DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring Sexual Coercion Within Marriage in Rural Cambodia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploring Sexual Coercion Within Marriage in Rural Cambodia Exploring Sexual Coercion within Marriage in Rural Cambodia Rany Saing Primary Supervisor: Dr. Panteá Farvid Secondary Supervisor: Professor Jane Koziol-McLain A Thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (Psychology) Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences 19 June 2017 1 Abstract Sexual coercion within marriage includes any acts from forcing or attempting to force a spouse to engage in sexual behavior against his or her will. This can be through violence, threats, verbal insistence, deception, cultural expectation, or economic circumstance. Married women in Cambodia, particularly in rural areas, are bound strongly with the traditional gender norms and women’s code of conduct (Chbab Srey). Chbab Srey requires the women to do household chores, stay at home, strongly respect their husbands, highly value their husband, and keep any spousal argument secret. This norm also requires women to be submissive in sexual matters. The present study aimed to explore sexual coercion within heterosexual marriage in Aoral and Thpong districts in Kampong Speu, Cambodia. This exploratory qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with 11 married women, aged 19 to 47, about their view and experience of marriage, their sexual lives within marriage, and experience of coercive sex within marriage. The research was thematically analyzed and eight themes were identified. The results showed that there was strong connection between traditional gender norms and women’s coercive victimization within marriage in Cambodia. As a result of their coercive sexual experiences, the women experienced a lack of bodily autonomy and sexual desire. Participants who have experienced mild sexual coercion such as verbal coercion, psychological coercion or arousal coercion, are not able to acknowledge it as a problem because coercive sex was too tightly bound with traditional gender norms. However, the women still discussed experiencing some negative impacts on their psychological and physical health. For a few women who had experienced severe sexual coercion, they were capable to recognize it as an issue and therefore were more likely to use a variety of protective strategies in order to cope with it. The current research concludes with some suggestions for further research to investigate the obvious connection between the traditional sexual scripts and men’s sexual coercion with their intimate partners. Key words: Sexual coercion within marriage, Women’s code of conduct, Traditional gender norms, Coercive victimization, Protective strategies, sexual scripts 1 Table of Contents Attestation of Authorship ................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... viii Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Cambodian women .............................................................................................................. 1 Acquiring sexual knowledge ............................................................................................... 3 Sexual experience pre-marital life ....................................................................................... 4 Masturbation ........................................................................................................................ 5 Married women ................................................................................................................... 6 Domestic violence ............................................................................................................... 8 Rape within marriage .......................................................................................................... 8 Sexual Coercion within marriage ........................................................................................ 9 Women with high levels of tolerance in intimate partner violence ................................... 10 Overview of thesis ............................................................................................................. 12 Chapter two: Literature review ......................................................................................... 14 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 14 Sexual coercion tactics ...................................................................................................... 15 Sexual coercion in intimate relationships .......................................................................... 17 Traditional sexual discourses of heterosexuality .............................................................. 17 Gender ideology and sexual coercion ............................................................................... 20 Consent and decision making patterns on sexual matters ................................................. 22 Negative outcomes of sexual coercion .............................................................................. 25 Chapter summary .............................................................................................................. 26 ii Chapter three: Method ....................................................................................................... 28 Epistemology: Critical Realism ........................................................................................ 28 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 29 Participant recruitment ...................................................................................................... 29 Participant demographics .................................................................................................. 30 Data collection ................................................................................................................... 31 Method of data analysis ..................................................................................................... 33 Ethical consideration ......................................................................................................... 34 Fieldwork .......................................................................................................................... 36 Reflexivity ......................................................................................................................... 38 Chapter summary .............................................................................................................. 39 Chapter four: Analytic results (1) ..................................................................................... 40 Gender roles within the home ........................................................................................... 40 The gendering of sexual knowledge .................................................................................. 49 Lack of sexual communication within marriage ............................................................... 55 Men’s influence on women’s reproductive matters .......................................................... 56 Chapter summary .............................................................................................................. 60 Chapter five: Analytic results (2) ...................................................................................... 61 Coercion within marriage sexual scripts ........................................................................... 61 Accounts of sexual coercion and assault ........................................................................... 76 Negative outcomes of sexual coercion .............................................................................. 87 Women’s protective strategies .......................................................................................... 93 Chapter summary .............................................................................................................. 96 Chapter six: Discussion ...................................................................................................... 98 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 98 Brief summary ................................................................................................................... 98 iii Gender roles within the home .......................................................................................... 98 The gendering of sexual knowledge ............................................................................... 100 Lack of sexual communication within marriage ............................................................ 102 Men’s influence on women’s reproductive matters ....................................................... 103 Coercion within marriage sexual scripts ........................................................................ 104 Accounts of sexual coercion and assault ........................................................................ 107 Negative outcomes of sexual coercion ..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cambodia PRASAC Microfinance Institution
    Maybank Money Express (MME) Agent - Cambodia PRASAC Microfinance Institution Branch Location Last Update: 02/02/2015 NO NAME OF AGENT REGION / PROVINCE ADDRESS CONTACT NUMBER OPERATING HOUR 1 PSC Head Office PHNOM PENH #25, Str 294&57, Boeung Kengkang1,Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 023 220 102/213 642 7.30am-4pm National Road No.5, Group No.5, Phum Ou Ambel, Krong Serey Sophorn, Banteay 2 PSC BANTEAY MEANCHEY BANTEAY MEANCHEY Meanchey Province 054 6966 668 7.30am-4pm 3 PSC POAY PET BANTEAY MEANCHEY Phum Kilometre lek 4, Sangkat Poipet, Krong Poipet, Banteay Meanchey 054 63 00 089 7.30am-4pm Chop, Chop Vari, Preah Net 4 PSC PREAH NETR PREAH BANTEAY MEANCHEY Preah, Banteay Meanchey 054 65 35 168 7.30am-4pm Kumru, Kumru, Thmor Puok, 5 PSC THMAR POURK BANTEAY MEANCHEY Banteay Meanchey 054 63 00 090 7.30am-4pm No.155, National Road No.5, Phum Ou Khcheay, Sangkat Praek Preah Sdach, Krong 6 PSC BATTAMBANG BATTAMBANG Battambang, Battambang Province 053 6985 985 7.30am-4pm Kansai Banteay village, Maung commune, Moung Russei district, Battambang 7 PSC MOUNG RUESSEI BATTAMBANG province 053 6669 669 7.30am-4pm 8 PSC BAVEL BATTAMBANG Spean Kandoal, Bavel, Bavel, BB 053 6364 087 7.30am-4pm Phnom Touch, Pech Chenda, 9 PSC PHNOM PROEK BATTAMBANG Phnum Proek, BB 053 666 88 44 7.30am-4pm Boeng Chaeng, Snoeng, Banan, 10 PSC BANANN BATTAMBANG Battambang 053 666 88 33 7.30am-4pm No.167, National Road No.7 Chas, Group No.10 , Phum Prampi, Sangkat Kampong 11 PSC KAMPONG CHAM KAMPONG CHAM Cham, Krong Kampong Cham, Kampong Cham Province 042 6333 000 7.30am-4pm
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheet: Violence Against Women in Cambodia
    CCHR Fact Sheet - Case Studies Series December 2018 Fact Sheet: Violence Against Women in Cambodia Snapshot: Gender-based violence is an issue that pervades much of Cambodian society, and is inextricably linked to the inability of women to realize their human rights. Such violence can come in many forms, and can be perpetrated by a wide range of individuals and institutions. In recent years, the Royal Government of Cambodia has taken steps to combat discrimination in conjunction with other actors, including civil society organizations. However, remaining issues necessitate further action. The Royal Government of Cambodia must adopt meaningful measures to combat violence against women, and move towards a future of respect for women’s rights. Introduction This Fact Sheet provides a summary of key issues relating to gender-based violence (“GBV”) in Cambodia today. Cambodian women suffer from many forms of violence, which greatly impedes their ability to claim their rights as enshrined in Cambodian domestic law and international human rights law. The pervasive nature of GBV is such that accessing justice can be an insurmountable challenge for many women. The Situation In recent years, there have been positive developments in combatting violence against women in Cambodia. The Royal Government of Cambodia (“RGC”) has made some significant efforts to combat GBV. Notable examples include: The 2017 Media Code of Conduct for Reporting on Violence Against Women; The 2016 Referral Guidelines for Women and Girl Survivors of Gender-Based Violence; The 2014-2018 Second National Action Plan to Prevent Violence Against Women; and The 2014-2018 Neary Rattanak IV Strategic Plan for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodity Frontiers an Ethnographic Study of Social-Environmental
    Commodity Frontiers An ethnographic study of social-environmental interaction of Upper Stung Prek Thnot River Catchment, Eastern Cardamom Mountains By Sopheak Chann and Tim Frewer July 2017 1 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Research objectives ................................................................................................................ 1 1.3. Upper Prek Thnot Ecology ...................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Land and resource administration and demography.............................................................. 3 1.5. A brief history .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.6. Commodity Frontiers .............................................................................................................. 7 1.6.1. Livelihoods overview ....................................................................................................... 9 1.6.2. Logging .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.6.3. Charcoal production .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cover English.Ai
    Municipality and Province Investment Information 2013 Cambodia Municipality and Province Investment Information 2013 Council for the Development of Cambodia MAP OF CAMBODIA Note: While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that the information in this publication is accurate, Japan International Cooperation Agency does not accept any legal responsibility for the fortuitous loss or damages or consequences caused by any error in description of this publication, or accompanying with the distribution, contents or use of this publication. All rights are reserved to Japan International Cooperation Agency. The material in this publication is copyrighted. CONTENTS MAP OF CAMBODIA CONTENTS 1. Banteay Meanchey Province ......................................................................................................... 1 2. Battambang Province .................................................................................................................... 7 3. Kampong Cham Province ........................................................................................................... 13 4. Kampong Chhnang Province ..................................................................................................... 19 5. Kampong Speu Province ............................................................................................................. 25 6. Kampong Thom Province ........................................................................................................... 31 7. Kampot Province ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Cambodia – Analysing the Role and Influence of Women in Rural Cambodian Society with a Special Focus on Forming Religious Identity
    WOMEN IN CAMBODIA – ANALYSING THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF WOMEN IN RURAL CAMBODIAN SOCIETY WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON FORMING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY by URSULA WEKEMANN submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY in the subject MISSIOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR D C SOMMER CO-SUPERVISOR: PROF R W NEL FEBRUARY 2016 1 ABSTRACT This study analyses the role and influence of rural Khmer women on their families and society, focusing on their formation of religious identity. Based on literature research, the role and influence of Khmer women is examined from the perspectives of history, the belief systems that shape Cambodian culture and thinking, and Cambodian social structure. The findings show that although very few Cambodian women are in high leadership positions, they do have considerable influence, particularly within the household and extended family. Along the lines of their natural relationships they have many opportunities to influence the formation of religious identity, through sharing their lives and faith in words and deeds with the people around them. A model based on Bible storying is proposed as a suitable strategy to strengthen the natural influence of rural Khmer women on forming religious identity and use it intentionally for the spreading of the gospel in Cambodia. KEY WORDS Women, Cambodia, rural Khmer, gender, social structure, family, religious formation, folk-Buddhism, evangelization. 2 Student number: 4899-167-8 I declare that WOMEN IN CAMBODIA – ANALYSING THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF WOMEN IN RURAL CAMBODIAN SOCIETY WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON FORMING RELIGIOUS IDENTITY is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Interviewees
    mCÄmNÐlÉkßrkm<úCa DOCUMENTATION CENTER OF CAMBODIA Phnom Penh, Cambodia LIST OF POTENTIAL INFORMANTS FROM MAPPING PROJECT 1995-2003 Banteay Meanchey: No. Name of informant Sex Age Address Year 1 Nut Vinh nut vij Male 61 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 2 Ol Vus Gul vus Male 40 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 3 Um Phorn G‘¿u Pn Male 50 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 4 Tol Phorn tul Pn ? 53 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 5 Khuon Say XYn say Male 58 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 6 Sroep Thlang Rswb føag Male 60 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 7 Kung Loeu Kg; elO Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 8 Chhum Ruom QuM rYm Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 9 Than fn Female ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 Documentation Center of Cambodia Searching for the Truth EsVgrkKrBit edIm, IK rcg©M nig yutþiFm‘’ DC-Cam 66 Preah Sihanouk Blvd. P.O.Box 1110 Phnom Penh Cambodia Tel: (855-23) 211-875 Fax: (855-23) 210-358 [email protected] www.dccam.org 10 Tann Minh tan; mij Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 11 Tatt Chhoeum tat; eQOm Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 12 Tum Soeun TMu esOn Male 45 Banteay Meanchey province, Preah Net Preah district 1997 13 Thlang Thong føag fug Male 49 Banteay Meanchey province, Preah Net Preah district 1997 14 San Mean san man Male 68 Banteay Meanchey province,
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations A/HRC/21/35
    United Nations A/HRC/21/35 General Assembly Distr.: General 20 September 2012 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-first session Agenda items 2 and 10 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Technical assistance and capacity-building The role and achievements of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in assisting the Government and people of Cambodia in the promotion and protection of human rights Report of the Secretary-General* * Late submission. GE.12-16852 A/HRC/21/35 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–6 3 II. Prison reform .......................................................................................................... 7–17 4 III. Fundamental freedoms and civil society ................................................................. 18–28 6 IV. Land and housing rights .......................................................................................... 29–41 9 V. Rule of law .............................................................................................................. 42–58 12 VI. Public information and human rights education ...................................................... 59–62 15 VII. Reporting and follow-up ......................................................................................... 63–64 16 VIII. Staffing ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodia Freedoms of Expression, Association and Assembly: a Shrinking Space
    CAMBODIA FREEDOMS OF EXPRESSION, ASSOCIATION AND ASSEMBLY: A SHRINKING SPACE International FACT-FINDING MISSION Report with cooperation from the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) © Peter Harris - Fotojournalism.net September 2010 SOS-Torture Network TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms 4 I. Introduction 5 1. Delegation’s composition and objectives of the mission 5 2. Context of the mission 5 II. Legal framework governing fundamental freedoms 9 1. Impending adoption of a law regulating NGOs’ activities 10 2. The new Criminal Code 11 3. Restrictions on the right to peaceful demonstration 13 4. The draft Trade Union Law 15 5. The Anti-Corruption Law 16 6. Existing legal framework on freedom of the media 17 III. Attacks against land activists in the framework of land conflicts 18 1. Land conflicts: “A core area for concern” 18 2. Historic context and legal framework 19 3. Threats and violence against land activists 20 IV. Threats against trade unionists 24 1. The trade union landscape 24 2. A change of strategy: from overt violence to legal threats 24 V. Threats against journalists and the problem of self-censorship 28 VI. Conclusion 30 VII. Recommendations 32 Annex 1: Persons met by the mission 35 Annex 2: LICADHO’s list of human rights defenders detained as of December 8, 2009 in 18 prisons (out of a total of 25) 37 This report has been produced with the support of the European Union, the International Organisation of the Francophonie and the Republic and Canton of Geneva. Its content is the sole responsibility of FIDH and OMCT and should in no way be interpreted as reflecting the views of the supporting institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Speaking in Two Tongues: an Ethnographic Investigation of the Literacy Practices of English As a Foreign Language and Cambodian Young Adult Learners’ Identity
    Speaking in Two Tongues: An Ethnographic Investigation of the Literacy Practices of English as a Foreign Language and Cambodian Young Adult Learners’ Identity Soth Sok Student Number: 3829801 College of Education, Victoria University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education February 2014 Speaking in Two Tongues: An ethnographic investigation of the literacy practices of English as a foreign language and Cambodian young adult learners’ identity Abstract This study focuses on how the literacy practices in English of young Cambodians shaped their individual and social perception as well as performance of identity. It examines the English language as an increasingly dominant cultural and linguistic presence in Cambodia and endeavours to fill the epistemic gap in what Gee (2008, p. 1) has identified as the ‘other stuff’ of language. This other stuff includes ‘social relations, cultural models, power and politics, perspectives on experience, values and attitudes, as well as things and places in the world’ that are introduced to the local culture through English literacy and practices. Merchant and Carrington (2009, p. 63) have suggested that ‘the very process of becoming literate involves taking up new positions and becoming a different sort of person’. Drawing on the life stories of five participants and my own-lived experiences, the investigation is in part auto-ethnographical. It considers how reading and writing behaviours in English became the ‘constitutive’ components of ‘identity and personhood’ (Street 1994, p. 40). I utilised semi-structured life history interviews with young adult Cambodian participants, who spoke about how their individual and social performance of identity was influenced by their participation in English literacy practices and events in Cambodia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Commerce ្រពឹត ិប្រតផ ូវក រ សបា ហ៍ទី ២៧-២៩
    䮚ពះ楒ᾶ㮶ច䮚កកម�ុᾶ ᾶតិ 絒ស侶 䮚ពះម腒ក䮟䮚ត KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 䮚កសួង奒ណិជ�កម� 侶យក⥒�នកម�សិទ�ិប�� MINISTRY OF COMMERCE Department of Intellectual Property 䮚ពឹត�ិប䮚តផ�ូវŒរ OFFICIAL GAZETTE ស厶� ហ៍ទី ២៧-២៩ ៃន᮶�ំ ២០២១ Week 27-29 of 2021 23/July/2021 (PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY) ែផ�កទី ១ PP AA RR TT II ការចុះប��ីថ�ី NNEEWW RREEGGIISSTTRRAATTIIOONN FFRROOMM RREEGG.. NNoo.. 8833880033 ttoo 8844228844 PPaaggee 11 ttoo 116611 ___________________________________ 1- េលខ⥒ក់奒ក䮙 (APPLICATION No. ) 2- Œលបរ ិេច�ទ⥒ក់奒ក䮙 (DATE FILED) 3- 掶� ស 掶៉់ ក (NAME OF APPLICANT) 4- 襒សយ⥒�ន掶�ស់掶៉ក (ADDRESS OF APPLICANT) 5- 䮚បេទស (COUNTRY) 6- េ⅒�ះ徶�ក់ᅒរ (NAME OF AGENT) 7- 襒សយ⥒�ន徶�ក់ᅒរ (ADDRESS OF AGENT) 8- េលខចុះប��ី (REGISTRATION No) 9- Œលបរិេច�ទចុះប��ី (DATE REGISTERED) 10- គំរ ូ掶៉ក (SPECIMEN OF MARK) 11- ជពូកំ (CLASS) 12- Œលបរ ិេច�ទផុតកំណត់ (EXPIRY DATE) ែផ�កទី ២ PP AA RR TT IIII RREENNEEWWAALL PPaaggee 116622 ttoo 225511 ___________________________________ 1- េលខ⥒ក់奒ក䮙េដម (ORIGINAL APPLICATION NO .) 2- Œលបរ ិេច�ទ⥒ក់奒ក䮙េដម (ORIGINAL DATE FILED) 3- (NAME OF APPLICANT) 掶� ស 掶៉់ ក 4- 襒 ស យ ⥒� ន 掶� ស 掶៉់ ក (ADDRESS OF APPLICANT) 5- 䮚បេទស (COUNTRY) 6- េ⅒�ះ徶�ក់ᅒរ (NAME OF AGENT) 7- 襒សយ⥒�ន徶�ក់ᅒរ (ADDRESS OF AGENT) 8- េលខចុះប��េដ ី ម (ORIGINAL REGISTRATION No) 9- Œលបរ ិេច�ទចុះប��ីេដម ORIGINAL REGISTRATION DATE 10- គ ំរ 掶៉ ូ ក (SPECIMEN OF MARK) 11- ំ (CLASS) ជពូក 12- Œលបរ ិេច�ទ⥒ក់奒ក䮙សំ◌ុចុះប��ី絒ᾶថ� ី (RENEWAL FILING DATE) 13- Œលបរ ិេច�ទចុះប��ី絒ᾶថ� ី (RENEWAL REGISTRATION DATE) 14- Œលបរ ិេច�ទផុតកំណត់ (EXPIRY DATE) ែផ�កទី ៣ PP AA RR TT IIIIII CHANGE, ASSIGNMENT, MERGER
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and Environment in Lao PDR 3
    DRAFT CONFERENCE EDITION P OVERTY E NVIRONMENT Public Disclosure Authorized OVERTY P NVIRONMENT N EXUS E EXUS Public Disclosure Authorized in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam Sustainable approaches to poverty reduction N Sustainable approaches to poverty reduction in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Development Unit East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank in Lao PDR THE WORLD BANK Patou Xay - Nehru Road 1818 H Street, N.W. P.O. Box 345 code 01004 THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. 20433 Vientiane, Lao PDR Telephone: 1-202-473-1000 Telephone: 856-21-414-209 www.worldbank.org/eapenvironment www.worldbank.org/lao Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank in Cambodia The World Bank in Vietnam 113 Norodom Boulevard 63 Ly Thai To Street Phnom Penh, Cambodia Hanoi, Vietnam Telephone: 855-23-217-304 Telephone: 84-4-934-6600 THE WORLD BANK www.worldbank.org/cambodia www.worldbank.org/vietnam DRAFT CONFERENCE EDITION OVERTY P NVIRONMENT E NEXUS Sustainable approaches to poverty reduction in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam June 2006 THE WORLD BANK This publication is available online at <<www.worldbank.org/eapenvironment>>. Front cover photos: Uwe Deichmann, World Bank Photo Library Cover design: Circle Graphics, Jostein Nygard Environment and Social Development Department East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank Washington, D.C. June, 2006 This volume is a product of an expert team from Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam and the staff of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they rep- resent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fight for Freedom: Attacks on Human Rights Defenders 2018-2020
    Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM: ATTACKS ON HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS 2018-2020 A briefing paper issued in December 2020 THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM: Attacks on Human Rights Defenders 2018-2020 A briefing paper issued in December 2020 LICADHO CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROMOTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS CAMBODIAN LEAGUE FOR THE PROMOTION AND DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS (LICADHO) LICADHO is a national Cambodian human rights organization. Since its establishment in 1992, LICADHO has been at the forefront of efforts to protect civil, political, economic and social rights in Cambodia and to promote respect for them by the Cambodian government and institutions. Building on its past achievements, LICADHO continues to be an advocate for the Cambodian people and a monitor of the government through wide ranging human rights programs from its main office in Phnom Penh and 13 provincial offices. MONITORING & PROTECTION PROMOTION & ADVOCACY Monitoring of State Violations & Women’s and Children’s Rights: Monitors investigate human rights violations perpetrated by the State and violations made against women and Supporting Unions & Grassroots Groups children. Victims are provided assistance through interventions with and Networks: local authorities and court officials. Assistance to unions, grassroots groups and affected communities to Medical Assistance & Social Work: provide protection and legal services, and to enhance their capacity to A medical team provides assistance to prisoners and prison officials in campaign and advocate for human rights. urban and rural prisons, victims of human rights violations and families in resettlement sites. Social workers conduct needs assessments of victims and their families and provide short-term material and food.
    [Show full text]