Appendix a Fauna Survey Effort and Results

Home , Austronomus, Micronomus, Mormopterus, Ozimops, Ozimops ridei

APPENDIX A

FAUNA SURVEY EFFORT AND RESULTS

October 2016

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The Fauna Survey Effort (FSE) for the Biobanking Assessment Report has been guided by the following:

 The predict threatened species from within the Biobanking Credit Calculator;

 The Threatened Species Survey and Assessment Guidelines for developments and activities (working draft), NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (2004);

 The NSW Threatened Species Profile Database; and

 Previous fauna survey results from the site.

The following Ecosystem Credit species have been recorded on the site during past or current survey work:

 Eastern Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis);

 Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis);

 Eastern Freetail-bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis);

 Greater Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii);

 Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus);

 Little Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus australis);

 Little Lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla);

 Long-nosed Potoroo (Potorous tridactylus);

 Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua);

 Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis);

 Varied Sittella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera);

 Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis);

 Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris).

The following Species Credit species have been recorded on the site or surrounds during past survey work:

 Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus);

 Wallum Froglet (Crinia tinnula).

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Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 4 1.1 Project Background ...... 4 1.2 Site Survey Rationale ...... 5 2.0 Field Survey ...... 7 2.1 Previous Assessments ...... 7 2.2 Current Assessment ...... 9 2.3 Survey Dates, Times and Activities ...... 12 3.0 Results ...... 14 4.0 Conclusion ...... 16 5.0 References ...... 18

Figures

Figure A1 – Fauna Survey Effort ...... 12 Figure A2 – Location of Threatened Species Records ...... 16

Appendices

Appendix A1 – Fauna Species List

Appendix A2 – Bat Call Analysis

Appendix A3 – Hair Tube Analysis

Appendix A4 – Fauna Photographs

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

The development site, adjacent proposed development sites, as well as adjacent conservation zoned lands have been the subject of numerous flora and fauna assessment reports between the periods of 2003 to 2010. These assessments included extensive fieldwork including more than 1600 trap-nights.

The following reports were used to inform and have been summarised in the 2010 report by Travers Bushfire & Ecology Ecological Constraints and Analysis, Bundeena Road, Glenning Valley;

 Ambrose Ecological Services Pty Ltd (2007) Fauna survey and assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

 Anne Clements & Associates (2006) Ecological assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

 Anne Clements & Associates (2006) Flora Assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

 Biolink Ecological Consultants (2008) Koala Survey (SEPP 44 Assessment) - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

 Conacher Travers (2003) Flora and Fauna Assessment (of the Study Area being Lot 2 DP 1100181).

 Conacher Travers (2003) Flora and Fauna Assessment of Lot 50 DP 755263 Berkeley Road Fountaindale.

 Conacher Travers (2003) Habitat tree survey (of the Study Area being Lot 2 DP 1100181).

 Conacher Travers (2006) Flora and Fauna Assessment - Proposed Road Upgrade Berkeley Road, Berkeley Vale.

 Travers bushfire & ecology (2008) Flora and Fauna Assessment of Lot 50 DP 755263 Berkeley Road Fountaindale.

 Travers bushfire & ecology (2008) Habitat tree survey - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

 Travers bushfire & ecology (2009) Bushfire Protection Assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

 Travers environmental consultants (2008) Ecological Assessment of Lot 50 DP 755263 & Incorporation of a Conservation Plan at 70 Berkeley Road, Fountaindale.

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The following reports were used to inform and have been summarised by AEP (2016) within the Ecological Assessment Report for Proposed Residential Subdivision of Lot 2 DP1100181, Berkeley Road, Glenning Valley:

 Anne Clements and Associates (2014). Potential impact of the proposed lot layout on identified threatened flora on the 38ha site in Glenning Valley.

 EcoLogical Australia (2011). Glenning Valley Improve or Maintain Assessment – Indicative Biocertification Calculations.

 Travers Bushfire & Ecology (2013). Response to Council Conditions for a Gateway Determination Berkeley Road, Bundeena Road and Bottlebrush Drive, Glenning Valley.

 Travers Bushfire & Ecology (2010). Ecological Constraints and Analysis, Bundeena Road, Glenning Valley.

At the request of the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) additional fieldwork has been undertaken to provide more contemporary data for the development site.

1.2 Site Survey Rationale

The FSE for the Biobanking Assessment was guided by the following:

 Previous threatened species records for the development site and adjacent lands;

 The predict threatened species and seasonal survey requirements for each as listed within the Biobanking Credit Calculator and Threatened Species Profile Database (TSPD); and

 The Threatened Species Survey and Assessment Guidelines for developments and activities (working draft), NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (2004).

From the above the following Species Credit Species were identified as requiring contemporary survey for the development site:

 Black-necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus)^*;

 Black Bittern (Ixobrychus flavicollis)^*;

 Common Planigale (Planigale maculata);

 Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa);

 Eastern Chestnut Mouse(Pseudomys gracilicaudatus);

 Eastern Pygmy Possum(Cercartetus nanus);

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 Giant Barred Frog (Mixophyes iteratus)^;

 Golden-tipped Bat (Phoniscus papuensis);

 Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) ^*;

 Green-thighed Frog (Litoria brevipalmata)*;

 Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)*;

 Pale-headed Snake (Hoplocephalus bitorquatus);

 Parma Wallaby (Macropus parma);

 Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia);

 Stephens Banded Snake (Hoplocephalus stephensii);

 Stuttering Frog (Mixophyes balbus)^;

 Wallum Froglet (Crinia tinnula);

Species marked with an “^” were determined that no suitable habitat was present within the development area or areas immediately adjacent to the development areas.

Species marked with an asterisk (*) were surveyed as part of the 2016 AEP report.

To adequately provide contemporary survey data for all of the above species the following techniques were identified:

 Targeted survey in suitable habitat and survey period;

 Terrestrial and arboreal trapping within both the dry forest and moist forest habitats;

 Terrestrial and arboreal hair tubes within both the dry forest and with moist forest habitats;

 Camera trapping within both the dry forest and with moist forest habitats;

 Targeted survey and call playback for frog species following suitable weather events as well as tadpole surveys;

 Harp trapping;

 Nocturnal targeted survey for arboreal snakes.

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2.0 Field Survey

2.1 Previous Assessments

The following is a summary of the field survey undertaken on the site prior to the current assessment.

Table A1 – Previous Survey Undertaken Fauna Group Survey Survey Effort Undertaken and Comments Technique Period

Birds

Diurnal Birds Formal Census Summer & Winter Over 10 hours of formal census and 130 hours of opportunistic surveys have been conducted across the site

Nocturnal Birds Formal census Summer & Winter Over 40 hours of nocturnal searches that include spotlighting, owl call playback / identification and stagwatching have occurred on the site

Mammals

Small Terrestrial Small Mammal Avoid mid winter, Dry Forest Habitats (Blackbutt Forest / Disturbed Pine Traps August – October Forest): 180 Traps nights over 4 consecutive nights + 10 for breeding days and 8 nights of infrared camera trapping Antechinus Moist Forest Habitats (Swamp Mahogany Woodland / Apple Mahogany Woodland): 36 trap nights over 4 consecutive nights + 10 days and 8 nights of infrared camera trapping Cleared Habitats (Disturbed Grassland with Scattered Trees): 108 trap nights over 4 consecutive nights

Hair Tubes Anytime of year 255 hair tube nights surveyed in Dry Forest Habitat in 2007

Medium Terrestrial Cage / B Elliott Any time of year Dry Forest Habitats: 220 Traps nights over 4 consecutive Traps nights + 10 days and 8 nights of infrared camera trapping Moist Forest Habitats: 96 trap nights over 4 consecutive nights + 10 days and 8 nights of infrared camera trapping Cleared Habitats: 36 trap nights over 4 consecutive nights

Arboreal Mammals B Elliott Traps Any time of year Dry Forest Habitats: 360 Traps nights over 4 consecutive nights Moist Forest Habitats: 80 trap nights over 4 consecutive nights Cleared Habitats: 20 trap nights over 4 consecutive nights

Faecal Pellet Counts Any time of year Koala surveys involved a 125m x 125m regularised grid based SAT sampling across the entire site by Biolink in 2008, following on from initial SATs conducted in areas surrounding the Koala record in 2007.

Spotlighting All year Over 30 hours of spotlighting (walking) for arboreal mammals has occurred across forested habitats on the

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Fauna Group Survey Survey Effort Undertaken and Comments Technique Period

site, including an additional 4 hours in recent surveys (AEP 2015).

Hair Tubes Anytime of year 255 hair tube nights surveyed in Dry Forest Habitat in 2007

Microchiropteran Harp Traps October to May Forested Habitat: 2 harp traps set for 4 nights, another set bats up for 2 nights for a total of 10 trap nights

Anabat October to May Forested Habitat: 3 fixed anabat recordings of min 1hour over 3 nights at 3 separate locations, also included 3 nights of active monitoring during stagwatching (pointing recorder at flying individual – min 1 hr) Cleared Habitat / Ecotones / Dams: 2 fixed anabat recordings of min 1hour over 1 night and 1 night of active monitoring during stagwatching (pointing recorder at flying individual – min 1 hr)

Reptiles

Diurnal Reptiles Habitat Searches September to A total of 12 person hours have been dedicated to targeted March habitat searches for diurnal reptile activity during previous surveys.

Nocturnal Reptiles Spotlight Searches September to Spotlighting has been undertaken across the site over 4 March nights for a total of 5.5 hours. Opportunistic sightings were also collected during the extensive spotlighting events that occurred for nocturnal birds, mammals and microbats (see above).

All Diurnal and September to Opportunistic searches within specific habitats has nocturnal searches March occurred over 75 hours during previous surveys. – specific habitats

Funnel Trapping September to Moist Forest Habitats: Two funnel traplines over 4 March consecutive nights for a total of 150 trap days/nights

Amphibians

Nocturnal searches Spotlight searches / September to 15 separate nights of spotlighting, frog call detection and Playback / call March specific habitat searches (minimum 1 hour) with 2 detection additional nights of searches for the Wallum Froglet totalling 1.5 hours and one additional night of searches for Specific habitat September to the Green-thighed Frog totalling 1 hour searches March

Diurnal searches Opportunistic September to Opportunistic searches conducted throughout years of Search March survey on the site, and included diurnal call detection within the SEPP 14 wetland for Wallum Froglet.

Funnel Trapping September to Surveys conducted in June to target Wallum Froglet, 30 March funnel trap nights over 3 consecutive nights

* The “cleared habitats” were surveyed by AEP in 2016 and represent “contemporary data”.

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2.2 Current Assessment

2.2.1 Survey Methodology

All required fauna survey techniques were utilised for targeted survey of the species listed in Section 1.2 above and guided by the Threatened Species Survey and Assessment Guidelines (2004). The fauna survey effort is shown in Figure A1 – Fauna Survey Effort.

2.2.1.1 Small Terrestrial Mammal Trapping

Target species included the Common Planigale and Eastern Chestnut Mouse. Small mammals were targeted in the study area via the use of Elliott Type ‘A’ traps. Two traplines comprising 25 traps were each deployed within the “dry forest habitat” and the “moist forest habitat”. The traps were baited with a mixture of rolled oats and honey with a smear of peanut butter. The traps were checked early each morning, and where necessary, reset and rebaited. The traps were left out for four nights, giving a total of 200 small terrestrial trap nights.

A further four Elliot Type ‘A’ traps were placed along the pit-fall lines and represent a further 16 small terrestrial trap nights.

2.2.1.2 Medium Terrestrial Mammal Trapping

Medium terrestrial mammal trapping was not considered necessary based on the results of the previous assessments and targeted species identified within the Biobanking calculator.

2.2.1.3 Small Arboreal Mammal Trapping

The target species was the Eastern Pygmy Possum. Small arboreal mammals were targeted in the study area via the use of Elliot Type ‘E’ traps and mounted to suitable trees using brackets in close proximity (where possible) to Banksia spp. Two traplines comprising 13 and 12 traps respectively were each deployed within the “dry forest habitat” and the “moist forest habitat”. The traps were baited with a mixture of rolled oats and honey with a smear of peanut butter. The traps and trunks of the trees were sprayed with a mixture of water, sugar and vanilla essence to attract target species to the traps. The traps were checked early each morning, and where necessary, reset and rebaited. The traps were left out for four nights, giving a total of 100 small arboreal trap nights.

2.2.1.4 Medium Arboreal Mammal Trapping

The target species was the Brush-tailed Phascogale. Medium sized arboreal mammals were targeted by the use of Elliot Type ‘B’ traps. Two traplines comprising nine and ten traps respectively were placed in suitable trees using a bracket (with a presence for hollow bearing trees) and baited with a mixture of rolled oats and honey and dry dog food. The traps were checked early each morning, and where

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necessary, reset and rebaited. The traps were left out for four nights, giving a total of 76 medium arboreal trap nights.

2.2.1.5 Hair tubes

The target species for the hair tubes included Common Planigale, Eastern Chestnut Mouse, Eastern Pygmy Possum and Brush-tailed Phascogale. The hair tubes comprised two sizes, namely small sized (50 mm diameter) and large sized (90 mm diameter). Two traplines were deployed, being one each within the “dry forest habitat” and the “moist forest habitat”. Each trapline comprised 10 large terrestrial tubes, 10 small terrestrial tubes and 30 small terrestrial tubes. The tubes were left out for four nights, giving a total of 400 hair tube nights. The hair samples were analysed and identified by recognised expert Barbara Triggs (Dead Finish).

2.2.1.6 Harp Trapping

The target species for the harp trapping was the Golden-tipped Bat as it is generally unable to be recorded using Anabat detection methods. While the preferred habitat for the species being “…nests of Yellow-throated Scrubwren and Brown Gerygone, tree hollows, foliage, epiphytes. Often in the vicinity of drainage lines and creeks”, were generally absent from the site, locations for the harp traps were chosen based on the closest similarities to the habitat preferences on the development site. Two harp traps were deployed at two selected locations. One harp trap was subjected to vandalism after the first night of deployment and was rendered unusable for the remainder of the trapping program. The remaining trap was left out for four nights, giving a total of five harp trap nights.

2.2.1.7 Bat Call Recording

Bat echolocation calls were recorded using an Anabat Detector within the site. Call recording was undertaken by stationary units set for minimum 6 hours per night over four nights. Transformed calls were analysed by Dr Anna McConville (Echo Ecology) using commercially available software. This data supplements the contemporary data obtained in October 2015 and March 2016.

2.2.1.8 Camera Traps

The target species for the camera traps was all mammal species identified in Section 1.2. Four Scout-guard White-flash Camera Traps (SG 562-C) were deployed within the site. The cameras were set-up within both the “dry forest habitat” and the “moist forest habitat”. Across the duration of the project the cameras were deployed at 12 separate locations. The cameras were baited with a variety of different lures, which at various deployment locations included truffle oil, chicken wings, tuna, sardines, wet cat food, universal bait (rolled oats, honey and peanut butter), sugar water (water, sugar and vanilla essence), fresh mushrooms, eggs and fresh banksia and grevillea flowers. The camera traps were deployed for 30 nights, giving a total of 120 camera trap nights.

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2.2.1.9 Avifauna Surveys

The targeted species for avifauna surveys was the Regent Honeyeater (and also Swift Parrot – EPBC). The presence of avifauna on site was carried out via targeted diurnal winter survey as well as incidental observations during all other phases of fieldwork. A total of 12 person hours was undertaken on targeted avifauna surveys as well as over 40 person hours recording incidental observations.

2.2.1.10 Frog Surveys

Specific frog searches were carried out in each of the habitat units present. Nocturnal searches were made in areas of appropriate habitat. Such habitat included areas of thicker vegetation, in ground litter, near and under fallen timber, around piles of refuse, and wet / damp areas such as drainage lines, dams, wetland edges and areas of poor infiltration capacity and / or periodic inundation.

Physical frog searches were augmented by call recognition. Any calls unable to be clarified in the field were recorded for later comparison with commercially available recordings.

A targeted search was undertaken for Litoria brevipalmata (Green-thighed Frog) (and other frog species) following a period of wet weather in March and a targeted search was undertaken for Crinia tinnula (Wallum Froglet) in October 2015 and September 2016. The search involved a nocturnal search within appropriate habitat as well as call playback and call recognition. Active frog survey was undertaken over 12 person hours following favourable weather conditions.

Tadpole survey was undertaken within the small soak within the Swamp Forest which was around 25 m from the proposed development area. The survey involved comprehensive dip-netting of the entire soak.

Frog eggs were collected from the adjacent to the soak on 30 August 2016 following a rain event. The eggs were hatched and tadpoles grown-out for identification purposes.

Opportunistic encounters during all other phases of fieldwork were also noted.

2.2.1.11 Nocturnal Arboreal Snake Survey

The targeted species for the nocturnal arboreal snake survey was the Pale-headed Snake and Stephen’s Banded Snake. Spotlighting was undertaken for over 14.5 person hours on site over three nights via the use of 100 Watt hand-held spotlights. All traversable tracks across the site were surveyed to ensure comprehensive site survey was achieved, with all areas covered on foot.

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2.3 Survey Dates, Times and Activities

Dates and times for surveys conducted recently by AEP are provided below in Table A2, with Table A1 above demonstrating past survey effort.

Table A2 – AEP Field Survey Periods Date Time Field Activity 13/10/15 10:00 am – 11:30 am Initial site inspection with client 20/10/15 10:00 am – 3:00 pm Vegetation map ground-truthing, targeted flora searches, Melaleuca biconvexa counts, Fauna incidentals 21/10/15 6:30 pm – 10:00 pm Stag watch, spotlighting and call playback 22/10/15 10:30 am – 12:00 pm Anabat deployment, White-bellied Sea Eagle tree inspection 27/10/15 6:00 pm – 9:15 pm Spotlighting, call playback and Anabat collection 30/11/15 11:20 am – 12:45 pm Sea Eagle tree inspections, Vegetation checks, General observations 01/02/16 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm Deploy of fauna survey equipment (disturbed open grassland), fauna survey, incidentals. 02/02/16 7:30 am – 8:10 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 03/02/16 6:20 am – 7:10 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 04/02/16 6:15 am – 7:10 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 05/02/16 6:15 am – 8:10 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 18/02/16 9:30 am – 2:00 pm Hollow-bearing tree survey, targeted Cryptostylis hunteriana search, fauna survey, incidentals 19/02/16 9:30 am – 3:00 pm Targeted C. hunteriana search, fauna survey, incidentals 22/03/16 5:15 pm – 8:00 pm Targeted Litoria brevipalmata survey, white-bellied sea-eagle nest inspection, spotlighting 26/8/16 10:15 am – 4:00 pm Winter bird survey, Winter Orchid Surveys, Crinia tinnula call playback/survey, incidentals 29/8/16 9:30 am – 3:00 pm Winter bird survey, Winter Orchid Surveys, Crinia tinnula call playback/survey, incidentals 30/8/16 10:00 am – 2:30 pm Winter bird survey, Biobanking Plots, tadpole survey, incidentals 31/8/16 10:00 am – 4:30 pm Winter bird survey, Biobanking Plots, incidentals 5/9/16 1:00 pm – 4:00 pm Biobanking Plots, frog’s eggs collection, White-bellied Sea- eagle nest inspection, incidentals 6/9/16 9:15 am – 3:30 pm Biobanking Plots, Crinia tinnula call playback/survey, incidentals 12/9/16 9:00 am – 5:00 pm Deploy hair tubes, deploy camera traps, incidentals 12/9/16 5:30 pm – 9:30 pm Targeted nocturnal arboreal snake survey 16/9/16 9:30 am – 2:30 pm Hair tube collection, incidentals 14/9/16 6:25 pm – 7:30 pm Targeted frog survey and playback 28/9/16 10:00 am – 4:00 pm Pitfall trapline preparation, White-bellied Sea-eagle nest inspection, incidentals 3/10/16 10:30 am – 4:15 pm Deploy of fauna survey equipment (dry and moist forest habitats), fauna survey, incidentals. 4/10/16 5:45 am – 10:30 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 5/10/16 6:00 am – 9:00 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 6/10/16 6:00 am – 8:30 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals 7/10/16 6:00 am – 10:00 am Fauna survey equipment check, fauna survey, incidentals

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3.0 Results

Fauna surveys to date have identified 163 species within the subject site, consisting of 11 amphibian, 11 reptile, 43 mammal and 98 bird species. A full species list for fauna recorded on the site is provided in Appendix X.1. The Bat Call Identification Results attached in Appendix X.2. The hair tube analysis by Barbara Triggs is presented in Appendix X.3. The locations of the threatened species records is shown in Figure 2 – Location of Threatened Species Records below.

The most notable records are of the 15 threatened fauna species recorded within the site or nearby surrounds (this survey, previous surveys, Atlas records, anecdotal records), including:

 Wallum Froglet (Crinia tinnula) – habitat provided within the SEPP14 wetland and Swamp Sclerophyll Woodland. Habitat retained within proposed development.

 White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) – recorded nesting in SEPP14 wetland and observed perching regularly within a large Turpentine on the site in 2010. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

 Varied Sittella (Daphoenositta chrysoptera) –likely to be an irregular visitor to the site as part of wider movements. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting wider movement patterns).

 Little Lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla) – wide moving species that is likely to be an irregular visitor to the site when trees are flowering. Nesting potential available in hollow trees. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting wider movement patterns).

 Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua) – nesting, roosting and foraging habitat available on the site for the species. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

 Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis) – potential roosting and foraging habitat available on site. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

 Little Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus australis) – potential foraging habitat present on the site for the local population and roosting habitat available in the form of hollow trees. No maternity habitat (caves) present. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

 Eastern Bentwing-bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis) –potential foraging habitat present on the site for local population. No roosting or maternity habitat (caves) present. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

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 East-coast Freetail-bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis) - potential foraging habitat present on the site for local population. Roosting and breeding habitat present in the form of hollow trees. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

 Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) – identified Potential Koala Habitat present, with direct links to larger offsite areas to the west and connections through secondary habitat to small patches to the northeast. Habitat retained within proposed development. EPBC Listed.

 Yellow-bellied Glider (Petaurus australis) – foraging and nesting habitat present, and habitat connections to larger offsite areas of habitat to the west and south. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range).

 Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) – foraging and nesting habitat present, and habitat connections to larger offsite areas of habitat to the west and south. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger mone range).

 Long-nosed Potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) – foraging and nesting habitat present, and habitat connections to larger offsite areas of habitat to the west and south. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting larger home range). EPBC Listed.

 Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) - likely to be a seasonal visitor when fruiting / flowering resources are available over the wider locality. No camp areas present, but some potential areas for such to be established. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting wider movement patterns). EPBC Listed.

 Greater Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) - potential foraging habitat present on the site for local population. Roosting and breeding habitat present in the form of hollow trees. Habitat to be removed as part of development (noting wider home range).

Of the 15 threatened species recorded on site, all except for two are “Ecosystem Credit Species”. The two “Species Credit Species” are Koala and Wallum Froglet.

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4.0 Conclusion

The site has been subject to significant survey effort between the periods of 2003 to 2010 with contemporary data gathered between 2015 and 2016. The contemporary survey included comprehensive targeted survey for species predicted from within the Biobanking Credit Calculator.

It is considered that the recommended survey effort from the Threatened Species Survey and Assessment Guidelines for developments and activities (2004) for the target species predicted from within the Biobanking Calculator has been achieved.

The “Ecosystem Credit Species” with the highest “Threatened Species” multiplier is the Power Owl with a value of 3.0.

As noted above two “Species Credit Species” were recorded, being Koala and Wallum Froglet. The impact on these species is detailed within the BAR.

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5.0 References

Ambrose Ecological Services Pty Ltd (2007) Fauna survey and assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

Anne Clements and Associates (2014). Potential impact of the proposed lot layout on identified threatened flora on the 38ha site in Glenning Valley.

Anne Clements & Associates (2006) Ecological assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

Anne Clements & Associates (2006) Flora Assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

Biolink Ecological Consultants (2008) Koala Survey (SEPP 44 Assessment) - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

Churchill, S (2008). Australian Bats. Second Edition. Allen & Unwin Publishers.

Conacher Travers (2003) Flora and Fauna Assessment (of the Study Area being Lot 2 DP 1100181).

Conacher Travers (2003) Flora and Fauna Assessment of Lot 50 DP 755263 Berkeley Road Fountaindale. Conacher Travers (2003) Habitat tree survey (of the Study Area being Lot 2 DP 1100181).

Conacher Travers (2006) Flora and Fauna Assessment - Proposed Road Upgrade Berkeley Road, Berkeley Vale.

EcoLogical Australia (2011). Glenning Valley Improve or Maintain Assessment – Indicative Biocertification Calculations.

OEH (2016). Threatened Species, Populations and Ecological Communities website. (http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/)

NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (2004). Threatened Species Survey and Assessment Guidelines for developments and activities (working draft).

Strahan, R (2004). The Mammals of Australia. New Holland Publishers.

Travers Bushfire & Ecology (2013). Response to Council Conditions for a Gateway Determination Berkeley Road, Bundeena Road and Bottlebrush Drive, Glenning Valley.

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Travers Bushfire & Ecology (2010). Ecological Constraints and Analysis, Bundeena Road, Glenning Valley.

Travers bushfire & ecology (2009) Bushfire Protection Assessment - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

Travers bushfire & ecology (2008) Flora and Fauna Assessment of Lot 50 DP 755263 Berkeley Road Fountaindale.

Travers bushfire & ecology (2008) Habitat tree survey - Lot 2 DP 1100181.

Travers environmental consultants (2008) Ecological Assessment of Lot 50 DP 755263 & Incorporation of a Conservation Plan at 70 Berkeley Road, Fountaindale.

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Appendix A1 – Fauna Species List

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FAUNA SPECIES LIST

The following list includes fauna species that have been recorded on the development site, adjacent proposed development sites, as well as adjacent conservation zoned lands.

* - Introduced species

? - Unconfirmed record, anecdotal records etc.

A - NSW Atlas of Wildlife record of threatened species for the site.

Threatened species listed under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) or the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) are indicated in bold font.

BIRDS

Family Megapodiidae - Mound Builders Australian Brush-Turkey Alectura lathami

Family Anatidae - Ducks, Swans and Geese Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata

Family Pelecanidae- Pelican Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus

Family Ardeidae - Herons, Egrets and Bitterns Cattle Egret Ardea ibis White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae

Family Threskiornithidae - Ibises and Spoonbills Sacred Ibis Threskiornis molucca

Family Accipitridae - Osprey, Hawks, Eagles and Harriers Brown Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae Pacific Baza Aviceda subcristata White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus

Family Falconidae - Falcons Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides

Family Charadriidae - Plovers, Dotterels and Lapwings Black-fronted Dotterel Charadrius melanops Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles

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Family Columbidae - Pigeons, Doves White-headed Pigeon Columba leucomela Wonga Pigeon Leucosarcia melanoleuca Topknot Pigeon Lopholaimus antarcticus Brown Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia amboinensis Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes *Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis

Family Cacatuidae - Cockatoos and Corellas Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita Galah Cacatua roseicapilla Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhyncus funereus

Family Psittacidae - Parrots, Rosellas and Lorikeets King Parrot Alisterus scapularis Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus

Family Cuculidae - Cuckoos Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cuculus pyrrhophanus Brush Cuckoo Cuculus variolosus Common Koel Eudynamis scolopacea Channel-billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae

Family Centropodidae - Pheasant Coucal Pheasant Coucal Centropus phasianinus

Family Strigidae - Hawk-Owls Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae Powerful Owl Ninox strenua

Family Podargidae - Frogmouths Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides

Family Aegothelidae - Owlet Nightjars Australian Owlet Nightjar Aegotheles cristatus

Family Apodidae - Swifts White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus

Family Halcyonidae - Tree Kingfishers Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae Sacred Kingfisher Todiramphus sancta

Family Coraciidae - Rollers Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis

Family Climacteridae - Treecreepers White-throated Treecreeper Cormobates leucophaea

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Family Maluridae - Fairy-Wrens and Emu-Wrens Variegated Fairy-Wren Malurus assimilis Superb Fairy-Wren Malurus cyaneus

Family Pardalotidae - Pardalotes, Gerygones, Scrubwrens, Heathwrens and Thornbills Striated Thornbill Acanthiza lineata Yellow Thornbill Acanthiza nana Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla Brown Gerygone Gerygone mouki White-throated Gerygone Gerygone olivacea Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus Yellow-throated Scrubwren Sericornis citreogularis White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis Large-billed Scrubwren Sericornis magnirostris Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris

Family Meliphagidae - Honeyeaters Red Wattlebird Anthrochaera carunculata Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Little Wattlebird Anthrochaera chrysoptera Yellow-faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala Bell Miner Manorina melanophrys Lewin's Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii Scarlet Honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus White-cheeked Honeyeater Phylidonyris nigra

Family Petroicidae - Robins and Jacky Winter Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis Jacky Winter (Brown Flycatcher) Microeca leucophaea Rose Robin Petroica rosea

Family Cinclosomatidae - Whipbird and Quail-thrushes Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus

Family Neosittidae - Sittellas Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera

Family Pachycephalidae - Whistlers, Shrike-tit and Shrike-thrushes Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris

Family Dicruridae - Monarchs, Flycatchers, Fantails, Drongo and Magpie-Lark Spangled Drongo Dicrurus megarhynchus Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis Grey Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

Family Campephagidae - Cuckoo-shrikes and Trillers Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae

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Family Oriolidae - Orioles and Figbird Olive-backed Oriole Oriolus sagittatus Figbird Sphecotheres viridus

Family Artamidae - Wood-swallows, Butcherbirds, Magpie and Currawongs White-breasted Woodswallow Artamus leucorhynchus Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen Pied Currawong Strepera graculina

Family Corvidae - Crows, Raven Australian Raven Corvus coronoides

Family Ptilnorhynchidae – Bowerbirds, Catbirds Green Catbird Ailuroedus crassirostris Satin Bowerbird Ptilinorhynchus violaceus

Family Passeridae - Sparrows, Grassfinches, Mannikins Red-browed Finch Aegintha temporalis

Family Dicaeidae - Flowerpeckers Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum

Family Hirundinidae - Swallows and Martins Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena

Family Zosteropidae - White-eyes Silvereye Zosterops lateralis

Family Sturnidae - Starlings and Mynas *Common Myna Acridotheres tristis

AMPHIBIANS

Family Myobatrachidae - ‘Southern’ Frogs Common Eastern Froglet Crinia signifera Wallum Froglet Crinia tinnula Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii Spotted Grass Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis

Family Hylidae - Tree Frogs Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax Rocket Frog Litoria nasuta Peron's Tree Frog Litoria peronii Green Leaf Tree Frog Litoria phyllochroa Tyler’s Tree Frog Litoria tyleri Verreaux’s Tree Frog Litoria verreauxii

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REPTILES

Family Chelidae - Tortoises Eastern Snake-necked Tortoise Chelodina longicollis

Family Agamidae - Dragons Jacky Lizard Amphibolurus muricatus

Family Varanidae - Monitors Lace Monitor Varanus varius

Family Scinidae - Skinks Copper-tailed Skink Ctenotus taeniolatus Land Mullet Egernia major Eastern Water Skink Eulamprus quoyii Grass Skink Lampropholis delicata Garden Skink Lampropholis guichenoti Red-throated Skink Pseudomoia platynota

Family Colubridae Green Tree Snake Dendralaphis punctulata

Family Elapidae - Venomous Snakes Red-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus

MAMMALS

Family Dasyuridae - Dasyurids Dusky Antechinus Antechinus swainsonii Brown Antechinus Antechinus stuartii

Family Peramelidae - Bandicoots Northern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon macrourus Long-nosed Bandicoot Perameles nasuta

Family Phascolarctidae - Koala Koala Phascolarctos cinereus

Family Petauridae - Gliders Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis

Family Pseudocheiridae - Ringtail Possums and Greater Glider Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus

Family Acrobatidae - Feathertail Glider Feathertail Glider Acrobates pygamaeus

Family Phalangeridae - Brushtail Possums Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula

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Family Macropodidae - Kangaroos, Wallabies Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Swamp Wallaby Wallabia bicolor

Family Potoroidae – Potoroos Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus

Family Pteropodidae - Fruit Bats Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Little Red Flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus

Family Molossidae - Freetail Bats East-coast Freetail-bat Mormopterus norfolkensis Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus ridei White-striped Freetail-bat Nyctinomus australis

Family Vespertilionidae - Plain-nosed Bats Gould's Wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldi Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio Eastern False Pipistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis Little Bentwing-bat Miniopterus australis Eastern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis Lesser Long-eared Bat Nyctophylus geoffroyi Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus sp. Greater Broad-nosed Bat Scoteanax rueppellii Eastern Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens orion Large Forest Bat Vespadelus darlingtoni Eastern Forest Bat Vespadelus pumilus Southern Forest Bat Vespadelus regulus Little Forest Bat Vespaledus vulturnus

Family Muridae - Rodents Southern Bush Rat Rattus fuscipes Swamp Rat Rattus lutreolus *Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus *Black Rat Rattus rattus

Family Canidae *Fox Vulpes vulpes *Dog Canis familiaris

Family Felidae *Cat Felis catus

Family Leporidae *Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus

Family Equidae *Donkey Equus asinus *Horse Equus caballus

Family Bovidae *Cow Bos taurus

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Appendix A2 – Bat Call Analysis

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Bat Call Identification

Glenning Valley, NSW

Prepared for Anderson Environment & Planning

Job Reference BC_AND4 - November 2015

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

This report has been prepared to document the analysis of digital ultrasonic bat echolocation calls received from a third party. The data was not collected by the author and as such no responsibility is taken for the quality of data collection or for the suitability of its subsequent use.

This report was authored by

Dr Anna McConville PhD, B.Env.Sc.

Job Reference: BC_AND4 4 November 2015

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 2

2.0 Methods ...... 2

2.1 Characteristics Used to Differentiate Species ...... 3

3.0 Results ...... 3

4.0 Sample Calls ...... 7

5.0 References ...... 8

List of Tables

Table 3-1: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night) ...... 5

List of Figures

Figure 4-1: Chalinolobus gouldii definite call ...... 7

Figure 4-2: Miniopterus australis definite call ...... 7

Figure 4-3: Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei definite call ...... 7

Figure 4-4: Scoteanax rueppellii probable call ...... 8

Figure 4-5: Tadarida australis definite call ...... 8

Figure 4-6: Vespadelus darlingtoni probable call ...... 8

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report has been commissioned by Anderson Environment and Planning to analyse bat echolocation call data (Anabat, Titley Electronics) collected from Glenning Valley, NSW. Data was provided electronically to the author. This report documents the methods involved in analysing bat call data and the results obtained only.

2.0 METHODS

The identification of bat echolocation calls recorded during surveys was undertaken using AnalookW (Version 4.1t) software. The identification of calls was undertaken with reference to Pennay et al. (2004) and through the comparison of recorded reference calls from the Sydney Basin. Reference calls were obtained from the NSW database and from the authors personal collection.

Each call sequence (‘pass’) was assigned to one of five categories, according to the confidence with which an identification could be made, being:

• Definite - Pass identified to species level and could not be confused with another species

• Probable - Pass identified to species level and there is a low chance of confusion with another species

• Possible - Pass identified to species level but short duration or poor quality of the pass increases the chance of confusion with another species

• Species group - Pass could not be identified to species level and could belong to one of two or more species. Occurs more frequently when passes are short or of poor quality

• Unknown - Either background ‘noise’ files or passes by bats which are too short and/or of poor quality to confidently identify.

Call sequences that were less than three pulses in length were not analysed and were assigned to ‘Unknown’ and only search phase calls were analysed. Furthermore, some species are difficult to differentiate using bat call analysis due to overlapping call frequencies and similar shape of plotted calls and in these cases calls were assigned to species groups.

The total number of passes (call sequences) per unit per night was tallied to give an index of activity.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

It should be noted that the activity levels recorded at different sites may not be readily able to be compared. Such comparisons are dependent on many variables which need to be carefully controlled during data collection and statistically analysed. Influential variables include wind, rain, temperature, duration of recording, season, detector and microphone sensitivity, detector placement, weather protection devices etc.

2.1 Characteristics Used to Differentiate Species

Miniopterus australis was differentiated from Vespadelus pumilus, by characteristic frequency or the presence of a down-sweeping tail on pulses.

Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis was differentiated by Vespadelus sp. by a combination of uneven consecutive pulses and the presence of a down-sweeping tail. Long, high quality call sequences with regularly-spaced consecutive pulses, few down-sweeping tails and higher or lower characteristic frequencies were assigned to Vespadelus darlingtoni or Vespadelus regulus.

Chalinolobus gouldii was differentiated from other species by the presence of curved, alternating call pulses. Scoteanax rueppellii was differentiated from Falsistrellus tasmaniensis and Scotorepens orion only at lower frequencies. It was differentiated from Chalinolobus gouldii (to a probable confidence) in long call sequences by high knee frequency, long characteristic section and no pulse alternation.

Tadarida australis was differentiated from other bat species on the basis of characteristic frequency.

3.0 RESULTS

A total of 501 call sequences were recorded, of which 120 call sequences were able to be analysed (ie were not ‘noise’ files or bat calls of short length). Of the bat calls, 57 call sequences (48 %) were able to be confidently identified (those classified as either definite or probable identifications) to species level (Table 3-1). Species recorded confidently within the site include:

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

• Tadarida australis (White-striped free-tailed bat) • Vespadelus darlingtoni (Large forest bat)

Additionally, the following bat species potentially occurred within the site, but could not be confidently identified (those calls classified as possible or as a species group):

• Chalinolobus morio (Chocolate wattled bat) • Falsistrellus tasmaniensis (Eastern falsistrelle) • Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis (Eastern bentwing bat) • Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis (East coast free-tailed bat) • Scotorepens orion (Eastern broad-nosed bat) • Vespadelus pumilus (Eastern forest bat) • Vespadelus regulus (Southern forest bat) • Vespadelus vulturnus (Little forest bat)

It should be noted that additional bat species may be present within the site but were not recorded by the detectors and habitat assessment should be used in conjunction with these results to determine the likelihood of occurrence of other bat species.

Table 3-1 below summarises the results of the bat call analysis.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Table 3-1: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night)

IDENTIFICATION /10/2015 /10/2015 /10/2015 Anabat Anabat Anabat Anabat 25/10/2015 26 27 28

DEFINITE

Chalinolobus gouldii 2 2 - 2

Miniopterus australis 2 - 13 -

Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 1 1 1 -

Tadarida australis 2 2 - -

PROBABLE

Chalinolobus gouldii 7 11 - 1

Miniopterus australis 1 - 3 -

Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 1 - 2 1

Scoteanax rueppellii - - - 1

Vespadelus darlingtoni - - - 1

POSSIBLE

Chalinolobus gouldii 1 - - -

Scoteanax rueppellii 1 - - -

SPECIES GROUPS

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis / Mormopterus 4 3 2 2 (Ozimops) ridei

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 10 6 1 1

Chalinolobus gouldii / Scoteanax rueppellii 2 3 - 2

Chalinolobus morio / Vespadelus pumilus / Vespadelus vulturnus 3 2 3 -

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis / Scotorepens orion / Scoteanax rueppellii 4 5 2 2

Miniopterus australis / Vespadelus pumilus 1 2 - -

Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis / Vespadelus darlingtoni / Vespadelus 1 - - - regulus

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

IDENTIFICATION /10/2015 /10/2015 /10/2015 Anabat Anabat Anabat Anabat 25/10/2015 26 27 28

UNKNOWN

‘Noise’ files 139 4 4 206

Unknown 8 11 7 2

TOTAL 190 52 38 221

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

4.0 SAMPLE CALLS

A sample of the calls actually identified from the site for each species is given below.

Figure 4-1: Chalinolobus gouldii definite call

Figure 4-2: Miniopterus australis definite call

Figure 4-3: Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei definite call

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 4-4: Scoteanax rueppellii probable call

Figure 4-5: Tadarida australis definite call

Figure 4-6: Vespadelus darlingtoni probable call

5.0 REFERENCES

Adams, M., Reardon, T.R., Baverstock, P.R. and Watts, C.H.S. (1988). Electrophoretic resolution of species boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. IV. The Molossidae (Chiroptera). Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41: 315-326.

Australasian Bat Society Incorporated (undated) Standards for reporting bat detector surveys, http://batcall.csu.edu.au/abs/issues/ABS Anabat survey standards.pdf

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Churchill, S. (2008). Australian Bats. Second Edition Allen & Unwin; Crows Nest, NSW.

Hoye, G.A, Law, B.S. and Lumsden, L.F. (2008). Eastern Free-tailed Bat Mormopterus sp. Pp. 493-495 in The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition (S. van Dyck and R. Strahan, Eds.); New Holland; Sydney.

Law, B.S., Turbill, C. and Parnaby, H. (2008). Eastern Forest Bat Vespadelus pumilus. Pp. 567-568 in The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition (S. van Dyck & R. Strahan; Eds.); New Holland; Sydney.

Law, B.S., Reinhold, L. and Pennay, M. (2002). Geographic variation in the echolocation calls of Vespadelus spp. (Vespertilionidae) from New South Wale and Queensland, Australia. Acta Chiropterologica 4: 201-215.

Pennay, M., Law, B. and Reinhold, L. (2004). Bat calls of New South Wales: Region based guide to the echolocation calls of Microchiropteran bats. NSW Department of Environment and Conservation, Hurstville.

Reinhold, L., Law, B., Ford, G. and Pennay, M. (2001a). Key to the bat calls of south-east Queensland and north-east New South Wales. Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines, State Forests of New South Wales, University of Southern Queensland, and New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Australia.

Reinhold, L., Herr, A., Lumsden, L., Reardon, T., Corben, C., Law, B., Prevett, P., Ford, G., Conole, L., Kutt, A., Milne, D. and Hoye, G. (2001b). Geographic variation in the echolocation calls of Gould’s wattled bat Chalinolobus gouldii. Australian Zoologist 31: 618- 624.

Richards, G.C., Ford, G.I. and Pennay, M. (2008). Inland Free-tailed Bat Mormopterus sp. Pp. 494-495 in The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition (S. van Dyck and R. Strahan, Eds.); New Holland; Sydney.

Thomas, D.W., Bell, G.P. and Fenton, M.B. (1987). Variation in echolocation call frequencies recorded from North American vespertilionid bats: a cautionary note. Journal of Mammalogy 68: 842-847.

Van Dyck, S. and Strahan, R. (Eds.) (2008). The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition. New Holland; Sydney.

Job Reference: BC_AND4 November 2015 Page 9

Bat Call Identification

Glenning Valley, NSW

Prepared for Anderson Environment & Planning

Job Reference BC_AND4 - September 2016

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

This report was authored by

Dr Anna McConville PhD, B.Env.Sc.

Job Reference: BC_AND4 28 September 2016

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 1

2.0 Methods ...... 1

2.1 Characteristics Used to Differentiate Species ...... 2

3.0 Results ...... 3

4.0 Sample Calls ...... 6

5.0 References ...... 8

List of Tables

Table 3-1: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night) ...... 4

List of Figures

Figure 4-1: Austronomus australis definite call ...... 6

Figure 4-2: Chalinolobus gouldii probable call ...... 6

Figure 4-3: Chalinolobus morio definite call ...... 6

Figure 4-4: Miniopterus australis definite call ...... 7

Figure 4-5: Mormopterus ridei definite call ...... 7

Figure 4-6: Nyctophilus spp. species group ...... 7

Figure 4-7: Vespdaleus pumilus definite call ...... 7

Job Reference: BC_AND4 September 2016

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 METHODS

The identification of bat echolocation calls recorded during surveys was undertaken using AnalookW (Chris Corben, Version 4.2d) software. The identification of calls was undertaken with reference to Pennay et al. (2004) and through the comparison of recorded reference calls from the Sydney Basin. Reference calls were obtained from the NSW database and from the authors personal collection.

Each call sequence (‘pass’) was assigned to one of five categories, according to the confidence with which an identification could be made, being:

• Definite - Pass identified to species level and could not be confused with another species

• Probable - Pass identified to species level and there is a low chance of confusion with another species

• Possible - Pass identified to species level but short duration or poor quality of the pass increases the chance of confusion with another species

• Species group - Pass could not be identified to species level and could belong to one of two or more species. Occurs more frequently when passes are short or of poor quality

• Unknown - Either background ‘noise’ files or passes by bats which are too short and/or of poor quality to confidently identify.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

The total number of passes (call sequences) per unit per night was tallied to give an index of activity.

It should be noted that the activity levels recorded at different sites may not be readily able to be compared. Activity levels should not be compared among species as different species have different detectability due to factors such as call loudness, foraging strategy and call identifying features. Activity comparisons among sites are dependent on many variables which need to be carefully controlled during data collection and statistically analysed. Influential variables include wind, rain, temperature, duration of recording, season, detector and microphone sensitivity, detector placement, weather protection devices etc.

Nomenclature follows the Australian Chiroptera taxonomic list described by Reardon et al. (2015).

2.1 Characteristics Used to Differentiate Species

Miniopterus australis was differentiated from Vespadelus pumilus, by characteristic frequency or the presence of a down-sweeping tail on pulses. Call sequences which had a majority of pulses containing an up-sweeping tail were assigned to Vespadelus pumilus.

Chalinolobus morio calls were differentiated from those of Vespadelus sp. by the presence of a down-sweeping tail on the majority of pulses. We do not confidently identify Vespadelus troughtoni from bat calls in this region as it overlaps in frequency with both Vespadelus pumilus and Vespadelus vulturnus and we find it difficult to distinguish based on other call characteristics.

Calls from Mormopterus spp. were differentiated by the presence of mainly flat pulses. Mormopterus ridei was differentiated from Mormopterus norfolkensis by characteristic frequency or in long call sequences that showed little pulse alternation.

Chalinolobus gouldii was differentiated from other species by the presence of curved, alternating call pulses.

Scotorepens orion, Scoteanax rueppellii and Falsistrellus tasmaniensis were unable to be differentiated from one another. Falsistrellus tasmaniensis is most frequently recorded from more elevated locations in the region and so its occurrence within the study area is unlikely. However, some records exist from coastal lowlands and so we have included it in our species groups as a precautionary measure.

Nyctophilus spp. calls were identified from Myotis macropus by pulse intervals > 95 ms and an initial slope of < 300 OPS. Nyctophilus corbeni, Nyctophilus geoffroyi and Nyctophilus gouldi were unable to be differentiated.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Austronomus australis was differentiated from other bat species on the basis of characteristic frequency.

Phoniscus papuensis (Golden-tipped Bat) has a very quiet call that is not often recorded on bat detectors.

3.0 RESULTS

A total of 1,456 call sequences were recorded, of which 200 call sequences were able to be analysed (ie were not ‘noise’ files or bat calls of short length). Of the bat calls, 150 call sequences (75 %) were able to be confidently identified (those classified as either definite or probable identifications) to species level (Table 3-1). Species recorded confidently within the site include:

• Austronomus australis (White-striped Free-tailed Bat) • Chalinolobus gouldii (Gould’s Wattled Bat) • Chalinolobus morio (Chocolate Wattled Bat) • Miniopterus australis (Little Bent-winged Bat) • Mormopterus ridei (Ride’s Free-tailed Bat) • Vespadelus pumilus (Eastern Forest Bat)

Additionally, the following bat species potentially occurred within the site, but could not be confidently identified (those calls classified as possible or as a species group):

• Falsistrellus tasmaniensis (Eastern Falsistrelle) • Mormopterus norfolkensis (Eastern coastal Free-tailed Bat) • Myotis macropus (Large-footed Myotis) • Nyctophilus geoffroyi (Lesser long-eared bat) • Nyctophilus gouldi (Gould’s long-eared bat) • Scoteanax rueppellii (Greater Broad-nosed Bat) • Scotorepens orion (Eastern Broad-nosed Bat) • Vespadelus troughtoni (Eastern cave bat) • Vespadelus vulturnus (Little Forest Bat)

It should be noted that additional bat species may be present within the site but were not recorded by the detectors (or are difficult to identify by bat call) and habitat assessment should be used in conjunction with these results to determine the likelihood of occurrence of other bat species.

Table 3-1 below summarises the results of the bat call analysis.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Table 3-1: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night)

IDENTIFICATION Anabat Anabat Anabat Anabat 12/09/2016 13/09/2016 14/09/2016 15/09/2016 DEFINITE

Austronomus australis - - - 1

Chalinolobus morio 1 - - -

Miniopterus australis 45 8 31 57

Mormopterus ridei 1 - - -

Vespadelus pumilus - 1 - 1

PROBABLE

Chalinolobus gouldii - 1 - 1

Miniopterus australis - - - 1

Vespadelus pumilus - - - 1

POSSIBLE

Chalinolobus gouldii - 2 - -

SPECIES GROUPS

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus norfolkensis / 2 - 2 1 Mormopterus ridei

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus ridei - - 4 -

Chalinolobus gouldii / Scoteanax rueppellii 12 - 1 -

Chalinolobus morio / Vespadelus pumilus / - 2 1 4 Vespadelus vulturnus / Vespadelus troughtoni

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis / Scotorepens orion / - 1 1 - Scoteanax rueppellii

Miniopterus australis / Vespadelus pumilus 2 - - 7

Myotis macropus / Nyctophilus geoffroyi / Nyctophilus 1 - 3 2 gouldi

Nyctophilus geoffroyi / Nyctophilus gouldi - - - 2

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

IDENTIFICATION Anabat Anabat Anabat Anabat 12/09/2016 13/09/2016 14/09/2016 15/09/2016 UNKNOWN

‘Noise’ files 10 670 533 -

Unknown 16 4 5 18

TOTAL 90 689 581 96

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

4.0 SAMPLE CALLS

A sample of the calls actually identified from the site for each species is given below.

Figure 4-1: Austronomus australis definite call

Figure 4-2: Chalinolobus gouldii probable call

Figure 4-3: Chalinolobus morio definite call

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 4-4: Miniopterus australis definite call

Figure 4-5: Mormopterus ridei definite call

Figure 4-6: Nyctophilus spp. species group

Figure 4-7: Vespdaleus pumilus definite call

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

5.0 REFERENCES

Adams, M. D., Law, B.S., French, K.O. (2009). "Vegetation structure influences the vertical stratification of open- and edge-space aerial-foraging bats in harvested forests." Forest Ecology and Management 258(9): 2090-2100.

Adams, M. D., Law, B.S., French, K.O. (2010). Reliable automation of bat call identification for eastern New South Wales, Australia, using classification trees and AnaScheme software. Acta Chiropterologica 12(1): 231-245.

Australasian Bat Society Incorporated (undated) Standards for reporting bat detector surveys, http://batcall.csu.edu.au/abs/issues/ABS Anabat survey standards.pdf

Churchill, S. (2008). Australian Bats. Second Edition Allen & Unwin; Crows Nest, NSW.

Reardon, T., Armstrong, K., Jackson, S. (2015). A current taxonomic list of Australian Chiroptera, Australasian Bat Society, Inc. Version 2015-05-15.

Van Dyck, S. and Strahan, R. (Eds.) (2008). The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition. New Holland; Sydney.

Job Reference: BC_AND4 September 2016 Page 8

Bat Call Identification

Glenning Valley, NSW

Prepared for Anderson Environment & Planning

Job Reference BC_AND4 - March 2016

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

This report was authored by

Dr Anna McConville PhD, B.Env.Sc.

Job Reference: BC_AND4 1 March 2016

Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Contents

1.0 Introduction ...... 3

2.0 Methods ...... 3

2.1 Characteristics Used to Differentiate Species ...... 4

3.0 Results ...... 4

3.1 October 2015 ...... 4

3.2 February 2016 ...... 10

4.0 Discussion ...... 16

5.0 Sample Calls ...... 17

6.0 References ...... 19

List of Tables

Table 3-1: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night) for 2015 6

Table 3-2: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night) for 2016 ...... 11

List of Figures

Figure 3-1: Time of Chalinolobus gouldii calls during the 2015 survey ...... 7

Figure 3-2: Time of Miniopterus australis calls during the 2015 survey ...... 8

Figure 3-3: Time of Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei calls during the 2015 survey ...... 8

Figure 3-4: Time of Tadarida australis calls during the 2015 survey ...... 9

Figure 3-5: Time of Scoteanax rueppellii calls during the 2015 survey ...... 9

Figure 3-6: Time of Vespadelus darlingtoni calls during the 2015 survey ...... 10

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-7: Time of Chalinolobus gouldii calls during the 2016 survey ...... 12

Figure 3-8: Time of Miniopterus australis calls during the 2016 survey ...... 13

Figure 3-9: Time of Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis calls during the 2016 survey ...... 13

Figure 3-10: Time of Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei calls during the 2016 survey ..... 14

Figure 3-11: Time of Scoteanax rueppellii calls during the 2016 survey ...... 14

Figure 3-12: Time of Tadarida australis calls during the 2016 survey ...... 15

Figure 4-1: Chalinolobus gouldii definite call ...... 17

Figure 4-2: Miniopterus australis definite call ...... 17

Figure 4-3: Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis definite call...... 17

Figure 4-4: Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei definite call ...... 18

Figure 4-5: Scoteanax rueppellii probable call ...... 18

Figure 4-6: Tadarida australis definite call ...... 18

Figure 4-7: Vespadelus darlingtoni probable call ...... 18

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 METHODS

The identification of bat echolocation calls recorded during surveys was undertaken using AnalookW (Versions 4.1t and 4.1z) software. The identification of calls was undertaken with reference to Pennay et al. (2004) and through the comparison of recorded reference calls from the Sydney Basin. Reference calls were obtained from the NSW database and from the authors personal collection.

Each call sequence (‘pass’) was assigned to one of five categories, according to the confidence with which an identification could be made, being:

• Definite - Pass identified to species level and could not be confused with another species

• Probable - Pass identified to species level and there is a low chance of confusion with another species

• Possible - Pass identified to species level but short duration or poor quality of the pass increases the chance of confusion with another species

• Species group - Pass could not be identified to species level and could belong to one of two or more species. Occurs more frequently when passes are short or of poor quality

• Unknown - Either background ‘noise’ files or passes by bats which are too short and/or of poor quality to confidently identify.

The total number of passes (call sequences) per unit per night was tallied to give an index of activity. In addition, the number of passes per unit was tallied for every 5 min period and the results graphed for confidently identified species (definite and probable identifications).

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

2.1 Characteristics Used to Differentiate Species

Miniopterus australis was differentiated from Vespadelus pumilus, by characteristic frequency or the presence of a down-sweeping tail on pulses.

Calls from Mormopterus sp. were differentiated by the presence of mainly flat pulses. Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei was differentiated from Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis in long call sequences with few alternating pulses. Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis was identified from long call sequences where pulses regularly alternated.

Tadarida australis was differentiated from other bat species on the basis of characteristic frequency.

3.0 RESULTS

3.1 October 2015

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

• Chalinolobus gouldii (Gould’s wattled bat) • Miniopterus australis (Little bentwing bat) • Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei (Eastern free-tailed bat) • Scoteanax rueppellii (Greater broad-nosed bat) • Tadarida australis (White-striped free-tailed bat) • Vespadelus darlingtoni (Large forest bat)

Additionally, the following bat species potentially occurred within the site, but could not be confidently identified (those calls classified as possible or as a species group):

No social calls were recorded during the 2015 survey.

Table 3-1 below summarises the results of the bat call analysis for 2015 and Figures 3-1 to 3-6 illustrate the time of night that bat call recordings were made for individual species (definite and probable identifications only).

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Table 3-1: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night) for 2015

IDENTIFICATION Anabat Anabat Anabat Anabat 25/10/2015 26/10/2015 27/10/2015 28/10/2015

DEFINITE

Chalinolobus gouldii 2 2 - 2

Miniopterus australis 2 - 13 -

Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 1 1 1 -

Tadarida australis 2 2 - -

PROBABLE

Chalinolobus gouldii 7 11 - 1

Miniopterus australis 1 - 3 -

Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 1 - 2 1

Scoteanax rueppellii - - - 1

Vespadelus darlingtoni - - - 1

POSSIBLE

Chalinolobus gouldii 1 - - -

Scoteanax rueppellii 1 - - -

SPECIES GROUPS

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis / Mormopterus 4 3 2 2 (Ozimops) ridei

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 10 6 1 1

Chalinolobus gouldii / Scoteanax rueppellii 2 3 - 2

Chalinolobus morio / Vespadelus pumilus / Vespadelus vulturnus 3 2 3 -

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis / Scotorepens orion / Scoteanax rueppellii 4 5 2 2

Miniopterus australis / Vespadelus pumilus 1 2 - -

Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis / Vespadelus darlingtoni / Vespadelus 1 - - - regulus

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

IDENTIFICATION Anabat Anabat Anabat Anabat 25/10/2015 26/10/2015 27/10/2015 28/10/2015

UNKNOWN

‘Noise’ files 139 4 4 206

Unknown 8 11 7 2

TOTAL 190 52 38 221

Figure 3-1: Time of Chalinolobus gouldii calls during the 2015 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-2: Time of Miniopterus australis calls during the 2015 survey

Figure 3-3: Time of Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei calls during the 2015 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-4: Time of Tadarida australis calls during the 2015 survey

Figure 3-5: Time of Scoteanax rueppellii calls during the 2015 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-6: Time of Vespadelus darlingtoni calls during the 2015 survey

3.2 February 2016

A total of 98 call sequences were recorded, of which 86 call sequences were able to be analysed (ie were not ‘noise’ files or bat calls of short length). Of the bat calls, 45 call sequences (52 %) were able to be confidently identified (those classified as either definite or probable identifications) to species level (Table 3-1). Species recorded confidently within the site include:

• Chalinolobus gouldii (Gould’s wattled bat) • Miniopterus australis (Little bentwing bat) • Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis (East coast free-tailed bat) • Scoteanax rueppellii (Greater broad-nosed bat) • Tadarida australis (White-striped free-tailed bat)

Additionally, the following bat species potentially occurred within the site, but could not be confidently identified (those calls classified as possible or as a species group):

• Falsistrellus tasmaniensis (Eastern falsistrelle) • Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis (Eastern bentwing bat) • Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei (Eastern free-tailed bat) • Scotorepens orion (Eastern broad-nosed bat)

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

• Vespadelus darlingtoni (Large forest bat) • Vespadelus regulus (Southern forest bat)

No social calls were recorded during the 2016 survey.

Table 3-2 below summarises the results of the bat call analysis for 2016 and Figures 3-7 to 3-12 illustrate the time of night that bat call recordings were made for individual species (definite and probable identifications only).

Table 3-2: Results of bat call analysis (number of passes per site per night) for 2016

IDENTIFICATION Anabat 25/10/2015

DEFINITE

Chalinolobus gouldii 17

Miniopterus australis 1

Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis 1

Tadarida australis 1

PROBABLE

Chalinolobus gouldii 11

Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis 1

Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 4

Scoteanax rueppellii 9

SPECIES GROUPS

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis / Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 9

Chalinolobus gouldii / Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 2

Chalinolobus gouldii / Scoteanax rueppellii 5

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis / Scotorepens orion 2

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Falsistrellus tasmaniensis / Scotorepens orion / Scoteanax rueppellii 16

Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis / Vespadelus darlingtoni / Vespadelus regulus 3

Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis / Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei 4

UNKNOWN

‘Noise’ files 2

Unknown 10

TOTAL 98

Figure 3-7: Time of Chalinolobus gouldii calls during the 2016 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-8: Time of Miniopterus australis calls during the 2016 survey

Figure 3-9: Time of Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis calls during the 2016 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-10: Time of Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei calls during the 2016 survey

Figure 3-11: Time of Scoteanax rueppellii calls during the 2016 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 3-12: Time of Tadarida australis calls during the 2016 survey

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

4.0 DISCUSSION

The identification and interpretation of bat calls in Australia is still in need of greater research. As such, care needs to be taken when using the results from bat detector surveys. Habitat assessment should always be used in conjunction with bat detector and trapping surveys to identify the bat species likely to occur within any particular site.

Bat activity levels are often used in research as an indicator of habitat quality. High activity is often used to imply high quality habitat. This high quality habitat may result from a nearby roost, good foraging habitat, a drinking source or a combination of factors. Activity levels are useful when comparing bat habitat among different sites (providing bat detectors are calibrated). However, some caution still needs to be applied when interpreting activity levels. The calls of some species overlap in diagnostic parameters with other bat species and are difficult to identify. These species may be rarely identified from bat detector surveys and may seem to have low activity levels in the results relative to other species that have easily recognisable calls. So comparing activity levels among species is often not useful. We include calls that are unable to be identified to species groups to provide you with an indication of the species that may be present but also the proportion of calls unable to be confidently identified.

While we have displayed bat activity over time to allow greater insight into when bats were active within the site, it should be noted that calls recorded early in the night do not necessarily indicate that a roost for that species occurs in the immediate vicinity of the bat detector. Some bat species are highly mobile and may fly great distances very quickly to move from roosts to foraging grounds (e.g. Mormopterus norfolkensis - McConville et al 2013).

The presence of social calls may indicate a nearby roost. However, these calls are poorly understood, difficult to identify to species level and may occur in other areas where bats congregate such as near drinking sources. In a similar manner, the presence of feeding buzzes usually indicate foraging attempts. However, care should be taken when calls are recorded over water as similar calls are made when bats fly in to drink.

Additionally, bats that are travelling long distances from roost to foraging ground may be recorded as they commute, so the presence of a particular species does not necessarily indicate good foraging or roosting habitat. However, this aspect of bat ecology (commuting habitat) is very poorly understood in Australia.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

5.0 SAMPLE CALLS

A sample of the calls actually identified from the site for each species is given below.

Figure 4-1: Chalinolobus gouldii definite call

Figure 4-2: Miniopterus australis definite call

Figure 4-3: Mormopterus (Micronomus) norfolkensis definite call

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Figure 4-4: Mormopterus (Ozimops) ridei definite call

Figure 4-5: Scoteanax rueppellii probable call

Figure 4-6: Tadarida australis definite call

Figure 4-7: Vespadelus darlingtoni probable call

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

6.0 REFERENCES

Australasian Bat Society Incorporated (undated) Standards for reporting bat detector surveys, http://batcall.csu.edu.au/abs/issues/ABS Anabat survey standards.pdf

Churchill, S. (2008). Australian Bats. Second Edition Allen & Unwin; Crows Nest, NSW.

Hoye, G.A, Law, B.S. and Lumsden, L.F. (2008). Eastern Free-tailed Bat Mormopterus sp. Pp. 493-495 in The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition (S. van Dyck and R. Strahan, Eds.); New Holland; Sydney.

Law, B.S., Turbill, C. and Parnaby, H. (2008). Eastern Forest Bat Vespadelus pumilus. Pp. 567-568 in The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition (S. van Dyck & R. Strahan; Eds.); New Holland; Sydney.

McConville, A., et al. (2013). "Mangroves as maternity roosts for a colony of the rare east- coast free-tailed bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis) in south-eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 40(4): 318-327.

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Bat Call Analysis Glenning Valley, NSW

Thomas, D.W., Bell, G.P. and Fenton, M.B. (1987). Variation in echolocation call frequencies recorded from North American vespertilionid bats: a cautionary note. Journal of Mammalogy 68: 842-847.

Van Dyck, S. and Strahan, R. (Eds.) (2008). The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition. New Holland; Sydney.

Job Reference: BC_AND4 March 2016 Page 20

Appendix A3 – Hair Tube Analysis

Prepared by Anderson Environment and Planning

Glenning Valley, Central Coast, NSW Hair tube analysis 16/9/2016

No. Tube # Tube size, location Mammal ID - definite Mammal ID - probable 1 21 Small arboreal Petaurus breviceps/norfolcensis P. norfolcensis 2 22 Small arboreal few fine hairs Petaurus sp. 3 23 Large terrestrial Rattus lutreolus 4 40 Large terrestrial few rodent hairs Rattus sp. 5 42 Large terrestrial one fine hair possum or glider 6 50 Small terrestrial R. lutreolus 7 54 Large terrestrial Trichosurus sp. T. vulpecula 8 69 Small arboreal no hairs - pink thread 9 70 Small arboreal Trichosurus sp. T. vulpecula 10 97 Small terrestrial one macropod hair Wallabia bicolor

Prepared by Anderson Environment and Planning

Appendix A4 – Fauna Photographs

Prepared by Anderson Environment and Planning

Squirrel Glider recorded within the proposed development area

Long-nosed Potoroo recorded within the proposed development area

Brown antechinus with pups trapped in an arboreal Elliot E trap

Prepared by Anderson Environment and Planning