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www.WaterProjectsOnline.com Wastewater Treatment & Sewerage Thames Tideway Tunnel - Cofferdams Blackfriars & Albert Embankment marine works: Complex temporary works to enable the delivery of the new London’s super sewer by Maria Fernandez Ciudad, Francisco J Quesada Colmenero, Jose Flors Villaverde and Tim Harman he Thames Tideway Tunnel is a new super sewer that will intercept, store and convey the CSO discharges to Beckton STW for treatment. The project is divided into three main work contracts: West, Central and East. The TFerrovial Construction and Laing O’Rourke joint venture (FLO JV) has been appointed as principal contractor for the Central Section with an original estimated budget of £745m. The scope of the works of the Central Section includes the construction of a 12.7km new sewer tunnel under the River Thames between Fulham and Bermondsey. Eight CSO’s spread along the river will be connected through culverts to a new interception chamber and then to a 60m deep shaft structure. From the shaft, the flows will be conveyed into the main tunnel which is being excavated with two 8.8m diameter tunnel boring machines. Albert Embankment Foreshore shaft excavation - Courtesy of FLO JV Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore twin wall cofferdam - Courtesy of FLO JV Background The cofferdams are U-shaped structures tying-in against the London sewerage system dates from the 19th century, developed existing river wall and designed as either double skin or single by Joseph Bazalgette to serve a population of 4 million, with an skin cofferdams. This paper outlines the design and construction original capacity of 6mm rainfall per hour across the catchment. methodology of the marine structures, the challenges faced, and the strategies adopted at two high profile sites; Blackfriars Bridge Nowadays, over 8 million Londoners have overwhelmed the system’s Foreshore and Albert Embankment Foreshore. capacity, making the excess of mixed water to be discharged into the Thames river through different combined sewer overflows Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore (BLABF) (CSOs). In addition, London’s population is expected to reach 10 The BLABF permanent shaft is being constructed 200m upstream million within the next 10 years, which will increase the discharges of Blackfriars Bridge, close to the Waterloo and City underground frequency and the pollution of the river to critical levels. line underpass. A culvert will run from the shaft to connect with the Fleet Sewer CSO under the bridge. The temporary cofferdam could Central Section: Scope of works not enclose the whole permanent works footprint as its extension The majority of the permanent structures to be constructed is limited by the underground services in the area. A 100m long between Fulham and Bermondsey (culverts, interception chambers section of the culvert will be cast in the dry and subsequently and shafts) are to be built on new land reclaimed within the towed towards its final position between the CSO opening and the Thames by temporary cofferdams that will enable dry construction. cofferdam. UK Water Projects 2020 page 1 of 5 www.WaterProjectsOnline.com www. .ai Telesto Intelligent subterranean asset mapping - Inspect with LiDAR + multi-view videos - Improve your health and safety processes - Utilise the power of artificial intelligence - Analyse GBs of data and produce 4D models - Enhance predictive maintenance www.headlight.ai [email protected] 2020 Utility Pipeline Technology Award Innovation Award (SW England) 2020 www.WaterProjectsOnline.com Wastewater Treatment & Sewerage Due to the challenging programme, the cofferdam is split in two main areas, west and east, which allow the simultaneous construction of different permanent structures. The west area of 1400m2 consists of a twin wall cofferdam of 10m width and 12m height over the riverbed. The walls are high- modulus wall type which combines HZ1800 piles of 25m length with AZ14-700 sheet piles. The 50m deep shaft is excavated from piling platform level which is also 9m below high tide; only 2m separate the shaft excavation from the cofferdam’s internal wall. Before the installation of the shaft piles and therefore its excavation, deep jet-grouting was completed to enable a safe stop and maintenance operations of the TBM at the location of the cofferdam. To date (July 2020) this jet grouting is the deepest undertaken in UK. Sites of Tideway Central Section - Courtesy of FLO JV The eastern reclaimed area doubles the size of the western section. It is delimited by two cantilever walls 12m over the riverbed; one parallel to the riverbank and the other perpendicular to the previous one. Both walls alternate composite piles (reinforced concrete and steel tubular pile) of 30m length with AZ36 sheet piles. The reclaimed area will be used as a dry dock to cast the 100m concrete culvert that will be floated out to connect with the Fleet Sewer CSO. Both areas have been built using jack up and flap top barges as working platforms and storage areas. The materials have been transported by the river achieving a great reduction in the CO2 emissions and avoiding the congestion of the capital’s highways. The western cofferdam was the first to be completed; after 9 months of construction. King piles and sheet piles were driven the first 5m using a PVE 24VM vibro-hammer and subsequently a C110X impact Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore cofferdam - Courtesy of FLO JV hammer till the design toe level, 11m below the riverbed. Albert Embankment Foreshore (ALBEF) The ALBEF site is also located in central London close to Vauxhall rail station. Three cofferdams are required as the permanent shaft is around 200m from the Brixton and Clapham CSOs which are also separated by Albert Bridge. Cofferdam 1 is located in the South Bank of River Thames in front of Camelford House, a 16 storey building. It is a twin wall structure enclosing an area of 3,415m2 where the permanent shaft will be excavated 50m deep. A FEM model has been developed to understand the interaction between the temporary structure, the building foundation and the shaft excavation, demonstrating that excavating the shaft with the proposed methodology was safe and did not impose any detrimental effect on the adjacent building. Cofferdam 2, also in the South Bank in front of MI6 building, encloses Albert Embankment Foreshore cofferdam - Courtesy of FLO JV an area of 1,040m2. It consists of a combi-wall structure of steel tubular piles embedded 10m in the London Clay. The permanent interception chamber will be excavated 16m down from the piling Supply Chain Company platform level (6m below high tide), with less than 2m between the Client Bazalgette Tunnel Ltd piles of the cofferdam and the chamber wall. The cofferdam has Project manager & principal designer Tideway (Jacobs) been designed to support the tide loads and the excavation of the Principal contractor & lead designer FLO JV chamber. Main designer (permanent works) AECOM Downstream of Albert Bridge, next to the Victoria Underground Sub-consultant (temporary works) Robert West Consulting line, Cofferdam 3 is a square area, isolated from the riverbanks. Sub-consultant (temporary works) Beckett Rankine This cofferdam is constructed so that the Clapham culvert can be connected to the IC located inside the Cofferdam 2. Sub-consultant (temporary works) OTB Engineering Steel ArcelorMittal Cofferdam 2 and launch chamber are connected under Albert Steel HDM Group Bridge by a short sheet piled canal called twin wall. Due to the tight Tie rods Anchor Schroeder headroom of 6.5m, the sheet piles were driven using a Caterpillar 336FL 40Tonne excavator with a Movax vibratory hammer Welding S&H Welding Services attached. The remaining cofferdam piles were driven using a Giken Waler beams PSS supercrush silent piler, a non-percussive method. UK Water Projects 2020 page 3 of 5 www.WaterProjectsOnline.com www.WaterProjectsOnline.com Wastewater Treatment & Sewerage The new Clapham culvert will be excavated inside the twin wall; tunnel extrados, no piling to be closer than 3m from the lateral or constructed with reinforced concrete segments. The culvert 6m above the tunnel crown. Furthermore, the existing river wall, is sloped towards the Cofferdam 2, being its shallowest point the Fleet Sewer CSO, and a large gas main also limit the piling 1.5m below the riverbed. In order to optimise the construction works. The characteristics of each structure were analysed and a programme and due to the headroom’s limitations under the peak component particle velocity (PPV) threshold was assigned in bridge the excavation will be done underground. This operation compliance with BS5228-2, such as 15mm/s for existing river wall; will also be independent from the tide, therefore at high tide there a masonry structure. A safety case was discussed and agreed with will be 7m of water over the front face of the excavation. London Underground so that all the installation methods were validated by them. In order to provide a dry environment for the culvert construction, the twin wall area is excavated down to the London Clay. Then The conditions explained above, not only limited the extension of the canal is filled with lean concrete which is resistant enough to the cofferdam to maintain the 15m underground line exclusion zone, avoid the collapse of the excavation but also easy to scratch with but also the design and installation method of the piles. Therefore, an excavator. On top of this layer, there is reinforced slab provided a feasibility study was undertaken to assess the viability of different with shear connections to the sheet piles which ensures that the pile sections with enough strength to resist the loads imposed. The area is watertight. results show that the installation of the steel tubular piles to the required depth will exceed the vibration thresholds and a concrete The culvert will be excavated inside the twin wall area using a jack section will increase the complexity of the decommissioning works.
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