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Tesis Doctoral JUVENTUD Y MERCADO LABORAL: LA SEGREGACIÓN OCUPACIONAL Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS ECONÓMICAS TESIS DOCTORAL Doctoranda: Bárbara Montero González Director de tesis: José Antonio Camacho Ballesta Granada, Junio de 2017 Editor: Universidad de Granada. Tesis Doctorales Autora: Bárbara Montero González SIBN: 978-84-9163-417-1 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/48040 JUVENTUD Y MERCADO LABORAL: LA SEGREGACIÓN OCUPACIONAL Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS ECONÓMICAS TESIS DOCTORAL Doctoranda: Bárbara Montero González Director de tesis: José Antonio Camacho Ballesta Granada, Junio de 2017 AGRADECIMIENTOS Me gustaría aprovechar estas líneas para expresar mi agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que de alguna manera han contribuido y ayudado en el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral. En primer lugar, quisiera agradecer al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte la concesión de la beca FPU que me ha permitido desarrollar mis estudios de postgrado. Agradecer también a mi director de tesis, José Antonio Camacho, toda su paciencia y dedicación, ya que sus conocimientos, orientaciones y motivación han sido fundamentales para el desarrollo de esta investigación. Gracias por dirigirme en la elaboración de este trabajo y por sacar siempre un hueco para atenderme. Al mismo tiempo, desearía manifestar mi agradecimiento a las personas que forman parte del Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), ya que gracias a todas ellas este centro se ha convertido en un hogar para mí en estos últimos meses de trabajo. En especial, me gustaría agradecer a Laura toda la ayuda y el apoyo que me ha dado en estos meses de locura. Me alegro muchísimo de que ambas hayamos podido superar el plazo de depósito y cerrar por fin esta etapa de nuestras vidas. Asimismo, quisiera expresar mi gratitud a los profesores Manuel Hernández y María José Aznar por todo su cariño y apoyo. Para mí ha sido todo un privilegio poder contar con su guía y ayuda durante mi formación como profesora en la Facultad de Educación, Economía y Tecnología de Ceuta. Siempre les estaré agradecida por todo lo que me han enseñado y por brindarme la oportunidad de dar clases en mi tierra. Del mismo modo, me gustaría agradecer al resto de profesores/as y personal de dicha facultad el trato tan afectuoso que siempre he recibido de su parte. En último lugar, mostrar mi más sincero agradecimiento a mi familia y amigos/as por todo el apoyo que me han dado a lo largo de este proceso. Gracias de corazón por estar siempre conmigo y animarme a seguir trabajando en los momentos más difíciles, sin vosotros/as habría sido imposible conseguirlo. Es difícil que personas que no se dedican a la investigación entiendan todo lo que supone la elaboración de una tesis, pero yo he tenido la suerte de contar con vuestra comprensión y paciencia en cada momento. Aun sabiendo que no existe forma de devolveros toda la confianza y ayuda que me habéis dado, quiero que sintáis que esta tesis también es vuestra y, por ello, os la dedico, ya que sin duda alguna lo más duro de su elaboración ha sido tener que sacrificar tiempo a vuestro lado. I ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................................................... 1 PARTE I: Contexto, fundamentos teóricos y metodología ..................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO 1. Contextualización ................................................................................................................... 11 CAPÍTULO 2. Concepto, teoría y evidencia sobre seGreGación .......................................................... 31 2.1 El concepto de seGreGación ....................................................................................................... 31 2.2 Teorías sobre seGreGación ........................................................................................................ 33 2.2.1 TEORÍA NEOCLÁSICA DEL CAPITAL HUMANO ............................................................................ 34 2.2.2 TEORÍAS DE LA PARCELACIÓN DEL MERCADO DE TRABAJO .............................................. 38 2.2.3 TEORÍAS FEMINISTAS O “SOCIOSEXUALES” ................................................................................ 42 2.2.4 OTRAS TEORÍAS ......................................................................................................................................... 43 2.3 Estudios sobre seGreGación ...................................................................................................... 47 CAPÍTULO 3. Aspectos metodolóGicos ....................................................................................................... 53 3.1 Bases de datos empleadas ........................................................................................................ 53 3.1.1 Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) ................................................................................................. 54 3.1.2 Encuesta de Estructura Salarial (EES) .............................................................................................. 56 3.2 Medición de la seGreGación ocupacional y sus consecuencias ..................................... 58 3.2.1 MIDIENDO LA SEGREGACIÓN PROFESIONAL .............................................................................. 58 3.2.2 MIDIENDO LAS CONSECUENCIAS DE LA SEGREGACIÓN ........................................................ 69 3.2.3 SÍNTESIS DE LAS MEDIDAS EMPLEADAS ...................................................................................... 78 PARTE II: Evidencia y factores explicativos de la seGreGación y sus consecuencias en España ................................................................................................................................................................................. 79 CAPÍTULO 4. Visión General de la seGreGación ocupacional de la juventud en España ............ 85 CAPÍTULO 5. La segregación profesional y sus repercusiones económicas por edad y Género. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 103 CAPÍTULO 6. La segregación ocupacional y sus consecuencias por edad y formación ........... 119 CAPÍTULO 7. Análisis de la seGreGación ocupacional y sus consecuencias por edad y nacionalidad ..................................................................................................................................................... 133 CAPÍTULO 8. Aspectos territoriales de la seGreGación y sus consecuencias por edad ............ 145 CAPÍTULO 9. Determinantes de la posición laboral de la juventud .............................................. 167 VALORACIÓN FINAL Y CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................... 175 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ................................................................................................................................................. 183 ANEXOS .............................................................................................................................................................. 199 II ............................................................................................................................................................................... 199 ANEXO A: Clasificaciones ocupacionales ................................................................................................ 201 ANEXO B: Pesos muestrales y porcentajes de empleo (EES) ........................................................... 207 ANEXO C: Pesos muestrales y porcentajes de empleo (EPA) ........................................................... 209 ANEXO D: Índices locales y contribuciones (EES). ............................................................................... 213 ANEXO E: Índices locales y contribuciones (EPA). ............................................................................... 221 ANEXO F: Índices de bienestar (EES). ...................................................................................................... 235 ANEXO G: Nomenclatura. ............................................................................................................................. 239 III ÍNDICE DE TABLAS TABLA 1. SÍNTESIS DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA EPA .................................................................................................. 55 TABLA 2. SÍNTESIS DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA EES. .................................................................................................. 57 TABLA 3. SÍNTESIS DE LAS MEDIDAS EMPLEADAS EN LA TESIS. .......................................................................................... 78 TABLA 4. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA SEGREGACIÓN TOTAL POR EDAD Y CONTRIBUCIONES DE CADA GRUPO ........................... 85 TABLA 5. EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS ÍNDICES DE BIENESTAR Y SUS COMPONENTES POR GRUPOS DE EDAD ............................ 93 TABLA 6. EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS ÍNDICES DE SEGREGACIÓN LOCAL POR EDAD. .................................................................... 96 TABLA 7. EVOLUCIÓN DEL ÍNDICE Φ" POR TRAMOS DE EDAD ............................................................................................ 99 TABLA 8. OCUPACIONES CON MAYOR CONCENTRACIÓN DE JÓVENES, ADULTOS/AS Y MAYORES ................................ 101 TABLA 9. ÍNDICES TOTALES DE SEGREGACIÓN E ÍNDICES DE PÉRDIDAS DE BIENESTAR SOCIAL
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