Start Spinning: Everything You Need to Know to Make Great Yarn Ebook
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Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Friction-Spun Yarns
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol.18,March 1993,pp.14-l9 Influence of process parameters on the properties of friction-spun yarns A R Padmanabhan & N Ramakrishnan The South India Textile Research Association, Coimbatore 641 014, India Received 9 June 1992; revised received 23 October 1992; accepted 24 November 1992 The effects of spinning drum speed, yam delivery rate, core-wrapper ratio and number of wrapper slivers on the quality characteristics of yams spun on a laboratory model DREF-3 friction spinning ma- chine have been studied. It is observed that by and large, drum speed and per cent wrapper fibres deter- mine the yarn tenacity while the delivery rate and the per cent core fibre content influence the yam un- evenness. Keywords: Carding drum, Drum speed, Friction-spun yarn, Yarn tenacity, Unevenness, Wrapper fibres t Introduction drafting unit II with different core-to-wrapper ratios The quality of the yarn obtained from any spinn- and at different delivery rates. ing system depends on the quality of raw material In each count, 12 yarn samples, three for each of used as well as on the process parameters employed the four process variables, were produced by suit- during spinning. Friction spinning is no exception to ably altering the spinning parameters as listed in this. While many research workers have studied in Table 2. While varying the parameters, care was tak- detail the influence of process variables on yarn en to ensure that only one parameter was changed at quality in both ring and rotor spinning, such an in- a time, keeping the other three at the following opti- formation with regard to friction spinning appears mum level as suggested by the manufacturer. -
Transatlantic Trade in Woollen Cloth 1850-1914: the Role of Shoddy
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 1990 Transatlantic Trade In Woollen Cloth 1850-1914: The Role Of Shoddy David T. Jenkins University of York Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Design Commons Jenkins, David T., "Transatlantic Trade In Woollen Cloth 1850-1914: The Role Of Shoddy" (1990). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 607. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/607 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. -25- TRANSATLANTIC TRADE IN WOOLLEN CLOTH 1850-1914: THE ROLE OF SHODDY conditions. The nature and scale of the problem did not permit easy and DAVID T. JENKINS rapid solutions. The raw materials, technology and labour skills required for all-wool worsted production were quite different and a Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, rapid conversion to French methods of wool preparation and spinning was Y01 5DD, England. not quickly feasible. The British industry instead pursued a policy, initially rather slowly, of adapting its existing machinery and THE WORSTED CLOTH TRADE innovating new products, notably worsted coatings. In the two decades The factors affecting European trade and competition in worsted before the First World War it did recoup some of its previous trade cloth in foreign markets, notably the United States, in the second half losses but its level of trade did not recover to that of earlier years.2 of the nineteenth century are well recorded. -
Spininnovation
No. 24 07.2008 € INNOVATION 5,– SPIN THE MAGAZINE FOR SPINNING MILLS COREflex® – Core Yarn Attachment for Ring Spinning Machines ACP Quality Package Premium Parts – News HP-GX 5010 New Top Weighting Arms Mill Reports: – Nahar, India – Danmao, China Berkol – Part of Bräcker Wilhelm Stahlecker GmbH CONTENTS Editorial 3 COREflex® – Spinning Soft Core Yarn on Ring and Compact Spinning Machines 5 Yarn Quality Improved by ACP Quality Package 9 Premium Parts – News – Metal Washer for Magnetic Navals – CR-Coating for B 174 and B 20 SOLIDRINGS – ProFiL®Navels 15 The Theory of Compacting 19 BERKOL® – Becomes Part of Bräcker AG, Switzerland 21 NAHAR – A Saga from Farm to Fashion 23 Experience with EliTe® and EliTwist®CompactSet – A Practical Assessment , Nahar Industries, India 25 Manufacture of the SUESSEN Technology Components 27 Produce More and Better High Grade Worsted Fashion Fabric – Danmao Spinning Mills, China 31 HP-GX 5010 – The Top Weighting Arm for Worsted Spinning 36 Wilhelm Stahlecker GmbH (WST) – Centre for Research and Development 40 SUESSEN Customer Survey 2007 44 News 46 Advertisement: – Graf, Switzerland 47 – SUESSEN Product Range 48 Impressum No. 24 – July 2008 Published by Reprint of articles with reference Price : € 5.– Spindelfabrik Suessen GmbH permitted – Voucher copies desired Publication : once per year Dammstrasse 1, D-73079 Süssen, All rights reserved Information & Advertising Contact: Germany Spindelfabrik Suessen GmbH SPINNOVATION, Germany Editor in Chief : Peter Stahlecker fax + 49 (0) 71 62 15-367 Title registered® at German Patent Front Cover : e-mail: [email protected] Office EliCoreTwist® – EliTwist®CompactSet internet: www.suessen.com Copyright © 2008 with COREflex ® 2 SPINNOVATION No. -
Premium Knitting & Crochet Tool Catalog
2015 PREMIUM KNITTING & CROCHET TOOL CATALOG Westing Bridge LLC designs, manufactures and wholesales the complete line of ChiaoGoo premium bamboo, wood, and stainless steel knitting and crochet tools. We are dedicated to offering high quality products with great overall value! ChiaoGoo bamboo needles are made of Moso bamboo, the largest and strongest bamboo in the world. Our craftsmanship is the result of over 100 years of experience passed down by generations of skilled craftsmen. Due to the quick, renewable nature of bamboo, we are proud that the products we offer are eco-friendly. Our stainless steel products are made of surgical-grade, stainless steel that is hypoallergenic and, in most cases, not reactive to sensitive skin. They have a nice smooth, satin sheen that won’t reflect any light making it hard to see your work. They are lightweight and strong! The needle is precisely machined resulting in perfect tips and joins. We take pride in providing excellent customer service to our customers in the United States and abroad. We have established a European Sales Office to assist those German and French speaking customers. Please refer to the back cover for contact information. We thank you for your interest in our ChiaoGoo products. SINGLE POINTS BAMBOO Our Patina and Natural Color Single Points have precisely tapered, hand-crafted tips. They are made of Moso bamboo which is the largest and strongest bamboo out of over 1,000 different species. The size is permanently laser imprinted on each needle and cap. The patina color is obtained with thermal heat. It is difficult to find bamboo large enough to produce needles larger than size US15 (10 mm). -
Current and Future Trends in Yarn Production1
Volume 2, Issue 2, Spring 2002 CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS IN YARN PRODUCTION1 William Oxenham, Ph.D. College of Textiles, North Carolina State University ABSTRACT While developments in yarn manufacturing continue to be promoted by machinery makers, spinners are challenged to produce the best quality yarn at an acceptable price. This often results in a compromise, since improved yarn quality can usually only be achieved at a higher processing cost (including raw material selection). An additional difficulty is that the significance of the various attributes of quality change for different yarn’s end uses. While the solution to lowering yarn costs, that has been adopted in recent years has been to create large, almost fully automated spinning mills, this philosophy is presently being questioned, since this significantly reduces flexibility with respect to the fiber and yarn type that can be processed. This is obviously at odds with the current paradigm of customer driven, quick response manufacturing, since this demands inherent flexibility in the successful supplier. This paper reviews the current state of technological innovation in yarn production and examines the relative merits and disadvantages of each system. Some insight will also be given concerning those factors that limit further development of some of these systems. Historical trends in US yarn production have also been surveyed, and the combined information obtained is used as an indicator of the future directions in this key industry. KEYWORDS: Yarn Production, Spinning, Vortex Spinning, Centrifugal Spinning 1. INTRODUCTION shortcomings in certain aspects of yarn and fabric quality (Figure 2). This aspect Research into new technology for yarn cannot be over stressed since while ring formation peaked in the 60’s & 70’s. -
Results Vintage & Jewellery
Results Vintage & Jewellery, No. Item Hammer price 1 A brilliant cut diamond ring, 1.35 ct. 35 000 SEK 2 A pair of 12 mm cultured South sea pearl, pink sapphire, peridote and diamond earrings. Unsold 3 A cultured pearl and brilliant-cut diamond brooch. 8 000 SEK 4 A brilliant-cut diamond necklace. Unsold 5 A brilliant-cut diamond, 1.01 cts, ring. Quality F/ VVS1 according to HRD certificate. Unsold 6 A brilliant-cut diamond, circa 1.74 cts, solitaire ring. Quality H/VVS2. Unsold 7 A diamond, circa 1.00 ct, and sapphire ring. Flexible parts. Unsold 8 A pair of Tahiti pearl, 13 mm, and diamond, circa 0.36 ct, earrings. 13 000 SEK 9 A brilliant-cut diamond brooch. Total carat weight circa 2.00 cts. Unsold 10 A South Sea pearl, circa 14.8 x 12.8 mm, and diamond, ca total 0.08 ct, pendant. Unsold 11 A tourmaline, total carat weight 16.20 cts, and diamond, total carat weight 2.99 cts. Unsold 12 A pair of cultured South sea pearl and brilliant-cut diamond earrings. Unsold 13 A NECKLACE, south sea pearls 14.3-17.0 mm. Clasp with multicolor sapphires c. 7.50 Unsold cts. Length 42 cm. 14 A pink sapphire, circa 1.55 cts, and diamond, total circa 0.7 ct, ring. 12 000 SEK 15 A pair of pearl and diamond earring. 12 000 SEK 16 A brilliant-cut diamond ring. Total gem weight 2.48 cts. Unsold 17 A pair of amethyst and diamond, circa 0.60 ct, earrings. -
7. Wool Combing
7. Wool Combing Errol Wood Learning objectives On completion of this topic you should be able to: • Outline the objectives of wool combing • Describe the design of a typical rectilinear comb • Explain the steps in rectilinear combing – feeding, initial combing, final combing and drawing off, and sliver formation • Discuss the means by which noils are removed, and the balance required in setting the amount to be removed • Explain the purpose of re-combing • Calculate: tear ratio, noil(%), romaine, regain and combing production • Discuss the factors that affect the combing quality of fine wools Key terms and concepts Combing (Nobel and rectilinear), nips per minute, doublings, noils, finisher gilling, packaging, re- combing, tear, noil(%), romaine, percent fibres less than 30 mm, combing production. Introduction to the topic Wool combing is a comprehensive term when used in its widest sense, and it embraces all the operations carried out in a topmaking plant. It includes the processes of raw wool scouring, drying, carding, backwashing and preparer gilling. Then follows the actual combing operation and the sequence of topmaking processes concludes with two gilling steps called top finishing (or finisher gilling). Combing is not included in the semiworsted or woollen processing routes. Wool combing, the single process, is indispensable in the manufacture of a worsted yarn. The card has disentangled the fibres in the mass of scoured wool and has mixed them in a roughly parallel formation. However, during the carding process many fibres will have been broken, and the card sliver will consist of a variety of fibre lengths. Some vegetable matter will have been removed but fragments remain. -
2-Day Pre-Festival Workshops Spinning 101: Learn to Spin Or Refresh Your Skills with Maggie Casey Wednesday and Thursday, May 4 & 5, 9 A.M
2-Day Pre-Festival Workshops Spinning 101: Learn to Spin or Refresh Your Skills with Maggie Casey Wednesday and Thursday, May 4 & 5, 9 a.m. - 4 p.m., Howard County Farm Heritage Museum (across from the Howard County Fairgrounds) Spider Woman taught the Navajo to spin with spindles of lightning and turquoise. Gandhi encouraged the people of India to spin every day for meditation and economic freedom. Rumpelstiltskin spun straw into gold and Sleeping Beauty pricked her finger on her spindle and fell into a deep sleep. History and fable are full of tales of spinning and its effect on the people who do it. If you have always wanted to spin, have taught yourself a little, or haven’t spun for a while, this workshop will be just what you need to gain confidence and skill. We will start with a beautiful fleece, learn to card, spin, ply and set the twist. Then we will spin woolen and worsted yarns, some commercially prepared fibers and discuss wheel maintenance. Spinning straw into gold may be beyond our reach, but beautiful yarn is not! Skill level: Beginner. Students should bring: Working spinning wheel and all its parts, lazy kate and at least 3 bobbins, wool hand cards. JC01 Class fee: $200. Materials fee: $20. Fiber Preparation with Robin Russo Wednesday and Thursday, May 4 & 5, 9 a.m. - 4 p.m., Bingo Hall Well prepared fibers spin easily into beautiful yarns. This class covers both drum-carding and combing of fine, medium and coarse wools; color blending; luxury fiber preparation, and separation of guard hair from undercoat. -
Textile School Catalog, 1925-1926
:.:, : \ .> is.'.-: : W* THE PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART FORTY- NINTH SEASON wmmm «SIEH£»>% CIRCULAR OF THE PHILADELPHIA TEXTILE SCHOOL BROAD AND PINE STREETS PHILADELPHIA 1925-1926 FORTY-SECOND SEASON SACO-LOWELL SHOPS LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF TEXTILE MACHINERY IN AMERICA Worsted (French & Bradford Systems) Cotton—Spun Silk Also Complete Waste Reclaiming MACHINERY EXECUTIVE OFFICES 1 Federal St., BOSTON, MASS. SHOPS AT Biddeford, Me. Newton Upper Falls, Mass. Lowell, Mass. Pawtucket, R. I. Southern Office, Charlotte, N. C. Branch Southern Office, Greenville, S. C. CANADIAN AGENTS Whitehead, Emmans, Ltd., 285 Beaver Hall Hill, Montreal JACQUARD CARD MACHINES Complete equipment for cutting, lacing and re- peating'. Special features for quick duplicating. A variable speed electric motor drive. For any size, any index of card. vvrite for detailed information. JOHN ROYLE & SONS, Paterson, N.J. Cost Cutters for the Textile Industry AMERICAN J PRESSED STEEL * ^ BEAM HEADS "American" Pressed Steel Warper and Slasher Beam Heads—strong, light and durable. "American" Pressed Steel Shaft Hangers, strong, rigid, true. "American" Steel Split Pulleys. Special literature explaining each product awaits your request THE AMERICAN PULLEY CO. Manufacturers of STEEL SPLIT PULLLEYS, PRESSED STEEL SHAFT HANGERS, and PRESSED STEEL SHAPES 4200 Wissahickon Ave., Philadelphia PRESSED STICL HANGERS I PULLEYS (bmplete Equipment tton Machinen Built by Specialists Cotton Opening, Convey- ing, and Picker Room Machinery, Revolving Top Flat Cards, Drawing, Stubbing, Inter, and Rov- ing Frames. W00NS0CKET MACHINE & PRESS CO., Inc. WOONSOCKET, R. I. Ring Spinning Frames, Ring Twisters for Cot- ton, Wool, Worsted, Silk, Linen, Jute and Novelty Yarns. PALES & JENKS MACHINE CO., Pawtucket, R. I. -
Need for Lap Preparation
Need for Lap preparation: The combers are fed with a small lap produced by combining several slivers. The raw material delivered by the card is unsuitable for combing as regards both form and fiber arrangement. If card slivers were just combined and fed to the comber, true nipping by the nipper plates would occur only on the high points, with the risk that the nippers could not retain the less firmly compressed edge zones of the slivers asshown in the below fig. This is because the slivers are not flattened. The fibres could then be pulled out as clumps by the circular combs during combing operation. A sheet with the greatest possible degree of evenness in cross section, with uniform thickness is therefore required as in-feed to the comber. Effect of fibre presentation: The fiber arrangement must also be taken into account, i.e. in this case the disposition of the hooks. If the comber is to straighten hooks, as it is intended to, then the fibers must be presented to it with leading hooks. The carded slivers have trailing hooks as the majority hooks (more than 50%) as the sliver emerges out of the calendar rollers in the carding machine. Each time the sliver is packed in a can and taken out, the majority hooks change. For example, as the sliver is withdrawn from the card can, the original trailing hooks (as the sliver went into the can) are now counted as the leading hooks as can be seen in Fig. Hence, at this stage majority hooks are the leading hooks. -
List of Iwto and Nz Test Methods for Wool - Mar 2007
SGS WOOL TESTING SERVICES TECHNICAL PAPER 2007 LIST OF IWTO AND NZ TEST METHODS FOR WOOL - MAR 2007 Methods in BOLD have associated sampling regulations and can be certified under IWTO or NZ rules; other tests listed may be reported but cannot be the subject of ‘Guarantees’ as defined in the IWTO Arbitration Agreement (“Blue book”). Methods shown in italics are drafts and can only be used by agreement between buyer and seller. Key words are underlined. Working group drafts are not listed. IWTO-0 IWTO-10 IWTO DTM 21 Introduction to IWTO specifications. Method for the determination of Method for the determination of the Procedures for the development, review, dichloromethane soluble matter in alkali content of wool progression or relegation of IWTO test combed wool, sliver & commercially IWTO DTM 22 methods and draft test methods scoured or carbonised wool IWTO DTM 1 Method for the determination of the IWTO DTM 11 weight per unit area of woven cloth Method of determining barbe & hauteur Method of test for the solubility of wool for wool fibres using a comb sorter in urea-bisulphite solution IWTO DTM 24 General & specific methods for the IWTO-2 IWTO-12 determination of cleanliness faults in Method for the determination of the pH Measurement of the mean & distribution combed wool slivers value of a water extract of wool of fibre diameter using the Sirolan- IWTO-26 Laserscan fibre diameter analyser IWTO-3 Glossary of terms IWTO DTM 13 Method of test for the acid content of IWTO-28 wool Counting of coloured fibres in tops by Determination by -
Tapestry Weaving
CONTENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES AND WEAVING 2 SPINNING SPINNING BY HAND 6 SPINNINGWHEEL: THE PARTS 6 SPINNINGWHEELWITH BOBBIN LEAD 9 BICYCLE SPINNINGWHEEL 9 SPINNING ACCESSORIES 9 BENCH-CARDER 11 CONSTRUCTING A BENCH-CARDER 12 THE SPINNING OPERATION 13 MATERIALS: WOOL AN D MOHAl R 14 THE CLASSES OF MOHAIR FROM LESOTHO 14 SORTING BASOTHO MOHAIR 15 TEASING 16 CARDING 16 COMBING 18 SPINNING: WORKING METHOD 19 LONG DRAW-WOOLLEN SPINNING 20 SHORT DRAW-WORSTED SPINNING 21 SPINNING FLUFFY YARN 22 Z-TWISTED AND S-TWISTED YARN 22 PLYING 22 THE SIZE OF THE YARN 23 SKEINS 23 EVALUATI NG TH E YARN 24 DYEING NATURAL DYES 25 SYNTHETIC OR CHEMICAL DYES 25 SYNTHETIC DYES FOR ANIMAL FIBRE 25 EQUIPMENT 27 MATERIALS USED FOR DYEING AT TLM 29 WEIGHING THE DYE-STUFF 30 PREPARING LESS THAN 1/10 GRAM DYE-STUFF 30 http://d-nb.info/1015550118 CALCULATING PERCENTAGES 31 PREPARING YARN FOR WASHING AND DYEING 31 HANDLING YARN FROM ANIMAL FIBRE 32 SOAKING YARN BEFORE WASHING 32 WASHING YARN 32 WORKING ROUTINE AND DYEING METHOD 33 SAMPLE DYEING 34 MATERIAL CONSUMPTION REGISTRATION 35 SHAFT LOOM WEAVING SHAFT LOOM WITH OVERHEAD PULLEY SYSTEM 36 SHAFT LOOM: THE PARTS 37 SHAFT LOOM: OPERATION 38 SHAFT LOOM WITH COUNTERMARCH 39 WEAVING ACCESSORIES AND HAND-TOOLS 39 THE WARP 42 THE WEFT 42 PREPARING WARP THE SIMPLEST WAY 42 PREPARING WARP ON A FRAME 43 PREPARING WARP ON A WARPING MILL 44 THE CROSS 45 THE REED 46 CALCULATING THE WARP WIDTH 47 CALCULATING THE WARP LENGTH 47 SPACING THE WARP BEFORE DRESSING THE LOOM 48 TRANSFERRING A WARP TO THE SHAFT LOOM 49 DRESSING