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A CFD Study on the Performance of High Speed Planing Hulls

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A CFD Study on the Performance of High Speed Planing Hulls Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Masters Theses Graduate Research and Creative Practice 12-2019 A CFD Study on the Performance of High Speed Planing Hulls Mowgli J. Crosby Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses Part of the Computational Engineering Commons, and the Dynamics and Dynamical Systems Commons ScholarWorks Citation Crosby, Mowgli J., "A CFD Study on the Performance of High Speed Planing Hulls" (2019). Masters Theses. 966. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/966 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research and Creative Practice at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CFD Study on the Performance of High Speed Planing Hulls Mowgli J. Crosby A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering December 2019 Acknowledgments I would like to take this opportunity to thank committee for their continued support throughout this project and especially thank my thesis committee chair, Dr. Mokhtar, for his continued support. It would not have been possible without his guidance. I would also like to thank Dr. Fleischmann for her assistance with the scale model testing, constant enthusiasm, and general interest in the topic. In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Reffeor for her valuable suggestion and critiques. Finally, I would like to thank Grand Valley State University for giving me the opportunity to pursue further education and for providing me with all of the resourced needed to complete my research. 3 Abstract Most high speed water craft are able to achieve high speeds through the use of a planing hull. Planing hulls use hydrodynamic forces to lift a portion of the vessel out of the water, reducing drag, and allowing for greater speeds. Determining the flow around such vessels is traditionally achieved using a scale model in a tow tank. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of a high speed planing hull determine the effects of several geometric features using computational fluid dynamics rather than traditional experimentation. The goal was to determine the best configuration to ensure the lowest resistance on the hull at high speed. This was achieved using STAR CCM+ to solve a three dimensional computational analysis for the multiphase flow and dynamic motion of a planing hull. An initial simulation was created for a 25 ft base hull and validated using experimental data from a towing tank. After developing an accurate simulation for a single hull, the hull geometry was modified to test for the effects of the keel line geometry, deadrise angle, and spray rail location. A full factorial DOE analysis was performed to examine the effects of the tested geometric features and the interactions between them. The results from this analysis showed that the tested features had a significant effect on the performance of the hull. Increasing the deadrise angle resulted in a decrease in sinkage, an increase in trim angle, and an increase in the total drag on the hull. Raising the keel line height caused a decrease in trim angle and sinkage, while increasing the total drag. These two terms had a significant interaction. As one increased, the relative effect of changing the other also increased for total drag. The final geometric feature tested was the spray rails. Adding spray rails to the bottom of the hull significantly increased the sinkage. Moving the location of the spray rails away from the center of the hull increased the total drag. This showed that the total drag could be significantly reduced by altering these geometric features of the hull. 4 Table of Contents Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. 8 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ 11 Nomenclature ................................................................................................................................ 13 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 16 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Typical Hull Geometry ....................................................................................................... 19 1.3 Fluid Resistance Equations ................................................................................................. 22 2. Literature Review...................................................................................................................... 25 2.1 Types of Drag ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1 Viscous Hull Resistance .............................................................................................. 26 2.1.2 Wake Making Resistance ............................................................................................. 27 2.1.3 Air Resistance .............................................................................................................. 28 2.2 Effect of Deadrise Angle .................................................................................................... 28 2.3 Effect of Chine .................................................................................................................... 30 2.4 Effect of Spray Rails ........................................................................................................... 32 2.5 Effect of Keel Line Depth ................................................................................................... 33 2.6 Effects of Other Characteristics .......................................................................................... 34 3. CFD Theory .............................................................................................................................. 37 5 4.1 Conservation of Mass ......................................................................................................... 38 4.2 Conservation of Momentum ............................................................................................... 39 4.3 Conservation of Energy ...................................................................................................... 41 4.4 Navier-Stokes Equations ..................................................................................................... 41 4.4 Turbulence Modeling .......................................................................................................... 42 4.5 Multiphase Flow ................................................................................................................. 44 4.6 Fluid Structure Interaction .................................................................................................. 45 4. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 48 5. Phase I: Base Hull Simulation .................................................................................................. 51 5.1 CFD Model ......................................................................................................................... 51 5.1.1 CAD Model .................................................................................................................. 51 5.1.2 Physics Model .............................................................................................................. 57 5.1.3 Boundary Conditions ................................................................................................... 59 5.1.4 Mesh Model ................................................................................................................. 59 5.2 Phase I Results .................................................................................................................... 62 5.2.1 Mesh Convergence Results .......................................................................................... 63 5.2.2 Base Hull Simulation Results ...................................................................................... 66 6. Phase II: Model Validation ....................................................................................................... 74 6.1 Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 74 6.2 Scale Model Results
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