DOCSLIB.ORG

Action Plan for Conservation of Plants in Cultivation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Action Plan for Conservation of Plants in Cultivation growing heritage | garden plants & conservation Action plan for conservation of plants in cultivation 1 Guide to terms and abbreviations ABS Access to Genetic Resources & Benefit Sharing. Herbarium Place of deposition of permanently preserved plant material for reference in naming plants and for AGM RHS Award of Garden Merit. research. BG-BASE is a database application designed to manage HTA The Horticultural Trades Association. information on biological (primarily botanical) collections. It is used by a wide variety of botanic gardens, arboreta, Hyperdiverse A group of plants (or any organisms) that show herbaria, zoos, universities etc. including the RHS. an unusually high level of speciation or differentiation into taxa. BGCI Botanic Gardens Conservation International. ICRA International Cultivar Registration Authority. BGEN Botanic Gardens Education Network. International Cultivar Register A list, as near complete as CBD Convention on Biological Diversity (1992: entered into possible, of all the named cultivars of a particular group of force 29th December 1993). plants with at least the date of introduction or CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered registration and the registrant, where known. The Register Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973). is the responsibility of an ICRA (q.v.). Clone A plant that is perpetuated solely by vegetative In situ [Of plant material] grown in the natural habitat within propagation so that all individuals are genetically identical. the country of origin. COTES Control of Trade in Endangered Species. IPEN International Plant Exchange Network. Cryopreservation Storage of plant genetic material in liquid IPR Intellectual Property Rights. nitrogen means it can be kept for decades without MTA Material Transfer Agreement. regrowing the plant. NCCPG The National Council for the Conservation of Plants Cryptic hybrid A hybrid sharing many of the morphological and Gardens. features of one parent, so that it is not readily recognised visually and often only detected using biochemical or Nomenclatural Standard A permanently preserved molecular methods. specimen or illustration, photograph or image, to which the name of a cultivar is attached and serves as an Cultivar A plant with one or more stable and distinctive authoritative reference to interpret that name. features or characteristics that has arisen in cultivation or has been selected from wild material and differs from the NT The National Trust. type. PBR Plant Breeders’ Rights. DEFRA UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural PIC Prior Informed Consent. Affairs. Portal An internet site that acts as an entrance to related Demeter software for recording plants in gardens developed websites so that a search for information can be carried by the NCCPG to help its National Plant Collection out without having to visit each of the websites holders to document information about their National separately. Plant Collections. RBGE Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Ex situ [Of plant material] grown or held somewhere other than the natural habitat within the country of origin. RBGK Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Genotype Part of the range of variation of a species or a Red Data Book A list of wild plants for a particular region or natural population characterised by a distinct and unique taxonomic group whose continued existence is genetic pattern. considered to be threatened, usually with an assessment of the degree of threat. Grex A group of hybrid cultivars, defined solely by parentage. Grex parents may be species or another grex. The term is RHS The Royal Horticultural Society. only now used for orchids. The plural is greges, but more SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest. usually in horticulture, grexes. Taxon A unit of classification (genus, species, variety &c.); GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. plural, taxa. Cosmos Preface atrosanguineus RHS Herbarium In 1978 the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) held a conference on the Practical Role of Gardens in the Conservation of Rare and Threatened Plants. Out of that conference was born the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), an organisation that has gone from strength to strength in the succeeding years. The work of the NCCPG, so much of which depends on the willing contributions of volunteers, has shown how much can be achieved and, indeed, the model has been adopted by other countries. The NCCPG and the RHS felt that it was an opportune moment to review these achievements and to set the agenda for the medium term. In April 2006, the two organisations held the Growing Heritage Conference, and in the course of which this Action Plan was agreed. However, in a world with ever increasing demands on people’s time and money, it William Thompson, the founder of could be asked why we should put resources into conserving ornamental Thompson and Morgan Seed Merchants, cultivated plants when there are so many other deserving causes. Moreover, is it first brought this tuberous rooted half- so critical to maintain plants, some of which have been surpassed by more recent hardy perennial to Britain in 1835. breeding and selection or lack the qualities that would make them first class Although it received an Award of plants for gardens today? The answer can be summed up in the word “Heritage”: Garden Merit from the RHS in 1938, and without such conservation efforts, accurate replanting of old gardens would not despite velvet maroon flowers with the be possible; nor could we go back to older genotypes to recover attributes – such distinctive chocolate perfume it as scent, disease resistance or a particular colour – that have been lost in disappeared from gardens. Living stock subsequent breeding programmes. And tastes in plants do change, as do fashions had been preserved at the Royal Botanic in gardening styles, often associated with an upsurge in interest in gardens and Gardens, Kew since the 1970s and during garden plants of the past. Heritage also means the wealth of cultural and historical the 1990s material was micropropagated connections that plants have with particular regions or communities that need to and cryogenically preserved. Until be recorded before they are lost. Finally, we must not overlook the need to recently Cosmos atrosanguineus was maintain a diversity of garden plants adapted to our climate and conditions, or to thought to be extinct in the wild and new conditions in a period of climate change, in the face of increasing uniformity Kew’s material was repatriated to Mexico found in plant centre “chain stores”. Each of these aspects contributes in a real to attempt reintroduction. However, the way to improving the quality of life for the ordinary gardener. present gene pool in cultivation only derives from one or two introductions The international and national context for plant conservation has changed and as cross-pollination is required to dramatically since the coming into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity produce viable seeds it was not certain (CBD) in 1993 and the tightening of regulations on the trade in endangered species whether the reintroduction programme (CITES). A failure to recognise this and respond constructively will lead to stricter would be successful. control of the movement of plant material as countries seek, quite understandably, to protect their resources and to gain benefits from them should those plants be All is not lost, though, since from New found to have a wider value. But gardeners, nurserymen and plant enthusiasts Zealand has come the first instance of a cannot easily call on the machinery of state to provide the support they need to self-fertile clone, registered for Plant continue the valuable flow of new plants into our gardens. Any solutions to Breeders Rights in New Zealand as ‘Pinot responsible and sustainable plant introduction must allow for this and provide the Noir’. Plants have also more recently means for all involved to meet these goals. Further, gardeners and horticulturists been rediscovered in the wild. have a vital role to play in the ex situ conservation of plants from around the world by growing and researching them. Not to put too fine a point on it: Cosmos is easily propagated by basal everyone from the large institutions to the individual gardener will benefit if the stem cuttings or dividing the tubers “good practices” that need to be encouraged and more widely adopted are and is now a very popular garden plant, achievable and supported by the horticultural community as a whole. currently listed in the RHS Plant Finder by 59 nurseries. This Action Plan sets out the factors that affect cultivated ornamental plant conservation, which are in many respects the same as those that affect plant conservation as a whole. The future of cultivated plant conservation depends Cosmos atrosanguineus, from a painting by upon all of us, through partnerships and collaboration, and cannot be carried Dorothy B Martin in 1938, part of the out by one organisation alone. painting collection of the RHS Herbarium 3 Contents OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 Knowledge Education OBJECTIVE 1 Make information about our Make people more aware of Knowledge 6 plants more accessible ... the importance of cultivated plants ... E Hagart-Alexander RHS Herbarium OBJECTIVE 2 Education 8 OBJECTIVE 3 Strategy 11 OBJECTIVE 4 Enhancing diversity 13 The rapid growth and increased There is no doubt that the general level sophistication of technology over the of awareness about the need to protect OBJECTIVE 5 past 20 years makes it possible to gather and conserve the world’s animals and Best practice 16 and connect information about garden plants has increased as the threat to the plants that was inconceivable in the planet due to the loss of biodiversity is past. We have the means now to spread better appreciated. Cultivated plants that knowledge and make it available to can become extinct too: sometimes wider and different audiences. The UK because better plants are developed has one of the most diverse garden but also because certain kinds of plants floras in the world: it is vital that we do go through phases of being more to document and record it before unfashionable.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Print This Article
    International Journal of Phytomedicine 6 (2014) 177-181 http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index Original Research Article ISSN: 0975-0185 The effect of Cyclamen coum extract on pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Zahra Ahmadbeigi1*, Azra Saboora1, Ahya Abdi-Ali1 *Corresponding author: Abs tract Researches have shown that some plants possess antimicrobial activity and the ability to overcome Zahra Ahmadbeigi drug-resistant pathogens. Their frequent used in treatment of microbial infections has been led to isolation of the active compounds and evaluation of their antimicrobial properties. Cyclamen coum Miller is one of these plants with a secondary metabolite called saponin which has antimicrobial 1Department of Biology, Faculty of activity. Pyocyanin is one of the virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Science, University of Alzahra, Tehran pathogen, causing lung diseases. The present study indicates the effect of cyclamen saponin 1993893973, Iran extracts on pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa. We prepared three different types of plant extracts (ethanolic, aqueous and butanolic) from tuber of C. coum. The effect of 0, 10 and 20 mg of cyclamen saponin were tested by agar disk diffusion technique. Pyocyanin purification was done from microbial broth culture and the extracted pyocyanin was measured by spectrophotometric method. Results showed that the production of pyocyanin was remarkably reduced by ethanolic extract of saponin. In addition increased saponin concentration led to further decrease in pyocyanin content. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Cyclamen coum; Pyocyanin; Antimicrobial activity es Bacterial cells communicate with each other through producing Introduction signaling factors named inducers. When bacterial cell density increases, the inducers bind to the receptors and alter the Extensive In vitro studies on plants used in traditional medicine expression of certain genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Hardy Cyclamen. Thomas Hood Wrote a Poem Which Neatly Sums up How Most of Us Feel About This Time of the Year
    Hardy Cyclamen. Thomas Hood wrote a poem which neatly sums up how most of us feel about this time of the year. It starts: ‘No sun - no moon! No morn -no noon! No dawn- no dusk! No proper time of day!’ The poem finishes: ‘No shade, no shine, no butterflies, no bees No fruits, no flowers, no leaves, no birds, November!’ Of course we have fruits and flowers at the moment and leaves too, they are hanging on late this year, but the glorious fire of Autumn leaves collapses into a soggy mush this month and many of the flowers that are left are the brave and pathetic last ditch attempts of summer flowering plants. Cyclamen hederifolium though, is still looking good after making its first appearance as early as August. This plant used to be called Cyclamen neapolitanum but is no longer known by that name. It is a little gem with ivy shaped leaves, hence the name ‘hederifolium’ which means ivy-leafed. The heart-shaped leaves differ enormously in shape and size; most of them are exquisitely marbled in grey or silver. Sometimes the leaves appear before the flowers, sometimes the flowers appear first, and sometimes they come together. The flowers have five reflex petals and they come in varying shades of pink with a deep v-shaped magenta blotch at the base. There is enormous variation in the shape and size of the flowers. Some of mine are as big as the florist’s cyclamen, Cyclamen persicum which of course is not hardy. The lovely white form is equally desirable.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Species Selected from the Analysis of 2004 EC Annual Report
    Review of species selected from the Analysis of 2005 EC Annual Report to CITES (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre May, 2008 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world‘s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision- makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre‘s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyclamen Purpurascens Mill.) TUBERS
    Advanced technologies 7(1) (2018) 05-10 BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND MINERAL COMPOSITON OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM WILD CYCLAMEN (Cyclamen purpurascens Mill.) TUBERS * Ljiljana Stanojević , Dragan Cvetković, Saša Savić, Sanja Petrović, Milorad Cakić (ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER) UDC 582.689.1:66.061.34:543.5 University of Niš, Faculty of Technology, Leskovac, Serbia doi:10.5937/savteh1801005S Wild cyclamen tubers (Cyclamen purpurascens Mill.) (Kukavica mountain, south- east Serbia) was used as an extraction material in this study. The aqueous extract has been obtained by reflux extraction at the boiling temperature with hydromodu- lus 1:20 m/v during 180 minutes. The identification of bioactive components in the Keywords: Wild cyclamen tubers, Aque- extract was performed by using UHPLC–DAD–HESI–MS analysis. The concentra- ous extract, UHPLC–DAD–HESI–MS tions of macro- and microelements in the extract were determined by Inductively analysis, Micro- and Macroelements. Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Isocyclamin and des- glucocyclamin I were identified in the obtained extract. Potassium was in the highest concentration - 10241.65 mg/kg of the plant material, while zinc was present in the highest concentration (11.57 mg/kg of plant material) among heavy metals. Pre- sented results have shown that the obtained extract from wild cyclamen tubers is a potential source of triterpenoide saponin components isocyclamin and desglucocy- clamin I, as well as macro- and microelements. Introduction Wild cyclamen (Cyclamen purpurascens Mill.; Syn. Cy- Besides the main bioactive components identification, clamen europaeum L.), or purple cyclamen, is a species macro- and microelements in the aqueous extract of wild in the Cyclamen genus of the Primulaceae family [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Cyclamen Persicum
    The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Bulletin de l'Association Botanique du Canada Vol. 53 Number 1, March/mars 2020 Highlights in this issue: 2020 CBA Annual Top Ornamental Plants: Meeting Cyclamen page 4 page 5 In this issue: President’s Message 3 2020 CBA Conference Update 4 Top Canadian Ornamental Plants. 25. Cyclamen 5 The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Bulletin de l’Association Botanique du Canada The CBA Bulletin is issued three times a year (March, Septem- Le Bulletin de I’ABC paraît trois fois par année, normalement en ber and December) and is freely available on the CBA website. mars, septembre et décembre. Il est envoyé à tous les membres Hardcopy subscriptions are available for a fee. de I’ABC. Information for Contributors Soumission de textes All members are welcome to submit texts in the form of pa- Tous les membres de I’Association sont invités à envoyer des pers, reviews, comments, essays, requests, or anything related textes de toute natureconcernant la botanique et les botanistes to botany or botanists. For detailed directives on text submis- (articles, revues de publication, commentaires,requêtes, essais, sion please contact the Editor (see below). For general informa- etc.). Tous les supports de texte sont acceptés. Pour des ren- tion about the CBA, go to the web site: www.cba-abc.ca seignements détaillés sur la soumission de textes, veuillez con- sulter le rédacteur (voir ci-dessous). Infos générales sur I’ABC à Editor l’url suivant: www.cba-abc.ca Dr. Tyler Smith K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Rédacteur Ottawa ON, K1A 0C6 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Enchanting Witch Hazels Enchanting Witch Hazels
    TheThe AmericanAmerican gardener ® gardener TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AmericanAmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety November / December 2012 enchantingenchanting WitchWitch HazelsHazels Solutions for Soggy Sites Nancy Goodwin: Southern Plantswoman Best Boxwood for Today’s Gardens Nancy Goodwin Noted writer, garden designer, and plantswoman Nancy Goodwin has created a masterful legacy at Montrose, her North Carolina home and garden. BY ANNE RAVER HEN NANCY and Craufurd worthy destination for traveling plant lov- was repeatedly used for nurseries that fol- Goodwin bought Mon- ers. For a time in the 1980s and ’90s, it lowed, including Heronswood. W trose, a historic estate in was also home to her mail-order nursery, Goodwin has come to be associated Hillsborough, North Carolina, more than which specialized in uncommon plants with hardy cyclamen, which she grows 35 years ago, it wasn’t just a matter of find- for discriminating gardeners. in great numbers at Montrose. She has ing a gracious 1890s house on 61 acres of “I put Nancy in a very rare league also introduced a number of stellar plants, rolling land with magnificent trees. “It was among the gardening community in North most notably Heuchera ‘Montrose Ruby’. the beginning of the greatest adventure of America,” says Dan Hinkley, co-founder “I think of Nancy every time I walk my life,” Goodwin, 77, wrote in her lyrical of the former Heronswood Nursery and past ‘Montrose Ruby’,” says Allen Bush. 2005 memoir, Montrose: Life in a Garden now a consultant for Monrovia nursery. “A A longtime horticulturist with Jelitto (see “Resources,” page 36). serious plantswoman and strict gardener, Perennial Seeds, Bush, who gardens in Renowned for her sense of color and smart but elegant, with the savvy and ener- Louisville, Kentucky, calls ‘Montrose Ru- design, as well as her extraordinary abil- gy to run a nursery—which, in the case of by’—a cross between ‘Palace Purple’ and ity to grow plants, Goodwin has turned Montrose, turned out to have been one of H.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Document
    Cyclamen Notes by Wilhelm (Bill) Bischoff Flowers of Atlantis? Page 2 Cyclamen Blooming Times Page 4 Cyclamen Species, Subspecies, Page 5 Forma, & Varieties in Alphabetical Order Cyclamen Descriptions Page 6 (photos referenced are not included) Wilhelm (Bill) Bischoff is available for lectures & garden tours for Cyclamen & Hardy Orchids 604-589-6134 wbischoff @ shaw.ca The Flowers of Atlantis? By Wilhelm (Bill) Bischoff / member BC Council of Garden Clubs If you can accept that the island called Santorini in the central Mediterranean, also known as Thira / Tera, is the original Island of Atlantis; if you also can agree that this Island had a terrific volcanic explosion more than 3,000 years ago, than I can share with you an equally fantastic botanical story with you. That today’s Thira is the remnant of an exploded volcano is quite evident when one looks at a map of this region of the Mediterranean. Located as part of the Aegean Islands, just north of Crete, it shows the unmistakable shape of a water filled volcanic caldera with a center-cone island. Scientists have identified volcanic ash taken from the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, close to the Lebanese coast, as originating from Thira. The time frame of some 3300 years ago also coincides with the beginning of a rather tumultuous time in this part of the ancient world, the end of the “Bronze Age”. The possible cause of that could well have been a natural disaster, in the very heart of the ancient world as we know it. Now that I have your attention and possibly have whetted your curiosity, let me introduce you to one of the small wonders of this very ancient world, the beautiful Cyclamen, all 22 species of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscaping Without Harmful Invasive Plants
    Landscaping without harmful invasive plants A guide to plants you can use in place of invasive non-natives Supported by: This guide, produced by the wild plant conservation Landscaping charity Plantlife and the Royal Horticultural Society, can help you choose plants that are without less likely to cause problems to the environment harmful should they escape from your planting area. Even the most careful land managers cannot invasive ensure that their plants do not escape and plants establish in nearby habitats (as berries and seeds may be carried away by birds or the wind), so we hope you will fi nd this helpful. A few popular landscaping plants can cause problems for you / your clients and the environment. These are known as invasive non-native plants. Although they comprise a small Under the Wildlife and Countryside minority of the 70,000 or so plant varieties available, the Act, it is an offence to plant, or cause to damage they can do is extensive and may be irreversible. grow in the wild, a number of invasive ©Trevor Renals ©Trevor non-native plants. Government also has powers to ban the sale of invasive Some invasive non-native plants might be plants. At the time of producing this straightforward for you (or your clients) to keep in booklet there were no sales bans, but check if you can tend to the planted area often, but it is worth checking on the websites An unsuspecting sheep fl ounders in a in the wider countryside, where such management river. Invasive Floating Pennywort can below to fi nd the latest legislation is not feasible, these plants can establish and cause cause water to appear as solid ground.
    [Show full text]
  • RHS Gardening in a Changing Climate Report
    Gardening in a Changing Climate Acknowledgements The RHS and University of Reading would like to acknowledge the support provided by Innovate UK through the short Knowledge Transfer Partnership KTP 1000769 from November 2012 to September 2013. The RHS is grateful to the Trustees of Spencer Horticultural Trust, who supported the project to revise the Gardening in the Global Greenhouse report. The RHS would also like to thank: The authors of the 2002 report, Richard Bisgrove and Professor Paul Hadley, for building the foundations for this updated report. The contributors of this report: Dr John David (RHS), Dr Ross Cameron (University of Sheffield), Dr Alastair Culham (University of Reading), Kathy Maskell (Walker Institute, University of Reading) and Dr Claudia Bernardini (KTP Research Associate). Dr Mark McCarthy (Met Office) and Professor Tim Sparks (Coventry University) for their expert consultation on the climate projections and phenology chapters, respectively. This document is available to download as a free PDF at: Gardening in a www.rhs.org.uk/climate-change Citation Changing Climate Webster E, Cameron RWF and Culham A (2017) Gardening in a Changing Climate, Royal Horticultural Society, UK. Eleanor Webster, About the authors Ross Cameron and Dr Eleanor Webster is a Climate Scientist at the Royal Horticultural Alastair Culham Society Dr Ross Cameron is a Senior Lecturer in Landscape Management, Ecology & Design at the University of Sheffield Dr Alastair Culham is an Associate Professor of Botany at the University of Reading Gardening in a Changing Climate RHS 2 3 Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 3.4 The UK’s variable weather and its implications for projections of future climate .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Spring Distribution
    2020 Spring Distribution The staff, Board, and volunteers of the Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden (RSBG) are pleased to present our latest selection of Rhododendron species and companion plants. We provide the finest and largest selection of documented and verified as true to name clones of Rhododendron species in North America. We also offer a large selection of species grown from seed, the majority of these from wild populations. Seedlings provide an exciting opportunity to acquire taxa new to cultivation. They also provide the collector with the opportunity to grow those desirable species not readily produced through asexual propagation. Our ever-expanding collection of non-rhododendrons or “companion plants” provides the opportunity to acquire an outstanding range of rare and hard to find treasures selected from around the world. Your purchases directly fund the mission of the RSF. In addition to your own selections, don’t forget your neighbors, relatives, and friends - our plants make great and unusual gifts. RSF plants also make great door prizes and auction items at American Rhododendron Society and other garden club meetings. We hope you enjoy the catalog and are happy with the plants you receive. Thank you for your support! Steve Hootman Executive Director & Curator HOW TO ORDER PLANTS: Mail Orders: Please mail your order to RSF, P. O. Box 3798, Federal Way, Washington 98063-3798 USA Fax Orders: You may also fax your order to 253-838-4686 E-mail Orders: You may submit your order via [email protected] but please do not e-mail your credit card information. Call 253-838-4646 to submit your credit card information.
    [Show full text]
  • Gardening Without Harmful Invasive Plants
    Gardening without harmful invasive plants A guide to plants you can use in place of invasive non-natives Supported by: This guide, produced by the wild plant conservation charity Gardening Plantlife and the Royal Horticultural Society, can help you choose plants that are less likely to cause problems to the environment without should they escape from your garden. Even the most diligent harmful gardener cannot ensure that their plants do not escape over the invasive garden wall (as berries and seeds may be carried away by birds or plants the wind), so we hope you will fi nd this helpful. lslslsls There are laws surrounding invasive enaenaenaena r Rr Rr Rr R non-native plants. Dumping unwanted With over 70,000 plants to choose from and with new varieties being evoevoevoevoee plants, for example in a local stream or introduced each year, it is no wonder we are a nation of gardeners. ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr ©Tr © woodland, is an offence. Government also However, a few plants can cause you and our environment problems. has powers to ban the sale of invasive These are known as invasive non-native plants. Although they plants. At the time of producing this comprise a small minority of all the plants available to buy for your booklet there were no sales bans, but it An unsuspecting sheep fl ounders in a garden, the impact they can have is extensive and may be irreversible. river. Invasive Floating Pennywort can is worth checking on the websites below Around 60% of the invasive non-native plant species damaging our cause water to appear as solid ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Depressed Pollination of Lapageria Rosea Ruiz Et Pav. (Philesiaceae) in the Fragmented Temperate Rainforest of Southern South America
    -1 Depressed pollination of Lapageria rosea Ruiz et Pav. (Philesiaceae) in the fragmented temperate rainforest of southern South America CARLOS E. VALDIVIA*, JAVIER A. SIMONETTI and CAROLINA A. HENRI´QUEZ Departamento de Ciencias Ecolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Key words: Forest fragmentation, Plant conservation, Plant–animal interaction, Vine Abstract. We studied the pollination and reproductive success in continuous and fragmented populations of Lapageria rosea, a self-compatible plant endemic to temperate forests of Chile. Pollinator abundance, visitation rates, flower abundance, nectar volume and concentration, pollen germination and fruit and seed production, were compared between continuous forest of 145 ha and four forest fragments of 6, 3, 3, and 1 ha respectively, surrounded by mature pine plantations of Pinus radiata. Flower abundance was lower in three out of four forest fragments relative to continuous forest. Nectar volume and sugar concentration did not differ between flowers in the two habitats. Pollinators of L. rosea, the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes and bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii were less abundant and visited flowers of L. rosea at lower rates in fragments than in continuous forest. In addition, in vitro rates of pollen germination were lower for flowers in forest fragments. The number of seeds per fruit was also lower in forest fragments. We suggest that fragmentation affects the reproductive success of L. rosea, lowering the total numbers of seeds produced and possibly compromising long term persistence of fragmented populations. Introduction Habitat fragmentation can have profound effects on pollination with negative consequences for plant reproduction (Murcia 1996; Aizen 1998).
    [Show full text]