of Science, is the ICE Publishing has been uniting research and ICE’s flagship journal. practice in engineering and science since 1836. As the publishing arm of the Institution of Civil Practical and diverse in its scope, Engineers, we provide exclusive access to over Civil Engineering publishes overview 80,000 active ICE members in 160 countries. papers for the non-specialist on any subject relevant to civil engineering By publishing with ICE, you will benefit from today. Multi-disciplined in approach, our quality, visibility and advocacy. topics range from landmark projects to philosophical, ethical, QUALITY environmental, management and safety issues. • Rigorous blind peer review by an international panel of experts Civil Engineering gives a wide- • Author editorial support and guidance to ranging insight into the engineering help you develop your work profession with full-colour papers 0.714 • Professional copy editing, typesetting and and articles on topics across the proof-reading services spectrum of civil engineering activity, topics range from landmark projects to debates on philosophical, ethical, • No publication charges, it is entirely free to environmental, management and safety issues. publish with us (Open Access titles excepted) ICE’s annual awards competition provides our top authors with the chance to VISIBILITY gain specific exposure among the international civil engineering community • Our journals are included in major science by having your article made free to view for the following year. Winning and engineering databases and indexes authors will be invited to receive their prize at a ceremony at ICE in London. making our articles easily discoverable in Google and other scholarly search engines ICE Publishing is a member of COPE, The Committee on Publication Ethics. • In addition to ICE members, our content is read by academics and practitioners at over 1500 subscribing universities, corporations, and government agencies around the world ADVOCACY • We work closely with our authors and editors to promote our journals to all relevant audiences, at international conferences, and through engineering social networks Invitation to Authors To submit an abstract or to request further details, please contact Tel: +44 (0) 207 665 2242, Email: [email protected] To submit a paper, visit www.editorialmanager.com/ce For more information about the journal, including full submission guidelines, visit www.icevirtuallibrary.com Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Civil Engineering Volume 169 Issue CE2 May 2016 CONTENTS:May 2016 Contact Information Editor: Simon Fullalove tel: +44 20 7665 2448 Civil Engineering email: [email protected] Journals Manager Ben Ramster tel: +44 20 7665 2242 email: [email protected] EDITORIAL General manager, ICE Publishing: Mike Cookson tel: +44 20 7665 2486 BRIEFING email: [email protected] Advertising: Steve Jackson, Structural Promotions Ltd. Super sewer: an introduction to the Thames Tideway tunnel project in London 51 12 Lawrance Way, Bourne, Lincolnshire PE10 0HU New UK code of practice provides guidance on alliancing and supply chain tel: +44 1778 420 857 integration 52 fax: +44 1778 424 771 email: [email protected] Urbanisation in the UK: the need for a more focused approach on city Published by infrastructure 53 ICE Publishing One Great George Street,Westminster ICE supports new online training initiatives for civil engineering undergraduates 54 SW1P 3AA tel: +44 20 7222 7722 Engineering a more sustainable and profitable future with ISO 14001:2015 55 fax: +44 20 7538 4101 email: [email protected] Moving infrastructure benefits beyond projects and programmes 56 www.icevirtuallibrary.com ICE Publishing is a division of Thomas MONITOR Telford Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Institution of Civil Engineers Books 58 Production editing by Paul Allanson Illustrations by Barking Dog Art ICE Proceedings 62 Origination by ICE review 64 Phoenix Photosetting Ltd, Chatham, Kent Printed in the UK by Garnett Dickinson, Rotherham TECHNICAL PAPERS Using fibre sourced from responsibly managed and sustainable forest Design and top-down construction at the Nanjing Youth Olympic ISSN 0965-089X (Print) Center, China 1751-7672 (Online) © The authors and the Institution of Civil Q. Ren, Q. Zhao, W. Liu, S. Yang, S. Li, J. Yang and F. Peng 65 Engineers, 2016 Available online at Unleashing potential – the benefits of new infrastructure in the Balkans www.civilengineering-ice.com D. Wright 71 Subscription Information Non-members: Building to beat Ebola: the Royal Engineers in Sierra Leone Subscription enquiries and notification of change of address should be sent to the N. Francis 79 Customer Services department, ICE Publishing, Use of shape-memory alloys in construction: a critical review One Great George Street, Westminster SW1P 3AA W.-S. Chang and Y. Araki 87 tel: +44 20 7665 2460 fax: +44 20 7537 2529 email: [email protected] Civil Engineering, 4 issues per year (plus two special issues) 2016 subscription price: UK £191; EU £217; Elsewhere £236 ICE Specialist Engineering Journals Collection (formerly full ICE Proceedings Package), 94 issues per year, 2016 subscription price: UK £4495; EU £5135; Elsewhere £5565 PAGE 70 PAGE 75 PAGE 85 PAGE 88 Members: Subscription enquiries and notification of changes of address should be sent to Membership Registry, CIVIL ENGINEERING EDITORIAL PANEL Institution of Civil Engineers, PO Box 4479, London SW1P 3XB, UK Chairman Emma Kent, CEng, MICE,MIStructE, Cundall, London, UK Sebastian Lewandowski, Atkins, Birmingham, UK tel: +44 20 7665 2227 Andy Alder, CH2M HILL, UK Eva Linnell, MEng, Atkins, Bristol, UK fax: +44 20 7222 3514 J. Dario Aristizabal-Ochoa, National University of Colombia, Andrew Martin, BEng, MSt, CEng, MICE, MIStructE, COWI A/S, email: [email protected] Colombia Kongens Lyngby, Denmark David Atherton, BSc, MSc, CEng, CGeol, FICE, FIMMM, FCIWEM, MCIWM, FGS, David Oloke, Progressive Concept Consultancy Ltd, The papers and articles express the Peter Brett Associates, Reading, UK Walsall, UK opinions of the authors, and do not Philippe Bouillard, BSc, MSc, PhD, Hab, MICE, FAUA, Université Libre Neil Owen, BSc, CEng, MICE, Independent Consultant, necessarily reflect the views of the ICE, de Bruxelles, Belgium Birmingham, UK TTL, or the Editorial Panel. Papers are Yancheng Cai, PhD, MIASS, Meinhardt (C&S) Ltd, Hong Kong, Priti Parikh, PhD, CEng, MICE, FRSA, University College London, UK formally refereed by the editorial panel PR China Dave Parker, Independent Consultant, Bishop’s Stortford, UK whereas, to ensure topicality, Briefing John Clifton, BSc, CEng, CEnv, FICE, FCIHT,MCMI, Independent Consultant, Colin Rawlings, BSc, DIC, MSc, CEng, MICE, MASCE, CGeol, FGS, CH2MHill/HS2 articles are not refereed. Santa Barbara de Nexe, Portugal Ltd, London, UK Civil Engineering is indexed in the Mark Hagger, MA, CEng, FICE,MCIWEM, Environment Agency, UK Stuart Ross, Arup, Hong Kong, PR China Science Citation Index David Hobson, Jacobs, Stourbridge, UK P. J. Rudden, RPS Group, Killiney, Republic of Ireland Siva Kandasami, BE, ME, PhD, MICT, Coimbatore, India Alessandra Villa, CEng, MICE, Dott. Ing., Arup, London, UK 49 Civil Engineering Editorial Volume 169 Issue CE2 May 2016 Parker ICE Publishing: All rights reserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcien.2016.169.2.50 EDITORIAL: MAY 2016 Editorial David Parker BSc, CEng, FICE Technical Editor Emeritus, New Civil Engineer, London, UK Welcome to the May issue of Civil Engineering, the flagship A combination of simple blockwork construction and journal of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. proprietary disaster-relief tents cut construction time down to I have visited hundreds of sites around the world over just 5 weeks. A key early decision was to rely on in-country the last 25 years. Quite a few featured top-down basement contractors for the building works rather than flying in construction, an ingenious technique that obviously has many hundreds of British Army engineers, although the available advantages. However, none of the projects I have visited was skills base varied hugely. as ambitious as that described in the first paper, by Qingying Finally, the fascinating potential of a class of materials that Ren et al. (2016). so far have been virtually overlooked by the construction Designed by Zaha Hadid, the Nanjing Youth Olympic Centre industry is comprehensively illustrated by Chang and Araki in China features two towers, one of 58 stories, the other (2016). Shape-memory alloys have been used on a very of 68, perched atop an extensive three-storey basement. limited scale in the restoration of seismically vulnerable historic Ground conditions were challenging: the site is located on structures and to restrain excessive movements in bridge the floodplain of the Yangtze River, with alluvial deposits supports during seismic events. But the high cost of
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