IMPACT ASSESSMENT FLORAFAUNA AND APPENDIX C- APPENDICES 7
APPENDIX C-7 | FLORA AND FAUNA IMPACT ASSESSMENT FBASE
Jervois Base Metals Project, EL 25429, Landscape, Flora and Fauna Report September 2017 and May 2018
For KGL Resources
Prepared by: Low Ecological Services P/L July 2018
Low Ecological Services P/L PO Box 3130, Alice Springs, NT 0871 Ph: (08) 89 555 222 Fax: (08) 89 555 722
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.lowecol.com.au
KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
FRONTISPIECE Top: view over Project area looking north from Gidyea Woodland at site J13 to the east of EL25429. Bottom left to right: Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis (Fat-tailed false antechnius), data deficient Eremophila cordatisepala (A desert fuchsia bush), Pogona vitticeps (central-bearded dragon).
DOCUMENT CONTROL DISCLAIMER This document has been prepared by Low Ecological Services (LES) for Nitro Solutions Pty Ltd in accordance with an agreement with Nitro Solutions Pty Ltd and KGL Resources. LES have prepared this document using the skill and care expected from professional scientists to provide factual and technical information and reasonable solutions to identified risks. This document does not constitute legal advice. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LES acknowledges the assistance of Rudy Lennartz, KGL Resources, for site familiarisation and assistance with setting up trap sites. LES would also like to acknowledge Des Nelson for plant identification and Dennis Matthews for bat call identification. Assistance from other Low Ecological staff including Xavier Tingle and Mareike Pohling, was integral to field work and report preparation. Discussions with KGL staff and contractors on site added additional perspective and observations.
DOCUMENT DETAILS Name of Document: Jervois Base Metal Project Landscape Flora and Fauna Report Authors: Katie Degnian, Lauren Young, Charlotte Klempin and Bill Low Client: Nitro Solutions Pty Ltd on behalf of KGL Resources Name of Project: KGL Resources - Jervois Base Metal Project
DOCUMENT CONTROL Approvals Name Signature Date Originator: Low Ecological Services P/L 19/7/18
Reviewer: Meghan Sharp, Nitro Solutions 24/08/2018
Administrator: Nitro Solutions
Approver: Nitro Solutions
Custodian: KGL Resources
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REVISION DETAILS Date Revision Details Name Company 21/06/2018 V1 2018 data Charlotte Klempin Low Ecological Services P/L added 19/7/18 Version1 Reviewed Bill Low Low Ecological Services P/L 23/08/2018 V1 Reviwed Megan Sharp Nitro Solutions 24/08/2018 V2 Reviewed Charlotte Klempin Low Ecological Services P/L 27/08/2018 V2 Reviewed Megan Sharp Nitro Solutions
30/8/18 V3 Final draft Charlotte Klempin Low Ecological Services P/L
8/9/18 V3 Final pdf Bill Low Low Ecological Services P/L
PREFACE All information on proposed developments and operations contained in this document has been supplied by Nitro Solutions Pty Ltd and KGL Resources.
This report is a consolidation of the 2017 dry season survey report and the 2018 post wet season survey results.
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Glossary TERM DEFINITION ACRIS Australian Collaborative Rangelands Information System
AnalookW Software used to analyse bat data calls
ASC Australian Soil Classification
Bevelled A sloping edge
BoM Bureau of Meteorology
Boulder scree Colluvial loose debris accumulated at the foot of a cliff comprising angular stones stopes and boulders Colluvial aprons Typically loosely consolidated angular material located at the base of a steep hill slope or cliff Cuesta A ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other.
DENR NT Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The department includes the key functions that foster and protect the environment and natural resources in the Northern Territory DoEE Commonwealth Department of Environment and Energy. The Department designs and implements Australian Government policy and programs to protect and conserve the environment, water and heritage, promote climate action, and provide adequate, reliable and affordable energy; including EPBC Act DPIR NT Department of Primary Industry and Resources
EA Act Environmental Assessment Act. An act to provide for the assessment of the environmental effects of development proposals and for the protection of the environment EIS Environmental Impact Statement. A document prepared to describe the effects of proposed activities on the environment following Terms of Reference set by EPA Elliott trap A collapsible aluminium live trap with a foot pedal inside, used for trapping small animals. A food bait is placed at the back of the trap and when the animal enters the spring loaded trap door shuts behind it. EPA Environmental Protection Authority. Environmental Agency protecting the natural environment for the benefit of both the environment and humans EPBC Act The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is the Australian Government’s central piece of environmental legislation providing a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places. Felsic Relating to or denoting a group of light-coloured minerals (feldspar, feldspathoids, quartz, and muscovite). As apposed to Magnesium and Iron rocks which are heavier and darker, also known as Mafic rocks. Funnel trap A shadecloth plastic trap with a funnel at each end usually set alongside a low shadecloth fence to trap reptiles, amphibians and small mammals.
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GIS Geographical Information Systems used for organising data on maps
IBRA Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia
Interfluves A region between the valleys of adjacent watercourses
KGL KGL Resources, previously Kentor Gold Limited
LES Low Ecological Services P/L
Mafic Relating to or denoting a group of dark-coloured, mainly ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene and olivine. MM Act Mining Management Act. The Act is utilised for the authorisation of mining activities, the management of mining sites, the protection of the environment on mining sites, the provision of economic and social benefits to communities that are affected by mining activities. MNES Matters of National Environmental Significance. This Significant impact guidelines provide overarching guidance on determining whether an action is likely to have a significant impact on a matter protected under national environment law. Monoculture The cultivation or growth of a single crop or species in a given area
NAFI North Australia Fire Information
Pitfall trap A pit is usually a 25L bucket dug into the ground. A low shadecloth netting fence is centered over the bucket to guide small animals into the pit. PMST The website based EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool
Riparian The interface between land and a river or stream usually with representative vegetation. SM2BAT+ A Song Meter 2 Bat+. Ultrasonic recorder used to collect the high frequency calls of echolocating bats SoBS Sites of Botanical Significance, NT DENR
SoCS Sites of Conservation Significance, NT DENR
Spatial Dataset Data or information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth. This includes natural or constructed features, such as; oceans, flora and fauna data sets or buildings. These are used in ArcGIS to generate mapping resources. Spatial scale Used to describe or classify with large degree of approximation the extent or size of a length, distance or area studied or described Stratum A layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground
Sump A basin used to manage effluent from drilling or mining operations.
The NT Fauna The Northern Territory (NT) fauna atlas currently includes all known terrestrial Atlas vertebrate records for the NT. It has more than one million records and is the most comprehensive database available of mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs with spatial capability.
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The NT Flora The Northern Territory (NT) flora atlas has over one million plant records. Data Atlas comes from the NT Herbarium specimen database and the vegetation site database of the NT. Spatial data is used with ArcGIS to map locations of plant records ToR Terms of Reference
TPWC Act Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act. An Act for the provison of the establishment of Territory Parks and other Parks and Reserves in the Northern Terrioty. Including the study, protection, conservation and sustainable utilisation of wildlife within parks etc. Tributary A stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stream (or parent) river or Channel a lake; Ranked smallest order 1 to major river order 5. Voucher A pressed plant sample collected for formal identification and may be deposited in Specimens herbarium for future reference WM Act Weed Management Act. An Act to protect the Territory's economy, community, industry and environment from the adverse impacts of weeds. WoNS Weeds of National Significance. A website listing invasive plants that have proven social, economic and environmental impacts and require national management and whose control is enforceable by law.
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Jervois Base Metal Project (the Project) proposed by KGL Resources (the Proponent) is located on EL25429 (the Project area) approximately 400 km east-north-east of Alice Springs, within the Jervois Pastoral Lease. The Project area is accesible by road from Alice Springs via the Stuart Highway, Plenty Highway and Lucy Creek Road. The Project area has been the subject of historic exploration and mining by various operators since 1929. Existing infrastructure at the site includes open pits, access roads, ruins from an old village and several mines and processing sites, waste rock dumps, tails storage facilities, evaporation dams, and drains and sumps. The Project involves exploration and eventual mining for copper and other base metals from at least five deposits. Ore would be processed onsite using a crushing, grinding and flotation plant, producing copper and lead/zinc concentrate. Low Ecological Services P/L (LES) have undertaken previous on-ground flora and fauna surveys of the Project Area in 1985, 1999, 2012 and 2013. KGL Resources commissioned LES in 2017 to undertake additional current on-ground flora and fauna surveys, one in the dry season in September 2017 and another post-wet season survey in May 2018. This was to provide updated data to be used in KGL’s Jervois Base Metal Project Environmental Impact Statement. This report combines data from previous and current desktop studies and on-ground surveys. Desktop studies included interrogation of spatial databases and reviews of the relevant literature. The 2012 and 2013 assessments were intended to be dry season surveys followed by a wet season survey, however, 2013 was the driest year recorded since Jervois rainfall records began in 1966. Included in this report (2017 and 2018 surveys are broad- and fine-scale environmental information about climate, bioregions, geology, soil types, land systems, vegetation types, fire history, Sites of Conservation Significance, flora and fauna species of conservation significance, and introduced flora and fauna relating to the Project area. During on-ground surveys conducted by LES in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 a total of 25 sites were surveyed encompassing all land units in the Project area. All surveys included habitat searches, vegetation surveys, landscape descriptions, fauna trapping, and secondary sign searches, spotlighting, motion-sensing camera-trapping and bat call detection. The methods for vegetation surveys and landscape description were based on “Northern Territory Guidelines and Field Methodology for Vegetation Survey and Mapping” (Brocklehurst, et al., 2007) and “A resource assessment towards a conservation strategy for the Finke Bioregion” (Neave, et al., 2004). Survey methodology for fauna follows the “Standard terrestrial vertebrate survey methods used by the DLRM” (Northern Territory Environmental Protection Agency, 2013) and “A resource assessment towards a conservation strategy for the Finke Bioregion” (Neave, et al., 2004). The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Protected Matters Search Tool (EPBC PMST) identified eight threatened species listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) whose habitat potentially occur within the Project area. These are:
• Calidris ferruginea (curlew sandpiper); • Erythrotriorchis radiatus (red goshawk); • Pedionomus torquatus (plains wanderer); • Pezoporus occidentalis (night parrot); • Rostratula australis (Australian painted snipe); • Dasycercus cristicauda (crest-tailed mulgara); • Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race (black-footed rock-wallaby);
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• Isoodon auratus (golden bandicoot); and • Macrotis lagotis (greater bilby). The 2017 and 2018 surveys specifically targeted these species using survey methods based on those suggested in the Survey Guidelines for Australia’s Threatened Mammals (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2011), and Survey Guidelines for Australia’s Threatened Birds (Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2010). No threatened flora species listed under the EPBC Act were recorded in the Project area during on ground surveys in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018. A total of two flora species listed under the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (TPWC Act) were recorded in the Project area during on- ground surveys; Eremophila cordatisepala and Sauropus rigens, are both listed as near threatened. A further, three plant species listed under the TPWC Act were not recorded during on-ground surveys but should be conserved if located; Bolboschoenus caldwellii, listed as endangered under the TPWC Act, has a low-moderate likelihood of occurring in the Project area. The species Fimbristylis velata and Sida sp. Hale River, are listed as near threatened under the Act and have a high likelihood of occurring in the Project area. No listed threatened ecological communities or sensitive vegetation communities were identified by the desktop study within the Project area. However, three areas in the Project area were assessed as being ecologically exceptional on a regional scale. These are not listed communities or habitats but “stood out” during the on-ground survey. The first being the localised near threatened Eremophila cordatisepala community south of the proposed tailings dam at site J04; secondly, the flood over/shallow drainage area with a high density of large bloodwoods and other trees at the south-east corner of the proposed tailings dam location; and thirdly, the fire shadow area with large mulga trees on the north flank of the J- Range near the south of the lease area and east of J06. The Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) community along Unca Ck is also believed to be important as habitat trees, and it is a groundwater dependent species found along water courses in the central Project area. No threatened fauna species listed under the EPBC Act were recorded in the Project area during on- ground surveys in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018. One migratory species listed as endangered under the EPBC Act, Rostratula australis (Australian painted snipe), has been recorded at the Jervois Dam in 2012 in the NT Fauna Atlas database (2015). The Jervois Dam provides suitable habitat for the migratory R. australis when there is water in the dam. Erythrotriorchis radiatus (red goshawk) has a low likelihood, and Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race (black-footed rock-wallaby) has a low- moderate likelihood of occurring in the Project area. Two near threatened fauna species listed under the TPWC Act were recorded during on-ground surveys in the Project area. The sparse and wide ranging Dromaius novaehollandiae (emu) was recorded in the September 2017 survey and secondary signs of the irruptive species Rattus villosissimus (long-haired rat) were recorded during the outbreak occurring at the time of the 2012 survey. One species listed as a marine species under the EPBC Act was recorded in the Project area, Merops ornatus (rainbow bee-eater), a wide spread summer migratory species. Seven introduced flora species were recorded during the on-ground surveys, two of which are classed as Weeds of National Significance (WoNS): Tamarix aphylla (athel pine), declared Class A (to be eradicated) and Class C (not to be introduced to the NT) and Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata (coral cactus) declared a Class A weed.
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Four introduced fauna species were recorded during on-ground surveys. These are Bos taurus (cattle), Mus musculus (house mouse), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) and Felis catus (feral cat). Three additional introduced fauna species, Camelus dromedarius (camel), Equuss asinus (donkey) and Equus caballus (horse) are also likely to be present occasionally in the Project area. In summary, two near threatened flora species, six introduced flora species, two near threatened fauna species and four introduced fauna species were recorded during on-ground surveys of the Project area in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018. The residual likelihood of occurrence of species identified by the EPBC PMST and NT Flora and Fauna Atlases is discussed in relation to information obtained from the desktop study. It is unlikely that the mining operation in the project area will have a significant impact on any of these threatened species in the area although individual animals or plants may be dislocated or killed.
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report TABLE OF CONTENTS
DOCUMENT CONTROL ...... i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ix
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 12 1.1 Project overview ...... 12 1.2 Purpose of this report ...... 15 1.3 Legislative context ...... 15 2 METHODS ...... 18 2.1 Desktop review ...... 18 2.2 Database reviews ...... 18 2.3 Field surveys ...... 19 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 27 3.1 Climate ...... 27 3.2 Biogeographic region ...... 28 3.3 Geology ...... 30 3.4 Soils ...... 32 3.5 Land systems ...... 35 3.6 Vegetation types ...... 37 3.7 Surface water ...... 39 3.8 Fire history ...... 40 3.9 Sites of Conservation Significance ...... 42 3.10 Threatened Ecological Communities ...... 48 3.11 Flora ...... 44 3.12 Fauna ...... 48 3.14 Aquatic and Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems ...... 59 4 Field Survey Results 2012–2017 ...... 60 4.1 Climatic conditions prior to and during the survey ...... 60 4.2 Land unit and vegetation community mapping ...... 60 4.3 Regionally exceptional areas...... 67 4.4 Flora ...... 69 4.5 Fauna ...... 74 4.6 Aquatic and Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems ...... 84 5 CONCLUSIONS ...... 85
REFERENCES ...... 91
APPENDICES ...... 96
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report Table of Figures Figure 1. Location of the Jervois Base Metals Project area, roads, major watercourses and pastoral station boundaries with contours overlayed. Note that Jinka Station is now part of Jervois Station. 13 Figure 2. Location of site infrastructure within the Jervois Project area (map courtesy of KGL)...... 14 Figure 3. Trapping site layout used during the survey (not to scale) ...... 20 Figure 4. Location of survey sites within the Jervois Base Metals Project area during 2012, 2013 and 2017 ...... 21 Figure 5. a) Mean monthly rainfall (columns), maximum daily temperature (solid line) and minimum daily temperature (dashed line) over the period of 1966 - 2017, and b) annual rainfall between 1997 - 2017at Jervois weather station (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2017) ...... 27 Figure 6 Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) bioregions map over the Project area and surrounds (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2012a)...... 29 Figure 7. The Geological Map of the Northern Territory (Bureau of Rural Sciences after Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1991) overlayed by the Project area. Geological units within the three areas are described in (Table 4)...... 31 Figure 8. Soil types in and surrounding the Jervois Base Metals Project area (Northcote, 1968). Soil units are described in Table 5...... 34 Figure 9. Land systems in the Project area and surrounds (Perry, et al., 1962). Land system descriptions are provided in Table 6 ...... 36 Figure 10. Vegetation communities in the Project area and surrounds (Wilson, et al., 1990)...... 38 Figure 11. Surface water within and surrounding the Project area, including waterholes and minor and major watercourses. Inset shows the Project area in more detail...... 39 Figure 12. Fire history in the project area from 1997 to September 2017 (North Australia and Rangelands Fire Information, 2017) ...... 41 Figure 13. Sites of conservation significance in the Project area and surrounds (White, et al., 2000) 43 Figure 14. Land systems and land units of the project area (based on Perry et al, 1962). Descriptions of each land system are provided in Table 13...... 63 Figure 15 Refined vegetation community map of the Project area based on results from the on-ground surveys ...... 66 Figure 16. Regionally exceptional vegetation communities identified in the Project area during field surveys...... 68 Figure 17. Number of flora species identified in the 2012, 2013 and 2017 on-ground surveys of the Project area ...... 69 Figure 18. Locations of flora of conservation significance recorded in the Project area during the 2012, 2013 and 2017 on-ground surveys ...... 71 Figure 19. Introduced flora species classed as WoNS and/or declared weeds in the NT found during field surveys of the Project area ...... 73
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Figure 20: Number of birds (blue), mammals (red), reptiles (green) and amphibians (purple) recorded during the 1999, 2012, 2013 and 2017 on-ground surveys of the Project area. Add red tree frog to Sept 2017...... 83
List of Tables Table 1. Surveys of the Project area by LES including the scope of each survey and sites visited ...... 20 Table 2. Co-ordinates of the quadrat at site J04 where E. cordatisepala was counted during 2013 and 2017 ...... 22 Table 3. Targeted threatened species listed as threatened under the EPBC Act and TPWC Act potentially occurring within the Project area and survey methods undertaken for each species...... 24 Table 4. Geology of the Project area as mapped in Figure 7 (Bureau of Rural Sciences after Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1991) ...... 30 Table 5. Description of soil types, including Australian Soils Atlas Description by Northcote et al. (1968) and Australian Soil Classification conversion by Ashton & McKenzie (2001) ...... 32 Table 6. Land system descriptions as mapped in Figure 9 ...... 35 Table 7. Description of vegetation types within the Project area as mapped by Wilson et al. (1990) 37 Table 8. Threatened and conservation significant flora species identified as occurring or potentially occurring within a 20 km radius of the Project area by the database review...... 44 Table 9. Introduced flora species identified as occurring or potentially occurring within a 20 km radius of the Project area by the database review ...... 46 Table 10. Species of conservation significance identified as occurring or potentially occurring within a 20 km radius of the Project area by the database search...... 50 Table 11. Fauna species listed as migratory and/ or marine under the EPBC Act as identified as occurring or potentially occurring within a 20 km radius of the Project area by the database search...... 58 Table 12. Introduced fauna species identified as occurring or potentially occurring within 20 km of the Project area by the EPBC PMST and NT Fauna Atlas...... 59 Table 13. Description of land units in the Project area based on Perry, et al. (1962) ...... 62 Table 14. Vegetation communities present in the Project area as described during the on-ground surveys ...... 64 Table 15. Vegetation communities descriped in Table 14 and dominant species in each land unit as described during the on-ground surveys ...... 64 Table 16. Introduced flora species recorded during field surveys of the Project area ...... 72
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project overview The Jervois Base Metal Project (The Project) proposed by KGL Resources (the Proponent) is located approximately 270 km east-north-east of Alice Springs, in the Jervois Range, within the Jervois Pastoral lease, Northern Territory (NT). The Project area is approximately 400 km by road from Alice Springs via the Stuart and Plenty Highways and Lucy Creek Road (Figure 1). KGL Resources (KGL) currently holds tenure over the mineral lease EL25429 (The Project area). The tenements have been the subject of historic exploration and mining by various operators since 1929. Existing infrastructure at the site includes open pits, access roads, ruins from an old village and several mine and processing sites, waste rock dumps, tails storage facilities, evaporation dams, drains and sumps (Figure 2). The Project involves mining copper and other base metals from at least five deposits. Ore would be processed onsite using a crushing, grinding and flotation plant, producing copper and lead/zinc concentrate. Water requirements for the process are approximately 1200 megalitres per year, to be supplied from the Jervois Dam and a borefield, which is yet to be developed. Waste material would be stored in a tailings dam with four cells and a capacity of 20 million tonnes (Mt), and five waste rock storage areas containing approximately 87 Mt. It is proposed that the concentrate will be trucked in containers from site to a proposed rail siding in Alice Springs via the Plenty and Stuart highways, then to Darwin or Adelaide, depending on product, processing requirements and the market. Investigations are also being conducted into a proposed rail siding to be constructed adjacent to the Adelaide to Darwin rail line north of Alice Springs. Concentrate will be stored in enclosed containers and loaded onto the rail line for transport to the port/s. The proposed Project infrastructure includes a processing plant, workshops, laydown areas, an explosive magazine, offices, warehouses, a laboratory, haul roads, sewage treatment systems, 12 Mega Watt diesel and/or gas fired power station, powerlines, water storages and an accommodation camp. The workforce is estimated to peak at approximately 300 staff during full production of underground and open cut operations and will operate on a fly-in fly-out basis. The Project was deemed “not a controlled action” under the EPBC Act. The NT EPA determined in 2014 (with terms of reference revised in 2017) that an EIS is required for the Project. The terms of reference require, amongst other items, an update on the flora and fauna information. This includes the dry season survey (2017) and a late or post wet season survey following the summer wet season (2018).
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Figure 1. Location of the Jervois Base Metals Project area, roads, major watercourses and pastoral station boundaries with contours overlayed. Note that Jinka Station is now part of Jervois Station.
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Figure 2. Location of site infrastructure within the Jervois Project area (map courtesy of KGL).
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1.2 Purpose of this report
Low Ecological Services P/L (LES) completed on-ground surveys of the Project Area in 1999, 2012 and 2013 for Britannia Gold N/L and Kentor Gold Ltd. KGL Resources commissioned LES to undertake additional on- ground flora and fauna surveys in 2017 and 2018 to update data from previous surveys, and to provide information for the EIS. An updated desktop assessment on the existing environment of the Project area informed the September 2017 and May 2018 on-ground surveys. Targeted survey methods for threatened species were sourced from the NT Flora and Fauna Atlases. Weeds observed during the on-ground survey were also recorded. Survey methods were based on the NT Environmental Protection Agency “Guidelines for Assessment of Impacts on Terrestrial Biodiversity” and the “Northern Territory Guidelines and Field Methodology for Vegetation Survey and Mapping”, with some methodologies more suited to the arid zone adapted from “A resource assessment towards a conservation strategy for the Finke Bioregion” (Neave, et al., 2004). This report aims to combine the results of the May 2018 survey with results from 2000, 2012, 2013 and 2017. It will also provide information on seaonsal variation of flora and fauna species in dry and wet seasons. 1.3 Legislative context
1.3.1 Commonwealth legislation
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (amended 2014, 2017) The EPBC Act is the Australian Government's key piece of environmental legislation, which commenced on July 16, 2000. The objects of the EPBC Act are to provide for the protection of matters of national environmental significance (MNES) and to promote the conservation of biodiversity. The EPBC Act focuses Australian Government interests on the protection of MNES, with the states and territories having responsibility for matters of state and local significance. The EPBC Act identifies MNES as:
• World heritage properties; • National heritage places; • Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar wetlands); • Threatened species and ecological communities; • Migratory species; • Commonwealth marine areas; • Great Barrier Reef Marine Park; • Nuclear actions (including uranium mining); and • A water resource, in relation to coal seam gas development and large coal mining development. The Project was referred to the Commonwealth Department of Environment and Energy (DoEE) in November 2013 and was deemed a non-controlled action project.
1.3.2 State legislation
The Northern Territory Environment Protection Act 2012 The Northern Territory Environment Protection Authority Act 2012 (NT EP Act). The Act establishes the new Northern Territory Environment Protection Authority (NT EPA) as an independent regulatory authority and makes consequential amendments to the Waste Management and Pollution Control Act and the Environmental Assessment Act.
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Amendments to the Waste Management and Pollution Control Act identify the NT EPA as the entity responsible for administration of the regulatory functions of that Act. Amendments to the Environmental Assessment Act identify the NT EPA as the entity responsible for administration of the assessment functions and impose additional transparency and reporting responsibilities on the Environment Minister and the responsible Minister for specific projects. Where the responsible Minister makes a decision contrary to an assessment report, the responsible Minister is required to give written notice to the NT EPA of the decision and to table a statement of reasons about the decision in the Legislative Assembly. Where the Environment Minister has received an assessment report and, in providing it to the responsible Minister, makes any comment about the report which is inconsistent with the report, the Minister is required to give written notice to the NT EPA of the comment and to table a statement of reasons about the comments in the Legislative Assembly. The NT EPA determined the project required formal assessment at the level of an EIS and issued Terms of Reference (ToR) in May 2014. In January 2017, the Proponent wrote to the NT EPA to provide a notice of an alteration to the Project under clause 14A of the Environment Assessment Administrative Procedures. In August 2017 the NT issued a revised ToR reflecting these changes to the Project. Northern Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2000 The NT Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act (TPWC Act) is “an Act to make provision for and in relation to the establishment of Territory Parks and other Parks and Reserves, and the study, protection, conservation and sustainable utilisation of wildlife”. Under the TPWC Act, all threatened species are protected wildlife. The Act includes the ‘Principles of Management’, which requires that a threatened species be managed in a manner that “maintains or increases their population or the extent of their distribution at or to a sustainable level”. Environmental Assessment Act 1982 and Environmental Assessment Administrative Procedures 1984 The Environmental Assessment Act and the Environmental Assessment Administrative Procedures 1984 are administered by the NT Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Act provides a framework for the assessment of potential environmental impacts of developments. The objective of the EA Act is to ensure that developments significantly affecting the environment are fully examined and taken into account in decisions made by the NT Government. The assessment process also evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed safeguards to mitigate these impacts during construction and operational phases of the development. Mining Management Act 2001 The Mining Management Act is administered by the Department of Primary Industry and Resources (DPIR). The objectives of the Mining Management Act are to ensure that mining in the NT is conducted in accordance with best practice standards for health, safety and the environment. Under the Mining Management Act, an application for authorisation to carry out mining activities must include a Mining Management Plan. Weeds Management Act 2001 The Weeds Management Act 2001 is administered by the NT Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The objective of the Weeds Management Act is to prevent the spread of weeds within, into and out of the NT and to ensure that the management of weeds is an integral component of land management. The Act is linked to the Northern Territory Weeds Management Strategy 1996-2005, which led to a series of Statutory Plans being developed for each declared weed. ‘Declared weeds’ are grouped into three categories; • Class A - weeds to be eradicated, • Class B - weeds which growth and spread must be controlled; and • Class C -weeds not to be introduced to the Territory.
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Other state legislation that may be applicable to the proposed Project includes: General: • Mineral Titles Act 2016. • Northern Territory Environmental Protection Authority Act 2012. Land Use: • Planning Act 2016. • Aboriginal Land Act 2013. • Crown Lands Act 2014. • Soil Conservation and Land Utilization Act 2016. • Bushfires Act 2014. • Pastoral Land Act 2016. Cultural and Heritage: • Northern Territory Aboriginal Sacred Sites Act 2013. • Heritage Act 2016. Water Quality and Biodiversity Conservation: • Water Act 2016. • Biological Control Act 2016. • Public and Environmental Health Act 2016. Air Quality, Noise and Waste Management: • Waste Management and Pollution Control Act 2016. • Public and Environmental Health Act 2016. Safety and Environmental Compliance: • Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2016. • Environmental Offences and Penalties Act 2011. • Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2016. • Dangerous Goods Act 2012.
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2 METHODS
2.1 Desktop review
Information sourced from previous surveys, a literature review and NTG data bases formed the ecological context of the lease area and aided with the assessment of which threatened species are most likely to occur in the area. Flora and fauna records extracted from NTG databases were mapped using GIS, indicating which species occur in the region, of particular interest were species of conservation significance. Other spatial data, mapped using ArcGIS and climate data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) provided an overview of the climate, soils, vegetation and habitats of the lease areas and surrounds.
2.2 Database reviews
The database review and GIS mapping of several data sources provided an ecological context of the landscape, vegetation, habitats and climate of the lease area. The sources include: • Climate data online (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018); • Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA) (Thackway & Cresswell, 1995); • Digital Atlas of Australian Soils (Northcote, 1968); • Vegetation Survey of the Northern Territory Australia: Notes to accompany 1: 1,000, 000 Map Sheets (Wilson, et al., 1990); • Land Systems of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory, Australia (Perry, et al., 1962); • Fire history from the North Australia and Rangelands Fire Information (2016); and • Aerial photographs and satellite imagery. The EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) provides an indication of MNES that may occur in a given area. The PMST is based on predicted distributions of EPBC listed flora and fauna species and communities and/or their habitat, rather than documented records. A PMST search was conducted within a 20 km radius around the Project area to provide a maximal indication of species or communities within the general area around the Project site (Appendix 1). The NT Species Atlas (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2015) is maintained by DENR and includes the NT Fauna Atlas, NT Flora Atlas, Sites of Conservation Significance (SoCS) and Sites of Botanical Significance (SoBS). The NT Fauna and Flora Atlas searches provided lists of records of threatened, non- threatened and introduced fauna and flora species within a 20 km radius of the Project area. Database searches were also undertaken to determine any SoCS or SoBS in the region of the Project area. Geology, soil, land system and vegetation mapping were used to identify threatened species habitats within the Project area. This data was cross-referenced with scientific literature and mapped records containing information on habitat and climate requirements. Based on this assessment, each threatened species was given a likelihood of occurrence in the lease area of low, moderate, high or a combination of these categories.
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2.2.1 Literature review
A literature review provided information on what species occur or potentially occur within the lease areas and surrounds. Information was collated to assess the potential of threatened species to occur within the lease areas and surrounds. Sources of literature reviewed include:
• Climate data obtained from the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018) • Species Profile and Threats Database (Department of Environment and Energy, 2017a) for information about species listed under the EPBC Act; • Information sheets, survey guidelines, recovery plans, and Threat Abatement Plans for Key Threatening Processes; • Northern Territory Threatened Species fact sheets published by DENR; • Environmental Resource Appraisal of Jervois Pastoral Lease by (Low Ecological Services, 1985); • Environmental Appraisal of Britannia Gold N/L Mineral Leases and Claims in the Jervois Project: Landscape, Flora and Fauna (Hamilton & Low, 2000); • Report on a Dry Season Baseline Flora, Fauna and Landscape Survey, Jervois Mine (Carpenter & Low, 2012); • Report on a Late Wet Season Baseline Flora, Fauna and Landscape Survey, EL25429, Jervois Mine (Carpenter & Low, 2013); and • Scientific literature (various referenced sources). 2.3 Field surveys Results from on-ground surveys conducted by LES in the Project area in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 are included in this report. Table 1 provides the scope and sites of each survey. Trapping sites established in 2012 were continued in 2013, 2017 and 2018, with the addition of J06 in 2012, J07 in 2017 and J15 in 2018 (Figure 4). The general trapping layout is illustrated in Figure 3 and alterations of the method are discussed in sections 2.3.1 – 2.3.4. Site locations were chosen to represent the major land systems and vegetation types occurring within the area. The land systems were further refined into land units as a result of the surveys and were mapped for the Project Area to provide more information on specific areas of interest. Site descriptions (Appendix ) were repeated for earlier sites and additional site descriptions were completed so all of the major land units, vegetation types and areas of interest, were updated or added to encompass the whole Project area. GPS locations and survey methods used at each site are provided in Table 1. Survey methods included landscape site descriptions, flora surveys, fauna surveys and other methods including habitat searches, area searches, bird surveys, motion-sensing camera “trap” surveys and bat call recording using the SM2 bat detector.
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Table 1. Surveys of the Project area by LES including the scope of each survey and sites visited
Survey date Scope Sites Twelve trap sites scattered over whole area October Baseline environmental audit of the Jervois Mine Area. many repeated in later surveys 1999 This included landscape, flora, fauna and heritage and was conducted during a high rainfall period.
July 2012 Dry season baseline flora, fauna & landscape survey. Trap sites: J01, J02, J03, J04, J05, Site The aim was to obtain a broad understanding of the descriptions: SD1, SD2, SD3, SD4. mine lease area during the dry season. Trap sites: 01, J02, J03, J04, J05, March Late wet season baseline flora, fauna & landscape Site descriptions: M3, SD5, SD6, SD7 2013 survey. The aim was to obtain a broad understanding of the mine lease area during the wet season. (The year 2013 turned out to be a drought year with the lowest annual rainfall since records began in 1966.) Trap sites: J01, J03a, J04, J05, J06, J07 September Dry season flora, fauna and landscape survey to Site descriptions: J03b, J05b, J08, J09, J10, J11, 2017 update data from 2012 & 2013 surveys. The aim was J12, J13, J14 to survey targeted threatened species listed under the EPBC Act. Trap sites: J03a, J04, J05, J06, J07, J15 May 2018 Wet season survey, same as above Site descriptions: J03b, J05b, J08, J09, J10, J11, J12, J13, J14, J16
Figure 3. Trapping site layout used during the survey (not to scale)
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Figure 4. Location of survey sites within the Jervois Base Metals Project area during 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018
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2.3.1 Landscape descriptions
Site descriptions were carried out within a 50 m x 50 m quadrat at all survey sites. Site descriptions provided a snapshot of the landscape, geology, soil, dominant flora species, vegetation structure and density at each site. The presence of termite mounds, woody debris, impact from disturbance, weeds and current vegetation condition were also noted. Photographs were taken at each site, representative of the landscape and vegetation community, facing north, east, south, and west.
2.3.2 Flora surveys
Methodology for vegetation surveys is based on “Northern Territory Guidelines and Field Methodology for Vegetation Survey and Mapping” (Brocklehurst, et al., 2007) and “A resource assessment towards a conservation strategy for the Finke Bioregion” (Neave, et al., 2004). Rather than 20 x 20 m quadrats, 100 m point-line transects were undertaken as this is an effective and time efficient method that is more useful for measuring rangeland vegetation that is characterised by sparse vegetation cover (Floyd & Anderson, 1987). This 100 m point-line transect provided a list of flora species at the site and their percentage cover, as well as the percentage of other ground cover types (e.g. litter, rocks, bare ground). If survey sites had more than one vegetation type, an additional transect was undertaken within each distinct vegetation type. Flora species lists were completed by undertaking an area search surrounding the transect to record additional species. Voucher specimens were taken where plants could not be identified in the field. The specimens were identified by experienced botanist Des Nelson with reference to the NT Herbarium, Alice Springs. Targeted threatened flora surveys Additional targeted searches were conducted for flora species of conservation significance listed under the TPWC Act that were identified in database searches as potentially occurring within the Project area. These methods are outlined below. Eremophila cordatisepala (A desert fuchsia bush). Waypoints taken at all locations where E. cordatisepala populations were recorded. At site J04, a 20 x 20 m quadrat was marked in a GPS (Table 2) and each individual E. cordatisepala plant was counted within the quadrat in 2013, 2017 and 2018 to determine if the population had changed in density.
Table 2. Co-ordinates of the quadrat at site J04 where E. cordatisepala was counted Latitude Longitude
-22.671791° 136.236792°
-22.671827° 136.236960°
-22.672008° 136.236944°
-22.671982° 136.236780
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Bolboschoenus caldwellii (a sedge) A habitat search was conducted for B. caldwellii at the overflow area at the two operational bores in the Project area. Active searches for the species were conducted at all areas of potentially suitable habitat; around the Jervois Dam and the dam seepage area (J03b). Sauropus rigens (a shrub) An active search for the S. rigens was conducted along the steep rocky cliff around the Jervois Dam (J03a and J03b).
Sida intricata (a shrub) Sida intricata occurs in a variety of habitats, therefore no additional survey is required as flora surveys represented the major land units and vegetation communities across the site. All Sida sp. that could not be identified in the field were collected and identified by an experienced botanist, Des Nelson.
2.3.3 Fauna surveys
General fauna survey methodology follows the NT EPA “Guidelines for Assessment of Impacts on Terrestrial Biodiversity” (Northern Territory Environmental Protection Agency, 2013). Fauna surveys for small mammals and reptiles were conducted at five to six trapping sites each survey. Each site was trapped for three nights. At each site there was a transect of 25 Elliott traps spaced approximately 10 m apart, two pitfall traps and four funnel traps. Pitfall traps were placed adjacent to the Elliott trap transects and had a 10 m drift fence centred over each pit to guide animals into the trap. One funnel trap was placed at either end of each 10 m drift fence. Pitfall traps could not be installed at all sites due the rocky substrate, making it difficult to dig. Where this occurred, funnel traps were still deployed. Elliott traps were baited with a mixture of peanut butter and oats. Traps were checked each morning and animals processed (i.e. noting sex, reproductive status, body length, tail length, snout-vent length etc.) and released at the point of capture. Elliott traps were closed during the day and then opened in late afternoon when pitfall and funnel traps were also checked. Cage trapping as recommended by the Standard terrestrial vertebrate survey methods used by the DLRM (Northern Territory Environmental Protection Agency, 2013) was not conducted, as there are no species likely to be present in the appropriate size range for cage trapping. Medium to large sized mammal (eg cats, foxes, dingoes and rabbit) presence and abundance was determined though remote cameras, spotlighting and secondary sign searches.
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Targeted threatened fauna surveys Additional targeted searches were conducted for EPBC listed threatened species that may occur within the Project area as identified by the PMST and NT Flora and Fauna Atlas (Table 3). Survey methods used to determine the presence of threatened species were based on the Survey Guidelines for Australia’s Threatened Mammals (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2011) and Survey Guidelines for Australia’s Threatened Birds (Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2010). Targeted searches were also conducted for the common brushtail possum (central Australian population), listed as endangered under the TPWC Act but not listed under the EBPC Act. Each survey method is outlined in section 2.3.4.
Table 3. Targeted threatened species listed as threatened under the EPBC Act and TPWC Act, potentially occurring within the Project area and survey methods undertaken for each species. Group Scientific name Species Habitat Area Bird Motion- search search survey sensing camera Australian painted snipe X Bird Rostratula australis X X X
Calidris ferruginea Curlew sandpiper X X X X Night parrot X Pezoporus occidentalis X Plains wanderer X Pedionomus torquatus X Erythrotriorchis Red goshawk X X radiatus Black-footed rock wallaby X Mammal Petrogale lateralis X X MacDonnell Ranges race Common brushtail possum X Trichosurus vulpecula X X (central Australian population) vulpecula
2.3.4 Other survey methods
Habitat searches On-ground searches were undertaken of potentially suitable habitat for each threatened species. Area searches Area searches were undertaken for fauna or secondary signs of fauna (tracks, scats, burrows, scratches etc.) at each site. Bird surveys Area searches for birds were undertaken in the morning and afternoon within a 250 m x 200 m quadrat at each site for a minimum of 30 minutes. The quadrat area was searched and species were identified by sight and/or call. Location and habitat of incidental observations of all birds were also recorded throughout the day during general surveys. Motion-sensing camera surveys
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Motion-sensing cameras were deployed at sites to record shy or nocturnal species or verify species presence. Cameras were set to take pictures when triggered by movement. Camera traps were baited with peanut butter and oats, if appropriate. Spotlighting Spotlighting surveys were undertaken each evening (during the 2017 and 2018 survey) after last light, usually from a slow moving vehicle along roads and tracks but also on foot in particular habitats. Fauna species observed or heard during spotlighting were recorded, and where introduced species were encountered the number of animals was recorded. Microchiropteran bat surveys A Song Meter 2 Bat+ (SM2Bat+) ultrasonic recorder was used to collect the high frequency calls of echolocating bats. The SM2Bat+ was deployed for three nights by Unca Ck dam from 14th to the 16th of May 2018. Recordings were downloaded and analysed by bat specialist, Dennis Mathews. The calls were manually scanned in AnalookW and compared with known reference calls for the region.
2.3.5 Limitations of the surveys
Data obtained from the NT Flora and Fauna Atlases display species records from areas that have been previously surveyed. The lack of species records at a locality may represent a lack of survey effort rather than the absence of species in the area. In some cases, historic records of species may be present for species which are now regionally or nationally extinct and early records were generally identified to a 10 second cell. Assessment is also required of the unverified records to ensure they are not mistaken in location. Baseline data provided from database searches is therefore often incomplete and may not include the full suite of species present or may include species not appropriate to the area of interest. While invertebrates captured in traps were recorded, there are limited existing data and identification tools available for terrestrial invertebrates in central Australia. Therefore, only casual attempt was made to identify any trapped invertebrates to group, genus or species level. Targeted surveys for invertebrates were not undertaken during the on-ground surveys, as no conservation significant invertebrate species were identified by the EPBC PMST or NT Fauna Atlas as occurring in the survey area or surrounding region. Woinarski et al. (2007) describe several snail species that could occur in the region but since these tend to be restricted to rocky gorges which is peripheral to the Project areas of interest, they were not targeted during the survey. LES has attempted to carry out surveys at an appropriate spatial scale for the proposed development. While this will increase the chances of obtaining sufficient data required to detect the presence of threatened species, it cannot be guaranteed that the species lists are complete. The Australian arid zone has high variability in annual rainfall, which drives the wide variation in resource availability and consequently abundance and occurrence of the species inhabiting the region. Periods of low rainfall may last many years with some species only becoming detectable following prolonged population increase over several seasons of high rainfall. Additionally, nomadic or vagrant species may only occupy the area unpredictably for short periods of time and not be detected in short survey periods such as we used. Additional factors that may influence flora and fauna populations in the region include introduced and native predators, stock grazing and fire. Surveys in the Project area were undertaken during four different years and in different seasons in an attempt to incorporate inter-annual climatic variability, limiting factors and the seasonal activity patterns of some species. However, due to the inherent unpredictability and variability of climatic variables in the region, it cannot be guaranteed that species lists are complete. Additionally, some fauna species persisting at low abundance and/or density in the area may require longer survey times before they are detected. The three night survey period is recommended in the NT EPA “Guidelines for Assessment of Impacts on Terrestrial
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Biodiversity” (Northern Territory Environmental Protection Agency, 2013), as this optimises between the amount of time and effort required to detect most species in a survey area. In these arid lands, studies over many years have shown that with a large number of traps in appropriate habitats, a three night/four-day survey provides as good a statistical indication of mammal, bird and lizard species present in an area as a seven-night trapping program (Low Ecological Services, 2009; Newsome, et al., 2009). Surveys were aimed at detecting appropriate landscapes and habitats and assessing the potential presence of threatened species within the Project area. Any habitat identified as potentially suitable for a threatened species, either via the desktop assessment or the on-ground surveys, were specifically surveyed to assess the presence or likelihood of the species. Habitat suitability was assessed using information on habitat associations for each species obtained during the desktop literature review and therefore assumes that this information is complete and correct and that other habitats do not constitute critical or important habitats for the species. Local experience of the survey team members provided a level of assurance that appropriate habitats or association of resources was suitable; eg Black Footed Rock Wallaby feeding and escape habitat may have occurred in the mountain range but it’s distant proximity from the only known permanent waterhole (the Unca Ck dam) indicated it was unlikely that rock wallabies would exist in the area. Lack of rock wallaby scats helped verify this. Surveys for population abundance and density were not conducted within the Project area. Methods of detection were chosen to provide a general overview of the suite of species present in the survey area. Methods to determine abundance and density are often species specific, require more effort and are often not necessary for determining presence alone.
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3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Climate
Climate statistics have been recorded at Jervois Station Homestead (Australian Bureau of Meteorology Station 015602) 35 km south of the mine site since 1966. The climate of the Jervois area is semi-arid, with predominantly summer rainfall occurring between November and April (Slatyer, 1962). The warmest months are October to March, with mean daily maximum temperatures over 33°C (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018) (Figure 5a). The maximum average monthly temperature is 38.4°C in January (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018). The coolest months are June to September with mean minimum temperatures under 8˚C (Figure 5a). The minimum average monthly temperature is 5.4 ⁰C occurring in July (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018). Relative humidity averages at 27.8% in the summer months and 38.5% during the winter months (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018). The predominant wind direction is east and south-east although during storms and rainfall periods, the winds are predominantly from the west (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018). Rainfall records measured at Jervois Station since 1966 show a mean annual rainfall of 295.4 mm. Annual rainfall varies widely, with a range of 95.8 mm (2013) to 933.4 mm (2010) (Figure 5; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018). Long-term rainfall trends show a pattern characteristic of the northern Australian arid zone, whereby long dry periods (rainfall around or below the annual average) are interrupted by short, large magnitude rainfall events lasting approximately 12 to 15 months (Figure 5b ). This rainfall variation is linked to the El-Nino Southern Oscillation phenomenon, whereby the El-Nino phase is often linked to drought and the La-Nina phase is often linked to high rainfall. Most rainfall occurs between November and April (Figure 5a), when flooding can occur following storm events.
1000 60 a) 45 900 40 b) 50 800 35
C 700 40 30 ° 600 25 30 500 20 400 20 15
Temperature Temperature 300 Rainfall (mm) 10 10 200 5 100 0 0 Totalannual rainfall (mm)
0
Jan
Jun
Oct
Apr
Feb
July
Dec
Aug
Nov
Mar
May
Sept
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Year
Figure 5. a) Mean monthly rainfall (columns), maximum daily temperature (solid line) and minimum daily temperature (dashed line) over the period of 1966 - 2018, and b) annual rainfall between 1997 – 2018 at Jervois weather station (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018)
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3.2 Biogeographic region
The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA Version 7) provides a broad division of Australia into 89 geographically distinct bioregions based on common climate, geology, landform, native vegetation and species information (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2012a). The Project area lies at the south edge of the Channel Country bioregion (Thackway & Cresswell, 1995). Further refinement of these regions into 419 sub-regions does not affect The Channel Country bioregion which is located on the Queensland (QLD), New South Wales (NSW), South Australia (SA) and NT borders, with 8% of the bioregion in the NT (Bastin & ACRIS Management Committee, 2008). The Channel Country bioregion is characterised by braided, flood and alluvial plains, which are surrounded by gravel or gibber plains, dunefields and low ranges (Bastin & ACRIS Management Committee, 2008). The predominant vegetation is Mitchell grass, gidgee and spinifex (Bastin & ACRIS Management Committee, 2008). The predominant land use in the Channel Country bioregion is grazing (91% of total area; Bastin & ACRIS Management Committee, 2008).
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Figure 6 Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) bioregions map over the Project area and surrounds (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2012a).
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3.3 Geology
The geology of the area was mapped by the Bureau of Rural Sciences after Australian Geological Survey Organisation (1991) at a scale of 1:250,000. The Project is within the Huckitta 1:250,000 map sheet described by Black, et al. (1984). The north western part of the Project area is made up of sedimentary sandstone, limestone and conglomerate of the Jervois Range (C1 and P103), while the majority of the area overlies felsic and mafic intrusive such as schist and granites (A5) with limestone and doloritic remnants and intrusives. The geology of the Project area is mapped in Figure 7 and described in Table 4.
Table 4. Geology of the Project area as mapped in Figure 7 (Bureau of Rural Sciences after Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1991)
Map unit Description Age A5 Metamorphic felsic and mafic rocks 1850 – 1800 Ma -C1 Sedimentary sandstone and conglomerates 543 – 509 Ma
-C2 Sedimentary limestone and shale 509 to 498 Ma
-C3 Sedimentary, dolostone, limestone and sandstone 498 to 492 Ma
-CO Sedimentary sandstone, shale and dolostone 492 to 486 Ma
D9 Plutonic igneous intrusions. 1600 – 1000 Ma
-P102 Sedimentary siltstone, dolostone, limestone, sandstone and diamictite 1000 to 545 Ma
-P103 Sedimentary sandstone, limestone and dolostone 1000 – 545 Ma
g6 Plutonic granite/gneiss 1800 to 1700 Ma
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Figure 7. The Geological Map of the Northern Territory (Bureau of Rural Sciences after Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1991) overlayed by the Project area. Geological units within the three areas are described in (Table 4).
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3.4 Soils
Soil types within the Project area have been mapped using the Atlas of Australian Soils (mapped by Bureau of Rural Sciences after Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 1991; described by Northcote (1968)). However, the currently accepted classification system is the Australian Soil Classification (ASC) (Isbell & National Committee on Soil and Terrain, 2016). A conversion from the Atlas of Australian Soils to the Australian Soil Classification was developed by Ashton and McKenzie (2001). There is one soil unit within the Project area: BA30, a rudosol. This soil unit and the immediate surrondings are described from both the Australian Soils Atlas and the Australian Soil Classification in Table 5, and mapped in relation to the Project area and immediate surronds (Figure 8).
Table 5. Description of soil types within and surrounding the Project area from the Australian Soils Atlas (Northcote, 1968) and the Australian Soil Classification (Isbell & National Committee on Soil and Terrain, 2016), as converted by Ashton and McKenzie (2001).
Map Australian Soils Atlas Description ASC Conversion unit BA27 Bold ranges, ridges, cuestas, and hills on Rudosol sandstones and quartzites; extensive areas of Concept: This order is designed to accommodate soils that have bare rock: chief soils are shallow stony sands. negligible pedologic organisation. They are usually young soils in Associated in areas of gentler relief are a variety the sense that soil forming factors have had little time to of soils including red earthy sands, red earths, pedologically modify parent rocks or sediments. The component red duplex soils with texture contrast, hard soils can obviously vary widely in terms of texture and depth; setting red duplex soils, and deep red firm many are stratified and some are highly saline. Data on some of siliceous sands. them are very limited.
Definition: Soil with negligible (rudimentary) pedologic organisation apart from: i. Minimal development of an Al horizon; or ii. The presence of less than 10% of B horizon material (including pedogenic carbonate) in fissures in the parent rock or saprolite. The soils are apedal or only weakly structured in the A1 horizon and show no pedological colour changes apart from the darkening of an A1 horizon. There is little or no texture or colour change with depth unless stratified or buried soils are present. BA30 Low but bold rocky hills of gneiss and schist with Rudosol intervening valley plains: chief soils are shallow See above red firm siliceous sand and red-brown firm shallow siliceous loams, with frequent rock outcrops. Associated are red earths, red earthy sands, and deep red firm siliceous sands in the valleys; and red duplex soils with texture contrasts), red earths, and firm whitish calcareous sands on foot slopes. BA43 Gently undulating stony plains on granite, schist, Rudosol and gneiss with some low hills; some small See above sedimentary plains: chief soils are shallow stony red firm siliceous sands and loose red siliceous sands on the stony plains and hills. Associated
are red earths, red duplex soils lacking A2 horizon and red earthy sands on the sedimentary plains. My10 Outwash plains and fans: chief soils are red Kandosol 6 earths and red earthy sands, but some yellow
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Map Australian Soils Atlas Description ASC Conversion unit earths and mottled yellow earth together with Concept: This order accommodates those soils which lack strong yellow earthy sands may occur in the less well- texture contrast, have massive or only weakly structured B drained sites. horizons, and are not calcareous throughout. The soils of this order range throughout the continent, often occurring locally as very large areas.
Definition: Soils other than Hydrosols which have all of the following: i. B2 horizons in which the major part is massive or has only a weak grade of structure. ii. A maximum clay content in some part of the B2 horizon which exceeds 15% (ie. heavy sandy loam, SL+). iii. Do not have a tenic B horizon. iv. Do not have clear or abrupt textural B horizons. v. Are not calcareous throughout the solum, or below the A1 or Ap horizon or to a depth of 0.2m if the A1 horizon is only weakly developed.
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Figure 8. Soil units as mapped by the Atlas of Australian Soils (Bureau of Rural Sciences, 1991) within and surrounding the Project area. Soil units are described in Table 5.
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3.5 Land systems
Land system mapping of the area by Perry, et al. (1962) is available at a broad scale of 1:1,000,000. Three broad land systems (Sonder, Bond Springs and Unca) occur within the Project area (Figure 9). Perry, et al. (1960) further differentiated these into smaller land units, based on local topography, soils and vegetation types, however these were not mapped over the site. See section 4.2 for refined land units based on survey results.
Table 6. Descriptions of Perry Land systems within the Project area, mapped by Perry, et al. (1962)
Land system Description Bold rocky hills, low rugged undulating plains and narrow plains Bond Springs Metamorhic hills and undulating plains with sparse low tree woodland Bold east-west trending sandstone ranges. Sonder Sandstone ranges with mulga and witchetty bush Unca Gently undulating stony plains with patches of calcareous soils and gidyea
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Figure 9. Land systems in the Project area and surrounds, mapped by Perry, et al. (1962). See Table 6 for descriptions of each land system.
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3.6 Vegetation types Vegetation communities in the Project area were mapped at a scale of 1: 1,000,000 in the Vegetation Survey of the Northern Territory (Wilson, et al., 1990). This initial mapping was revised in 2007 and compiled into the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), version 3.1.
Vegetation map units of the Project area are shown in Figure 10 and described in Table 7. Two vegetation NVIS map units (71 & 74) dominate the Project area. The vegetation classess closely correspond to the land system boundaries, with Class 74 occurring within the Sonder land system, while Class 71 covers the remainder of the project area.
Table 7. Description of vegetation types within the Project area as mapped by Wilson et al. (1990)
Vegetation Broad vegetation Structural Fine vegetation description unit classification formation
71 Acacia with grass Sparse Acacia aneura (Mulga) tall sparse shrubland with grassland understorey shrubland understorey
74 Acacia with grass Sparse Acacia stowardii (now sibirica) (Bastard Mulga or False Witchetty understorey shrubland Bush) Senna, Eremophila (Fuschsia) sparse shrubland understorey and patches of Acacia georginae on calcareous clayey plains.
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Figure 10. Vegetation communities in the Project area and surrounds (Wilson, et al., 1990). Vegetation community descriptions are provided in Table 5.
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
3.7 Surface water
The Project area is within the Diamantina-Georgina Catchment. Surface water in the Project area and surrounding region is ephemeral. Drainage lines originating in the Jervois Range, include Unca Creek (Figure 11). Unca Creek and its tributaries drain to the east through the Project area and north-east towards Arthur Creek but flood out through the broad drainage plain to the south-east. Watercourses in the surrounding area include Arthur Creek, 18 km north-east, Daylight Creek, 4 km south-west, Midnight Creek, 7 km south, and Bonya Creek, 11 km south-west (Figure 11). Jervois Dam is an artificial water reservoir at the north-west corner of the Project area, which holds a substantial volume of water for several years following rainfall. Faulty construction resulted in a pervious layer in the dam wall which allows seepage, providing long term irrigation for the area immediately east of the dam. It is planned to repair this leak to enable a larger quantity of water to be available for the mining process. Ground water availability on Jervois Station has always been a problem (Low and Strong, 1985). Water from Palaeozoic sediments is frequently salty (Black et 1984) but fault and fracture lines in metamorphic and igneous rock may provide fresh water. Deep Quaternary beds through which major water courses flow can yield good supplies of fresh water. Unka Bore on the project area is high in salt content at 3380 TDS.
Figure 11. Surface water within the Project area and the immediate surronds, including waterholes, minor and major watercourses. Inset shows the Project area in more detail.
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report 3.8 Fire history
Fire history mapping by the North Australia Fire Information (NAFI) service (North Australia and Rangelands Fire Information, 2017) shows that majority of the Project area was burnt in 2002, as a result of very wet years from 1999 to 2001. A small isolated fire also occurred in 2011 by the Jervois Dam. The northern boundary however has not been burnt since 1997 (Figure 12).
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Figure 12. Fire history in the project area from 1997 to September 2017 (North Australia and Rangelands Fire Information, 2017)
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3.9 Sites of Conservation Significance
Sites of Conservation Significance (SoCS) are identified as important sites for biodiversity that need further protecting; in the NT there are 67 SoCS. The 67 areas include sites both of national and of international significance. The are no Socs within 20km of the Project area.
Sites of Botanical Significance (SoBS) are defined as areas that have botanical features distinguishing them from the surrounding landscape, and that are important in terms of the presence of significant plant communities, the presence of species type localities, the integrity of the ecosystems present and the diversity of plant taxa and plant communities present (White, et al., 2000). The Jervois Range SoBs almost overlaps the entire Project area (Figure 13). The SoBs contains five taxa of NT Significance; Bolboschoenus caldwellii, Eremophila cordatisepala, Fimbristylis velata and, Sauropus rigens . Three of which require long term soil moisture to survive (White, et al., 2000). The Jervois Range SoBs is characterised by the sandstone and siltstone hills and footslopes (White, et al., 2000).
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Figure 13. Sites of conservation significance in the Project area and surrounds (White, et al., 2000)
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report 3.10 Flora
3.10.1 Flora species of conservation significance
The NT Flora Atlas identified 6 species of conservation significance within a 20km radius. Three near- threatened species, two data deficient species, and one endangered species, Bolboschoenus caldwellii, (Table 8). None of these species are listed nationally under the EPBC Act. Given the dry and open sparse shrubland habitats of the Project area (see Section 3.6), it is unlikely that three of the conservation significant taxa (B. caldwellii and Sida sp. Hale River) will occur within the area. The species are associated with damp soils and are more likely to be detected within interment water course habitats. Sida sp. Hale River will therefore not be discussed any further. B. caldwellii, however, has been sited at a bore overflow at Jervois Station and its likelihood of occurrence is discussed below (White, et al., 2000).
Table 8. Threatened and conservation significant flora species identified as occurring or potentially occurring within a 20 km radius of the Project area by the database review. EN: endangered, NT: near threatened.
NT Likelihood of Status Flora Recorded occurrence in Family Scientific Name TPWC EPBC PMST Atlas on site Project area
CYPERACEAE Bolboschoenus caldwellii EN Not listed - X Low Low
CYPERACEAE Fimbristylis velata DD Not listed - X High High
MALVACEAE Sida intricata NT Not listed - X High High
MALVACEAE Sida sp. Hale River (P.K.Latz 12036) DD Not listed - X Low Low
PHYLLANTHACEAE Sauropus rigens NT Not listed - X High High
SCROPHULARIACEAE Eremophila cordatisepala NT Not listed - X High High
Bolboschoenus caldwellii (A sedge) Bolboschoenus caldwellii is a rhizomatous perennial sedge. The species occurs in all Australian states; however it is rare in the NT (White, et al., 2000). Therefore, B. caldwellii is not listed under the EPBC Act but is listed as endangered under the TPWC Act. In the NT, B. caldwellii is only known from five isolated populations, all ephemeral wetland areas. One site within Finke Gorge National Park, two sites south of Finke Gorge, Ilparpa swamp sewerage outflow and at a bore overflow on Jervois Station (White, et al., 2000). The Finke Gorge National Park population is now presumed extinct (Kerrigan & Albrecht, 2006). According to Kerrigan & Albrecht (2006), the populations of B. caldwellii on Jervois Station and at Ilparpa Swamp are presumably from propagules transported by birds and are considered ephemeral populations expected to disappear as availability of water ceases. Bolboschoenus caldwellii occurs in damp soils adjacent to permanent or semi-permanent water (Kerrigan & Albrecht, 2006). The record of B. caldwellii on Jervois Station is 3.4 km west of the Project area at Valley bore and is dated 1985. It has not been confirmed whether this population still exists. The desktop survey found there may be suitable habitat for the species in the vicinity of the Jervois Dam and at operational bore
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report overflow areas. If present, the species may only be detected after rains when the soil is moist. Given the availability of suitable habitat and its ephemeral and disjunct distribution in the NT, there is a low likelihood of the species occurring in ephemeral wetland areas in the Project area. Fimbristylis velata (Veiled fringe-rush) Fimbristylis velata is a small densely tufted annual sedge 5-25 cm high (Australian National Botanic Gardens, 2017). The leaves can be hairy, at least on the sheaths and the inflorescence is compound with several to many solitary spikelets on branches to 5 cm long. The nut is biconvex, shining and straw coloured. Fimbristylis velata flowers in spring-summer and grows in moist areas. This species has been recorded within the Project area in the Sonder land system. Sauropus rigens (Sauropus shrub) Sauropus rigens is a distinctive, much-branched shrub up to one metre tall. The stems are hairy when young. The leaves small at 1 - 8 mm long and 1 - 4 mm wide and are clustered. The fruits are dehiscent and spherical in shape and are 5-7 mm long. The species is described as rare in the NT by White et al. (2000) and occurs in the Channel Country Bioregion and the MacDonnell Ranges Bioregion. Sauropus rigens occurs on rocky sandstone ranges or hills, typically on dry steep slopes with Acacia sp. holey trunk or with Acacia georginae, A. cyperophylla and A. sibirica as overstorey dominants (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). The database search identified two records of S. rigens within the 20 km buffer of the Project area. These are 6 km and 14 km north, both within the Jervois Range. Given the close proximity of existing records and the availability of suitable habitat in the Jervois Range, there is a high likelihood S. rigens could occur in the Project area and the species found on sandstone outcrops around Jervois dam. Sida intricata (twiggy sida) Sida intricata is a shrub up to 70 cm tall. The species is widespread across all states of mainland Australia but is less common in NT (Australian Virtual Herbarium, 2017a). Sida intricata is listed as near threatened under the TPWC Act. The species occurs across a wide range of habitats (Atlas of Living Australia, 2017). The closest record of S. intricata identified in the NT Herbarium database extract is approximately 13 km north-east of the Project area, dated 1957. This record is an outlier from the main population occurring around Alice Springs. Due to the close proximity of the record in the NT Herbarium extract and the fact that the species occurs in a wide variety of habitats, there is a high likelihood of S. intricata occurring in the Project area. Eremophila cordatisepala (Fuschia bush) Eremophila cordatisepala is a small shrub 25 – 50 cm in height with purple flowers. The leaves are short with a covering of fine grey hairs and a green to greyish-green appearance. There is little information available on E. cordatisepala in the NT. The species is endemic to the channel country in QLD and NT. The NT Herbarium database identified a record of E. cordatisepala 6 km north of the Project Area in the Jervois range. Records within the vicinity of the Jervois Range are the western distribution limit of this species (White, et al., 2000; Australian Virtual Herbarium, 2017b). Due to the close proximity of the existing record of the species in the NT Herbarium database, there is a high likelihood of the species occurring in the Project area and the species has been found widely distributed in the calcareous soils north of the J range at the south of the Project area.
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WoNS are declared based on invasiveness, potential for spread and environmental, social and economic impacts. Strategic plans for WoNS are developed as a result of their declaration, which defines responsibilities and identifies strategies and actions to control the species. Landholders and managers are ultimately responsible for managing WoNS, and the state/territory government is responsible for overall legislation and administration (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2012b). WoNS identified within a 20 km radius of the Project area are discussed in more detail below. In the NT, a plant is declared a weed if it has been identified for control, eradication or prevention of entry into the NT. All landholders, land managers and land users must comply with the declaration classification. Based on the risk of harm they could cause and how difficult they are to control weeds are placed into the following classes:
• Class A – to be eradicated • Class B – growth and spread to be controlled • Class C – not to be introduced into the NT Nine introduced weed species were identified by the NT Flora Atlas, NT Weeds database and the EPBC PMST search as occurring within a 20km buffer of the Project area.
Table 9. Introduced flora and weed species identified by the desktop study of the Jervois Base Metal Project corridor including if the species is a WoNS and the class it is declared under in the NT within a 20 km buffer of the Project area EPBC On Site NT Weeds NT Scientific name Common name PMST Database WoNS Class Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass X X Chloris virgata Feather top Rhodes grass X Citrullus colocynthis Paddy melon X X Cynodon dactylon Couch grass X X X X Cylindropuntia fulgida Coral cactus, Jumping Cholla X X A,C Malvastrum X X americanum Spiked malvastrum Sida cordifolia Flannel weed X B,C Tamarix aphylla Athel pine x X X A,B x Vachellia farnesiana Mimosa bush X x Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel grass) Buffel grass is a perennial, tussock grass up to 1 m tall. Buffel grass can occur on a diverse range of soils and favours drainage lines, creeks, rivers and alluvial flats, particularly in the shade of trees, but also occurs on plains for improved pasture (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, n.d). The seeds are dispersed by wind, water and attachment to animals, clothing and vehicles. Although buffel grass is not a declared weed in the NT or a WoNS, it is a potential threat to biodiversity, through habitat loss for native fauna species and out-competing native flora species (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, n.d). Buffel grass should be an important consideration for fire
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report management as the species has a high fuel load and can create a fire hazard (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, n.d). Buffel grass has been previously recorded within the Project area. Chloris virgata (feathertop Rhodes grass) Feathertop Rhodes grass is an annual grass with erect stems up and leaf blades up to 60 cm long. Flowering and fruiting occur throughout the year. This introduced species is widespread across Australia. The species can quickly colonise bare or disturbed ground in areas with sufficient moisture (AusGrass2, 2017). Feathertop Rhodes grass has been previously recorded 8 km north-west of the Project area. Citrullus colocynthus (paddy melon) Paddy melon is a prostrate perennial herb with large spherical fruit (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). It has yellow flowers and alternate, lobed leaves that are 20-110 mm long and 20-80 mm wide. Flowering and fruiting occur throughout the year. Paddy melon occurs in a wide variety of habitats across the NT. This species has been previously recorded within the Project area. Cylindropuntia fulgida (Coral Cactus or Jumping Cholla) Jumping Cholla is a distinctive species that is unlikely to be confused with any other in the area. The plant is easily spread when leaflets are broken from parent plants and transported by attaching to vehicles, livestock and people. Once naturalised, they are difficult to control (Dhanji, 2009). Seedlings were widespread in the area around the old mine camp in 2012 and 2013. The 2017 area of infestation occurs adjacent to a watercourse and the main access road to the Jervois Mine. Potential exists for this weed to be spread further along these dispersal corridors. Control of this species should be a priority and control efforts to 2017 have resulted in the only known population being in Unca Ck north of the old mine camp. Cynodon dactylon (couch grass) Couch grass is a perennial sprawling grass with leaves 1.5-9 mm long and 1.2 mm wide (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). The seed head is 3-4 armed with spikes 3-7 cm long. Flowering and fruiting occurs throughout most of the year, but mainly between May and October. Couch grass is distributed throughout much of the NT, and is used extensively as a pasture and lawn species. It grows on sandy to clay soils and often in disturbed sites, along watercourses and on floodplain margins. This species has been previously recorded within the Project area.
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Malvastrum americanum (spiked malvastrum) Spiked malvastrum is an erect, annual or short-lived perennial herb, usually up to 60 cm tall. The species is a weed around waterholes, bores, swamps and clay pans, flood outs, riparian vegetation and in disturbed situations (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). Spiked malvastrum can produce root suckers and can spread by attachment to spread by animals, water, birds, vehicles and machinery. This species has been previously recorded within the Project area. Sida cordifolia (flannel weed) Flannel weed is distributed across WA, NT, SA and Qld, being commonly found in open forest and is disturbed sites such as roadside verges (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). It is an upright herb or subshrub 30-200 cm tall. The inflorescence is a crowded paniculate cluster that is terminal on short shoots or the main axes. The flower is yellow or orange, sometimes with a deeper orange or reddish centre. Flannel weed flowers between March and November, and fruits in all months except January. Flannel weed has been previously recorded 8 km north-west of the Project area. Tamarix aphylla (athel pine) Athel pine is a large, spreading tree up to 15 m tall. Athel pine is a declared weed (Class A & C) under the Weeds Management Act 2001 and a WoNS. The species occurs in sandy riverine habitats in the arid zone. Athel pine is spread by wind and flooding, and is able to colonise sandy soils free of other vegetation (Department of Land Resource Management, 2014). Athel pine has the potential to form a dense monoculture, which impacts stream flow, water levels, native vegetation and soil salinity (Dhanji, 2009). Vachellia farnesiana (mimosa bush)
Mimosa bush is a shrub 1.5-4 m high with smooth brown to grey bark (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). It has bipinnate leaves with 5-14 pairs of leaflets. The inflorescence is globular and pale yellow to white. The seeds are oblique in a brown, narrowly oblong to ellipsoid pod that is 5 mm long and 2.2-2.5 mm wide. Mimosa bush flowers and fruits in most months, particularly the hottest ones. The introduced status of mimosa bush is unclear, with some references defining it as native to the NT (Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013). This species has been previously recorded within the Project area, particularly along Unca Ck riparian area.
3.11 Threatened Ecological Communities
No threatened ecological communities were identified within 20 km of the Project area.
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report 3.12 Fauna
3.12.1 Fauna species of conservation significance
The NT Fauna Atlas identified 18 species of conservation significance; nine of which are also listed under the EPBC Act as threatened; five birds and four mammals were identified by the EPBC PMST as occurring or having potential habitat within 20 km of the Project area (Table 10). Two are listed as critically endangered, two as endangered and five as vulnerable. A further ten species of conservation significance have records in the NT Fauna Atlas within a 20km radius of the Project area. Two species identified by the EPBC PMST and NT Fauna Atlas, Macrotis lagotis (greater bilby) and Isoodon auratus (golden bandicoot), are considered regionally extinct.
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Table 10. Species of conservation significance identified by the EPBC PMST and NT Fauna Atlas within a 20 km radius of the Project area. CE: Critically endangered, EN: endangered, VU: vulnerable, NT: near threatened, DD: Data deficient, NE: Not evaluated
Status Search tool Likelihood of occurrence in TPWC EPBC NT Fauna Project area Group Species name Common name EPBC Act Act PMST Atlas Ardeotis australis Australian bustard Not listed NT - X High
Calidris ferruginea Curlew sandpiper CE VU X - Mod
Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli Red-tailed black cockatoo Not listed NT - X High (central Australian population) Conopophila whitei Grey honeyeater Not listed DD X High Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu Not listed NT - X High Bird Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red goshwak VU VU X - Low Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed kite Not listed NT - X Moderate Pedionomus torquatus Plains wanderer CE DD X - Low
Pezoporus occidentalis Night parrot EN CE X - Low
Rostratula australis Australian painted snipe EN VU X X High
Stictonetta naevosa Freckled duck Not listed NT - X Moderate Dasycercus cristicauda Crest-tailed mulgara VU VU X - Low
Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Black-footed rock wallaby VU NT X - Low - Mod Ranges race Isoodon auratus Golden bandicoot VU EN X X (1969) Very Low (locally extinct) Mammal Rattus villosissimus Long-haired Rat Not listed NT X High Macrotis lagotis Greater Bilby VU VU X X (1930) Low
Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula Common brushtail possum Not listed EN - X (1969) Low (central Australian population) Lagorchestes conspicillatus Spectacled hare wallaby Not listed NT - X Low
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Ardeotis australis (Australian bustard) Ardeotis australis is listed as near threatened under the TPWC Act. Ardeotis australis is widely distributed across inland Australia, where it is still common away from settlement (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Ardeotis australis inhabits grasslands, spinifex, open scrublands, grassy woodlands, sandhills, pastoral lands, burned ground, and occasionally crops and airfields (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The species is irruptive and dispersive in response to rainfall (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The breeding season of A. australis is from August to November in southern Australia and can occur during all months of the year in northern Australia in response to wet seasons (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Ardeotis australis nests on open bare ground by bush, stones and tussock grasses (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The closest record of this species to the Project area is 20 km south-west in the Harts land system, which consists of uplands steep-sided mountains and hills, with pockets of shallow gritty and stony soils and sparse shrubs and grasses (Perry et al. 1962). Due to the wide variety of habitats this species occurs in and the presence of these in the region, there is a high likelihood that this species occurs in the Project area. Calyptorhynchus banksia samueli (Red-tailed black-cockatoo) The subspecies Calyptorynchus banksii samueli occurs in inland NSW, southern Qld, southern NT, northern SA and western WA (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The species is listed as near threatened under the TPWC Act and is locally common in suitable habitat across the southern NT. Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli inhabits tall open forests, woodlands, grasslands, scrublands, floodplains, river margins, E. camaldulensis along watercourses and wetlands (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli breeds between April and July in tree hollows (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The closest record of this species to the Project area is 25 km south in the Unca land system, which consists of stony plains on granite, schist and gneiss, dissected by broad sandy valleys with open or sparse low tree or no tree cover over short grass and some areas with spinifex over red clayey sands (Perry et al. 1962). This species occurs in a wide variety of habitats that are present in the region; therefore there is a high likelihood that this species occurs in the Project area. Calidris ferruginea (Curlew sandpiper) Calidris ferruginea is a small to medium sized shorebird that is present in Australia during the non- breeding season from late August to April (Department of Environment and Energy, 2017b). Calidris ferruginea is listed critically endangered under the EPBC Act and vulnerable under the TPWC Act. In Australia, C. ferruginea inhabits coastal and brackish lagoons, intertidal mud and sand flats, estuaries, saltmarshes and occasionally inland freshwater wetlands (Ward, 2012). The closest record of this species to the Project area is 265 km south-west of the Project area at the Alice Springs wastewater treatment plant. Due to the availability of suitable habitat at the Jervois Dam and the proximity of the closest known record of the curlew sandpiper, there is a moderate likelihood that this species may occur in the Project area during the non-breeding months (late August to April). Conopophila whitei (Grey honeyeater) Conopophila whitei is sparsely distributed across inland Australia from north east SA west through the Pilbara in WA and north to Frewena and Wave Hill, NT (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Conopophila whitei inhabits mature mulga woodland, open mulga with spinifex, tall open acacia scrubland and sandhills with red mulga, canegrass, beefwood and desert bloodwood (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The breeding season of C. whitei is generally between August and September (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The species nests in the outer foliage of shrubs approximately 2 m above the ground (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). The closest record of this
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report species to the Project area is 12 km south-east of the area in the Unca land system. Due to the widespread occurrence of habitat potentially suitable for C. whitei in the area surrounding the Project area, there is a high likelihood that this species occurs in the Project area. Dromaius novaehollandiae (Emu) Dromaius novaehollandiae was widely distributed across the Australian mainland although sparsely in the NT, but is now mostly absent from closely settled areas (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Dromaius novaehollandiae inhabits plains, scrublands, open woodlands, coastal heaths, alpine pastures, semi- deserts, margins of lakes, and pastoral and cereal growing areas (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Dromaius novaehollandiae breeds between April and October, and nests on the ground (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Winnecke found Aboriginal emu track carvings on trees along a creek in the Jervois Range in 1880 and the major Emu Dreaming site at Eurobra Rockhole attest to presence of emus in the area (Low and Strong 1985). The closest recent record of this species to the Project area was 8 km north-east of the Project area in the Sonder land system (see Table 5 for description) and tracks were identified near the old tailings dam in 2017. Due to the wide variety of habitats this species occurs in and the presence of these in the region, there is a high likelihood that this species occurs in the project area. Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Red goshawk) Erythrotriorchis radiatus is a large reddish-brown hawk with conspicuous dark streaks from chin to belly and barring on the underwing and tail (Woinarski, 2006). It is listed as vulnerable under both the TPWC Act and EPBC Act. The species is generally confined to tall wooded areas in the narrow coastal and sub- coastal strip in northern Australia from Kimberly (WA) across NT and QLD to northern NSW, though sparse throughout its range (Department of Environment and Energy, 2017c). However, there are some recent, isolated records in central Australia (Debus, 2012). Erythrotriorchis radiatus is known to have a home range of up to 200 km2 (Woinarski, 2006). The preferred habitat is tall open eucalypt forest and riparian areas (Woinarski, 2006). Erythrotriorchis radiatus nests in large trees, often the tallest in the stand, and nest trees are within 1 km of permanent water. The closest records of E. radiatus to the Project area are 380 -390 km west on the Stuart Highway. Previous surveys found potential but low quality habitat for the species in the Jervois Dam seepage area. Given the availability of marginal habitat, there is a low likelihood that this species may occur in the Project area. Lophoictinia isura (Square-tailed kite) Lophoictinia isura inhabits heathlands, woodlands, forests, tropical and subtropical rainforests, timbered watercourses, and hills and gorges across much of Australia except the central and inland south (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Lophoictinia isura is rare, sparse and partly migratory (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Lophoictinia isura breeds between July and November and nests high in large trees (Pizzey & Knight, 2012). Lophoictinia isura has been recorded within the Project area in the Bond Springs land system. Therefore, there is a moderate likelihood that this species will be present in the Project area in the future. Pedionomus torquatus (Plains wanderer) Pedionomus torquatus is a small, terrestrial, ground dwelling bird that is likened to a quail but in comparison is more slender, with longer legs and a fine bill (Department of Environment and Energy, 2017d). The upper parts are generally mottled, pale with black crescents and the female has a conspicuous white-spotted black collar and rufous breast. Pedionomus torquatus is listed as critically endangered under the EPBC Act but is not listed under the TPWC Act. The species is known from south-
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report eastern Australia, particularly in the Riverina, with some isolated records in SA and inland QLD. The preferred habitat is sparse low grasslands, typically with 50% bare ground and most vegetation under 5 cm in height (Woinarski & Ward, 2016). Desktop surveys of land unit and vegetation mapping and on- ground habitat searches indicate this habitat does not occur in the Project area. The closest record of P. torquatus is approximately 200 km west in QLD in 2007. There is one unconfirmed record of Pedionomus torquatus in NT, 470 km south-west of the Project area on Erldunda Station, recorded in 1977 (Bennet, 1983). Given large distance from the nearest records of the species and the absence of suitable habitat in the project area, P. torquatus has a low likelihood of occurring in the Project area. Pezoporus occidentalis (Night parrot) Pezoporus occidentalis is restricted to arid and semi-arid Australia. The species is listed as endangered under the EPBC Act and critically endangered under the TPWC Act. The distribution of P. occidentalis was not well documented but the species was apparently relatively common in central Australia prior to the 1920’s, however there were only unconfirmed records post-1950 (Pavey, 2006a). The species was widely considered to be extinct before a specimen was discovered near Boulia and Cloncurry in QLD in 1990 (Pavey, 2006a). Recent search efforts including acoustic recording have detected small populations of P. occidentalis, confirming its persistence in western QLD (Pyke & Ehrlich, 2014) and more recently, Northern WA (Western Australia) (Verhagen, 2017), Kalamurina Sanctuary, SA (Australian Wildlife Conservancy, 2017), and an unconfirmed 2017 call recording in southern NT (Carter and Watson, pers comm. 2017). Records of P. occidentalis in western QLD, northern WA and southern NT are from spinifex (Triodia sp.) hummock grasslands in stony or sandy areas (Pavey, 2006a; Pyke & Ehrlich, 2014). The recent record of P. occidentalis in Kalamurina Sanctuary, SA occurred within chenopod shrublands (Tecticornia and Sarcocornia spp.). Pezoporus occidentalis is nocturnal and Pyke & Ehrlich (2014) suggest that they are sendentary, but may occasionally fly to and from the areas where they spend most of their time at water sources. Pavey (2006), however, states that P. occidentalis appears to be highly nomadic in response to food and water availability, highlighting the lack of consistent information about the ecology of the species. Pezoporus occidentalis becomes active during dusk, and generally flies to water before foraging (Pavey, 2006a). The species is said to breed after abundant rainfall, but this is not confirmed. The closest NT Fauna Atlas record of P. occidentalis to the proposed disturbance area is approximately 135 km west and dated 1949. According to Northern Australian Fire Information (2017), vegetation in the northern part of the Project area is long-unburnt. Analysis of land unit and vegetation mapping and on- ground habitat searches revealed no spinifex grasslands or chenopod shrubland dominated by Tecticornia and Sarconornia spp. occur in the Project area. Therefore, due to the lack of suitable habitat for P. occidentalis, there is a low likelihood that the species is present in the Project area. Rostratula australis (Australian painted snipe) Rostratula australis is a stocky wading bird, with a long pinkish bill. The taxonomy of R. australis has been unclear in the past. It was originally described as a species distinct from R. benghalensis (painted snipe), but the two were synonomised by Peters (1934) (Baker, et al., 2007). Although the reason for this was uncertain, this classification was followed until recently when Lane & Rogers (2000) proposed species level separation (Baker, et al., 2007). Rostratula australis is considered a full species under the EPBC Act and TPWC Act. It is listed as endangered under the EPBC Act and vulnerable under the TPWC Act. It is
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report thought that R. benghalensis and R. australia are geographically separated and that R. australis does not migrate outside of Australia (Lane & Rogers, 2000; Baker, et al., 2007). The majority of R. australis records are from south-eastern Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin region (Taylor, et al., 2013). In the NT, R. australis has been recorded on the Barkly Tablelands, at Lake Woods and Sturt Plateau, but may occur also in the northern NT on any shallow ephemeral wetlands in central or southern NT (Taylor, et al., 2013). Most records of R. australis are from shallow inland wetlands, either fresh or brackish, which may be temporarily or ephemerally filled (Lane & Rogers, 2000). There are no sites where R. australis is known to be resident or even regular in occurrence, suggesting the species may be nomadic (Lane & Rogers, 2000). Rostratula australis feeds mainly at night on a diet of seed and invertebrates at the waters edge and on mudflats, and nests on the ground (Taylor, et al., 2013). A single female R. australis has been recorded in March 2012 at the Jervois Dam. Habitat provided in the Jervois Dam is consistent with Taylor, et al (2013) and Lane & Rogers (2000) when there is water in the dam. Therefore, there is a high likleihood that this species may occur within the Project area when there is water in the Jervois Dam. Stictonetta naevosa (Freckled duck) Stictonetta naevosa is dark greyish-brown and evenly freckled all over with white or buff (Birdlife Australia, 2017). It has a distinctive narrow and slightly upturned bill. The male’s bill becomes crimson at the base during the breeding season. Stictonetta naevosa is mainly distributed across south east and south west of Australia, but occurs as a vagrant elsewhere in Australia. The species generally inhabits permanent freshwater swamps and creeks, and generally rests in dense cover such as bullrushes, lignum or tea-tree. The closest record of this species to the Project area is 5 km south of the Project area in the Unca land system. Due to the presence of standing water in the Project area at the dam and the vagrancy of the species in the arid zone, there is a moderate likelihood that this species may occur in the Project area in the future. Dasycercus cristicauda (Crest-tailed mulgara) Until relatively recently, the taxonomic distinction between Dasycercus cristicauda and its congeneric D. blythi was ambiguous, but has been clarified by Woolley (2005). This lack of taxonomic clarity has led to a lack of clarity in knowledge of the distribution of the two species, as it is difficult to relate the current taxonomy to records from potential overlap areas prior to the acceptance of this taxonomic revision. The distribution maps produced by Woolley et al. (2013) show that the distribution of D. cristicauda is driven largely by the distribution of dunefields and appears to be confined largely to the Simpson Desert area of southern NT, north-eastern SA and south-west QLD. Dasycercus cristicauda is listed as vulnerable under both the EPBC Act and the TPWC Act. D. blythi is also listed as vulnerable under TPWC Act but is of lower concern under EPBC. In the southern NT, D. cristicauda inhabits the slopes and crests of sandridges with a high cover of Triodia basedowii and a relatively high abundance of ephemeral plant species with large seed crops (Pavey, et al., 2011). Dasycercus cristicauda is a nocturnal species, which constructs burrows at the base of Triodia and Z. paradoxa hummocks (Pavey, et al., 2006; Pavey, et al., 2011). Breeding has been observed during June and September (Pavey, et al., 2011). Dasycercus cristicauda is carnivorous and its diet includes invertebrates, reptiles and small mammals (Pavey, et al., 2006). Threats to D. cristicauda may include predation by introduced predators, altered fire regimes and grazing by introduced herbivores (Pavey, et al., 2006; Pavey, et al., 2011).
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Distribution maps produced by Woolley et al. (2013) show that the closest likely record of D. cristicauda to the Project area is approximately 250 km south-east, in the Simpson Desert. These records are from sand ridges on the western edge of the Simpson Desert, which support Z. paradoxa or T. basedowii hummock grasslands. Desktop analysis of land unit and vegetation mapping found there are no sand ridges in the Project area. Given the absence of suitable habitat and the large distance from the nearest known population of D. cristicauda, there is a low likelihood that it is present in the Project area and the lower concern species, D. blythii is more likely to occur. Isoodon auratus (Golden bandicoot) Isoodon auratus is a small bandicoot weighing up to 600 g. The species is listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act and endangered under the TPWC Act. Isoodon auratus formerly occurred across most of northern, central and WA across a very broad variety of habitats. However, population numbers declined rapidly within decades of European settlement, and disappeared from the central deserts between the 1940s and 1960s (Burbidge, et al., 1988). The last specimen from the desert country of mainland NT was from the northwest Tanami in 1952 (Palmer, et al., 2012). Isodon auratus is now known from only one location, in the NT, Marchinbar Island in the Wessel chain, north-eastern Arnhem Land (Fisher & Woinarski, 1994). The NT Fauna Atlas database (2015) identified one record of I. auratus within 20 km of the Project area, however this is dated 1968. As I. auratus is considered regionally extinct on the NT mainland the species has a low likelihood of occurring in the Project area and the species will not be discussed further in this report. Lagorchestes conspicillatus (Spectacled hair wallaby) Lagorchestes conspicillatus leichardti is the subspecies of L. conspicillatus that currently occurs on mainland Australia, as opposed to L. c. conspicillatus which occurs only on Barrow Island, WA (Winter, et al., 2016). L. c. leichardti was formerly distributed across almost half the Australian continent, but is now only patchily distributed in northern WA and central-northern NT, and widespread in areas northern Queensland from Cape York to Rockhampton (Winter, et al., 2016). Lagorchestes conspicillatus leichardti inhabits open forests, open woodland, tall shrublands, and tussock and hummock grasslands, and regularly feeds in areas regenerating after fire (Winter, et al., 2016). Breeding occurs year round (Winter, et al., 2016). Threatening processes impacting on L. c. leichardti are likely to include predation by foxes and possibly feral cats, introduced herbivores and changes in fire regimes (Winter, et al., 2016). The closest record of this species to the Project area is 6.5 km west of the Project area in the Lucy land system in 1952 (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2015), which consists of plateaux and uplands with gidgee and short grass over various coarse shallow soils, and minor entrenched flat- floored valleys with mulga or sparse low trees and short grass over red earths (Perry et al. 1962). Due to the contraction in this species range, there is a low likelihood that it occurs in the Project area. Macrotis lagotis (Greater bilby) Macrotis lagotis is a nocturnal medium-size marsupial, originally distributed across 70% of the Australian mainland but now restricted to 20% of its former range in south-west QLD and an area extending from the western deserts of the NT and WA north to the Pilbara and Kimberley regions (Pavey, 2006a). Macrotis lagotis is listed as vulnerable under both the EPBC Act and the TPWC Act. The species occurs in a wide variety of habitats that can be classified into three major groups; sparse grassland/forbland on uplands and hills with a low fire frequency, mulga scrub/ woodlands on ridges and rises with an infrequent (20-50
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report year) fire interval and hummock grassland/ mixed shrub or woodland steppe on plains and alluvial areas with a high (4-10 year) fire frequency (Southgate, 1990). In the sandy deserts, M. lagotis appears to exhibit low site fidelity and high mobility and it is thought that movement of groups is in response to spatial and temporal variability in resource availability (Southgate, et al., 2007). The closest records of M. lagotis to the Project area is approximately 6 km north-east, however this is dated 1930. There are two records of M. lagotis between 20 and 30 km north of the Project area dated 1962 and 1969. An unreported sighting of fresh droppings at a burrow near an aboriginal community south-east of Utopia in 2008 suggests either an escapee or a relict occurrence Moon and Low (2008). Habitat available in the Project area is consistent with those described by (Southgate, 1990) and, therefore, potentially suitable for M. lagotis. However, it is generally accepted that M. lagotis no longer occurs within this region. Therefore, there is a low likelihood that this species is present in the Project area and the species will not be discussed further in this report. Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race (Black-footed rock wallaby) Petrogale lateralis is a moderate-sized macropod with a mass of 2.8 - 4.5 kg (Pavey, 2006c). The species is listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act and NT under the TPWC Act. The distribution of Petrogale lateralis spans from the Davenport and Murchison Ranges in the north, east to the Jervois Range, west to the WA border and south to the SA border (Pavey, 2006c). Geomorphological features favoured by P. lateralis are steep slopes, cuestas, deep gorges and boulder scree slopes, which are common in quartzite ranges where the majority of P. lateralis records are from (Gibson, 2000). Individuals emerge late in the afternoon or early evening to feed mainly on grass (Eldridge & Close, 1995). Breeding may be influenced by seasonal factors and is potentially continuous (Pavey, 2006c). Threats to P. lateralis include predation by introduced and native predators and competition for food and shelter by introduced herbivores, altered fire regimes, habitat destruction from clearing, mining and quarrying, habitat degradation by invasive weeds, small population sizes and fragmentation, disease, disturbance by tourists, drought and climate change (Pearson, 2013). The closest record of P. lateralis to the Project area is approximately 45 km east in the Hogarth and Huckitta land systems (Perry, et al., 1962). These records are dated 1987. These land systems are characterised by sandstone mountains, plateaux and uplands. The desktop survey found in the Project area, there is potentially suitable habitat for the species within the Sonder land system in the Jervois range in a small area in the north-western corner. The Sonder land system is described as bold quartzite and sandstone ridges with rocky cliffs, steep slopes and very little soil supporting spinifex vegetation. Access to this area is difficult. If the species is present, the only long term water in the area is the Jervois Dam although ephemeral rock holes would be more widespread . Secondary sign searches around the dam may be the most efficient way to detect the presence of P. lateralis. There is a low - moderate likelihood that P. lateralis occurs within the Propject area in the small area of potentially suitable habitat in the Jervois Range in the far north-western corner of the lease. Rattus vilossissimus (Long-haired rat) Rattus villossisimus occurs in central and northern Australia in core cracking clay areas during dry periods, but across a much larger area during irruptions following high rainfall (Woinarski & Aplin, 2016). This species is nocturnal, has an extremely high reproductive potential and is largely restricted to refuges within the arid zone where food and water are available. While there appear to be no major threats acting upon R. villossisimus, there seem to be fewer irruption events than in the past. This could be related to habitat degradation within refuges, as well as an increased threat of hunting by feral cats, particularly
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report during periods of low population. Rattus villossisimus has been recorded in all land systems within the Project area. There is a high likelihood that this species will be present in the Project area during irruptions. Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula (Common brushtail possum – central Australian subspecies) The common brushtail possum is a medium-sized arboreal mammal. Outside the NT, this species occurs across much of the continent, including SA, Victoria, NSW, south western QLD and much of WA, including in urban areas of most capital cities. This species occurs in isolated populations in southern NT (Pavey & Ward, 2012). It formerly had an extensive distribution in the NT that included most of the Tanami and Great Sandy Deserts across to the WA border at Lake Mackay and Kintore, south to Charlotte Waters, east to the Todd and Hale River floodouts in the Simpson Desert, and as far north as the Murchinson Ranges (Pavey & Ward, 2012). The Tjoritja/West MacDonnell National Park is a remaining foothold for the species, although there is no information available on actual population size (Pavey & Ward, 2012). Sightings of possums on the Hale River near Ruby Gap in the 1990s by Gibson et al have not been more recently confirmed. Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula is now restricted to riverine habitat, close to rocky outcrops and moist gullies within ranges or rocky slopes (Pavey & Ward, 2012). Tree hollows in tops of dense trees are used for shelter and the diet consists of the flowers, fruits and leaves of a wide range of non-eucalypt species (Pavey & Ward, 2012). Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula is not listed under the EPBC Act but is listed as endangered under the TPWC Act. There are two historical records of T. v. vulpecula within 20 km of the Project area. These are both 7 km east of the Project area, likely on Unca Ck dated 1969. Habitat consistent with Kearle, et al. (1992) may exist in the Project area in the Jervois Dam seepage area and along Unca Creek. However, the species is thought to persist only in the West MacDonnell Ranges National Park and Krichauff Range and there is a low likelihood of T. v.vulpecula occurring in the Project area.
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3.12.2 Migratory and marine species
The EPBC PMST and NT Fauna Atlas identified 17 migratory species as occurring or potentially occurring within 20 km of the Project area (Table 11). The Jervois Dam provides habitat for migratory aquatic or wading species during the migration period, when there is water in the dam.
Table 11. Fauna species listed as migratory and/ or marine under the EPBC Act as identified as occurring or potentially occurring within a 20 km radius of the Project area by the database search. Mi: Migratory; Ma: Marine, J: Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; C: China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; R: Republic of Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; B: Bonn Convention (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals)
NT Fauna International Scientific name Common name EPBC PMST Atlas agreement Common sandpiper X Tringa hypoleucos MiMa X J, C, R, B Fork-tailed swift X Apus pacificus MiMa X J, C, R Great Egret Ardea alba Ma X Cattle egret Area ibis Ma X Sharp-tailed sandpiper X Calidris acuminata MiMa X J, C, R, B Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea MiMa X J, C, R, B Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos Ma X Oriental plover Charadrius veredus MiMa X J, C, R, B Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum MiMa X J, C, R Caspian tern X Hydroprogne caspia MiMa Barn swallow Hirundo rustica MiMa X J, C, R Rainbow bee-eater Merops ornatus Ma X Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea MiMa X J, C, R Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava MiMa X J, C, R Glossy ibis X Plegadis falcinellus MiMa B
Rostratula benghalensis Painted snipe (sensu lato) Ma X Common greenshank X Tringa nebularia MiMa J, C, R, B
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3.12.3 Introduced fauna species
Ten introduced fauna species were identified by the EPBC PMST as occurring or potentially occurring within 20 km of the Project area (Table 12). There are no records of introduced fauna within a 20 km radius of the Project area in the NT Fauna Atlas database. This is likely due to the lack of fauna records in the region.
Table 12. Introduced fauna species identified as occurring or potentially occurring within 20 km of the Project area by the EPBC PMST and NT Fauna Atlas. Scientific Common name PMST name
Bos taurus Cattle X
Canis lupis Domestic dog X familiaris
Camelus Camel X dromedarius
Equus asinus Donkey X
Equus caballus Horse X
Felis catus Cat X
Mus musculus House mouse X
Oryctolagus Rabbit X cuniculus
Sus scrofa Pig X
Vulpes vulpes Red fox X
3.13 Aquatic and Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
Aquatic ecosystems in the Project area and immediate surrounds are ephemeral, as watercourses only contain water following good rainfall. There are no records of aquatic fauna, such as fish or freshwater invertebrates, in the NT Fauna Atlas within a 20 km buffer of the Project area. However, aquatic systems in arid Australia, particularly those not within National Parks, are understudied. It is highly likely that fish and aquatic invertebrates will occur in the watercourses within or surrounding the Project area following good rainfall. Burrows of fresh water land crabs, likely Holothuisiana transversa, were found in nearby Arthur Creek by Low and Strong (1985). The understanding of, and information available for, groundwater dependent ecosystems in central Australia is developing slowly. Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum) and some Corymbia species are known to be dependent on groundwater. E. camaldulensis is dependent on shallow ground water, up to 10 m below ground level (Horner, et al., 2009), while Corymbia species tend to be deeper rooted, from 8- 20 m. Mature Corymbia opaca (Bloodwood) trees that have survived long lasting droughts may be better at extracting soil water against higher pressure deficits. The species is locally common within 20 km of the Project area. The river red gums at the Jervois dam have flourished since the dam was built in the late 1970s or early 1980s, as a source of water for the newly opened Jervois mine in 1983.
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4 FIELD SURVEY RESULTS 2012–2018
4.1 Climatic conditions prior to and during the survey
Rainfall records for Jervois Homestead for the 20 year period including the present surveys are shown in Figure 5. The July 2012 dry season survey followed a reasonably good wet season and 2.2 mm of rainfall at Jervois during July 2012. This was preceded by a wet season in which 188.2 mm of rain fell. The highest daily temperature during July 2012 was 29.6°C and the lowest daily temperature was 15.9°C. The monthly average temperature for July 2012 was 20.4°C. No rain fell at Jervois during the March 2013 survey. This was preceded by a low wet season rainfall of 69.8 mm and the year eventually had the lowest annual rainfall record since records began in 1966. The highest daily temperature during March 2013 was 40.6°C and the lowest was 27.3°C. The monthly mean temperature during March 2013 was 36.6°C. Consequently, seasonal conditions were generally dry for what had been intended to be a late wet season survey. The September 2017 survey took place during an above average dry season. No rain fell at Jervois during September 2017, however, 53.4 mm of rain fell in July 2017, most of which fell in just one day. 285.4 mm fell during the preceding wet season. The highest daily temperature during September 2017 was 40.8°C, and the lowest was 22.9°C. The monthly mean temperature for September 2017 was 30.9°C. The May 2018 survey followed a very dry wet season, with the last major rainfall of 65.5 mm in November 2017. The highest daily temperature during May 2018 was 36.6°C, with a low of 12.2°C. The monthly mean temperature was 25.4°C.
4.2 Land unit and vegetation community mapping
Three broad land systems; Sonder, Bond Springs and Unca, occur within the Project area (Table 6). Perry, et al. (1962) further differentiated the land systems into small scale land units, however the project area was not mapped. Based on descriptions provided by Perry et.al (1962), and on-ground survey results LES have mapped land units over the Project area based on local topography, soils and vegetation types (Figure 14). Nine land units occur within the project area. The majority of the Project area falls within the Bond Springs (Bs) land system, consisting mainly of unit Bs4; defined by undulating plains and drainage flats at the base of other Bs units. This system is dissected by numerous drainage lines and tributary channels that make up the Bs5 land unit. The Sonder (So) and Unca (Uc) land systems occupy the north-western and southern portions of the project area respectively. The So system shows distinct differences in landscape and geology, being composed of sedimentary sandstone and quartzite in the form of steep, benched cuestas and ridges. Three land units exist within this system and while structure of vegetation communities resemble those in land units Bs2 and Bs3, species assemblages differ. Two land units exist within the Uc system, with the low hills of Uc4 occurring close to Bs3. The stony interfluves of Uc1 occur at the base of these hills and the numerous drainage channels that occur within this unit show a distinct vegetation type from the drainage channels of Bs5 (Table 13).
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Based on survey results, eight refined vegetation communities have been mapped over the Project area. These are described in Table 14 and mapped in Figure 15. The vegetation communities present in each land unit and the dominant plant species present within each of these vegetation communities are shown in Table 15.
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Table 13. Description of land units in the Project area based on Perry, et al. (1962)
Land system Landform Broad description Land type Soil Vegetation Bond BS 2 Bold rocky hills, low Schist ridges forming closely dissected tracts; Outcrop with pockets of shallow, Sparse shrubs or low trees including Acacia springs rugged undulating short, rocky hill slopes, 10-35%, with basal stony or gritty soil. kempeana (Witchetty Bush) and Senna species. country and narrow colluvial aprons. Also Acacia aneura (Mulga) over sparse forbs and plains. short grasses. BS 3 Erosional slopes at the foot of BS1; 1-5%. Range of shallow soils including red Mulga and Acacia georginae (Gidgee) or sparse Rock outcrops in upper sectors, shallow clayey sands, red earths and low trees over short grasses and forbs. Sparse gulling down slope. calcareous earths. shrubs and low trees over Triodia basedowii (Hard Spinifex) on sandier soils. BS 4 Discontinuous drainage flats and basins with Alluvial soils, red earths and Absent, sparse low trees or occasional Mulga over minor tributary fans. texture contrast soils. short grasses and forbs. BS 5 Channels up to 30 m wide and 1.5 m deep. Coarse grit bed-loads. Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) and Acacia estrophiolata (Ironwood) over sparse mid- grasses. Sonder So 1 Bold rocky hills, low Cuestas; on moderately to steeply dipping Outcrop: very little shallow stony Sparse shrubs and low trees. Witchetty Bush and rugged country and strata; slightly bevelled, weathered crests. soil. Senna spp. or Mulga over Triodia (Spinifex) or So 3 narrow plains. Rock faces and structural benches; gullied sparse grasses and forbs. escarpments and dip slopes dissected by
parallel V-shaped valleys.
So 5 Major channels up to 3 m deep with adjacent Bed loads range from sand to River Red Gum –Ironwood over sparse grasses. narrow sandy flats. boulders. Unca Uc 1 Gently undulating Interfluves up to 1 km wide; slightly rounded Not recorded Interfluves up to 1 km wide; slightly rounded stony stony plains. stony crests and steeper margins with crests and steeper margins. rounded valley heads
Uc 4 Low hills. Outcrops with patches of shallow, Sparse shrubs and low trees over sparse forbs and gritty or stony soil. grasses.
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Figure 14. Land systems and land units of the project area (based on Perry et al, 1962). Descriptions of each land system are provided in Table 13.
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Table 14. Vegetation communities present in the Project area as described during the on-ground surveys Vegetation Description community 1 Hummock (Triodia basedowii, Triodia pungens) grassland with sparse shrubs and low trees. 2 Sparse, low Acacia siberica shrubland over short grasses and forbs. 3 Acacia estrophiolata tall, open woodland over short grasses with sparse shrubs. 4 Tall Acacia aneura woodland over short grasses in fire protected valleys and upper reaches of drainage lines. 5 Tall, open woodland with Corymbia and Acacia siberica over short grasses and forbs; on floodplains and at the base of ranges. 6 Sparse low Acacia woodland over hummock grasses. 7 Eucalyptus camaldulensis tall woodland over sparse grasses in drainage channels and rocky creek beds. 8 Acacia georginae (Gidgee) dominated woodland. Sparse grass and forb understorey.
Table 15. Vegetation communities descriped in Table 14 and dominant species in each land unit as described during the on-ground surveys Land Land Vegetation Dominant species system unit community Bond Bs2 1 Acacia spondylophylla, Corymbia apparrerinja, Triodia basedowii, Enneapogon springs oblongus 4 Acacia aneura, Atalaya hemiglauca, Senna artemisioides ssp. helmsii, Enneapogon polyphyllus, Aristida holathera 2 Acacia sibirica, Acacia aneura, Atalaya hemiglauca, Aristida holathera, Aristida contorta, Enneapogon polyphyllus Bs3 2 Acacia sibirica, Acacia aneura, Atalaya hemiglauca, Aristida holathera, Aristida contorta, Enneapogon polyphyllus 1 Acacia spondylophylla, Corymbia apparrerinja, Triodia basedowii, Enneapogon oblongus 5 Acacia estrophiolata, Acacia aneura, Senna artemisioides ssp. oligophylla, Enneapogon polyphyllus Bs4 5 Acacia estrophiolata, Acacia aneura, Senna artemisioides ssp. oligophylla, Enneapogon polyphyllus 2 Acacia sibirica, Acacia aneura, Atalaya hemiglauca, Aristida holathera, Aristida contorta, Enneapogon polyphyllus 3 Acacia estrophiolata, Acacia aneura, Acacia tetragonophylla, Pterocaulon sphacelatum, Cenchrus ciliaris, Themeda triandra 7 E. camaldulensis, Acacia estrophiolata, Themeda triandra, Cenchrus ciliaris, Eulalia auria 8 Acacia georginae, Enneapogon polyphyllus, Sclerolaena bicornis Bs5 7 E. camaldulensis, Themeda triandra, Cymbopogon ambiguous, Triodia longiceps 5 E. camaldulensis, Themeda triandra, Cymbopogon ambiguous, Triodia longiceps Sonder So1 1 Triodia pungens, Acacia spondylophylla, Acacia monticola, Grevillea wickhamii, Eremophila latrobei So3 1 Acacia aneura, Senna artemisioides ssp. helmsii, Triodia pungens So5 6 Acacia aneura, Acacia kempeana, Corymbia opaca, Triodia pungens 7 Acacia aneura, Acacia kempeana, Corymbia opaca, Triodia pungens
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Land Land Vegetation Dominant species system unit community Unca Uc1 2 Acacia aneura, Senna artemisioides oligophylla, Atalaya hemiglauca, Aristida holathera, Enneapogon polyphyllus 3 Acacia estrophiolata, Acacia aneura, Acacia tetragonophylla, Pterocaulon sphacelatum, Cenchrus ciliaris, Themeda triandra 5 Acacia estrophiolata, Corymbia opaca, Acacia aneura, Corymbia apparrerinja, Atalaya hemiglauca, Senna artemisioides oligophylla, Aristida holathera, Eragrostis eriopoda Uc4 2 Acacia sibirica, Acacia aneura, Atalaya hemiglauca, Enneapogon polyphyllus, Aristida holathera 5 Acacia estrophiolata, Corymbia opaca, Acacia aneura, Corymbia apparrerinja, Atalaya hemiglauca, Senna, artemisioides oligophylla, Aristida holathera, Eragrostis eriopoda
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Figure 15. Refined vegetation community map of the Project area based on results from the on-ground surveys
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report 4.3 Regionally exceptional areas
No sites of conservation significance are identified for the Project area, however, a large portion falls within the loosely defined and mapped Jervois Range Site of Botanical Significance. The Jervois SoBS is defined mainly on the outlier presence of several species of ground plants, two dependent on wetland situations, and two, primarily data deficient species, at the extreme of their ranges. The EIS on-ground surveys indicate several areas with vegetation communities or habitats within the Project area were assessed as being regionally exceptional (Figure 16). Although these habitats are not protected under legislation, it is suggested that mining activities avoid these areas or minimise impact to them where possible. Three areas in the Project area were assessed as being ecologically exceptional in the region in which the Project is planned. These are not listed communities or habitats but “stood out” during the on- ground survey: the Eremophila cordatisepala area south of the proposed tailings dam at site J04, the flood over/shallow drainage area with higher density of large bloodwood and other trees at the south- east corner of the proposed tailings dam location; and the fire shadow area with large mulga trees on the north flank of the Jervois Range east of J06. In addition, the Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) in the riparian community along Unca Ck is a groundwater dependent species and is common along water courses in the Project area. All of these areas are on the fringe or outside potential facility development areas and minor adjustment of development plans would minimise or prevent impact on the ecology of the areas. Mature mulga woodland The small patch of mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland located on northern slope of the Jervois Range in the southern part of the Project area (Figure 16) is about 3.55 ha. The mulga trees are estimated to be 150 - 200 years old (Hamilton & Low, 2000). This vegetation community is significant due its fire sensitive nature, mature mulga woodlands of this age are uncommon. This particular grove has been protected from fire due to its isolated location and the reduced ground vegetation due to grazing of the surrounding vegetation. The area lies to the east of the proposed mine site Rock Face Pit and Rock Hole Pit and can be avoided or impact minimised by sensitive planning for access or exploration drilling. Mature bloodwood and ironwood woodland The mature bloodwood and ironwood woodland is located in a central area of the Project area near the southern end of the proposed tailings dam and is about 2.56 ha (Figure 16). These trees occur in relatively deep and mature soils on a gentle slope where surface and possibly shallow ground water from the rise pools, this is where the tailings dam will be located. The trees are important because of their age as well as being habitat trees containing hollows for nesting birds and mammals. While, native title has not been declared on the area, these trees would require approval by the Central Land Council to be removed as they exceed the minimum diameter to do so without approval. Further assessment on the quality of the habitat and actions to reduce impact should be continued.
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Figure 16. Regionally exceptional vegetation communities identified in the Project area during field surveys.
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A total of 196 flora species were identified from 42 families during the 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 surveys (Appendix 3). During on ground surveys two out of the seven species listed under the TPWC Act were located; E. cordatisepala and S. rigens. Six out of the nine introduced species were recorded on site (Table 16) A total of 78 flora species, from 20 families were identified from 14 sites throughout the May 2018 survey. During the September 2017 survey, 131 flora species from 32 families were identified from 11 sites. An additional five specimens could only be identified to the genus due to a lack of flowers, seed heads or fruit. A total of 50 species from 23 families were identified during the relatively dry post wet season March 2013 survey from 9 sites. During the July 2012 survey, 91 species from 23 families were identified from 9 sites (Figure 17). Results from the 1999 survey included plants recorded from a survey conducted in 1985 of the wider Jervois pastoral lease. These results were not included in this report as this is not indicative of the Project area. The number of flora species recorded varied between on-ground surveys, with the highest number recorded in September 2017 (n= 131). Decent rainfall of 53.6 mm in July prior to the survey, and an increased survey effort of 11 sites compared to 9 sites in previous years, may be the reason for an increase of flora.
140
120
100
80
60 Noof species 40
20
0 2012 Jul 2013 Mar 2017 Sept 2018 May Survey
Figure 17. Number of flora species identified in the 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 on-ground surveys of the Project area
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No threatened flora species were recorded in the Project area. Out of the seven species identified in section 3.10.1, two near-threatened species (under the TPWC Act); E. cordatisepala and S. rigens were recorded during the 2012 ,2013, 2017 and 2018 surveys (Figure 18). Sauropus rigens was recorded at sites J03b and J04 on skeletal soils on steep sandstone ranges and slopes of the Jervois Range in 2017 and 2018 (Figure 18). Eremophila cordatisepala was recorded during the 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 on-ground surveys at sites J02, J04, J06 and J13 on undulating calcareous plains with low open woodland (Figure 18). These plants were in flower and active recruitment of seedlings was observed. Grazing by cattle was observed, but regeneration was occurring. A count of individual E. cordatisepala plants in a 20 x 20 m quadrat, originally conducted in the dry post-wet season survey in 2013, was repeated at site J04 in 2017 following a year of good rains and again in 2018 after a dry post-wet season survey. The count showed an increase in the number of individual plants and a number of juvenile plants (2013: n = 10, 2017: n = 46 [16 adults and 30 juveniles). In 2018 the count decreased (n= 11) and juveniles from the previous year were thought to be misidentified. However within another two quadrats (Appendix 4 for waypoints) a further 32 plants were identified. The species was also wide spread along the main road to site J04. Despite good wet season rains and a good winter rain in 2017, targeted searches for B. caldwellii, S. intricata and F. velata were unsuccessful. The post wet season survey in May 2018 was very dry and therefore the searches remained unsuccessful. In the 2017 field survey, two specimens of Sida species were collected but could only be identified to genus level due to a lack of flowers, seed heads or fruit. Similarly, specimens of Fimbristylis sp. were also taken during the 2012 survey at site SD4 and during the 2017 survey at sites J07, J08 and J13, but could not be identified to species level. In 2018 one Sida specimen was collected but could only be identified to genus level, all other specimens were identified.
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Figure 18. Locations of flora of conservation significance recorded in the Project area during the 2012, 2013 and 2017 on-ground surveys
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4.4.2 Introduced flora Species
A total of six introduced flora species out of the nine mentioned in section 3.10.2, were recorded during the field surveys (Table 16). Two of these species are WoNS and listed as declared weeds in the NT. C. ciliaris is not listed as a weed in the NT nor is it a WoNs, however it is a threat to biodiversity through increased fire hazard and competition.
Table 16. Introduced flora and weed species recorded during field surveys within the Project area Scientific name Common name WoNS NT Class Site
Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass Throughout the Project area Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata Coral cactus X A, C Old mine village
Cynodon dactylon Couch grass J03b, Unca Creek Malvastrum americanum Spiked malvastrum J06, J11 Tamarix aphylla Athel pine X A,B Old mine village
Vachellia farnesiana Prickly mimosa J01, J03b, J06, J07, J08, J11
Tamarix aphylla is a WoNs and NT declared weed and was recorded at one location (see Figure 19). Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata is a WoNS and an NT Declared. An infestation was recorded in 2012 in the vicinity of the old mine village and has since been controlled by KGL staff (Lennartz, pers comm, Sept 2017). Just one dead plant was observed in the old village during 2017 (-22.651487°, 136.272315°; Figure 19). However, a number of juvenile C. f. var. mamillata were recorded in the Unca Creek bed next to the old mine village (-22.649975°, 136.273721°) and it is likely that more are present in the vicinity. The location of these two WoNS species is mapped in Figure 19. The locations were revisited in 2018, and the surrounding surveys for further plants, however no C. f. var. mamillata were recorded. Four other introduced flora species, C. ciliaris, C. dactylon , M. americanum and V. farnesiana were also recorded during on-ground surveys. These species are not WoNS or declared weeds in the NT. However, C. ciliaris has also been considered as a threat to biodiversity (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, n.d). Cenchrus ciliaris was widespread throughout the Project area in all field surveys, particularly around disturbed areas such as tracks, watercourses, historical mine infrastructure and water points. Cynodon dactylon was recorded is areas around the edges of Jervois Dam, particularly in the seepage area and along the Unca Creek (site J03b) and around cattle bore overflow areas. Malvastrum americanum was recorded in relatively low numbers in disturbed areas in scattered locations throughout the Project area (sites J06 and J11). Individuals of V. farnesiana were observed in drainage and floodplain areas throughout Project area (sites J01, J03b, J06, J07, J08 and J11). Site locations are mapped in Figure 4.
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Figure 19. Introduced flora species classed as WoNS and/or declared weeds in the NT found during field surveys of the Project area
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report 4.5 Fauna A total of 118 fauna species have been recorded during the 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 surveys; 79 birds, 22 mammals, 14 reptiles and 3 amphibians (Appendix 5). A total of 50 species were recorded during the October 1999 survey; 35 birds, 7 mammals, 6 reptiles and 2 amphibian species. Sixty species in total were recorded during the July 2012 survey; 48 birds, 8 mammals, four reptiles and no amphibians. Fourty species were recorded during the dry March 2013 survey; 29 birds, 6 mammals, 5 reptiles and no amphibians. Fifty-five species were recorded during the September 2017 survey; 43 birds, 8 mammals; 3 reptiles and 1 amphibian. During the May 2018 a total of 44 species were recorded; 30 birds, 11 mammals, 1 reptile and 2 amphibians (Figure 20). Bat calls were recorded for one night during the 2017 survey. Five species were identified, with Gould's wattled bat dominating the call recordings. Further recordings in 2018 over three nights identified seven species, with Gould’s wattle bat and Little broad-nose bat dominating the call recordings. None of the bat species are listed as species of conservation significance in the NT. A copy of the bat identification report is provided by Dennis Matthews (Site Description J15 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J14 Survey number; 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 15/05/2018 Observer: Xavier
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Two kms south of future tailings dam facility Sloping plain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 5113-5116
Land unit: BS Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 1km Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Mining road
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
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Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 30% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 0% Ground Vegetation (%): 50% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0% Rock / stone: 0% Bare ground: 100% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Schist
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red brown
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 40% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 4
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layern ife form and height of tallest stratum7Dense (Circle one)
Very sparse Life form and height Dense Sparse Mid-dense (<10%)s rees > 30 of tallest (70-100%)eMid- (10-30%)aVery maall closed- se (70-1Dense (30-70%)(Sparse dense sparse ll open-nll open- Tall woodll woodland- Trees > 30 m-all Tall closed- T Tall open- closed-foresteall forestoall open- forestwall Tall woodlandoall en-forestwood ll Tall woodll Tall open-woodland odlandll o ll open-woodland odlandll o ll open- odlandll o ll en-woodland1ndr doodlands en-woodland1ndr
WoodlandoOpen- Trees 10-30 mdlosed- Closed-forest pen Open - Open-woodland woodland -forestfpen -forest -forestdoodland- forestaoodland- Low closedO - O Low open- forestpow open- Low forestoow woodlandnow oodlandope w woodland-ow pen-wo pen-wo pen-wo ndlandShr hrubs ndlandShr hrubs ndlandShr hrubs m-8 mosoosed - m-8 mosoosed - m-8 mosoosed -
-scrubsall -scrubsall Trees 5-10 mfow -scrubsall rublandl op ll rublandl op ll closed-forestsow rublandl op ll en-shr Dominant species en-shr Cover (%) Lowof strata open - Stratapen-forest dla w en-shr Average ht.and (m)and (record in order of dominance) andand (% coverwoodland classes) hrubs 2-8 oodlandope w open- andand of stratabs 0-2 m-losed - bs 0-2 m-losed - -ssosed -scrubb nddlandhru hrubs 2- bs 0-2 m-losed - Emergent tree Corymbia opaca 8- 12 osed dosed -scrubb -heathhLow<10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: -heathhLow -heathhLow shrublandpow shrublandpow Upper shrub Acacia estrophilatashrublandp ow 2-4 pen-sh pen-sh <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Hakea macrocarpapen-sh andand andand andand e most dominant Senna artemisiodes subsp. sturtiie most dominant Lower shrub e most dominant 0.5-1 orey Mids vverst orey Mids vverst <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: orey Mids vverst reyidddstorey reyidddstorey reyidddstorey L L Ground layer: Cenchrus ciliarisL 0.20 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 Closed -
scrub-pen- Open-scrubball Tall shrublanduall rub shrubland-all open- shrubland-all en-shr andand en-shr andand bs 0-2 m-losed - andand bs 0-2 m-losed - Shrubs 2-8 mulosed - bs 0-2 m-losed - -scrubspen-scrubhrlll -heathhLow Tall open- -heathhLow rublandl op ll open- shrublandpow shrubland0 hrubs 0- -heathhLow shrublandpow ndublandrub hrubs 0-2 pen-sh osed dosed -heathh shrublandpow pen-sh -hsosed -heathh andand pen-sh andand e most dominant e most dominant andand orey Mids vverst Low Ecological Services P/L orey30 Mids/08/2018 vver st 77 e most dominant reyidddstorey reyidddstorey orey Mids vverst L reyidddstorey L L KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site photographs 2018: North East
South West
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Site Description J16 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J14 Survey number; 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 16/05/2018 Observer: Xavier, Bill, Mareike, Charlotte
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
East of camp, potential rock lay area, south of open mine Low-hills
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: High Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 5171-5174
Land unit: BS Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 1km Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Mining road
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 15% Vegetation Litter (%): 15% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 10% Ground Vegetation (%): 60% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 5% Rock / stone: 55% Bare ground: 40% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Schist
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red brown
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 60% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 6
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Very sparse Life form and height Dense Sparse Mid-dense (<10%)s rees > 30 of tallest (70-100%)eMid- (10-30%)aVery maall closed- se (70-1Dense (30-70%)(Sparse dense sparse ll open-nll open- Tall woodll woodland- Tall closed- T Tall open- Trees > 30 m-all forestoall open- forestwall Tall woodlandoall closed-foresteall Tall woodll odlandll o ll open- Tall open- en-forestwood ll odlandll o ll en-woo ndlandTre rees woodland1 rees 10- odlandll o ll open- en-woo ndlandTre rees 30 m losed--osed- doodlands rees 10- ndlandTre rees 30 m -forestfpen - stestOpenen -forest losed--osed- 30 m -forestfpen - esttstWooodland- stestOpenen -forest -forestfpen - esttstWooodland- O esttstWooodland- O O WoodlandoOpen- Trees 10-30 mtlosed- Closed-forest pen Open - Open-woodland woodland -forestfpen -forest -forestdoodland- forestaoodland- Trees 5-10 mcow Low closedO - O Low open- Low open- closed-forestsow forestpow open- forestoLow Low woodland woodland hrubs 2-8 pen-forestdlaLow woodland -ssosed -scrubb woodland woodland
Closed - scrub-pen- Open-scrubball Dominant species Tall shrublanduallCover (%) of strata Strata rub shrubland-allAverage ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) open- (% cover classes) shrubland-all en-shr of strata andand en-shr andand Emergent tree Corymbia opaca 8 bs 0-2 m-losed - andand bs 0-2 m-losed - <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:Shrubs 2-8 mulosed - bs 0-2 m-losed - -scrubspen-scrubhrlll -heathhow Tall open- Upperrubland shrubl op ll openAcacia- kempeana -heathhow 5 hrublandpen<10 w 10shrubland-30 30-700 h rubs>70 0- layer: -heathhow hrublandpen w ndublandrub hrubs 0-2 pen-sh osed dosed -heathh hrublandpen w pen-sh -hsosed -heathh Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii andand Lower shrub pen-sh andand 1 e most dominant<10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: e most dominant andand orecies:o Overst orecies:o Overst e most dominant oreyiidstorey Ground layer: As above oreyiidstorey0.1 orecies:o Overst L <10 10-30 30-70 >70 oreyiidstorey L L
Closed - Shrubs 0-2 mtlosed - heath-pen- Open-heathlow Low -heathhpen- ath shrublandsow shrubland-ow Low open- ath shrublandsow pen-sh pen-sh shrublando hhree shrublandsow open- pen-sh andand andand ost dominant s andland d e most dominant e most dominant andand stories:o Overstorey most dominant orecies:o Overst orecies:o Overst e most dominant M stories:o Overstorey orecies:o Overst oreyiidstorey oreyiidstorey M oreyiidstorey L L L
LowThree Ecological most dominant Services species: P/L 30/08/2018 81 Overstoreyiidstorey swwer Midstoreyoower storeymb 1. Lower storeya 1. Corymbia storeyr 1. Corymbia opaca 1. Corymbia opaca opaca KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site photographs 2018: North East
South West
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Appendix ). Invertebrates including wolf spiders, huntsman spiders, scorpions, centipedes, snails and cockroaches were not recorded in a systematic way during the surveys and have not been included in the report. The number of bird species recorded during the surveys varied, and was particularly low in the March 2013 survey (October 1999 n=35, July 2012 n=48, March 2013 n=29, September 2017 n=43 and May 2018 n=30). This may have been due low rainfall leading up the survey resulting in dry conditions. The number of mammals caught was relatively consistent throughout the surveys, with a decline in 2018, (October 1999 n= 7, July 2012 n= 8, March 2013 n= 6, September 2017 n= 8 and May 2018 n= 2). Fewer reptiles were recorded during cooler months in July, September and May; (October 1999 n=6, July 2012 n=4, March 2013 n= 5, September 2017 n= 3 and May 2018 n= 1). Amphibians have been rare except after good rain leading up to the survey as was the case in the 1999, 2017 and 2018 surveys (October 1999 n=2, July 2012 n=0, March 2013 n= 0, September 2017 n= 1 and May 2018 n= 2).
60
50
40 Birds Mammals 30 Reptiles Amphibians
20 Numberspecies of
10
0 1999 Oct 2012 Jul 2013 Mar 2017 Sept 2018 May Survey Period
Figure 20: Number of birds (blue), mammals (red), reptiles (orange) and amphibians (purple) recorded during the 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 surveys of the Project area.
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report 4.5.1 Fauna species of conservation significance Despite targeted survey efforts no threatened species listed under the EPBC Act or TPWC Act were recorded during field surveys within the Project area. Two near threatened species under the TPWC Act, Dromaius novaehollandiae and Rattus villosissimus, were recorded within the Project area. D. novaehollandiae (emu) tracks were recorded during the September 2017 survey on the western side of the Jervois Dam. Habitat suitable for emus in the Project area is not critical to the species survival or likely to cause a change in conservation status of the species. During the 2012 survey, inactive burrows and scats of R. villosissimus (long-haired rat) were observed at sites J02, J04 and J05. Two species of snails, Semotrachia huckittana and S. jinkana, were recorded in gorges and under fig trees in nearby stations. Snail shells have been found throughout the Project area, however they have not been identified as either of the listed species. One species listed as marine under the EPBC Act, Merops ornatus (rainbow bee-eater), was recorded during the September 2017, during the spring and autumn surveys in 1999 and 2013. The species was not recorded in the post wet survey in 2012 and 2018. Despite targeted survey effort, no other fauna species of conservation significance were recorded during on-ground surveys of the Project area.
4.5.2 Introduced fauna
Four out of the ten introduced fauna species, listed in section 3.12.3, were recorded during the on- ground surveys. These are Bos taurus (domestic cattle), Mus musculus (house mouse), Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) and Felis catus (feral cat). Domestic cattle are widespread across the Project area as the land use is pastoral. House mice were more widespread across the Project area in 2017 during the dry survey compared to the 2018 post wet survey. House mice were caught in Elliott traps in all surveys, expect 2018, and observed in the camp kitchen. Two rabbits were observed during spotlighting in the September 2017 survey. Camel, donkeys and horses are known to be in the area (R Lennartz, pers comm, 2017).
4.6 Aquatic and Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, C. opaca and C. aparrerinja were recorded throughout the Project area during on-ground surveys. E. camaldulensis, is known to rely on groundwater during times of low rainfall. The Corymbia spp. are deep rooted and known to withstand severe droughts by extracting water from as deep as 20m.
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5 CONCLUSIONS
This report presents information from a desktop review and five field surveys over 18 years. Desktop studies include database and literature reviews to gain an understanding of the broad and fine scale environmental information relating to the Project area. This includes; climate, bioregions, geology, soil types, land systems, vegetation types, fire history, sites of conservation significance, flora and fauna species of conservation significance listed under the TPWC Act and EPBC Act, introduced flora and introduced fauna. The literature review provided information on species occurring or potentially occurring within or near the Project area assisting with the search for threatened species which may be impacted by potential mining developments. Field surveys were conducted by LES in the late dry (1999 and 2017) and in the post wet (2012, 2013 and 2018), including a total of 25 sites encompassing all land units in the Project area. Two flora species listed as near threatened under the TPWC Act, Eremophila cordatisepala and Sida rigens were recorded during on-ground surveys. Eremophila cordatisepala was recorded during the 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 surveys on undulating calcareous plains with low open woodland (Figure 18). This habitat type is common throughout the project area in the metamorphic felsic geological zone comprising the eastern and southern 2/3 of the project area. There is a high likelihood that E. cordatisepala occurs at sites other than those at which the species was found during field surveys. These records of E. cordatisepala are on the western edge of its range which is widespread in SW Queensland. Sauropus rigens was recorded at two sites on sandstone slopes in the hills bordering the NW side of the mining lease during the 2017 and 2018 field survey. Both of these sites were in the area which was likely to have been heavily disturbed during construction of the Jervois Dam. Sauropus rigens inhabits rocky hills and ranges, which are a common habitat type North West of the Project area. It is advised that minimal development take place in the area, to reduce the impact on the plant population in the area.
Despite targeted survey effort, no other species of conservation significance listed under the EPBC Act or TPWC Act were recorded in the Project area. The residual likelihood of occurrence of those species in the Project area is discussed below. Habitat searches for Bolboschoenus caldwellii near two operational bores did not reveal any plants as there was no overflow and therefore no suitable habitat for the species. The Jervois Dam was considered suitable habitat for the species and the area was searched thoroughly but unsuccessfully in the 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018 surveys. KGL Resources have advised that the seepage from the dam will be repaired to minimise water loss and that this habitat will not remain. The closest record of B. caldwellii by Kerrigan & Albrecht (2006) was recorded as a population outlier at a bore overflow in 1985 and it is not confirmed whether it still exists. The species is relatively long lived when water is continuously available and since the only known populations occur in artificially watered situations it is likely this opportunistic species is not normally native to the area. The 2017 on-ground survey followed good rainfall and potentially could have assisted the species if it was present in the area. However, the 2013 survey was early in a serious 2 year drought which may have killed any B. caldwellii in the area.
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The NT Flora Atlas identified Sida intricata as occurring within the wide spread Bond Springs land system in the area. The record of S. intricata is an outlier from the main southern population and is dated 1957. This species was not recorded during any on-ground surveys. During the 2017 field survey two Sida sp. specimens were collected and one specimen in 2018, both could not be identified to species level due to a lack of flowers, seed heads or fruit. For these reasons and because of the presence of suitable habitat, there remains a moderate likelihood that this winter rainfall species may occur within the Project area. The NT Flora Atlas identified records of Fimbristylis velata within the Project area in the Sonder land system. However, this species was not recorded during any on-ground surveys of this area. Fimbristylis species are often only prominent following rainfall. Good rainfall occurred prior to the 2012 and 2017 surveys. Specimens identified only to genus Fimbristylis sp. were collected during the 2012 and 2017 surveys, but could not be identified to species due to a lack of inflorescences or seed heads. Therefore, there remains a low likelihood that this species occurs within the Project area. No threatened ecological communities listed under the EPBC Act occur within the Project area. However, two vegetation communities, a mature mulga woodland and mature bloodwood and ironwood woodland, assessed as being ecologically exceptional due to the size and inferred age of the trees were recorded during the field surveys. If possible these areas should be avoided or impact within them minimised during exploration work as mature vegetation of this type is uncommon in the landscape. The need for conservation of these areas can be reassessed if the sites prove important to the mining operation. The ground water dependent River Red gum community along the Unca and some tributary creeks may be sensitive to large draw down of the groundwater in the creeks. Six introduced flora species, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata, Cynodon dactylon, Malvstrum americanum, Tamarix aphylla and Vachellia farnesiana, were recorded during the on- ground surveys of the Project area. Tamarix aphylla is a WoNs and NT declared weed (Class A – to be eradicated, and Class B – growth and spread to be controlled). Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata became a WoNS and in 2017 an NT declared weed (Class A – to be eradicated, and Class C – not to be introduced into the NT). Strategic plans for control of WoNS are developed to define responsibilities and identify strategies and actions to control the species. Landholders and managers are ultimately responsible for managing WoNS. Cenchrus ciliaris, C. dactylon, M. americanum and V. farnesiana are not listed as WoNS or declared weeds in the NT. However, C. ciliaris has been defined as a threat to biodiversity. Near threatened species Sida cordifolia and C. virgata were not recorded during any field survey. However, given these species are both common and widespread and have been previously recorded in the surrounds of the Project area, there is a high likelihood that they occur in patchy isolated populations. Also noteworthy are the Sida sp. specimens discussed above that were collected but not identified to species level due to the lack of flowers or fruits. No threatened fauna species listed under the EPBC Act or TPWC Act were recorded during field surveys of the Project area. The residual likelihood that any threatened species identified by the EPBC PMST or NT Fauna Atlas occur in the Project area is discussed below. On-ground habitat searches confirmed that habitat for Calidris ferruginea (curlew sandpiper) consistent with Ward (2012) is present at the Jervois Dam. C. ferruginea was not recorded during any field surveys of the Project area. Due to the availability of suitable habitat at the Jervois Dam its
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report location of this habitat along within southern migration route of the species, there remains a low likelihood that this species may occur in the Project area during the non-breeding months (late August to April). Field surveys identified habitat at the Jervois Dam seepage area to be marginally suitable for Erythrotriorchis radiatus (Red Goshawk), the vegetation being a riparian Eucalyptus woodland up to 15 m in height. The species was not recorded during field surveys of the Project area. Given that potentially marginal habitat is available in the surrounding area, that individuals have large ranges and the fact that it has been recorded in central Australia previously, there remains a low likelihood that this species may occur in the Project area irregularly. Control of seepage by dam reconstruction may result in decline in the marginal quality of the habitat which will reduce the likelihood of occurrence of the raptor. Pedionomus torquatus (Plains Wanderer) was not recorded during on-ground surveys. This species inhabits low, sparse grasslands, which were not found in the Project area during on-ground surveys. Given the large distance from the current known range of P. torquatus, the lack of records in the NT and the absence of suitable habitat in the Project area, there remains a low likelihood that this species is present within the Project area. Pezoporus occidentalis (Night Parrot) inhabits long unburnt spinifex grasslands and chenopod shrubland. Although vegetation in the northern area of the Project area is long-unburnt, on-ground habitat searches found no spinifex grasslands or chenopod shrubland dominated by Tecticornia and Sarconornia spp. in the Project area. P. occidentalis was not recorded during field surveys of the Project area. Therefore, due to the lack of suitable habitat for P. occidentalis, there remains a low likelihood that the species is present in the Project area. Rostratula australis (Australian Painted Snipe) mostly inhabit shallow inland wetlands, either fresh or brackish, which may be ephemerally filled (Lane & Rogers, 2000). Field habitat searches identified suitable habitat at the Jervois Dam, where the species was recorded in March 2012. However, despite targeted survey efforts, the species was not recorded during future on-ground surveys. Given the recent record of the species at the Jervois Dam in 2012 and the availability of suitable habitat, there remains a high likleihood that this species may irregularly occur within the Project area when there is water in the long lasting Jervois Dam. Dasycercus cristicauda inhabits sand ridges with Triodia basedowii and Zygochloa paradoxa hummock grasslands. On-ground habitat searches during the surveys found no sand ridges in the Project area and therefore no suitable habitat for D. cristicauda. Given the absence of suitable habitat and the large distance from the nearest known population of D. cristicauda (~250 km south-east), there remains a very low likelihood that the species is present in the Project area. Search for habitat appropriate for Petrogale lateralis (Black footed rock wallaby) during the field surveys indicated habitat within the Sonder land system in the Jervois range in a small area in the far north-western corner of the Project area is consistent with requirements as described by Gibson (2000) and is likely to be suitable for the species. However permanaent water sources in the ranges are unknown apart from Jervois Dam. Access to this range is difficult. Survey effort included an active search transect undertaken in 2013, secondary sign searches around the dam where they would come to drink and binocular surveys in 2017 and 2018 of the range. P. lateralis was not recorded during on- ground surveys. Due to the availability of suitable habitat for the species in the small area in the Jervois
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Range in the north-western corner of the lease and distant proximity to the closest recent record, there is a low likelihood that P. lateralis may occur within the Project area. Isoodon auratus (golden bandicoot) originally occurred in a broad range of habitats, but is now only known from Manchinbar Island on the north coast of the NT. Although suitable habitat for this species is present within the project area, it is generally accepted that it no longer occurs on the mainland in the NT. Therefore there is a very low likelihood that this species occurs within the Project area. Macrotis lagotis (Greater Bilby) inhabits a range of woodland and grassland habitats, and there is potentially low quality suitable habitat in the Project area. However, the range of this species has contracted in the past few decades and it is no longer thought to occur in the region. Therefore, there remains a low likelihood that this species occurs in the Project area. In central Australia, Trichosurus. v. vulpecula (common brushtail possum) is in recent times restricted to riverine habitat close to rocky outcrops and moist gullies within ranges or rocky slopes (Pavey & Ward 2012). On-ground habitat searches identified potentially suitable habitat in the Project area in the temporary seepage area at Jervois Dam and further down Unca Creek, although the trees at Jervois Dam may be too young with few nesting cavities. Active searches in all areas of potential habitat for secondary signs of T. v. vulpecula, particularly scratch marks on trees and scats and camera traps in the area did not detect the species. However, there remains a low likelihood of T. v. vulpecula occurring in the Project area. Two fauna species listed as near threatened under the TPWC Act, Dromaius novaehollandiae (emu) and Rattus villosissimus, (long haired rat) were recorded in the Project area from tracks and burrows, respectively. One species listed as marine under the EPBC Act was recorded in the Project area during on-ground surveys, M. ornatus (rainbow bee-eater). No other species of conservation significance were recorded, their likelihood of occurring is discussed below. Tracks of Dromaius novaehollandiae were recorded in the September 2017 survey. This vagrant species occurs in low density in a wide variety of habitats and it is highly likely to occur throughout the area. The survey results indicate that conditions resulting from high rainfall in 2010 - 2011 caused a widespread population irruption in southern NT of Rattus villosissimus (long haired rat). The species expanded west from their core habitat into the Project area and underwent a natural population decline as conditions became unfavourable. Given that the area of occupancy of Rattus villosissimus varies greatly throughout time in response to rainfall, the species is highly likely to occur in the Project area again during population irruptions. Ardeotis australis (Australian bustard) inhabits a wide range of open habitats from grassland to open woodland. It is also irruptive and dispersive in response to high rainfall events with subsequent insect population flushes. Given that there is suitable habitat for this species and it is likely to be present at low densities throughout the region, there remains a high likelihood that A. australis will occur in the Project area. Calyptorhynchus banksii samueli (Red Tailed Black cockatoo) inhabits wooded areas and grasslands throughout central Australia, and scattered populations occur through the riverine areas surrounding Jervois mine area. These habitats were identified in the Project area during on-ground surveys, and there remains a high likelihood that this species will occur in the Project area.
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Conopophila whitei (Grey Honeyeater) occurs in mulga woodland and acacia scrubland. This species is known to be nomadic. Suitable habitat for C. whitei occurs in the Project area, therefore there remains a high likelihood that this species will be present.
Lophoictinia isura (Square tailed kite) inhabits heathland, woodland and forest habitats, hills and gorges. These habitats are present within the Project area. This species is highly mobile, sparsely distributed and partly migratory. As there is suitable habitat for L. isura, and it is known to occur irregularly throughout central Australia, there remains a high likelihood that this species will occur in the Project area. Stictonetta naevosa (Freckled Duck) occurs mainly in south-east and south-west Australia where there is dense cover and permanent water. However, this species occurs as a vagrant throughout inland Australia. The Jervois Dam may provide suitable habitat for vagrants of this species. Therefore, there remains a low-moderate likelihood that this species will occur in the Project area irregularly. Lagorchestes conspicillatus (Spectacled Hare Wallaby) inhabits open wooded areas and grasslands. This species has undergone range contraction in recent decades and in the NT is now only patchily distributed in the central-north. There is potentially suitable habitat for this species in the Project area, but it is likely that L. conspicillatus no longer persists in the region. Therefore, there is a low likelihood that this species occurs within the Project area. Four introduced fauna species have been recorded during surveys in the Project area. These are cattle, house mouse, rabbit and feral cat. Camels, donkeys and horses have been recorded in the area previously (Low Ecological Services, 1985) and it is likely that these species are occasionally present in the region, although these species were not recorded during on-ground surveys. Dogs and red foxes were also not recorded during on-ground surveys, but it is likely that they are present throughout the region. It is unlikely that pigs are present in the region and therefore the Project area. Key threatening processes listed under the EPBC Act that related to these introduced species include: • Competition and land degradation by rabbits, • predation by the European red fox, • predation by feral cats and, • novel biota and their impact on biodiversity (feral camel, feral horse and feral donkey) Three areas in the Project area were assessed as being ecologically exceptional on a regional level. These are not listed communities or habitats but “stood out” during the on-ground survey: the Eremophila cordatisepala area south of the proposed tailings dam at site J04; the flood over/shallow drainage area with higher density of large bloodwood and other trees at the south-east corner of the proposed tailings dam location; and the fire shadow area with large mulga trees on the north flank of the Jervois Range east of J06 proposed Rock Face pit. In addition the Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) in the riparian community along Unca Ck is a groundwater dependent species and is common along water courses in the Project area. In summary, two near threatened flora species, six introduced flora species, two near threatened fauna species and four introduced fauna species were recorded during on-ground surveys of the Project area in 1999, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2018. The residual likelihood of occurrence of species identified by the EPBC PMST and NT Flora and Fauna Atlases is discussed above in relation to information obtained from the desktop study. It is unlikely that the mining operation in the project
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report REFERENCES Ashton, L. & McKenzie, N., 2001. Conversion of the Atlas of Australian Soils to the Australian Soil Classification (ASC), s.l.: CSIRO Land and Water (unpublished). Atlas of Living Australia, 2017. Sida intricata F.Muell.. [Online] Available at: http://bie.ala.org.au/species AusGrass2, 2017. Chloris virgata*. [Online] Available at: http://ausgrass2.myspecies.info/content/chloris-virgata Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, 2018. Summary Climate Statistics Jervois. [Online] Available at: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_015602.shtml [Accessed 22 September 2018]. Australian National Botanic Gardens, 2017. PlantNET - Fimbristylis velata. [Online] Available at: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi- bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Fimbristylis~velata [Accessed 30 November 2017]. Australian Virtual Herbarium, 2017a. Sida intricata. [Online] Available at: http://avh.ala.org.au Australian Wildlife Conservancy, 2017. Stunning detective work uncovers Night Parrots at Kati Thanda- Lake Eyre. [Online] Available at: http://www.australianwildlife.org/field-updates/2017/night-parrots-at-kati-thanda- lake-eyre.aspx [Accessed 04 10 2017]. Baker, A. J. et al., 2007. Mitochondrial-DNA evidence shows the Australian Painted Snipe is a full species, Rostratula australis. Emu, Volume 107, pp. 185-189. Bastin, G. & ACRIS Management Committee, 2008. Rangelands 2008 - Taking the Pulse, Canberra: Published on behalf of the ACRIS Management Committee by the National Land & Water Resources Audit. Bennet, S., 1983. A review of the distribution, status and biology of the plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus, Gould.. Emu, Volume 83, pp. 1-11. Birdlife Australia, 2017. Freckled duck Stictonetta naevosa. [Online] Available at: http://www.birdlife.org.au/bird-profile/freckled-duck [Accessed 29 November 2017]. Black, L. et al., 1984. Huckitta, N.T. Australia 1:250 000 Geological Series, Sheet SF 53-11. Geology 2nd Edition , Darwin: NT Dept of Mines and Energy. Brocklehurst, P., Lewis, D., Napier, D. & Lynch , D., 2007. Northern Territory Guidelines and Field Methodology for Vegetation Survey and Mapping. Technical Report No. 07/2007D, Darwin: NT Government. Burbidge, A., Johnston, K., Fuller, P. & Southgate, R., 1988. Aboriginal knowledge of the mammals of the western deserts of Australia. Australian Wildlife Research, Volume 15, pp. 9-40.
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Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2010. Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Birds, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Dhanji, S., 2009. Weeds of Central Australia - a Field Guide. Darwin: Greening Australia. Dhanji, S., 2009. Weeds of Central Australia - a Field Guide. Darwin: Greening Australia (NT) Ltd. Eldridge, M. D. B. & Close, R. L., 1995. Black-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis. In: R. Strahan, ed. The Mammals of Australia. 2nd edn. Sydney: Reed Books, pp. 377-381. Fisher, A. & Woinarski, J., 1994. Golden bandicoot. Australin natural history, Volume 26, pp. 20-21. Floyd, D. & Anderson, J., 1987. A comparison of three methods for estimating plant cover. Journal of Ecology, Volume 75, pp. 221-228. Gibson, D. F., 2000. Distribution and conservation status of the black-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis (MacDonnell Ranges Race), in the Northern Territory. Australian Mammalogy, Volume 21, pp. 213-236. Hamilton, R. & Low, W., 2000. Environmental Appraisal of Britannia Gold N/L Mineral Leases and Claims in the Jervois Project: Landscape, Flora and Fauna, s.l.: Unpublished report. Horner, G. J. et al., 2009. Mortality of developing floodplain forests subjected to drying climate and water extraction. Global Change Biology, Volume 15, pp. 2176-2186. Isbell, R. & National Committee on Soil and Terrain, 2016. The Australian Soil Classificatoin 2nd ed., s.l.: CSIRO Publishing. Kerrigan, R. & Albrecht, D., 2006. Threatened species of the Northern Territory - Bolboschoenus caldwellii, Alice Springs: Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Lane, B. A. & Rogers, D. I., 2000. The Australian Painted Snipe Rostralula (benghalensis) australis: and endangered species?. Stilt, Volume 36, pp. 26-34. Low Ecological Services, 1985. Resource Appraisal of Jervois Pastoral Lease, s.l.: Unpublished report to the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Low Ecological Services, 2009. Summary report: Monitoring of fauna and flora within EL25758 for the Angela Exploration Project, March 2009, s.l.: Report for Cameco Australia Pty Ltd.. Moon, E. a. L. W., 2008. Atnwengerrpe&Irrultja_Enviro_Risk_Profile_May2008_Final , s.l.: Report to PWC Darwin by Low Ecological Services. Neave, H. et al., 2004. A resource assessment towards a conservation strategy for the Finke bioregion , Alice Springs : Department of Infrastructure and Planning and Environment. Newsome, T., Low, W., Cunningham, R. & Donnelly, C., 2009. Regional Biodiversity Monitoring Project: Factors affecting the distribution of selected wildlife within the vicinity of mining activity in the central and northern Tanami. Late wet-season 2005 - late dry-season 2007, s.l.: Report for Newmont Tanami Pty Ltd.. North Australia and Rangelands Fire Information, 2017. North Australia and Rangelands Fire Information website. [Online] Available at: www.firenorth.org.au Northcote, K., 1968. Atlas of Australian Soils. Melbourne: CSIRO and Melbourne University Press.
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Northern Territory Environmental Protection Agency, 2013. Guidelines for the Assessment of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Darwin: Northern Territory Environmental Protection Agency. Northern Territory Herbarium, 2013. Northern Territory Flora Online. [Online] Available at: http://eflora.nt.gov.au Palmer, C., Woirnaski, J. & Brydie , H., 2012. Threatened species of the Northern Territory - Golden bandicoot, Darwin: Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Pavey, C., 2006a. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis, Northern Territory: Parks and Wildlife Commission. Pavey, C., 2006c. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Black-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis lateralis, Northern Territory: Parks and Wildlife Commission. Pavey, C., Cole, J. & Woinarski, J., 2006. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Crest-tailed Mulgara Dasycercus cristicauda, Northern Territory: Parks and Wildlife Commission. Pavey, C. et al., 2011. Habitat use, population dynamics and species identification of mulgara, Dasycercus blythi and D. cristicauda, in a zone of sympatry in central Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, Volume 59, pp. 156-169. Pavey, C. R., 2006a. National Recovery Plan for the Greater Bilby Macrotis lagotis, s.l.: Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts. Pavey, C. & Ward, S., 2012. Threatened species of the Northern Territory - common brushtailed possum, Darwin: Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Pavey, C. & Ward, S., 2012. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Thick-billed grasswren (north-western subspecies) Amytornis modestus indulkana, Northern Territory: Department of Land Resource Management. Pearson, D., 2013. Recovery Plan for Five Species of Rock Wallabies, Western Australia: Department of Parks and Wildlife. Perry, R. A., Mahbbutt, J. N., Litchfield, W. H. & Quinlan, T., 1962. Land Systems of the Alice Springs Area, Northern Territory, Australia: CSIRO Land Research Series No. 6, s.l.: CSIRO. Pizzey, G. & Knight, F., 2012. The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, Sydney: Harper Collins. Pyke, G. H. & Ehrlich, P. R., 2014. Conservation of the Holy Grail: The Story of the Night Parrot. Pacific Conservation Biology, Volume 20, pp. 221-226. Slatyer, R., 1962. Climate of the Alice Springs Area. Part III in Perry et al. 1962., s.l.: s.n. Southgate, R. I., 1990. Habitat and diet of the greater bilby Macrotis lagotis Reid (Marsupiala: Peramelidae). In: Bandicoots and Bilbies. s.l.:Surrey Beatty & Sons, pp. 303-309. Southgate, R., Paltridge, R., Masters, P. & Carthew, S., 2007. Bilby distribution and fire: a test of alternative models of habitat suitability in the Tanami Desert, Australia. Ecography, Volume 30, pp. 759-776. Taylor, R., Chatto, R. & Woinarski, J., 2013. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis, Northern Territory: Department of Land Resource Management.
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Thackway, R. & Cresswell, I. D., 1995. An Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia: a framework for setting priorities in the national reserves system cooperative program, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Verhagen, S., 2017. Australia National Geographic- Sighting of a lifetime: Night Parrots found in WA. [Online] Available at: http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2017/03/night-parrot-found-in-wa- shocks-bird-watchers [Accessed 4 10 2107]. Ward, S., 2012. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea, Northern Territory: Department of Environment and Natural Resources. White, M. et al., 2000. Plant species and sites of botanical significance. Volume 1: Significant sites. Part 1: Sites of significance, Alice Springs: Arid Lands Environment Centre. Wilson, B. A., Brocklehurst, P. S., Clark, M. J. & Dickinson, K. J. M., 1990. Vegetation Survey of the Northern Territory, Australia.. Darwin: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Winter, J., Woinarski, J. & Burbidge, A., 2016. Lagorchestes conspicillatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T11161A21954319. [Online] Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/11161/0 [Accessed 9 October 2016]. Woinarski, J., 2006. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus, Northern Territory: Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Woinarski, J. & Aplin, K., 2016. Rattus villosissimus. (errata version published in 2017) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. [Online] Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19371A22445090.en [Accessed 30 November 2017]. Woinarski, J. & Ward, S., 2016. Threatened Species of the Northern Territory - Plains wanderer, Darwin: Norhtern Territory Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
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Appendix 2 Location of surveys and survey types conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2017
Site Location Survey type Latitude Longitude J01 -22.648817 136.265177 Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect
J02 -22.652030° 136.271680° Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect, 2x remote cameras J03 -22.645283 136.242050 Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect, 2x remote camera J03 -22.645283 136.242050 Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect J04 -22.673944 136.238195 Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect, Remote camera J05a -22.691329 136.244608 Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect J05b -22.691329 136.244608 Site description J06 -22.633433 136.27008 Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect J07 -22.688454° 136.250027° Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect, Remote camera J08 -22.652326° 136.259127° Site description, bird survey J09 -22.646280° 136.242026° Site description, vegetation transect, bird survey J10 -22.644302° 136.269805° Site description, vegetation transect, bird survey J11 -22.649603° 136.272474° Site description, vegetation transect, bird survey J12 -22.659512° 136.255354° Site description, vegetation transect, bird survey J13 -22.673838° 136.272919° Site description, vegetation transect, bird survey J14 -22.695507° 136.271049° Site description, vegetation transect. J15 -22.65969° 136.255917° Fauna trapping, bird surveys, site description, vegetation transect J16 -22.661700° 136.266629° Site description, vegetation transect M3 -22.635229 136.275855 Site description, vegetation transect. SD1 -22.646577 136.243551 Site description, vegetation transect. SD2 -22.673486 136.246222 Site description, vegetation transect. SD3 -22.684581 136.241771 Site description, vegetation transect. SD4 -22.689983 136.250472 Site description, vegetation transect. SD5 -22.691927 136.237140 Site description, vegetation transect. SD6 -22.693516 136.236649 Site description, vegetation transect. SD7 136.236649 136.236649 Site description, vegetation transect.
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Appendix 3 Flora recorded in the Project are during on-site surveys in 1999, 2012, 2103 2017,2018
Note: 1999 flora results are not included. (Oth=Other)
Family Scientific name Common name Jul-12 Mar-13 Aug-17 May-18 Acanthaceae Dipteracanthus Inc australasicus subsp. australasicus Asclepiadaceae Marsdenia australis Bush banana J12 Amaranthaceae Gomphrena J07 cunninghamii Ptilotus J14 macrocephalus Ptilotus obovatus Silvertails J03, J05b J11 Ptilotus polystachyus J03a Ptilotus schwartzii Horse mulla J05b mulla Ptilotus sessilifolius Crimson foxtail J01, J05, J04 Inc Salsola kali Prickly saltword J13 J13 Tragus australianus Small Burr-grass J14 Apocynaceae Carissa lanceolata Conkerberry J01, SD1 J06, SD6 J03b J03,J06,J 08,J09 Araliaceae Trachymene Wild parsnip J01, J05a J05 glaucifolia Asteraceae Anemocarpa saxitilis Hill sunray Inc Apowollastonia Sunflower daisy Inc stirlingii bush Calotis hispidula Bogan flea J06, J13, J14 Centipeda minima Spreading J09 J09 sneezeweed Chrysocephalum Yellow-buttons J01 apiculatum Pterocaulon Fruit salad bush J01, J03, J01, J04, J04 sphacelatum J04, J05a, J05, J06 J05b, Inc Rhodanthe J07, J14 floribunda Rhodanthe teitkensii Inc Boriginaceae Heliotropium J11 ovalifolium Heliotropium sp. J14 Heliotropium J14 tanythrix Trichodesma Cattle bush Inc zeylanicum Cactaceae Cylindropuntia Coral cactus J02, Inc J11, Inc fulgida var. mamillata Campanulaceae Isotoma petraea Rock isotome J08
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Capparaceae Capparis lasiantha J11 Capparis mitchellii Wild orange J11 Capparis spinosa var. Wild J04, J05 nummularia passionfruit Capparis umbonata Northern wild J01 orange Cleome viscosa Tick weed J08 J05,J07,J 10,J13,J 14,J15 Chenopodiaceae Dissocarpus Cannonball J06, paradoxus saltbush J08, J12, J13, J14 Dysphania cristata Crested J06, J12 goosefoot Enchylaena Ruby saltbush J05a J12 tomentosa Maireana georgei Satiny bluebush J04, J10 Maireana planifolia J03a Rhagodia eremeae J05, J13 Rhagodia spinescens Spiney saltbush J05 J13 Sclerolaena bicornis J06,J08,J 13,J15 Sclerolaena J14 J14 convexula Sclerolaena costata J13 Sclerolaena johnsonii J08 Scleroleana Cartwheel burr J01, J02 J12 J10,J14,J cornishiana 16 Convolvulaceae Bonamia erecta M3 Bonamia media J03, Inc, Evolvulus alsinoides Slender dwarf J01 J12 morning glory Cucurbitaceae Cucumis variabilis Headache vina J04 Inc Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata Delicate sedge J01, J14 J02, J05a Cyperus J03b cunninghamii Cyperus hamulosus J03b Cyperus victoriensis Flat sedge Inc Inc Fimbristylis aestivalis J03b Fimbristylis J06 depauperata Fimbristylis Eight day grass J01, J03, J05, J06 J03b, J01,J04,J dichotoma J04 J04, 05,J15,J J10, 16 ,J11, J12, J13, J14
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Fimbristylis sp. SD4 J07, J03,J10,J J08, J13 13,J15,J 16 Schoenoplectus sp J03b Elatinaceae Bergia perennis Desert mat J03b, J09 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia Caustic weed J01, J05a, J04, J06,J08 drummondii J05b J06, J08, J10, J12, J13, J14 Euphorbia ferdinandi J05b Euphorbia tannensis Caustic buah J12, J13 J15 Euphorbia wheeleri Wheelers's J01 J03b spurge Fabaceae Acacia aneura Mulga J01, J03, J03a, J04, J01, J01,J03,J J04, J05a, J05, J06, J02, 05,J07,J J05b, M3, SD5, J04, 08J15,J1 SD2, SD7 J05, 6 SD3, SD4 J10, Acacia ancistrocarpa Fitzroy Wattle J10 Acacia coriacea Dogwood J05b J01 Acacia estrophiolata Ironwood J01, J02, J01, J02, J01, J01,J03,J J04, SD1 J04, J06, J03a, 06,J11,J SD5, SD6 J11, 14,J15 J13, J14 Acacia georginae Georgina Inc J06 J13 J13 Gidgee Acacia kempeana Witchetty bush J07, J08 J07,J08,J 10,J13 Acacia lysiphloia Turpintine J03a wattle Acacia monticola Hill turpintine J03 J03a J03a Acacia sibirica Bastard mulga J02, J05a, J02, J05 J05, J08 J05 J05b, SD2, SD3, SD4 Acacia Curry wattle J03, J04, J03a J03a J03a spondylophylla J05b, SD3 Acacia victoriae Elegant wattle J08 Crotalaria sp. J15 Glycine canescens Silky glycine J11, J13 J03b Indigofera colutea J14 Indigofera georgei J03, J05a J03a, J05, J11, J12, J13 Indigofera Silver indigo J03, J05b J05 leucotricha
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Indigofera linnaei J06 J12 Indigofera sp. J06, J11 J11,J13,J 14 Petalostylis Butterfly bush J05b Inc cassioides Senna artemisiodes J01, J02 J01, J05,J14 ssp. alicia J12, J13 Senna artemisiodes Silver cassia SD4 J05, J06 ssp. artemisiodes Senna artemisiodes Desert cassia J06, J10,J14,J ssp. filifolia J12, J14 15 Senna artemisiodes Blunt-leaved J04, J05a, J04, J05, J04, J03,J04,J ssp. helmsii senna Inc M3, SD5, J05, 05,J07,J SD6, SD7 J07, 10,J14,J J12, 16 J13, J14 Senna artemisiodes Oval-leaved J02, J05a, J01, J04, J01, J08,J07,J ssp. oligophylla senna J05b , J05, J06, J11, J14 14 SD2, SD4 SD7 Senna artemisiodes J04, J05a, J05, ssp. quadrifolia Inc J07, J12 Senna artemisiodes Grey cassia J01 J04, J11 J04,J05,J ssp. sturtii 07,J10,J 13 Senna glutinosa ssp. Sticky senna J05a, J05 Inc priunosa J05b Senna notabilis Cockroach bush J05 J09 Senna venusta Inc Sesbania cannabina Yellow Pea Bush Dam area Tephrosia J01 brachyodon Tephrosia rosea J06 Tephrosia J11 sphaerospora Tephrosia supina J05a J06 J01,J11 Vachellia farnesiana Prickly mimosa J01, SD1, J01 J01, J01,J09,J Inc J03b, 10,J11 J08, J11 Vinga lanceolata var. Native Bean J15 latiplia Goodeniaceae Goodenia lunata J01, J01,J09,J J05, 10,J11 J08, J13 Haloragaceae Myriophyllum J03b verrucosum Lamiaceae Prostanthera Striped mint- J05b striatiflora bush Loranthaceae Amyema maidenii Pale-leaved J01, J02, J03a ssp. maidenii mistletoe J05a Amyema quandang J08
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Lysiana exocarpi Harlequin J03b mistletoe Lyraceae Ammania sp. J03b Malvaceae Abutilon fraseri J01 J09 Abutilon Destert lantern Inc J04 leucopetalum bush Abutilon macrum J13
Abutilon otocarpum Desert Chinese J01, J04,J06,J lantern J05, 08,J09,J J06, 10,J13,J J07, 14 J08, J12, J13, J14 Abutilon sp. J06 Corchorus sidoides Flannel weed J03, J05, J04 J0b, Inc Gossypium australe Native cotton J04, J04, J05, J08, J12 J08 J05b, SD5, SD7 SD2 Gossypium bickii J05 Hibiscus sturtii ssp. J08 Truncatus Malvastrum Spiked J06, J11 J09 americanum malvastrum Melhania Velvet hibiscus J03a, oblongifolia J05, J06 Sida cunninghamii J11 Sida fibulifera J03a, J08 J07, J13 Sida filiformis J01 J14 Sida Huckitta J04 Sida laevis J03 Sida rohlenae Tall sida J03a, J06 Sida sp. J03b, J13,J15 J04 Sida sp. Rainbow J06 Valley Myrtaceae Corymbia aparrerinja Ghost gum J01, J02, J01, J06, J01, J03 J01,J03,J J05b, SD5 13,J14 SD1, SD2, SD3 Corymbia opaca Desert J01, J02, J01, J02, J01, J01,J03,J bloodwood J04, J05, J03a, J04, J03a, 04,J05J0 SD2, SD3 J05, J06, J04, 7,J08,J1 M3, SD6, J07, 0,J13,J4, SD7 J08, J15,J16 J12, J13, J14 Eucalyptus River red gum J01, SD1 J03a, J06 J01, J01,J11 camaldulensis J03a,
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J03b, J09 Eucalyptus intertexta Inland red box J01 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia coccinea Tar vine J01 J01, J06, J12, J13 Phyllanthaceae Sauropus rigens J03 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum Wild apricot Inc angustifolium Poaceae Aristida biglandulosa J11 Aristida contorta Bunched J01, J04, SD7 J12 kerosene grass J05a, SD2, SD4 Aristida holathera Erect kerosene J01, J02, J04, J05, J01, J04,J05,J grass J03M M3, SD5, J04, 06,J10,J J04, J05a, SD6, SD7 J06, 11,J13,J J05b, J08, 14,J15,J SD2, SD4 J10, 16 J11, J12, J13, J14 Aristida inequiglumis Unequal J01, J04, J12, J13 J13 threeawn J05a, SD2 Cenchrus ciliaris* Buffel grass J01, J02, J01, J02, J01, J01,J06,J J04, J05, J04, J05, J03, 08,J09,J Inc J06,SD6 j04, 10,J11,J J05, 13,J14,J J06, 15,J16 J08, J11, J12, J13, J14 Chrysopogon fallax Golden beard J01, J04 J04, J06,J14 grass J06, J13 Cymbopogon Lemon-scented J02, SD1 J11 ambiguus grass
Cymbopogon Silky heads J02 J01 J03b J09 obtectus Cynodon dactylon* Couch grass J03b, J11 Dactyloctenium Button Grass J01,J06,J radulans 10,J13,J 14,J15 Digitaria brownii Cotton panic J05a J10 grass Enneapogon Native oatgrass J05, J12 avanaceus Enneapogon clelandii J03, SD1 Enneapogon Oat-grass J01, J02, J04, J01,J03,J polyphyllus J04, J05a, J05, 04,J05,J J05b, J08, 06,J07,J SD3, SD4 J10, 08,J10,J
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J11, 13,J14,J J12, 15,J16 J13, J14 Enteropogon Curly windmill J05 acicularis grass Enteropogon Creek Windmill J05a ramosus Grass Eragrostis cumingii Cumming's love J03, Inc grass Eragrostis dielsii Mallee J05 Lovegrass Eragrostis elongata J05b J03b Eragrostis elongata J03b Eragrostis eriopoda Wollybutt grass J01, J02, J04 J06, J03,J07,J J03, J04, J11, 10,J14,J J05a, SD2 J12, J14 16 Eragrostis lacunaria J11 Eragrostis setifolia Narrow-leaf J01 J06 never fail Eriachne aristidea Three-awn J02, SD2 wanderie Eriachne benthamii J09 Eriachne helmsii Woollubutt J05a, SD3 J06, wandarrie grass J03b Eriachne mucronata Moundain J05, J11 wandarie Eriachne pulchella Pretty wanderie J05a J03b, grass J05 Eulalia aurea Silky browntop J01, SD1 J06 J06, J11 J13, J14 Monochather Bandicoot grass J01 paradoxus Paraneurachne Native couch J01, J02, muelleri J05b Paspalidium sp. J13 Themeda triandra Kangaroo grass J01, J05a, J13 Inc Triodia basedowii lobed spinifex J05b, SD3 Triodia longiceps Giant grey J01 spinifex Triodia pungens Gummy spinifex J03, J04, J01, J03a, J01, J01,J09,J SD1 J04, J06 J03a, 10,J11,J J06 03a Tripogon loliiformis Five minute J04 grass Triraphis mollis Purple plume J12 grass Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea Munyeroo, J05 Pigweed Phyllanthaceae Sauropus rigens J03b
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Polygonaceae Duma florulenta Lignum J03b, J09 Protaceae Grevillea juncifolia Desert grevillea J11 Grevillea striata Beefwood Inc J04, J06 Grevillea wickhammii Holly grevillea Inc Inc Hakea chordophylla J04, J05b Hakea lorea ssp. Long-leaved J05b M3, SD5 lorea corkwood Hakea macrocarpa J02, J05, J01, J02, J04, J01 SD2 J06, M3, J08, J12 SD6, SD7 Pteridaceae Cheilanthes Wooly-cloak J03 J03a lasiophylla fern Rhamnaceae Ventilago viminalis Supplejack J01, Inc J03a, J13 Rubiaceae Psydrax latifolia Native currant Inc Inc Sapindaceae Atalaya hemiglauca White wood J01, J02, J04, J05, J01, J01,J03,J J03, J04, J06, SD5, J03a, 04,J05,J J05a, SD6, SD7 J05, 07,J10,J SD1, SD4 J06, 13,J15 J11, J13, J14 Scrophulariaceae Eremophila Inc christophori Eremophila J04, Inc J02, J04, J04, J04,J14 cordatisepala J06 J06, J14 Eremophila freelingii Rock fuchsia J03, Inc J03a J03 Eremophila latrobei Native fuchsia J02, J03, J03a, J10,J14,J J05b, Inc J04, J07 03a Eremophila longifolia Long-leaved Inc J03a, J05 J03a, emubush J06 Solanaceae Nicotiniana sp. J09 Solanum Potato bush Inc cleistogamum Solanum ellipticum J04 Solanum nigrum* Blackberry nightshade Solanum Wild tomato J01, J03, J03a, J03, J08 quadroloculatum Inc J05, J06, J12 Solanum sp. J03a, J13 Tamaricaceae Tamarix aphylla* Athel pine Typhaceae Typha domingensis Cumbungi Inc J03a Violaceae Hybanthus Spade flower J14 aurantiacus Zygophyllaceae Tribulus eichlerianus Bindieye J13,J14
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Appendix 4 Eremophila cordatisepala quadrat waypoints (using WGS84) Quadrat 2
Latitude Longitude
22°40'18.45"S 136°14'12.45"E
22°40'18.58"S 136°14'13.06"E
22°40'19.23"S 136°14'13.00"E
22°40'19.14"S 136°14'11.99"E
Quadrat 3
Latitude Longitude
22°40'18.58"S 136°14'13.06"E
22°40'19.23"S 136°14'13.00"E
22°40'18.46"S 136°14'14.00"E
22°40'19.30"S 136°14'13.86"E
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Appendix 5 Fauna recorded in the Project area during on-site surveys in 1999, 2012, 2103 and 2017
Note: For 1999 survey, only presence or absence is recorded. Oth=Other, Inc=Incidental, tbc=to be confirmed
Group Scientific name Common name Oct-99 Jul-12 Mar-13 Aug-17 May-18
Bird Acanthagenys Spiny-cheeked X J01 J02, Inc rufogularis honeyeater Acanthiza Western J05 apicalis thornbill Acanthiza Yellow-rumped J02 Inc J05, Inc J03 chrysorrhoa thornbill Acanthiza Slaty-backed robustirostris thornbill Acanthiza sp. Thornbill Inc
Acanthiza Chestnut- J05 uropygialis rumped thornbill Acanthiza Chestnut- uropygialis rumped thornbill Accipiter Collared J01 J03 cirrocephalus Sparrowhawk Accipter Brown goshawk Oth faciatus Amytornis Dusky J03 purnelli grasswren Anas gracilis Grey teal J03 J03
Anas Pacific black X superciliosa duck Anthus Australasian X J04 novaeseelandia pipit e Aquila audax Wedge-tailed X J03, J04 Eagle J05 Ardea pacifica White-necked X J03, Inc heron Artamus Black-faced X J01, J01 J03, Inc J03, J15 cinereus woodswallow J02 Artamus Masked J01, J03, personatus woodswallow Other Aythya australis Hardhead J03 Barnardius Australian X J01, J01, J02, J05, Inc J15 zonarius Ringneck J02, J04 J03 Cacatua Little corella X J01 J01 J15 sanguinea Cacomantis Pallid cuckoo X pallidus
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Cheramoeca White-backed X leucosterna swallow Colluricincla Grey shrike- X J03 J03 harmonica thrush Coracina Black-faced X J04 J06 novaehollandiae cuckoo-shrike Corvus orru Torresian crow X J01, J02, J03, J03, J05, J03, J02, J06 J07, Inc J15, J03 other sites Cracticus Pied X J01, J02, J04 J03, J05, nigrogularis butcherbird J04 J07, Inc Daphoenositta Varied Sittella J01 chrysoptera Dicaeum Mistletoebird J01, hirundinaceum J04, J05 Dromaius Emu Inc novaehollandiae Elseyornis Black-fronted J03 J03 J09 melanops dotterel Emblema Painted Finch J03 J03 pictum Eolophus Galah J02 J02, J06 roseiocapillus Erythrogonys Red-kneed J03 J09 cinctus dotterel Eurostopodus Spotted nightjar X Inc argus Falco berigora Brown falcon J05 Inc
Falco Nankeen kestral X J04 cenchroides Falco Australian J02, longipennis hobby J04 Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon J03 Inc
Falco sp. J07
Falco subniger Black falcon J07
Fulica atra Eurasian coot J03 J03 J03, other sites Geopelia Diamond dove X J02 J02 J03, Inc cuneata Geopelia striata Peaceful dove X Inc J03, placida other sites Geophaps Spinifex pigeon J03 Oth J01, J03, J03,J06, plumifera Inc J15, other
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Grallina Magpie-lark X J03 J01, J02, J01, J03, other cyanoleuca J03 Inc Gymnorhina Australian X J01 J01, J02, Inc J04,J15 tibicen magpie J03, Oth Hamirostra Black-breasted J03 Inc melanosternon Buzzard Hieraaetus Little eagle X morphnoides Himantopus Black-winged X himantopus stilt Lalage sueurii White-winged J04 triller Lichenostomus White-plumed X J01, J01, J02, J01, J03, J03, penicillatus honeyeater J02, J03 J07, Inc other J03 sites Lichenostomus Singing J01, J03, J04, Inc J06, J15 virescens Honeyeater J04, J05, J06 J05 Lophochroa Major Mitchell's X J01 J01, Inc J03 leadbeateri cockatoo Malacorhynchus Pink-eared duck X J03 J03, membranaceus other sites Malurus Variegated J02 J03 lamberti fairy-wren Manorina Yellow-throated X J02, J02, J04, J01, J03, J04,J06, flavigula miner J02, J05, J06 J05, J06, J15 J03, J06, Inc J04 Melanodryas Hooded robin Oth J04 J04 cucullata Melopsittacus Budgerigar X J01, J02, J03 J03, Inc J03,J04 undulatus J03 Merops ornatus Rainbow bee- X Inc J03 eater Nymphicus Cockatiel J02, Oth hollandicus J03 Ocyphaps Crested pigeon X J01, J01, J02, J01,J05, J06,J07, lophotes J02 J03 J06, Inc other Oreoica Crested bellbird X J02, J04 J04,J05, gutturalis J04 J15 Pachycephala Rufous whistler J05, J06 rufiventris Petrochelidon Fairy martin J02, ariel J03 Petrochelidon Tree martin J03 nigricans Podargus Tawny Inc strigoides frogmouth
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Podiceps Eared Grebe J03, J09 nigricollis Poliocephalus Hoary-headed X poliocephalus grebe Pomatostomus Grey-crowned X J01, J02, J06 Inc J06, J15 temporalis babbler J03 Ptilotula Grey-headed J03 J01, J03, keartlandi honeyeater J04 Rhipidura Grey fantail J05 albiscapa Rhipidura Willie wagtail X J03, J02, J04, J03, Inc J03, leucophrys J04, J05, J06 J15, J05 other sites Scythrops Channel-billed X novaehollandiae cuckoo Smicrornis Weebill J01, J02, J04, brevirostris J03, J06 J04 Tachybaptus Australasian J03 J03 novaehollandiae grebe Tachybaptus Little Grebe J03, J09 ruficollis Taeniopygia Zebra finch J01, J01, J02, J03, J05, J03,J06, guttata J02, J03, J04, Inc J15, J03 J-5, J06 other sites Todiramphus Red-backed X Inc pyrrhopygius kingfisher Tyto javanica Eastern barn X owl Total: 79 Mamma Austronomus White-striped free-tailed J03 ls australis bat Bos taurus Cattle* X J01, J02, J01, J02, J03, J04, J03, J03, J05 J04, J05, J06, J06, Inc Canis lupis Dingo J01, J01, J03, dingo J03, J05 J04 Chalinolobus Gould's wattled J03 J03 gouldii bat Chalinolobus Chocolate J03 J03 morio wattled bat Felis catus Feral cat* X Oth J03
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Mus musculus House mouse* X J01, J01, J02, J01, J05, J02, J03, J04, J06, Inc J03 J05, Inc Nyctophilus Lesser long- J03 geoffroyi eared bat Oryctolagus European X Inc cuniculus Rabbit* Osphranter Euro X J02, J03, J05 J03, J05 robustus J03, J05 Osphranter Red kangaroo X J01, J04, J05 J03, J05 rufous J04 Ozimops eleryi J03
Pseudantechinu Fat-tailed false J03 J07 J03 s antechnius macdonnellensis Pseudantechinu Fat-tailed J15 s dunnart macdonnellensis Pseudomys Sandy inland J02, hermannsburge mouse J04 nsis Rattus Long-haired rat J02, villosissimus J04, J05 Saccolamius Yellow-bellied sheath- J03 flaviventris tailed bat Scotorepens Little broad- J03 J03 greyii nosed bat Sminthopsis Stripe-faced Inc macroura dunnart Tachyglossus Echidna X aculeatus Vespadelus Finlayson's cave J03 J03 finlaysoni bat Vespadelus Easern forest X pumilus bat Total: 22
Reptiles Antaresia Stimpsons Oth stimsoni python Aspidites Black-headed Oth melanocephalus python Ctenophorus Ring-tailed J05 caudicinctus Dragon Ctenophorus Central Netted X J06 J15 nuchalis Dragon Ctenotus Leonhardi's J02 leonhardii ctenotus
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Ctenotus Barred wedgesnout schomburgkii ctenotus Demansia Yellow-faced Oth psammophis whipsnake Gehyra Tree dtella X variegata Lophognathus Long-nosed X longirostris dragon Pogona vitticeps Central bearded X Oth Inc dragon Varanus Ridge-tailed X acanthurus monitor Varanus gilleni Pygmy mulga J01 monitor Varanus gouldii Sand goanna X J01 J04, 06 Inc
Varanus sp. Goanna J02, J04, Oth
Total: 14 Amphib Cyclorana Knife-footed other ian: cultripes frog Platyplectrum Spencer's X Inc spenceri burrowing frog Litoria rubella Desert tree frog X Inc J03
Total: 3
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Appendix 6 Site description summaries These descriptions can be compared with similar descriptions and site photos in the 2012 and 2013 reports by Carpenter and Low. Yellow indicates response for 2017, red for 2018 and green the same response for both years.
Site Description J01: Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Adapted from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J01 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/09/2017 and 15/05/2018 Observer: Katie Xavier
Site description & location details: North of old mine village undulating Landform pattern: Undulating floodplain with ephemeral creekline. Sparse open woodland. floodplain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Orange lumix 0395-0398 16:34pm Bill cam 5121-5124
Land unit: Bond Springs Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 800m to rocky hill Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 exploration track
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle –grazing & trampling
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 buffel grass Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: Spiky Acacia (Vachellia farnesiana)
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Bare soil (%): 30%, 10% Vegetation Litter (%): 60%, 10% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 0%, 30% Ground Vegetation (%): 10%, 50% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0 Rock / stone:5%, 75% Bare ground:95%, 25% Other sedimentary:
Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic
Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite
Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite
Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone
Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt
Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium
Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90
Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: Red to red-brown
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 80%, 20% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0, 0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 8, 2
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Eucalyputs cameldulensis, 1. Acacia estrophiolata 1. Cenchrus ciliaris Corymbia opaca Acacia estrophiolata Cenchrus ciliaris Eucalyputs cameldulensis 2. Corymbia opaca 2. Acacia sericophylla 2. Aristida holathera Vachellia farnesiana Acacia estrophilata Enneapogon polyphyllus 3. Acacia aneura, Acacia 3. Vachellia farnesiana 3. Indigofera georginea estrophiolata Atalaya hemiglauca Triodia pungens Corymbia opaca, Acacia aneura
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 8, layer: 5-15 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 As above
Upper shrub Acacia estrophiolata, Acacia 2.5, layer: sericophylla, Vachellia farnesiana <10 10-30 30-70 >70 4 As above
Lower shrub Indigofera georginea, Senna 0.5, layer: artemisioides ssp. oligophylla <10 10-30 30-70 >70 1-2 As above
Ground layer: Cenchrus ciliaris, Aristidea holathera 0.25, 0.5 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 As above
D
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Site photographs 2017 :
North East
South West
2018 : North East
South West
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Site Description J03: Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J03 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 07/09/2017 & 16/05/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlotte, Katie Mareike and Charlotte
Site description & location details: Steep rocky hill on north side of dam. Landform pattern: Steep hill
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Up-slope Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 2896-2899 Orange cam 0475-0478
Land unit: Sonder Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Dam 50-100m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 exploration track
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 buffel grass in Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: drainage lines
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Bare soil (%): 2%, 1% Vegetation Litter (%): 1%, 4% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 57%, 45% Ground Vegetation (%): 40%, 45% Sandstone/ Quartzite Conglomerate
Outcrop: 15%, 0% Rock / stone: 75%, 95% Bare ground:10%, 5% Other sedimentary:
Metamorphic
Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite
Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite/ sandstone
Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone
Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt
Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium
Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other:
Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Sedimentart
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other: Skeletal soils
Soil colour: Red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 60% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):1, 0 Max. ht. (m):0 Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 2, 0
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia monticola 1. Acacia spondylophylla 1. Triodia pungens Eremophila freelingii Acacia anuera 2. Acacia aneura 2. Eremophila latrobei 2. Fimbristylis dichotoma Senna helmsii Eucalyptus estrophilata 3. Atalaya hemiglauca 3. Indigofera georgei 3. Fimbristylis sp.
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree Acacia estrophiolata, Corymbia 6, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: aparrererinja, Atalaya hemiglauca. 5 As above
Upper shrub Acacia aneura, Eremophila latrobei, 4, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Indigofera georgei 1 Eremophila freelingii
Lower shrub Acacia spondylophylla, Sida fibulifera 0.5 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 0.5 Senna helmsii
Ground layer: Triodia pungens, Fimbristylis dichotoma, 0.3 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 Fimbristylis sp. 0.3 As above
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Site photographs 2017:
North East
South West
2018 North East
South West
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Site Description J03b : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J03b Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/09/2017 & 15/05/2018 Observer: Charlie, Bill & Katie Mareike and Charlotte
Site description & location details: Seepage wetland area below dam (former Landform pattern: slope creek bed).
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: low Photo ref. no.: Orange lumix 0402 – 0405 Bills cam 5101-5104
Land unit: Sonder Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 50m dam and rocky Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4- station track range
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5- couch & buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: man-made dam grass
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Bare soil (%): 5%, 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 1%, <2% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 2%, <5% Ground Vegetation (%): 93%, 73% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop:0% Rock / stone:5% Bare ground:25 % Other sedimentary:
Metamorphic Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite - heavy Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90
Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Sedimentary
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: Red- black –Acid soils present
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:4-5
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%):10%, 2% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.): 0, 0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 10, 6
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Open –forest Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Woodland Open-woodland (riparian)
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1.Eucalyptus camaldulensis 1. Carissa lanceolate 1. Cynodon dactylon Eucalyptus camaldulensis Carissa lanceolata Cynodon dactylon 2. Corymbia aparrerinja 2. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 2.Cenchrus ciliaris
3. Atalaya hemiglauca 3. 3. Typha domingensis (heavily grazed)
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 12 – 15, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10
Upper shrub As above 1, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Carissa lanceolata 7
Lower shrub <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Ground layer: As above 0.3, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 Cynodon dactylon 0.8
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Site Photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018 : North East
South West
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Site Description J04 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J04 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/09/2017, 15/05/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlotte, Katie Charlotte and Mareike
Site description & location details: Undulating plain, low hills in south east of Landform pattern: Undulating EL plain, low hills
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Up-slope Photo ref. no.: Camo lumux cam 13:32pm Orange cam 470-474
Land unit: Bond springs Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Rocky slope, a few Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 exploration track km east
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 buffel grass Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 20%, 10% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 10% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 20%, 40% Ground Vegetation (%): 5%, 40% Sandstone/ Quartzite Conglomerate Outcrop: 40%, 30% Rock / stone:30%, 60% Bare ground:30%, 10% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Metamorphic
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other: Soil colour: Red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 60%, 20% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):1, 2 Max. ht. (m):0, 1 Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 2, 0
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia aneura 1. Acacia aneura 1. Enneapogon polyphyllus Acacia aneura Enneapogon polyphyllus Acacia aneura 2. Corymbia opaca 2. Senna artemesioides ssp. 2. Fimbristylis dichotoma Corymbia opaca helmsii Fimbristylis dichotoma Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii 3. Atalaya hemiglauca 3. Senna artemesioides ssp. sturtii 3. Aristida holathera Atalaya hemiglauca Senna artemesioides ssp. sturtii Aristida holathera
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree Acacia aneura,Corymbia opaca, Atalaya 6, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: hemiglauca 6
As above
Upper shrub Acacia aneura 4, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Acacia aneura 4
Lower shrub Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii, Senna 0.5, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: artemesioides ssp. sturtii 1
Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii, Senna artemesioides ssp. sturtii
Ground layer: Enneapogon polyphyllus, Fimbristylis 0.3, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 dichotoma, Aristida holathera 0.1
As above
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Site photographs:
North East
South West
2018 :
North East
South West
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Site Description J05a : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J05a Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/09/2017 & 15/05/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlotte, Katie Mareike and Charlotte
Site description & location details: Rocky slope in southern area of lease Landform pattern: Slope (upper slope).
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Up-slope Photo ref. no.: Camo lumux cam 11:45am 17-20
Orange camera 0458-0461
Land unit: Bond springs Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Lower foothill 100m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 exploration track
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 buffel grass Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: Mining exploration
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Bare soil (%): 5%, 10% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 10% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 25%, 30% Ground Vegetation (%): 60%, 50% Sandstone/ Quartzite Conglomerate Outcrop: 5%, 10% Rock / stone: 94%, 50% Bare ground: 1%, 40% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Metamorphic
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other: Skeletal soils – still developing
Soil colour: Red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 60%, 60% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.): 2, 0 Max. ht. (m):0 Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 2, 1
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia aneura 1. Acacia aneura 1. Enneapogon polyphyllus Acacia aneura Acacia aneura Enneapogon polyphyllus 2. Corymbia opaca 2. Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii 2. Aristida holathera Corymbia opaca Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii Aristida holathera 3. Atalaya hemiglauca 3. Senna artemesioides ssp. sturtii 3. Fimbristylis dichotoma Senna artemesioides ssp. sturtii Fimbristylis dichotoma Atalaya hemiglauca
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree Acacia aneura,Corymbia opaca, Atalaya 10, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: hemiglauca 10
Acacia aneura,Corymbia opaca, Atalaya hemiglauca
Upper shrub Acacia aneura 6, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Acacia aneura 6
Lower shrub Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii, Senna 1.5, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: artemesioides ssp. sturtii 1.5 Senna artemesioides ssp. helmsii, Senna artemesioides ssp. sturtii
Ground layer: Enneapogon polyphyllus, Fimbristylis 0.2, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 dichotoma, Aristida holathera 0.1
As above
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site photographs 2017: North: East:
South West:
2018 :
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J05b : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J05b Survey number; Jervois Sept 2017 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/07/2017 Observer: Bill, Charlie, Katie 15/05/2018 Charlotte and Mareike
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Lower footslope of range, south of lease Footslope
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Camo cam 13-16 10.25 &Bills cam 2847 – 2850
Orange cam 0466-0469
Land unit: Bond springs Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Valley 100m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Exploration tk
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat 4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: Mining exploration
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Bare soil (%): 10%, 5% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 15% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 20%, 30% Ground Vegetation (%): 60%, 50% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0 %, 5% Rock / stone:60%, 85% Bare ground: 40%, 50% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite - lots present Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90
Lithology: Metamorphic
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: Red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%):80%, 10% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.): 0, 2 Max. ht. (m): 0.50 Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 0, 2
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lowerstorey 1. Acacia anerua 1. Acacia sibirica 1. Enneapogon polyphyllus Acacia anerua Acacia sibirica Enneapogon polyphyllus 2. Corymbia opaca 2. Senna artimisiodes ssp. sturtii 2. Aristida holothera Corymbia opaca Senna artimisiodes ssp. sturtii Aristida holothera 3. Atalaya hemiglauca 3. Senna artemisioides ssp. Alicia 3. Cenchrus ciliaris Atalaya hemiglauca Senna artemisioides ssp. alicia Fimbristylis dichotoma
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 8-10, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 10 As above
Upper shrub Acacia sibirica, Acacia aneura, 4-6 , <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: eremophila latrobei 4-6
As above
Lower shrub Senna spp., Acacia sibirica 2, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 2 As above
Ground layer: As above 0.3, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 0.3 As above
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site photographs 2017:
North East
South West
2018
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J06 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J06 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/09/2017 & 15/05/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlie, Katie Xavier
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Undulating plain – northern lease boundary Undulating plain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Camo lumix 9-12 8.06am Bills cam 5135-5138
Land unit: Bond Springs 4 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Hills 200m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 station track
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat 5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Localised buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: Mining exploration – drainage lines & raod
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Bare soil (%): 35%, 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 10% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 2%, 10% Ground Vegetation (%): 55%, 60% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0%, 0% Rock / stone: 0%, 10% Bare ground: 90% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90
Lithology: Metamorphic
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%):70%, 20% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat:8, 5
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia estrophiolata 1. Acacia aneura 1.Aristida holothera Acacia estrophiolata Acacia aneura Aristida holothera 2. Acacia georginea 2. Acacia estrophiolata 2. Cenchrus ciliaris Acacia georginea Carissa spinarum Cenchrus ciliaris 3. Corymbia opaca 3.Senna artemisiodes sspp Alicia, 3.Enneapogon polyphyllus Corymbia opaca sturtii, filifolia Enneapogon polyphyllus Senna artemisiodes sspp Alicia, sturtii,
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 10, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 10-15 As above
Upper shrub Acacia aneura 3, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 3 As above
Lower shrub Acacia estrophiolata, Carissa lanceolata, 2, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: senna artemisiodes subsp. 1
As above
Ground layer: As above 0.2, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 0.1 As above
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J07 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J07 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 06/09/2017 & 15/05/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlie, Katie Charlotte and Mareike
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Rocky slope. Rockface prospect Slope
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid-high Photo ref. no.: Camo cam 23-26 13.32pm orange cam 0453-0456
Land unit: Bs2 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: flats 150m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4- Exploration trk
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat 5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5- cattle Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5- Buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Bare soil (%): 5%, 5% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 10% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 45%, 45% Ground Vegetation (%): 40%, 40% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop:30%, 30% Rock / stone:76%, 60% Bare ground:2%, 10% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red skeletal soil
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 5%, 5% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0, 0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat:3, 0
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1.Acacia aneura 1. Acacia aneura 1. Enneapogon polyphyllus Acacia aneura Acacia aneura Enneapogon polyphyllus 2. Corymbia opaca 2. Senna artemisiodoes subsp. 2. Cleome viscoa Corymbia opaca Hemlsii
Senna artemisiodoes subsp. hemlsii 3. Atalaya hemiglauca 3. 3. Eragostis eriopoda Atalaya hemiglauca
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 8 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 8 As above
Upper shrub Acacia aneura 5 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 5 Acacia aneura
Lower shrub Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii 1 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 1 Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii
Ground layer: As above 0.2 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 0.2 As above
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site photographs 2017:
North East
South West
2018 :
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J08 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J08 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 7/09/2017 & 15/03/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlie, Katie Bill and Mareike
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
North bank of old tailings dam Undulating plain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 2892-2895
Land unit: Bs2 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 500m hills Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 station trk
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5- cattle Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5- buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: historical mining- tails dam 1970’s
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Bare soil (%): 40%, 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 50%, 25% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 0%, 5% Ground Vegetation (%): 10%, 50% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0 %, 0% Rock / stone: 50 %, 30% Bare ground:50%, 50% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: grey skeletal
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: 7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%):40%, 25% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0, 0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 0, 0
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1.Acacia anerua 1.Acacia sibirica 1. Enneapogon polyphyllus Corymbia opaca Acacia sibirica Enneapogon polyphyllus 2.Corymbia opaca 2. Acacia victoriae 2.Aristida holothera Acacia anuera Hakea macrocarpa Aristida holothera 3. 3. Vachellia farnesiana 3.Cenchrus ciliaris Cenchrus ciliaris
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 8, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Corymbia opaca 5
Upper shrub As above 4, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Acacia sibirica 4
Lower shrub Senna artemisiodes subsp. 1, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii 1.5
Ground layer: As above 0.2, <10 10-30 30-70 >70 As above 6
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Site photographs North East
South West
2018
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J09 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J09 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 07/09/2017 & 16/05/2018 Observer: Bill and Charlotte
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Northern side of Dam Wetland
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Low Photo ref. no.: Orange lumix 0345- 0358
Land unit: So5 Run: on off plain lake Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+ and swamp
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 500m ranges Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 none
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Heavily trampled by cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: flooding
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Bare soil (%): 10%, 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 15%, 20% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 1 %, 0% Ground Vegetation (%): 75%, 60% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0%, 0% Rock / stone: 1%, 0% Bare ground: 99%, 100% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other: Sandy clay
Soil colour: grey-black
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:6
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 80%, 40% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0, 0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat:50-100, 25
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 1. Eucalyptus camaldulensis juv. 1.Bergia perennis Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus camaldulensis juv. Centipedia minima 2. 2. 2. Centipedia minima Abutilon fraseri 3. 3. 3. Rhodanthe teitkensii
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 15 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: As above 10
Upper shrub Eucalyptus camaldulensis juv. 1 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Lower shrub Eucalyptus camaldulensis juv. 0.2 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Eucalyptus camaldulensis juv. 1
Ground layer: As above 0.15 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 Centipedia minima 0.5
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018:
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J10 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J10 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 07/09/2017 & 16/05/2018 Observer: Bill and Charlotte
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
North reward. Rocky hill Rocky hill
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: Mid GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid slope Photo ref. no.: Bills Cam 2933-2936
Orange cam 0484-0487
Land unit: Bs2 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 500m valley Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Exploration track
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: Mining –old mill. Trenches & debris
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Bare soil (%): 20 %, 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 25% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 2%, 10% Ground Vegetation (%): 28%, 45% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 2%, 0% Rock / stone:93%, 70% Bare ground:5%, 30% Other sedimentary:
Metamorphic Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90
Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: Red skeletal soils
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface: >7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 20% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.): Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 5, 1
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia aneura 1. Acacia aneura 1. Eragrostis eriopoda Corymbia opaca Acacia kemp Eragrostis eriopoda 2. Corymbia opaca 2. Senna artemisiodes subsp. 2. Enneapogon polyphyllus helmsii Enneapogon polyphyllus Senna artemisiodes subsp. sturtii 3. 3. Eremophila latrobei 3. Solanum quadroloculatum Fimbristylis dichotoma
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 4 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Corymbia opaca 5
Upper shrub Acacia aneura 2 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 4 Acacia kempeana
Lower shrub Solanum quadroloculatum, dissocarpus 0.4 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: paradoxus, Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii 0.5 Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii
Ground layer: Eragrostis eriopoda, Enneapogon 0.25 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 polyphyllus, 0.08 Enneapogon polyphyllus
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018:
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J11 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J11 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 07/09/2017 & 16/05/2018 Observer: Bill Charlotte and Mareike
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Unca Creek, near old campside Ephemeral creek
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 2945-2948
Land unit: Bs5 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 10m alluvial plain Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 exploration trk
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe: building infrastructure from mining
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Bare soil (%): 30%, 5% Vegetation Litter (%): 20%, 5% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 20%, 45% Ground Vegetation (%): 30%, 45% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0 %, 0% Rock / stone:60%, 95% Bare ground:40%, 5% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Metmorphic
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:6
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 25% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0, 0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 3, 2
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 1. Vachellia farnesiana 1.Cenchris ciliaris Eucalyptus camaldulensis Cenchris ciliaris 2. Acacia estrophilata 2. Carissa lanceolata 2. Themada triandra Indigofera sp. 3. 3. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 3. Eulalia aurea
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 10-12 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 8 As above
Upper shrub - 2 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: -
Lower shrub As above <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: -
Ground layer: As above 0.3 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 0.3 As above
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018:
North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J12 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J12 Survey number; Jervois Sept 2017 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 07/09/2017 Observer:
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Open woodland west of KGL camp. Proposed tailings dam Plain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Plain Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 2949-2952
Land unit: Bs4 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 500m ranges Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Bare soil (%): 10% Vegetation Litter (%): 20% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 0 % Ground Vegetation (%): 70% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0% Rock / stone:1% Bare ground:100% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 30% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat:0
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Corymbia opace 1. Eucalyptus camaldulensis juv. 1.Enneapogon polyphyllus
2. Acacia estrophiolata 2. Senna artemisiodes subsp. alicia 2. Dissocarpus paradoxus
3.Hakea macrocarpa 3. Senna artemisiodes subsp. 3. Cenchrus ciliaris helmsii
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree Corymbia opaca, Acacia estrophiolata 15 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Upper shrub Hakea macrocarpa, Acacia 3 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: estrophiolata
Lower shrub Senna artemisiodes subsp. Alicia, Senna 1.2 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: artemisiodes subsp. helmsii
Ground layer: As above .3 <10 10-30 30-70 >70
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report
Site Description J13 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J13 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 08/09/2017 & 17/05/2018 Observer: Bill, Charlie, Katie Xavier and Charlotte
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Gidgee patch on Lucky Ck Access Road Gently sloping plain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 2975-2979
Land unit: Bs4 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Hills 800m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Lucy Ck Access Rd
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Buffel Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 40%, 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 5% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 0%, 0% Ground Vegetation (%): 50%, 60% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0%, 0% Rock / stone:1%, 30% Bare ground:100%, 60% Other sedimentary:
Metamorphic Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90
Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology:
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red – sand overlying calcareous soil
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 60%, 30% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat:4, 20
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia georginea 1. Acacia georginea 1. Cenchrus ciliaris Acacia georginea Senna artemisiodes subsp. sturtii Cenchrus ciliaris 2. Hakea macrocarpa 2. Senna artemisiodes subsp. alicia 2. Dissocarpus paradoxus Dissocarpus paradoxus 3.Corymbia opaca 3. Eremophila cordatisepala 3. Fimbristylus dichotoma Fimbristylus dichotoma
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 8 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 6 As above
Upper shrub Acacia georginea 2 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Eremophila cordatisepala, Dissocarpus Lower shrub 0.5 paradoxus <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 1 Senna artemisiodes subsp. sturtii
Ground layer: As above 0.3 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 0.1 As above
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018 :
North East
South West
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Site Description J14 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J14 Survey number; 2017 & 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 08/09/2017 & 17/05/2018 Observer: Bill Charlotte
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Stony hils on western side of Lucky Ck Access Road, in south of lease Low hills
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 2972-2975 Orange camera 0504-5051
Land unit: Uc3 Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: Plain 500m Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Lucy Ck Access Rd
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat 5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 20%, 5% Vegetation Litter (%): 10%, 1% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 15%, 0% Ground Vegetation (%): 55%, 95% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop::20%, 0% Rock / stone:15%, 0% Bare ground:60%, 100% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Schist
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red skeletal
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 70%, 10% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat:0, 1
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Acacia estrophiolata 1. Acacia kempeana 1. Enneapogon polyphyllus Acacia estrophiolata Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii Cenchrus ciliaris 2. Atalaya hemigaluca 2. Senna artemisiodes subsp. 2. Aristida holothera Corymbia aparrerinja helmsii Fimbristylus dichotoma Senna artemisiodes subsp. alicia 3.Corymbia opaca 3. Senna artemisiodes subsp. alicia 3. Fimbristylus dichotoma Corymbia opaca Cleome viscosa
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree As above 10 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 8 Acacia estrophiolata
Upper shrub Acacia kempeana, Acacia aneura 7 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: 3 Acacia estrophiolata Senna artemisiodes subsp. Helmsii, Lower shrub 2 Senna artemisiodes subsp. alicia <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Senna artemisiodes subsp. Helmsii, 1 Senna artemisiodes subsp. alicia
Ground layer: As above 20 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 0.5 Cenchrus ciliaris
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Site photographs 2017: North East
South West
2018:
North East
South West
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Site Description J15 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J14 Survey number; 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 15/05/2018 Observer: Xavier
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
Two kms south of future tailings dam facility Sloping plain
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: Mid Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 5113-5116
Land unit: BS Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 1km Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Mining road
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 20% Vegetation Litter (%): 30% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 0% Ground Vegetation (%): 50% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 0% Rock / stone: 0% Bare ground: 100% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Schist
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red brown
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 40% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 4
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Corymbia opaca 1. Vachellia farnesiana 1. Cenchrus ciliaris
2. Acacia estrophilata 2. Acacia estrophilata 2. Sclerolaena bicornis
3. Acacia anuera 3. Hakea macrocarpa 3. Senna artemisiodes subsp. sturtii
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree Corymbia opaca 8- 12 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Upper shrub Acacia estrophilata 2-4 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Hakea macrocarpa Senna artemisiodes subsp. sturtii Lower shrub 0.5-1 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Ground layer: Cenchrus ciliaris 0.20 <10 10-30 30-70 >70
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Site photographs 2018: North East
South West
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Site Description J16 : Habitat and vegetation attributes. (Taken from Neave et al. (2004)).
Site No.: J14 Survey number; 2018 Quad. size: 30x30 50x50 other:
Date: 16/05/2018 Observer: Xavier, Bill, Mareike, Charlotte
Site description & location details: Landform pattern:
East of camp, potential rock lay area, south of open mine Low-hills
Zone: GPS AMG: E N Datum:
Precision: GPS elevation:
Topographic position: High Photo ref. no.: Bills cam 5171-5174
Land unit: BS Run: on off plain Patch size (ha): <1 1-5 5-50 50-500 500+
Edge: ecotone or closest distance: 1km Road Type in Vicinity: 1 2 3 4 Mining road
Perm. Water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km Curr. water: 0 <50m 50-500m 0.5-5km >5km
Climate: 1 = Dry, plant stress 2 = Dry, no plant stress 3 = Recent rain, no vegetation response
4 = Recent rain, noticeable vegetation response
Disturbance: 0 = no visible impact
1 = disturbance present but negligible impact
2 = low level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or moderate level in patches in the quadrat
3 = moderate level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or high level in patches in the quadrat
4 = high level of disturbance throughout quadrat, or major level in patches in the quadrat
5 = major impact affecting all of quadrat
Fire impact: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Last fire: this year last year 2+ years ago long unburnt
Rabbit damage: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Introduced herbivores: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Camels: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Cattle
Weeds: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Other: 0 1 2 3 4 5 describe:
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Bare soil (%): 15% Vegetation Litter (%): 15% Rock type
Rock cover (%): 10% Ground Vegetation (%): 60% Sandstone Conglomerate Outcrop: 5% Rock / stone: 55% Bare ground: 40% Other sedimentary: Pebbles (<0.6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Metamorphic Small stones (0.6-2cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Granite Stones (2-6cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Quartzite Small rocks (6-20cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Limestone Rocks (20-60cm): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Basalt Big rocks (60cm-2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Colluvium Boulders (>2m): 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Other: Outcrop / slab: 0 <2 2-10 10-20 20-50 50-70 70-90 >90 Lithology: Schist
Soil texture: sand sandy loam loam loamy clay clay loam clay cracking clay peat rock other:
Soil colour: red brown
Soil depth (cm): 0 <10 10-40 >40 Soil pH - surface:7
Soil crust, termites, log habitat and vegetation strata structure
Crust present: no black green clear Crust cover (%): 60% Crust pH:
Termite mounds (no.):0 Max. ht. (m): Profile: tower dome underground
Number of fallen logs >15cm diameter in the quadrat: 6
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Vegetation community: Percentage foliage cover of tallest plant layer (Circle one)
Life form and height Dense Mid-dense Sparse Very sparse of tallest stratum (70-100%) (30-70%) (10-30%) (<10%)
Trees > 30 m Tall closed-forest Tall open-forest Tall woodland Tall open-woodland
Trees 10-30 m Closed-forest Open -forest Woodland Open-woodland
Trees 5-10 m Low closed-forest Low open-forest Low woodland Low open-woodland
Shrubs 2-8 m Closed -scrub Open-scrub Tall shrubland Tall open-shrubland
Shrubs 0-2 m Closed -heath Open-heath Low shrubland Low open-shrubland
Three most dominant species: Overstorey Midstorey Lower storey 1. Corymbia opaca 1. Acacia kempeana 1. Cenchrus ciliaris
2. Acacia anuera 2. Hakea macrocarpa 2. Sclerolaena cornishiana
3. 3. Senna artemisiodes subsp. 3. Eragostis eriopoda helmsii
Dominant species Cover (%) of strata Strata Average ht. (m) (record in order of dominance) of strata (% cover classes)
Emergent tree Corymbia opaca 8 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Upper shrub Acacia kempeana 5 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer: Senna artemisiodes subsp. helmsii Lower shrub 1 <10 10-30 30-70 >70 layer:
Ground layer: As above 0.1 <10 10-30 30-70 >70
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Site photographs 2018: North East
South West
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Appendix 7 Echolocation call identification report by Dennis Matthews for calls recorded during the Sept 2017 on-ground survey
Echolocation call identification report
Client: Bill Low Ecological Services Contact: Katie Degnian Date: 7/09/2017 Project: Unca Creek
Important information about the call identifications presented in this report.
Echolocation call analysis is complex and many species cannot be identified by call alone. It is highly recommended for most surveys that echolocation call recording be accompanied by trapping.
Call analysis is affected by many factors, these include the suite of species present, the quality of calls recorded (equipment settings, microphone quality, background noise from wind, insects, echoes), the quality of the reference call database for the region and the experience of the analyst.
The time taken to identify calls depends on the above and the needs of the client. Deriving a simple species inventory for each detector night is much quicker than attempting to identify every call for each detector night. In many projects, a very low proportion of all calls recorded may be of sufficient quality to allow identification. It is a sign of the competence of the analyst to reject calls based on poor quality.
The identifications in this report are based on a combination of manual and automated methods using either reference calls from the region or from species calls recorded outside the region if they are likely to represent the calls from species in the survey region. Any doubt on species’ identifications is always explained.
Species identified per night is at a very high standard and is only identified if I am sure that a species occurs in the recordings for that night. This data in no way represents abundance of
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report species per night. The bat detector microphone will record a bat file when it is loud enough to trigger the electronics. The volume of space sampled by the microphone varies, due to loudness of the call, frequency of the call, temperature and humidity. Additionally one bat may feed around a detector many times or not. Additionally the detection of Anabat detectors varies between detectors due to the sensitivity setting. There is NO abundance data from a Anabat Detector.
This report includes the recommendations set out in the reporting standards for echolocation call analysis developed by the Australasian Bat Society.
Dennis Matthews – [email protected] - 0885621666
Data Species expected to be present in the greater area of Unca Creek Austronomus australis Chalinolobus gouldii Chalinolobus morio Nyctophilus geoffroyi Ozimops petersi (Mormopterus sp3) Ozimops eleryi (Mormopterus sp6) Saccolaimus flaviventris Scotorepens balstoni Scotorepens greyii Vespadelus baverstocki Vespadelus finlaysoni
Species present in the Anabat files Chalinolobus gouldii (Gould’s wattled bat) Chalinolobus morio (chocolate wattled bat) Saccolaimus flaviventris (yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat) Scotorepens greyii (little broad-nosed bat) Vespadelus finlaysoni (Finlayson’s cave bat)
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report Discussion There were about 57 Anabat files in the data set, converted from 85 wave files. No numbers are provided for such a low number of files. Chalinolobus gouldii dominated the calls followed by Vespadelus finlaysoni. There were 2 calls of Saccolaimus flaviventris that were very distinct in the converted Anabat files – these were not so obvious in the Wave files.
Example calls from the survey for each species recorded. Chalinolobus gouldii
Chalinolobus morio
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Scotorepens greyii
Saccolaimus flaviventris
Vespadelus finlaysoni
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report Echolocation call identification report Client: Bill Low Ecological Services
Contact: Charlotte Klempin Date: 23/05/2018 Project: Jervois
Important information about the call identifications presented in this report.
Echolocation call analysis is complex and many species cannot be identified by call alone. It is highly recommended for most surveys that echolocation call recording be accompanied by trapping.
Call analysis is affected by many factors, these include the suite of species present, the quality of calls recorded (equipment settings, microphone quality, background noise from wind, insects, echoes), the quality of the reference call database for the region and the experience of the analyst.
The time taken to identify calls depends on the above and the needs of the client. Deriving a simple species inventory for each detector night is much quicker than attempting to identify every call for each detector night. In many projects, a very low proportion of all calls recorded may be of sufficient quality to allow identification. It is a sign of the competence of the analyst to reject calls based on poor quality.
The identifications in this report are based on a combination of manual and automated methods using either reference calls from the region or from species calls recorded outside the region if they are likely to represent the calls from species in the survey region. Any doubt on species’ identifications is always explained.
Species identified per night is at a very high standard and is only identified if I am sure that a species occurs in the recordings for that night. This data in no way represents abundance of species per night. The bat detector microphone will record a bat file when it is loud enough to trigger the electronics. The volume of space sampled by the microphone varies, due to
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report loudness of the call, frequency of the call, temperature and humidity. Additionally one bat may feed around a detector many times or not. Additionally the detection of Anabat detectors varies between detectors due to the sensitivity setting. There is NO abundance data from a Anabat Detector.
This report includes the recommendations set out in the reporting standards for echolocation call analysis developed by the Australasian Bat Society.
Dennis Matthews – [email protected] - 0885621666 Data Species expected to be present in the greater area of Jervois area Austronomus australis Chalinolobus gouldii Chalinolobus morio Nyctophilus geoffroyi Ozimops petersi (Mormopterus sp3) Ozimops eleryi (Mormopterus sp6) Saccolaimus flaviventris Scotorepens balstoni Scotorepens greyii Vespadelus baverstocki Vespadelus finlaysoni
Species present in the Anabat files 14/5/2018 Austronomus australis Chalinolobus gouldii Chalinolobus morio Nyctophilus geoffroyi Scotorepens greyii Vespadelus finlaysoni
And Possibly Ozimops eleryi
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KGL Resources – EL25429 Jervois Base Metal Project EIS Flora and Fauna Survey combined September 2017 and May 2018 Report Discussion There were 977 Anabat files in the data set, converted from 355 wave files. Chalinolobus morio and Scotorepens greyii dominated the calls.
There were a number calls that has a high probability of being Ozimops eleryi, this is a species I do not have reference files for but the CF (Characteristic frequency) is correct. Its call is normally more “hooked” shape (and some were) but there is no other species in Central Australia that has a typical Ozimops shape above 35 Khz. I can think of no other species it could be.
Example calls from the survey for each species recorded. Chalinolobus gouldii
Chalinolobus morio
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Scotorepens greyii
Vespadelus finlaysoni
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Nyctophilus geoffroyi
Austronomus australis
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Ozimops eleryi – most loikely
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Appendix 8 Qualifications and experience of LES staff and other personnel involved in the field surveys and report preparation
Specialists Qualifications
Dr Bill Low Director and Senior Environmental Consultant at Low PhD, Zoology, Wildlife Biology Ecological Services P/L. Bill worked 11 years as a and Ecology Research Officer with CSIRO in Alice Springs and has University of British Columbia, over 39 years of consulting experience in Central Vancouver, Canada, 1970 Australia. He has written numerous scientific publications, technical reports, book chapters and Bachelor of Science (Honours) conference papers. Zoology, Botany University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 1962
Lauren Young Senior Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological PhD candidate Services. Experienced in flora and fauna surveys and University of Sydney and CSIRO research, report preparation, preparation of EMPs, NOIs Land and Water, Alice Springs, and Biodiversity Impact Assessment Reports, audit of 2013 to present environmental impacts against Management Plans for pipelines and petroleum exploration, GIS data Bachelor of Science (Honours) interrogation and map preparation, and small mammal Charles Darwin University, Alice ecology and distribution. Currently 80 % finished PhD at Springs, 2011 University Sydney on refuge ecology of the threatened plains mouse, Pseudomys australis. Bachelor of Conservation Biology and Ecology La Trobe University, Sydney 2009
Jeremy Senior Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological Bachelor of Civil and Snowdon-James Services. Experienced in site contamination Environmental Engineering assessments, environmental risk identification and University of New South Wales, management, water and soil sampling and analysis, Sydney, 2007 fauna and flora surveys and data analysis, flora and fauna identification, Erosion Sediment and Control Planning (ESCP), report preparation, drinking and waste water sample collection, GIS and map preparation.
Katie Degnian Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological Services. Masters in Environmental Experienced in flora and fauna surveys and data Management analysis, flora and fauna identification, report Charles Darwin University, preparation and approvals applications, Current Land Suitability Assessment, reporting and GIS mapping. Bachelor of Environmental Science Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2012
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Charlotte Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological Services. Bachelor of Science (Wildlife Klempin Experienced in flora and fauna surveying, feral cat and Conservation Biology) management with traditional owners, rabbit control, La Trobe University, cross-cultural engagement and collaboration, logistics Melbourne, 2013 and project coordination, report preparation and data entry.
Des Nelson Expert in plant identification with over 60 years of Retired Botanist with 60 years’ experience working mainly in Central Australia. Des experience in central Australia worked for the CSIRO in the Division of Entomology and the Research Chemistry Laboratory and later Rangelands Research Unit. Des was the assistant to George Chippendale the founder of the Alice Springs Herbarium and later became the Acting NT Botanist. Des Nelson volunteers his time to aid in plant identification for Low Ecological Services and “to keep his eye in” and keep in touch.
Dennis Renowned bat expert Dennis Matthews was appointed Senior Park Ranger Matthews as Senior Ranger at Finke Gorge National Park. Finke Gorge National Park, Throughout his time as Senior Ranger he successfully 1990–2001 removed feral horses from the area, implemented the use of GIS software for monitoring the quality and Specialist in Anabat recording distribution of plants, developed the concept of and live trap identification of strategic controlled burning to minimise the risk of loss bats of endangered species from high intensity fires. He also developed an electronic library of the calls of bat species in the arid region enabling the identification of bats without the use of trapping.
Jesse Carpenter Previous Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Services and Land for Wildlife coordinator. Experienced University of Adelaide 2003 in fauna and flora surveys and data analysis, flora and fauna identification, feral cat management, rabbit control, cross-cultural engagement and collaboration, logistics and project coordination, report preparation and data entry, Erosion Sediment and Control Planning (ESCP), report preparation, site contamination assessments, environmental risk identification and management, water and soil sampling and analysis, GIS and map preparation.
Xavier Tingle Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological Services. Bachelor of Science (Wildlife Experienced in flora and fauna surveying. Xavier also has and Conservation Biology) experience completing mining audits and management La Trobe University, plans. Melbourne, 2014 Mareike Pohling Environmental Consultant at Low Ecological Services. Experienced in Geoengineering, water quality control and soil contamination.
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