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Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Friction-Spun Yarns
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol.18,March 1993,pp.14-l9 Influence of process parameters on the properties of friction-spun yarns A R Padmanabhan & N Ramakrishnan The South India Textile Research Association, Coimbatore 641 014, India Received 9 June 1992; revised received 23 October 1992; accepted 24 November 1992 The effects of spinning drum speed, yam delivery rate, core-wrapper ratio and number of wrapper slivers on the quality characteristics of yams spun on a laboratory model DREF-3 friction spinning ma- chine have been studied. It is observed that by and large, drum speed and per cent wrapper fibres deter- mine the yarn tenacity while the delivery rate and the per cent core fibre content influence the yam un- evenness. Keywords: Carding drum, Drum speed, Friction-spun yarn, Yarn tenacity, Unevenness, Wrapper fibres t Introduction drafting unit II with different core-to-wrapper ratios The quality of the yarn obtained from any spinn- and at different delivery rates. ing system depends on the quality of raw material In each count, 12 yarn samples, three for each of used as well as on the process parameters employed the four process variables, were produced by suit- during spinning. Friction spinning is no exception to ably altering the spinning parameters as listed in this. While many research workers have studied in Table 2. While varying the parameters, care was tak- detail the influence of process variables on yarn en to ensure that only one parameter was changed at quality in both ring and rotor spinning, such an in- a time, keeping the other three at the following opti- formation with regard to friction spinning appears mum level as suggested by the manufacturer. -
Textile Industry Needs Christopher D
The Journal of Cotton Science 21:210–219 (2017) 210 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2017 ENGINEERING & GINNING Textile Industry Needs Christopher D. Delhom, Vikki B. Martin, and Martin K. Schreiner ABSTRACT lthough the immediate customer of the gin is Athe cotton producer, the end user of the ginned The immediate customers of cotton gins are lint is the textile mill, retailers, and eventually the the producers; however, the ultimate customers consumer. Thus, it is essential for the ginner to are textile mills and consumers. The ginner has satisfy both the producers and the textile industry. the challenging task to satisfy both producers and Consequently, the ginner needs to be aware of the the textile industry. Classing and grading systems needs of the textile industry. are intended to assign an economic value to the The intent of the cotton classing and grading bales that relates to textile mill demands and the system is to assign an economic value to the bale that quality of the end product. International textile documents its properties as it relates to the quality of mills currently are the primary consumers of U.S. the end product. Since the last edition of the Cotton cotton lint where it must compete against foreign Ginners Handbook in 1994, the customers of U.S. origins. International textile mills manufacture cotton have changed radically, shifting from primar- primarily ring-spun yarns, whereas domestic mills ily domestic to international mills. International mills manufacture predominantly rotor spun yarns. Pro- have been accustomed primarily to hand-harvested ducers and ginners must produce cottons to satisfy cotton that has been processed at slow ginning all segments of the industry, i.e., domestic and in- rates. -
Using Cotton Sliver Draft Force to Evaluate Textile Processing Efficiency, Part I
USING COTTON SLIVER DRAFT FORCE TO EVALUATE TEXTILE PROCESSING EFFICIENCY, PART I D. D. McAlister, III, J. D. Bargeron, L. C. Godbey ABSTRACT. Fiber bundles in sliver form more closely represent the fiber bundles commonly used in commercial testing. Therefore, this experiment focused on studying drafting force using untwisted fiber bundles (sliver) rather than twisted fiber bundles (roving) as had been previously studied. Four cottons of similar micronaire but different lengths were utilized for this experiment. Ring spun yarns of three different linear densities were produced from each cotton to cover the range of coarse to fine yarns commonly produced in a textile mill. Fiber quality, processing quality, and yarn quality were measured for each cotton in addition to finisher sliver drafting force. The analysis of the data indicates that short fiber content has the greatest impact on drafting force. In addition, it appears to be possible to determine processing waste and spinning efficiency levels through the determination of drafting force of sliver. Keywords. Cotton, Textile processing, Fiber quality, Short fiber content, Drafting force. pinning technology is advancing far beyond predict- and against metal (fiber-to-metal) and found a strong rela- ing cotton fiber performance from the fiber proper- tionship (r = 0.85) between fiber crimp and fiber-to-fiber co- ties reported by High-Volume Instruments (HVI) hesion with a RotorRing test method. In earlier work, and used for the marketing of cotton. Currently the convolutions in cotton fiber (similar to crimp in synthetic fi- fiberS properties measured by HVI are length, length unifor- ber) were found to play an important role in the friction be- mity, strength, micronaire, color, and trash. -
Determination of Dehairing, Carding, Combing and Spinning Difference from Lama Type of Fleeces
International Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1; January 2012 Determination of dehairing, carding, combing and spinning difference from Lama type of fleeces Franka1, E.N., Hicka, M.V.H. and Adotb, O. a.- SUPPRAD2 Program, Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina b.- SUPPRAD Program. Habitat Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract Mixed fleeces as Llama fleeces, require a special textile process known as dehairing. This process behaves differently according to the Lama type of fleeces dehaired. Dehairing generates structural modifications on textile raw material as it eliminates the longer and straighter (coarser) fibres. This has a marked effect on the following worsted or woolen spinning processes. This work was designed for to test these effects with the objective to report how the type of fleeces affects dehairing, worsted or woolen combing and spinning performances. From a textile behavior point of view, a higher fiber diameter variation was detected in double coated fleeces than in luster fleeces. Luster fleeces have a lower bulk potential than double coated fleeces and a lower comb yield due to the higher dehairing effect. It is also this type that produces less ends protruding from the yarn, which may account in part for their diminished prickle effect. Key words: Lama fibre, textile trials, bristle, prickle, coarse fibres. 1. Introduction A characteristic peculiar to the fibre of South American Camelids (SAC) is the presence of a mixed fleece. This is the reason for their textiles processing requiring „dehairing‟ to achieve a superior quality product, because this process consists in the removal of the coarser fibers (Russel, 1990). -
Start Spinning: Everything You Need to Know to Make Great Yarn Ebook
START SPINNING: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW TO MAKE GREAT YARN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Maggie Casey | 120 pages | 01 Apr 2008 | Interweave Press Inc | 9781596680654 | English | Loveland, CO, United States Start Spinning: Everything You Need to Know to Make Great Yarn PDF Book To make two-ply yarn, take two singles strands or both ends of the same strand , attach them both to your spindle, and twist them around each other in the opposite direction from how you originally spun them. When you spin, you put twist into fibres so that they hold together to form a continuous thread. Navajo Plying - Making a three-ply yarn 8. Designed to appeal to the beginning spinner, tips and hints are provided that illustrate how easy, enjoyable, and relaxing spinning can be. When I was in Kenya, women spun Romney wool chiefly "in the grease," but it often locked in large amounts of dirt in the process. Spin spin spin! Covers fiber characteristics, preparation and spinning, choosing a wheel, and crafting the finished yarn into useful and attractive pieces. I Made It! Leave the original loop of fiber anchored on the spindle hook. Description If you are a knitter or crocheter looking to take the step from just using manufactured yarn to making your own this is a great book to get you started. A bunch of loose fibers will fall apart if you pull on their ends. Launching a Patreon! First and foremost, you want a balanced drop spindle that spins true. Either one will do just fine to learn on. It is also much easier to learn to spin wool than silk, or cotton and other vegetable fibres. -
Solutions for Textile Industry
Solutions for Textile Industry Textile MARKETS & APPLICATIONS Textile 3 Textile Preparation Process Page 4 to 9 Spinning & Yarn Finishing Page 10 to 17 Fabric production Page 18 to 21 The widest range of solutions for Textile processing and machinery Bonfiglioli also provides solutions for: Being one of the leading companies in drive technology and a reliable long-term partner with extensive know-how in the textile machine sector, Bonfiglioli drive FOOD & BEVERAGE specialists work side by side with your machine experts to develop tailored and PROCESSING forward-thinking integrated solutions for your requirements. This covers the entire drive including solutions for Industry 4.0 Applications. LOGISTICS & INDUSTRIAL CRANES Our drive system portfolio has the suitable features to respond to the demanding environment typical of the textile sector, characterized by air polluted by fibers, high ambient temperatures and management of occasionally mains failures. PACKAGING PROCESSES This, combined with a comprehensive range of Professional Services, enables us to fulfill your requirements with tailored solutions aimed at minimizing the WAREHOUSE & Total Cost of Ownership of plants through significant reduction of maintenance MATERIAL HANDLING efforts, energy consumption, and process downtimes. www.bonfiglioli.com Products for all types of textile applications: • Bale opening • Synthetic Yarn extrusion • Doubling & Twisting • Cleaning & Blending • Roving • Dyeing • Carding • Ring spinning • Direct warper/Beaming machine • Pre drawing • Air-jet spinning • Weaving • Lapping • Rotor spinning • Warp knitting • Combing • Winding • Cutting machine 4 Preparation Process Cleaning & Blending 1 Page 6 Synthetic Yarn Extrusion Page 9 4 Carding Page 7 2 www.bonfiglioli.com Textile 5 Combing Page 8 3 6 Preparation Process Cleaning & Blending 1 Bonfiglioli product range presents the suitable features to operate in the harsh environment conditions, such as high dust and humidity, typical of the preparation phase. -
Hand Spinning and Dying Mohair D L Stapleton
Hand Spinning and Dying Mohair D L Stapleton. 28 Bowman Ave. Orange NSW 2800. Using mohair in hand craft is quite different to farming and the production of fibre for the textile industries. Nevertheless, fibre crafting with mohair gives insights and understand of the concepts of fibre quality. Hand spinning is the most obvious craft activity, but this is only half-way to making something of use. In this article I want to explore a variety of craft techniques I have picked up while experimenting with spinning and dying mohair. Figure 1A range of dyed, hand spun yarns. The basics – start with a quality fleece. Of course, there may be specific reasons to “do something” with a fleece but by far the most obvious is to start with the best fleece possible. Mohair has three outstanding properties – fibre length, non- felting character and high lustre. Parallel fibres allow the lustre to be displayed and when dyed, the remarkable colour properties of mohair can be exploited. So, I choose long, open, or relaxed fleece where the staples and fibres are easily separated. The second fleece (shorn before September when fibre shedding can result in tangles) and the third fleece shorn in autumn offer the best general fleece for craft. There is a saying – shear yesterday and it will be short, shear tomorrow and it will be too long. However, shearing tomorrow is probably best for craft fleece. I use staples which are 14 to 16cm long and that means fleece grown for 7 months. Fleece from show goats also offers a good starting point (as long as it’s not too long or expensive to buy). -
Results Vintage & Jewellery
Results Vintage & Jewellery, No. Item Hammer price 1 A brilliant cut diamond ring, 1.35 ct. 35 000 SEK 2 A pair of 12 mm cultured South sea pearl, pink sapphire, peridote and diamond earrings. Unsold 3 A cultured pearl and brilliant-cut diamond brooch. 8 000 SEK 4 A brilliant-cut diamond necklace. Unsold 5 A brilliant-cut diamond, 1.01 cts, ring. Quality F/ VVS1 according to HRD certificate. Unsold 6 A brilliant-cut diamond, circa 1.74 cts, solitaire ring. Quality H/VVS2. Unsold 7 A diamond, circa 1.00 ct, and sapphire ring. Flexible parts. Unsold 8 A pair of Tahiti pearl, 13 mm, and diamond, circa 0.36 ct, earrings. 13 000 SEK 9 A brilliant-cut diamond brooch. Total carat weight circa 2.00 cts. Unsold 10 A South Sea pearl, circa 14.8 x 12.8 mm, and diamond, ca total 0.08 ct, pendant. Unsold 11 A tourmaline, total carat weight 16.20 cts, and diamond, total carat weight 2.99 cts. Unsold 12 A pair of cultured South sea pearl and brilliant-cut diamond earrings. Unsold 13 A NECKLACE, south sea pearls 14.3-17.0 mm. Clasp with multicolor sapphires c. 7.50 Unsold cts. Length 42 cm. 14 A pink sapphire, circa 1.55 cts, and diamond, total circa 0.7 ct, ring. 12 000 SEK 15 A pair of pearl and diamond earring. 12 000 SEK 16 A brilliant-cut diamond ring. Total gem weight 2.48 cts. Unsold 17 A pair of amethyst and diamond, circa 0.60 ct, earrings. -
7. Wool Combing
7. Wool Combing Errol Wood Learning objectives On completion of this topic you should be able to: • Outline the objectives of wool combing • Describe the design of a typical rectilinear comb • Explain the steps in rectilinear combing – feeding, initial combing, final combing and drawing off, and sliver formation • Discuss the means by which noils are removed, and the balance required in setting the amount to be removed • Explain the purpose of re-combing • Calculate: tear ratio, noil(%), romaine, regain and combing production • Discuss the factors that affect the combing quality of fine wools Key terms and concepts Combing (Nobel and rectilinear), nips per minute, doublings, noils, finisher gilling, packaging, re- combing, tear, noil(%), romaine, percent fibres less than 30 mm, combing production. Introduction to the topic Wool combing is a comprehensive term when used in its widest sense, and it embraces all the operations carried out in a topmaking plant. It includes the processes of raw wool scouring, drying, carding, backwashing and preparer gilling. Then follows the actual combing operation and the sequence of topmaking processes concludes with two gilling steps called top finishing (or finisher gilling). Combing is not included in the semiworsted or woollen processing routes. Wool combing, the single process, is indispensable in the manufacture of a worsted yarn. The card has disentangled the fibres in the mass of scoured wool and has mixed them in a roughly parallel formation. However, during the carding process many fibres will have been broken, and the card sliver will consist of a variety of fibre lengths. Some vegetable matter will have been removed but fragments remain. -
Australian Superfine Wool Growers Association Inc
AustrAliAn superfine Wool Growers’ Association inc. AustrAliAn superfine Wool Growers Association inc. AnnuAl 2015-2016 www.aswga.com 1 | Annual 2015/2016 Australian Wool Innovation On-farm tools for woolgrowers Get involved in key initiatives such as: • Join an AWI-funded Lifetime Ewe Management group to lift production - www.wool.com/ltem • Join your state’s AWI extension network - www.wool.com/networks • Benchmark your genetic progress with MERINOSELECT - www.wool.com/merinoselect • Reducing wild dog predation through coordinated action - www.wool.com/wilddogs • Training shearers and woolhandlers - www.wool.com/shearertraining • Enhanced worm control through planning - www.wool.com/wormboss • Getting up to scratch with lice control - www.wool.com/lice • Flystrike protection and prevention - www.wool.com/fl ystrike VR2224295 www.wool.com | AWI Helpline 1800 070 099 Disclaimer: Whilst Australian Wool Innovation Limited and its employees, offi cers and contractors and any contributor to this material (“us” or “we”) have used reasonable efforts to ensure that the information contained in this material is correct and current at the time of its publication, it is your responsibility to confi rm its accuracy, reliability, suitability, currency and completeness for use for your purposes. To the extent permitted by law, we exclude all conditions, warranties, guarantees, terms and obligations expressed, implied or imposed by law or otherwise relating to the information contained in this material or your use of it and will have no liability to you, however arising and under any cause of action or theory of liability, in respect of any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage, loss of profi t or loss of business opportunity), arising out of or in connection with this material or your use of it. -
Notes from Judith Mackenzie's Class on Spinning Icelandic Fibers
Icelandic Sheep Breeders of North America Volume 5, Number 1 Winter 2001 Article #2 Editor, Kathy Hayes Notes from Judith Mackenzie’s Class on Spinning Icelandic Fibers Susan Mongold Weaving makes the lightest fabrics. Using a brush like a scrub brush on the woven fabric after it is woven (or knitted), will produce a long fur-type nap. The tog makes very attractive rug warp. Icelandic locks can actually be separated into up to 5 different lengths and diameters. Each layer gets progressively finer as the length gets shorter. The last or finest coat (thel) is like cashmere. The shortest undercoat, or bottom coat, the down, makes a perfect lace yarn. Lace is best made from a 2-ply yarn as the undulated surface of the 2-ply yarn helps to lock or hold the stich in place. A rounder, smoother 3-ply yarn has a smoother and more slippery surface and will not hold the pattern as well. In order to have the fibers slip easily in the spinning process, spin from the tip end of a lock, then ply from the butt end and knit from the tip end. This will give the easiest spinning experience as you are taking advantage of the lay of the scales on the wool fibers. The most important thing in a spinning fiber is the “hand.” hand is the soft silky feel of the fiber to your hand or how it feels when you handle it. It has little bearing on the fiber diameter. Even a very fine fiber can have a rough hand, while a coarse fiber can have a nice hand. -
Production of Shape Memory Alloy Core- Sheath Friction Yarns
M. R. Ahmad, M. H. M. Yahya1), Production of Shape Memory Alloy Core- *M. R. Hassan, J. Salleh, Sheath Friction Yarns W. Y. W. Ahmad, Abstract N. Hassim This paper describes some studies on the development of shape memory alloy (SMA) core- sheath friction yarns. SMA wires for actuating purposes were utilised as a conductive ele- ment in the core-sheath friction yarn. A DREF 3000 friction spinning machine was used to produce the yarns. The conductive yarn was spun with the SMA actuator wire at the core and 100% cotton fibers in the second layer as the sheath producing a yarn called SMA Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, core-sheath friction yarn (SMA CSFY). During spinning, the core-sheath ratio and spinning Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia drum speeds were varied. The main purposes of the study were to evaluate the SMA CSFY single yarn tensile strength and its actuating performance against changes in the spinning *Faculty of Engineering, process parameters. The results showed that SMA CSFY with the highest spinning drum Universiti Putra Malaysia, speed and 60% core gave the highest tensile strength and fastest actuation performance. Serdang, Malaysia 1)Corresponding author: [email protected] Key words: shape memory alloy, DREF 3000 spinning system, conductive yarn. natural and synthetic fibres from 32 to ity, increasing the yarn strength and im- 60 mm in length [8]. Technically fibres parting any functional fibre to the yarn n Introduction from a card sliver are opened into indi- produced. Figures 1.a and 1.b illustrate vidual fibres. The opened fibres (reduced the cross-sections and longitudinal view The growing development of smart tex- size fibres) are then transfered onto the of core-sheath friction yarns from the tiles is changing the point of view of spinning drums, which are rotating in the DREF 2000 and DREF 3000 spinning world textile fashion from traditional same direction with the assisstance of an systems.