DOCSLIB.ORG

Study Report for Summer 2004 Bioturbation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

STUDY REPORT FOR THE SUMMER 2004 BIOTURBATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM ON THE PALOS VERDES SHELF July 2005 Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District 915 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX Superfund Division (SFD-7-1) 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 Prepared by: Science Applications International Corporation 10260 Campus Point Drive San Diego, CA 92121 SAIC Report Number 679 Study Report for the Summer 2004 Bioturbation Measurement Program Conducted on the Palos Verdes Shelf Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Los Angeles District Region IX 915 Wilshire Boulevard Superfund Division (SFD-7-1) Los Angeles, CA 90017 75 Hawthorne Street San Francisco, CA 94105 July 2005 Prepared by: Science Applications International Corporation 10260 Campus Point Drive San Diego, CA 92121 SAIC Report Number 679 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .....................................................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................................v LIST OF APPENDICES..............................................................................................................................vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 2.0 METHODS ......................................................................................................................................6 2.1 BIO DATA....................................................................................................................................6 2.2 SEDIMENT MIXING/BIOTURBATION RATES...............................................................................10 2.3 OTHER DATA SOURCES .............................................................................................................14 2.3.1 SPI and Plan-View Data........................................................................................................14 2.3.2 LACSD Data .........................................................................................................................16 2.3.3 Bioturbation Literature Search..............................................................................................16 3.0 RESULTS ......................................................................................................................................17 3.1 LARGE BIO ................................................................................................................................17 3.1.1 Community Overview...........................................................................................................17 3.1.2 Key Species...........................................................................................................................30 3.2 SPI AND PLAN-VIEW .................................................................................................................30 3.3 SEDIMENT MIXING AND BIOTURBATION RATES .......................................................................40 3.4 LACSD INFAUNAL DATA..........................................................................................................45 3.5 BIOTURBATION LITERATURE SEARCH.......................................................................................45 4.0 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................48 4.1 BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY PATTERNS .......................................................................................51 4.2 SEDIMENT MIXING AND BIOTURBATION RATES .......................................................................55 5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................57 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................................59 Final Study Report for the Summer 2004 Bioturbation Measurement Program ii Conducted on the Palos Verdes Shelf LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1-1. General Study Area Location. Figure 2.1-1. Station Locations for BIO, Vertical Mixing Rates/Bioturbation, SPI/Plan-View Photographs, and LACSD Data Collections on the Palos Verdes Shelf. Figure 3.1-1. Mean Number of BIO Taxa by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-2. Mean Abundance of BIO by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-3. Mean Biomass (g) of BIO by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-4. Relationship Between Mean Abundance and Biomass (g) of BIO by Station and Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-5. Mean Abundance (“head” count) of the Ghost Shrimp, Neotrypaea, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-6. Mean Abundance (“head” count) of the Polychaete, Marphysa, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-7. Mean Biomass (g; all specimens combined) of the Ghost Shrimp, Neotrypaea, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-8. Mean Biomass (g; all specimens combined) of the Polychaete, Marphysa, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-9. Mean Abundance versus Mean Biomass (g) of the Ghost Shrimp, Neotrypaea, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-10. Mean Abundance versus Mean Biomass (g) of the Polychaete, Marphysa, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-11. Mean Abundance versus Mean Total Length (mm; all specimens combined) of the Ghost Shrimp, Neotrypaea, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.1-12. Mean Abundance versus Mean Total Length (mm; all specimens combined) of the Polychaete, Marphysa, by Core Depth Interval, July/August 2004. Figure 3.3-1. Excess Lead-210 (dpm/g) Versus Core Depth (cm) at Four Stations on the Palos Verdes Shelf. Figure 3.3-2. Biodiffusivity Values and Sedimentation Rates, 2004. Figure 3.3-3. Profiles of Excess Thorium-234 Versus Depth for Replicate Stations in the Northern Portion of the Study Area. Figure 3.4-1. Total Infaunal Abundance by LACSD Station, per 0.1 m2 Core, Summer 2003. Final Study Report for the Summer 2004 Bioturbation Measurement Program iii Conducted on the Palos Verdes Shelf Figure 3.4-2. Total Infaunal Biomass (g) by LACSD Station, per 0.1 m2 Core, Summer 2003. Figure 4.1-1. Box and Whisker Plot Summary of Number of Taxa (top), Abundance (middle), and Biomass (bottom) by Interval, Standardized to 0.1m2. Final Study Report for the Summer 2004 Bioturbation Measurement Program iv Conducted on the Palos Verdes Shelf LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1-1. DQO Process for the Bioturbation Assessment. Table 2.1-1. Site Coordinates (UTM Zone 11N), Core Lengths, and Core Collection Dates from BIO Surveys, July/August 2004. Table 2.1-2. Site Coordinates (UTM Zone 11N) and Core Collection Dates from Sediment Mixing Rates/Bioturbation Surveys, July 2004. Table 2.1-3. Site Coordinates (UTM Zone 11N) and Collection Dates from SPI/Plan-View Surveys, July 2004. Table 3.1-1. BIO Taxa by Phylum, July/August 2004. Table 3.1-2. Mean Number of Taxa by Station, Core Depth Interval, and Taxonomic Group, July/August 2004. Table 3.1-3. Mean Abundance by Station, Core Depth Interval, and Taxonomic Group, July/August 2004. Table 3.1-4. Mean Biomass (g) by Station, Core Depth Interval, and Taxonomic Group, July/August 2004. Table 4.1-1. Study Objectives and Approach for Box Coring and Infaunal Analyses. Table 4.1-2. Study Objectives and Approach for Sediment Dating Analyses. Final Study Report for the Summer 2004 Bioturbation Measurement Program v Conducted on the Palos Verdes Shelf LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A. Results Summary from Bioturbating Infaunal Organisms (BIO) Survey at Palos Verdes Shelf Stations, July/August 2004. Table A-1. Summary of BIO Data, July/August 2004. Table A-2. Summary of Bioturbation Literature Search Results. Appendix B. Results Summary and Photographs from Sediment-Profile Imagery (SPI) and Plan-View Camera Survey at Palos Verdes Shelf Stations, July 2004. Figure B-1. Photographs from Sediment-Profile Imagery (SPI) and Plan-View Camera, July 2004. Table B-1. Summary of SPI Results, July 2004. Table B-2. Plan-View Results, July 2004. Appendix C. Results Summary from Sediment Mixing Rates/Bioturbation Potential Survey at Palos Verdes Shelf Stations, July 2004. Table C-1. Total and Excess Pb-210 Results from Sediment Cores. Table C-2. Total and Excess Th-234 Data from Detailed Stations. Table C-3. Th-234 data from Comparison Stations, with the Resultant Calculated 2 Biodiffusivities (Db, cm /yr). Final Study Report for the Summer 2004 Bioturbation Measurement Program vi Conducted on the Palos Verdes Shelf 1.0 INTRODUCTION Overview The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) approved an Investigation Work Plan (IWP) in July 2004 (SAIC 2004a) that detailed a field investigation and analyses to characterize large bioturbating infaunal organisms (BIO) and evaluate sediment mixing/ bioturbation rates on the Palos Verdes (PV) Shelf (Task 4). The IWP was developed to address questions pertaining to potential effects of bioturbation on cap integrity that were deemed high priority for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). Answers to these questions will benefit both the feasibility study and
Recommended publications
  • From Ghost and Mud Shrimp

    From Ghost and Mud Shrimp

    Zootaxa 4365 (3): 251–301 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5AC71E8-2F60-448E-B50D-22B61AC11E6A Parasites (Isopoda: Epicaridea and Nematoda) from ghost and mud shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea) with descriptions of a new genus and a new species of bopyrid isopod and clarification of Pseudione Kossmann, 1881 CHRISTOPHER B. BOYKO1,4, JASON D. WILLIAMS2 & JEFFREY D. SHIELDS3 1Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West @ 79th St., New York, New York 10024, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Table of contents Abstract . 252 Introduction . 252 Methods and materials . 253 Taxonomy . 253 Isopoda Latreille, 1817 . 253 Bopyroidea Rafinesque, 1815 . 253 Ionidae H. Milne Edwards, 1840. 253 Ione Latreille, 1818 . 253 Ione cornuta Bate, 1864 . 254 Ione thompsoni Richardson, 1904. 255 Ione thoracica (Montagu, 1808) . 256 Bopyridae Rafinesque, 1815 . 260 Pseudioninae Codreanu, 1967 . 260 Acrobelione Bourdon, 1981. 260 Acrobelione halimedae n. sp. 260 Key to females of species of Acrobelione Bourdon, 1981 . 262 Gyge Cornalia & Panceri, 1861. 262 Gyge branchialis Cornalia & Panceri, 1861 . 262 Gyge ovalis (Shiino, 1939) . 264 Ionella Bonnier, 1900 .
  • Zootaxa: Systematics of the Genus Scleroplax Rathbun, 1893

    Zootaxa: Systematics of the Genus Scleroplax Rathbun, 1893

    Zootaxa 1344: 33–41 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1344 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Systematics of the genus Scleroplax Rathbun, 1893 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) ERNESTO CAMPOS Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Apartado Postal 2300, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800 México. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The taxonomic status of the monotypic genus Scleroplax Rathbun, 1893, is evaluated and separated from other genera of the Pinnixa White, 1846, complex. Distinguishing characters of Scleroplax are a hard, subheptagonal and dorsally, highly convex carapace, and a third maxilliped with a propodus that extends to the end of the dactylus. The genera Scleroplax, Pinnixa, Austinixa Heard & Manning, 1997, Glassella Campos & Wicksten, 1997, Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, and Tetrias Rathbun, 1898, share a carapace than is wider than long and a distinct lateral exopod lobe on the third maxilliped, all of which may represent monophyletic characters. Updated information on the distribution and hosts of S. granulata Rathbun, 1893, indicate that the species now ranges from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada to El Coyote estuary, Punta Abreojos, Baja California Sur, México. It inhabits burrows of the echiuroid Urechis caupo Fisher & MacGinitie, 1928, and the mud shrimps Neotrypaea californiensis (Dana, 1854), N. gigas (Dana, 1852) (new host record), Upogebia pugettensis (Dana, 1852), and occasionally U. macginiteorum Williams, 1986 (new host record). Key words: Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae, Scleroplax, systematics, geographic distribution, new hosts Resumen El estatus taxonómico del género monotípico Scleroplax Rathbun, 1893, es evaluado y separado de otros géneros del complejo Pinnixa White, 1846.
  • Systematics, Phylogeny, and Taphonomy of Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda): a Perspective from the Fossil Record

    Systematics, Phylogeny, and Taphonomy of Ghost Shrimps (Decapoda): a Perspective from the Fossil Record

    73 (3): 401 – 437 23.12.2015 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2015. Systematics, phylogeny, and taphonomy of ghost shrimps (Decapoda): a perspective from the fossil record Matúš Hyžný *, 1, 2 & Adiël A. Klompmaker 3 1 Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Matúš Hyžný [hyzny.matus@ gmail.com] — 2 Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SVK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia — 3 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Road, PO Box 117800, Gaines- ville, FL 32611, USA; Adiël A. Klompmaker [[email protected]] — * Correspond ing author Accepted 06.viii.2015. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 14.xii.2015. Editor in charge: Stefan Richter. Abstract Ghost shrimps of Callianassidae and Ctenochelidae are soft-bodied, usually heterochelous decapods representing major bioturbators of muddy and sandy (sub)marine substrates. Ghost shrimps have a robust fossil record spanning from the Early Cretaceous (~ 133 Ma) to the Holocene and their remains are present in most assemblages of Cenozoic decapod crustaceans. Their taxonomic interpretation is in flux, mainly because the generic assignment is hindered by their insufficient preservation and disagreement in the biological classification. Fur- thermore, numerous taxa are incorrectly classified within the catch-all taxonCallianassa . To show the historical patterns in describing fos- sil ghost shrimps and to evaluate taphonomic aspects influencing the attribution of ghost shrimp remains to higher level taxa, a database of all fossil species treated at some time as belonging to the group has been compiled: 250 / 274 species are considered valid ghost shrimp taxa herein.
  • Section 3.5 Marine Biology

    Section 3.5 Marine Biology

    3.5 MARINE BIOLOGY 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.1.1 Definition of Resource For purposes of this EIS/OEIS, marine biological resources are defined as marine flora and fauna and habitats that they occupy, occurring within the Point Mugu Sea Range, Mugu Lagoon, and the intertidal and nearshore environment of San Nicolas Island and Point Mugu. This section specifically addresses marine invertebrates and flora. Fish and sea turtles are addressed in Section 3.6, marine mammals are addressed in Section 3.7, and seabirds are addressed in Section 3.8. Threatened and endangered species, as defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), are also addressed. Species that are federally listed are afforded a degree of regulatory protection, which entails a permitting process including specific mitigation measures for any allowable (incidental) impacts on the species. Species that are proposed to be listed by the USFWS are treated similarly to listed species by that agency; recommendations of the USFWS, however, are advisory rather than mandatory in the case of proposed species. A federally listed endangered species is defined as any species, including subspecies, that is “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” A federally listed threatened species is defined as any species “likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” “Proposed” endangered or threatened species are those species for which a proposed regulation has been published in the Federal Register, but a final rule has not yet been issued. 3.5.1.2 Regional Setting The Sea Range straddles the ocean off Point Conception which is considered a major geographic feature that affects marine biological diversity.
  • Synopsis of the Family Callianassidae, with Keys to Subfamilies, Genera and Species, and the Description of New Taxa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea)

    Synopsis of the Family Callianassidae, with Keys to Subfamilies, Genera and Species, and the Description of New Taxa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea)

    ZV-326 (pp 03-152) 02-01-2007 14:37 Pagina 3 Synopsis of the family Callianassidae, with keys to subfamilies, genera and species, and the description of new taxa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) K. Sakai Sakai, K. Synopsis of the family Callianassidae, with keys to subfamilies, genera and species, and the description of new taxa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea). Zool. Verh. Leiden 326, 30.vii.1999: 1-152, figs 1-33.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-72-9. K. Sakai, Shikoku University, 771-1192 Tokushima, Japan, e-mail: [email protected]. Key words: Crustacea; Decapoda; Thalassinidae; Callianassidae; synopsis. A synopsis of the family Callianassidae is presented. Defenitions are given of the subfamilies and genera. Keys to the sufamilies, genera, as well as seperate keys to the species occurring in certain bio- geographical areas are provided. At least the synonymy, type-locality, and distribution of the species are listed. The following new taxa are described: Calliapaguropinae subfamily nov., Podocallichirus genus nov., Callianassa whitei spec. nov., Callianassa gruneri spec. nov., Callianassa ngochoae spec. nov., Neocallichirus kempi spec. nov. and Calliax doerjesti spec. nov. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3 Systematics .............................................................................................................................. 7 Subfamily Calliapaguropinae nov. .....................................................................................
  • Shrimp Neotrypaea Californiensis to Intertidal Shell and Mud Habitats

    Shrimp Neotrypaea Californiensis to Intertidal Shell and Mud Habitats

    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 30 Mar Ecol Prog Ser l Effects of substrate selection and post-settlement survival on recruitment success of the thalassinidean shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis to intertidal shell and mud habitats Kristine L. Feldmanlr*,David A. ~rmstrongl,David B. ~ggleston'~",Brett R. ~umbauld~ 'School of Fisheries, Box 357980, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA 'Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, Willapa Bay Field Station, PO Box 190, Ocean Park, Washington 98640, USA ABSTRACT: We quantified recruitment of young-of-the-year (YOY)burrowing thalassinidean shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis to 2 habitats of differing structural complexity-epibenthic bivalve shell and bare mudflat-and examined how differential settlement and post-settlement predation influence patterns of YOY abundance. Local densities of shrimp were quantified prlor to construction of shell habitat in Grays Harbor estuary, Washington (USA). Subsequent recruitment of YOY shrimp to epiben- thic shell and bare mudflat was measured during a peak settlement pulse and 10 mo post-settlement. In addition, patches of sediment overlying shell within the shell plot ('subsurface shell') were sampled 10 mo post-settlement. Differential settlement in shell and mud habitats was quantified in field and laboratory experiments. We also examined predator-prey interactions between YOY Dungeness crabs Cancer magister and newly settled shrimp in shell habitat in a laboratory experiment in which prey consumption crab-' was quantified as a function of shrimp density. Results of our studies indicate that dense coverage of epibenthic shell applied to the intertidal site reduced recruitment of ghost shrimp. Epibenthic shell habitat had significantly fewer YOY shrimp than bare mudflat at peak settlement and 10 mo post-settlement, and significantly fewer shrimp than 'subsurface shell' at 10 mo post-settlement.
  • SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 10 No. 12 1992 April

    SCAMIT Newsletter Vol. 10 No. 12 1992 April

    OR Southern California Association of S0? ^M Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists 3720 Stephen White Drive San Pedro, California 90731 ^TEBRATt April, 1992 Vol. 10, No. 12 NEXT MEETING: Provisional Species Review GUEST SPEAKER: None DATE: May 11, 1992 9:30am - 3:00pm LOCATION: Cabrillo Marine Museum San Pedro, California The May 11 meeting will be a discussion on how to best organize committees for publishing on SCAMIT provisional species. Decisions will be made as to which species would be the quickest to publish, who has priority, if any, and what level of funding can be made available through SCAMIT. Please bring current species list from project(s) you are working on to the meeting. We will also begin cataloging SCAMIT literature. Those members with an interest are urged to attend. We will be meeting at the Cabrillo Marine Museum in San Pedro, California. MINUTES FROM MEETING ON MARCH 9, 1992: Don Cadien represented SCAMIT at the memorial service/amphipod workshop for J. L. Barnard in Washington, D.C. A full report from Don has been included in the newsletter. Included in the newsletter is an open letter from SCAMIT to Dr. Brian Kensley asking that Dr. Barnard post be filled with another amphipod specialist. Hans Kuck of LACMNH provided attending members with some information on stomatopods. Included were a list of type specimens FUNDS FOR THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDED IN PART BY THE ARCO FOUNDATION, CHEVRON USA, AND TEXACO INC. SCAMIT newsletter is not deemed to be a valid publication for formal taxonomic purposes. -2- at LACMNH and notes on four species reported from southern California.
  • 2020 Interim Receiving Waters Monitoring Report

    2020 Interim Receiving Waters Monitoring Report

    POINT LOMA OCEAN OUTFALL MONTHLY RECEIVING WATERS INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINTM ONITORINGLOMA AND SOUTH R EPORTBAY OCEAN OUTFALLS POINT LOMA 2020 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT NPDES Permit No. CA0107409 SDRWQCB Order No. R9-2017-0007 APRIL 2021 Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services 2392 Kincaid Road x Mail Station 45A x San Diego, CA 92101 Tel (619) 758-2300 Fax (619) 758-2309 INTERIM RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING REPORT FOR THE POINT LOMA AND SOUTH BAY OCEAN OUTFALLS 2020 POINT LOMA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2017-0007; NPDES NO. CA0107409) SOUTH BAY WATER RECLAMATION PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2013-0006 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0109045) SOUTH BAY INTERNATIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (ORDER NO. R9-2014-0009 AS AMENDED; NPDES NO. CA0108928) Prepared by: City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program Environmental Monitoring & Technical Services Division Ryan Kempster, Editor Ami Latker, Editor June 2021 Table of Contents Production Credits and Acknowledgements ...........................................................................ii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................1 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 1. General Introduction ............................................................................................3 A. Latker, R. Kempster Chapter 2. Water Quality .......................................................................................................15 S. Jaeger, A. Webb, R. Kempster,
  • Vertical Distribution and Migration of Decapod Larvae in Relation to Light and Tides in Willapa Bay, Washington

    Vertical Distribution and Migration of Decapod Larvae in Relation to Light and Tides in Willapa Bay, Washington

    Estuaries and Coasts (2011) 34:1255–1261 DOI 10.1007/s12237-011-9405-7 Vertical Distribution and Migration of Decapod Larvae in Relation to Light and Tides in Willapa Bay, Washington Joanne K. Breckenridge & Stephen M. Bollens Received: 24 November 2010 /Revised: 18 March 2011 /Accepted: 11 April 2011 /Published online: 3 May 2011 # Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation 2011 Abstract We investigated the occurrence of behaviors that of food acquisition, predation levels, metabolism, and maximize predator avoidance and seaward transport in reproduction (Bollens and Frost 1991;Hays2003). estuarine decapod zoeae by collecting larvae from discrete Because current speed and direction may vary with depth, depths in a partially mixed estuary, Willapa Bay, Washington, the vertical distribution of planktonic organisms also USA, and relating their abundance and vertical distribution to a largely influences its horizontal distribution and is of suite of environmental variables. Abundances of first zoeae of particular importance to species with a benthic adult stage Neotrypaea californiensis and Pinnotheridae were associated (Thorson 1950). with tidal phase, diel phase, and water height. Both taxa were Planktonic larvae of many benthic estuarine species most abundant during ebb tides, and abundances increased develop in coastal waters, returning to estuaries as with water height, suggesting behaviors that enhanced postlarvae for settlement (Bilton et al. 2002; Roegner et seaward transport. Additionally, N. californiensis were both al. 2007). In addition to increasing genetic exchange and shallower and more abundant at night, indicative of behaviors dispersal potential, development in coastal waters is to avoid visual predators. Our results suggest that both tidal considered favorable because estuaries are thought to have transport and predator avoidance are important and sometimes both a higher concentration of predators and to be more interactive selective forces shaping larval decapod behavior.
  • Settlement and Metamorphosis in the Echiura: a Review

    Settlement and Metamorphosis in the Echiura: a Review

    Copyright 1978 by Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Chia/Rice, eds. Settlement and Metamorphosis of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. SETTLEMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS IN THE ECHIURA: A REVIEW John Pilger Smithsonian Institution, Fort Pierce Bureau, Route 1, Box 194-C, Fort Pierce, Florida 33450 Two types of settlement and metamorphosis are distinguished. Males of the family Bonellidae have specialized attachment structures used during settlement; they undergo an abbreviated, neotenic metamorphosis. Information on settlement of echiurans other than bon ell ids is limited. Metamorphosis of the trochophore proceeds through the loss of trochal bands and protonephridia, as well as the transformation of the gastrointestinal valve and the pre- and posttrochallobes into adult structures. The phenomenon of sex determination in the Bonellidae is reviewed. INTRODUCTION Echiurans occur in benthic habitats in shallow subtidal to hadal ocean depths1 and in some areas, they represent a significant component of the benthic community.2,3 Filter feeding spe­ cies such as Urechis caupo are important in their ability to direct planktonic energy to the marine benthos.4 Most echiurans feed on the nutrients in deposited sediments and thus playa major role in recycling energy in benthic communitit:s.5 The Echiura are suitable subjects for the study of reproduction and development.6 Early workers described the development of species in the genera Echiurus,7,8 Bonellia9,10,1l and Lissomyema (as Thalassema).12 The detailed work of Newby 13 ,14 on Urechis caupo added to the knowledge of echiuran development. Recent investigations have dealt primarily with the cyto­ logical, ultrastructural, and biochemical aspects of gametogenesis (see Gould-Somerol5 for a re­ view).
  • Methods Collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a Review 5-21 Ann

    Methods Collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a Review 5-21 Ann

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2015 Band/Volume: 117B Autor(en)/Author(s): Dworschak Peter C. Artikel/Article: Methods collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a review 5-21 Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 117 5–21 Wien, Jänner 2015 Methods collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a review P.C. Dworschak* Abstract Axiidea and Gebiidae (formerly treated together as Thalassinidea) have a crypic lifestyle. Collecting these shrimp therefore requires special field methods. The present paper reviews these methods according to habitats and provides recommendations as well as data on their efficiency. In addition, information on the preservation of these animals is presented. Key words: Thalassinidea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, method, collecting, preservation Zusammenfassung Maulwurfskrebse aus den zwei Unterordungen der zehnfüßigen Krebes Axiidea und Gebiidea (früher zusammengefaßt als Thalassinidea) kommen in temperaten, subtropischen und tropischen Meeren vor und zeichnen sich durch ein Leben im Verborgenen aus. Viele Arten legen tiefe und ausgedehnte Bauten an. Diese Lebensweise erfordert eigene Methoden, um die Krebse zu fangen. Die verschiedenen Fangmethoden werden hier vorgestellt und Angaben zur Effizienz gemacht. Zusätzlich werden Angaben zur Fixierung und Konservierung der Krebse präsentiert. Introduction Formerly treated together as the thalassinideans, the infraorders Gebiidea DE SAINT LAURENT, 1979 and Axiidea DE SAINT LAURENT, 1979 represent two distinctly separate groups of decapods (ROBLES et al. 2009; BRACKEN et al. 2009; DWORSCHAK et al. 2012, POORE et al., 2014). They are commonly called mud shrimp or ghost shrimp, although they are only distantly related to true (dendrobranchiate or caridean) shrimp.
  • Advanced Deployable System Environmental Assessment

    Advanced Deployable System Environmental Assessment

    Department of the Navy ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PLOYA D DE BLE CE SY N S A T V E D M A Advanced Deployable System Ocean Tests Program Definition and Risk Reduction Phase October 1998 FA C L I LI N A T WEST DI ND AVA V I E H VI A L A UT SI S O O N S N W A ★ ★ E E R C R F N N A A T P A D E E R C G S V H N R E A T N E A O I L ★ W L O O N N M P F G A Y A E M SE E C O C I E L C FOR R IT G S D E I N Y N I C ES RI ST A N I ENGINEE EMS COMM G S E R V ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ADVANCED DEPLOYABLE SYSTEM OCEAN TESTS PROGRAM DEFINITION AND RISK REDUCTION PHASE Prepared for: Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command 4301 Pacific Highway (OT1) San Diego, California 92110-3127 Program Point of Contact: CDR Kevin Delaney (619) 524-7248 Prepared by: Southwest Division Naval Facilities Engineering Command 1220 Pacific Highway San Diego, California 92132-5178 NEPA Point of Contact: Shawn Hynes (805) 982-1170 Date: October 1998 ABSTRACT This Environmental Assessment (EA)/Overseas Environmental Assessment (OEA) addresses potential impacts associated with four ocean tests of the Advanced Deployable System (ADS), a passive acoustic undersea surveillance system program sponsored by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and managed by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR).